WO2018129694A1 - 交通运输工具用智能安全带、限力器及卷收器 - Google Patents

交通运输工具用智能安全带、限力器及卷收器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018129694A1
WO2018129694A1 PCT/CN2017/070978 CN2017070978W WO2018129694A1 WO 2018129694 A1 WO2018129694 A1 WO 2018129694A1 CN 2017070978 W CN2017070978 W CN 2017070978W WO 2018129694 A1 WO2018129694 A1 WO 2018129694A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seat belt
webbing
smart
length
retractor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/070978
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙寅贵
王世国
刘杰
李海鹏
季柏全
赵亿恩
Original Assignee
北京孙寅贵绿色科技研究院有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 北京孙寅贵绿色科技研究院有限公司 filed Critical 北京孙寅贵绿色科技研究院有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2017/070978 priority Critical patent/WO2018129694A1/zh
Publication of WO2018129694A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018129694A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34—Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34—Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B60R22/343—Belt retractors, e.g. reels with electrically actuated locking means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34—Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B60R22/44—Belt retractors, e.g. reels with means for reducing belt tension during use under normal conditions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a smart seat belt for a vehicle, a force limiter for restraining webbing recovery, and a retractor including the force limiter, which is comfortable for use by a driver and passenger, and is at risk and collided Providing a comprehensive, effective and reliable solution for the occupants in different situations.
  • Safety belts are a necessary safety device for transportation vehicles.
  • Safety belts can pull people in the vehicle (including drivers and passengers) in the event of a collision, for example, to prevent the person from rushing forward, flipping, etc. due to inertia. Objects in front collide and thus avoid personal injury.
  • a seat belt is disclosed in the applicant's PCT application WO 2014/169452 A1, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • An adjustment device is provided in the seat belt to lock the seat belt during normal driving to prevent it from being excessively recovered, thereby causing the seat belt to be fastened without feeling a pressure on the body.
  • the lock is automatically released, so that the seat belt can be recovered, thereby pulling the seat belt wearer for safety.
  • the adjusting device comprises a roller shaft having a ratchet; a pawl selectively engaging the ratchet to lock the roller shaft; a pressing body corresponding to the roller shaft,
  • the pressing body is disposed such that a webbing of the seat belt is located between the roller shaft and the pressing body, and the pressing body includes a pair of supporting swinging rods composed of a first swinging lever and a second swinging lever, the first And the adjacent ends of the second swing rod are hinged together and form an angle of the swing rod, one non-adjacent end of the first and second swing rods is fixed, and the other non-adjacent end is The change in the angle of the swing bar can be moved toward or away from the roller axis, and the webbing is located between the other non-adjacent end and the roller shaft.
  • the other non-adjacent end is closest to the roller shaft, thereby clamping the webbing to prevent it from being recovered by the retractor, which corresponds to a normal state, while the first and second pendulum rods are at 180 degrees In the outer state, the other non-adjacent end portion is away from the roller shaft, releasing the webbing so that the webbing can be recovered by the retractor, which corresponds to an emergency such as a collision.
  • the hinge points of the first swing link and the second swing link are disposed on
  • the inertia weight can be moved by inertia, for example, in an emergency deceleration, etc., thereby pulling the first swing lever and the second swing lever away from a stable state at the hinge point, thereby releasing the locking of the webbing.
  • the webbing is tensioned by the retractor.
  • the adjusting device activates the first swing lever and the second swing lever by means of the inertia weight
  • the response speed of the inertial weight is difficult to satisfy quickly.
  • the requirement for the locking of the webbing is released; or, in the case of an emergency deceleration of the vehicle, the webbing of the seat belt cannot be tightened in time due to the slow response speed of the inertial weight. Therefore, there is still room for improvement in such a safety belt with an adjustment device.
  • a pretensioner is usually provided in the seat belt, the pretensioner being connected to a central control processor that activates the airbag of the vehicle.
  • the central control processor activates a seat belt pretensioner that pulls the seat belt, for example, by igniting a high pressure gas to push the piston, thereby quickly tightening the seat belt, thereby pulling A person who lives forward due to inertia.
  • the seat belt is a safety measure to protect the driver and passengers, in the existing accident statistics, 74% of all collision accidents have a warning collision, that is, the driver and the driver have adopted the system before the collision. Move or slow down measures. At this time, the speed at which the collision actually occurs is below 50 km per hour. However, there are still 26% of collisions without warnings, such as: the opposite side of the car suddenly rushed backwards, or fell asleep, resulting in a collision, in the violent impact, the seat belt will cause serious damage to the personnel, that is, at the high speed of the vehicle When a severe impact occurs during driving, the passenger's inertia speed is very high. At this time, the force belt exerts a great force on the person. This force exerted by the seat belt can cause great damage to the person wearing the seat belt, for example, causing a fracture of the person's clavicle, or even causing compression or rapid displacement of the internal organs to cause death in the lumen.
  • a load-limiting shaft is provided in the retractor of the seat belt, and the load-limiting force is usually a deformable torsion bar.
  • the torsion bar is typically a metal rod that is generally integrally formed and whose material is selected to undergo a torsional rotation when a sufficient force is applied thereto.
  • the torsion bar is fixed to the reel of the webbing webbing, whereby in the event of a high-speed impact, when a large force is exerted on When the seat belt is on, the torsion bar is distorted, thereby alleviating the force exerted by the webbing on the human body.
  • the torsion bar is integrally formed of metal, its twisting characteristics are fixed, and it can be seen from its force distribution curve (see Fig. 18A) that the curve of the force increase is steep and twisted. Before the deformation, there is a peak of force, which still causes certain damage to the human body. Therefore, there is a need to improve the seat belt load limiter.
  • an object of the present invention to solve or alleviate the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide an intelligent safety belt which can prevent the webbing of the webbing from being excessively recovered under normal running conditions, thereby avoiding webbing pairs.
  • the force of the peak pressure on the human body greatly reduces the damage to the human body.
  • an intelligent safety belt for a vehicle comprising: a webbing, a locking device, a retractor, and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to receive the representation a signal of the length of the webbing being pulled out and controlling the locking device to lock the webbing when the webbing is pulled out of a predetermined pull-out length to prevent the webbing from being rewinded by the retractor;
  • the device is further configured to release the locking of the locking device when the vehicle is suddenly decelerated or the webbing is to be quickly pulled out and to allow the webbing to be tightened by the retractor
  • the retractor comprises a webbing roll a reel wound thereon, a locking mechanism for selectively locking the reel, and a force limiter disposed between the reel and the locking mechanism, the force limiter including a first portion, a second portion, and a biasing device
  • the biasing means presses the first portion and the second portion against each other to maintain a relative rotation with each other by a friction
  • the locking device includes a frame, a length measuring mechanism mounted within the frame, a roller shaft assembly, and a pressurizing assembly.
  • the length measuring mechanism includes a pair of oppositely disposed roller shafts, a nip is formed between the roller shafts, the webbing passes through the nip and drives the roller shaft to rotate; and further includes sensing One of the rollers that rotate the sensor.
  • the senor is a light sensor comprising a transmitter and a receiver.
  • one of the rollers is provided with a code wheel, and a plurality of slits are uniformly disposed on the code wheel in a circumferential direction, and the transmitter and the receiver are disposed on opposite sides of the code wheel .
  • the roller shaft assembly includes a roller shaft on which a ratchet is disposed, a pawl selectively engaging the ratchet, and a spine biasing the pawl toward a position in which the ratchet is engaged a pawl spring, a contact seat and a first relay, the first relay preventing the pawl from being biased by the pawl spring to engage the ratchet when not triggered, and allowing the spine when triggered
  • the pawl engages the ratchet teeth on the roller shaft under the action of the pawl spring.
  • the roller shaft further includes a friction surface disposed on both sides of the ratchet in an axial direction.
  • the pressurizing assembly comprises a retainer, a first swing lever, a second swing lever, a pressure block and a second relay, the first swing link and the second swing link are hinged at one end, and the first swing link The other end is hinged to the holder, and the other end of the second swing rod is connected to the pressure block, and the second relay is disposed on the holder such that the armature of the second relay abuts The hinged ends of the first and second swing bars.
  • the pressurizing assembly further includes a spring biasing the first swing link or the second swing link such that the first swing link and the second swing link are in a stable state in a straight line.
  • the pressure block and the roller shaft are disposed opposite each other and form a gap between the friction surface of the roller shaft and the pressure block such that the webbing passes through the gap.
  • the controller is further configured to receive a signal indicative of the buckle of the seat belt being snapped.
  • the controller is further configured to calculate a tension length of the seat belt based on a signal of the length measuring mechanism after receiving a signal indicating that the buckle of the seat belt is engaged, and After the safety belt is pulled out again for a certain length and rewinded again, when the pull-out length of the seat belt is equal to the tension length plus the margin, the first relay is triggered, thereby preventing the seat belt from being further returned.
  • the roll the length being greater than the tension length plus the margin.
  • the controller is further configured to receive a signal indicative of an operational status of the vehicle.
  • the signal indicating the operating state of the vehicle comes from, for example, an acceleration sensor, a sensor of a gyroscope, or an ECU from the vehicle itself.
  • the controller is further configured to, upon receiving a signal indicative of deceleration of the vehicle, the controller signaling a second relay to trigger the second relay such that the A pendulum rod and a second pendulum rod are offset from the steady state against the biasing force of the spring, thereby retracting the pressure block.
  • the first component of the force limiter is a sleeve portion
  • the second component of the force limiter is a plug portion insertable into one end of the sleeve portion
  • the plug A portion of the plug portion that is inserted into the sleeve portion is formed with a taper, whereby an inner circumferential surface of the sleeve portion is frictionally engaged with an outer circular shaft surface of the plug portion.
  • an end of the sleeve portion opposite to an end at which the plug portion is inserted is formed with a spline to engage with one of the reel and the locking mechanism, and the plug A portion of the end opposite the end inserted into the sleeve portion is formed with a spline to engage the other of the spool and the locking mechanism.
  • the force limiter further includes an adjustment spring disposed in the inner cavity of the sleeve portion and biasing the plug portion toward the sleeve portion.
  • the force limiter further includes an adjustment lever and a flap
  • the sleeve portion inner cavity is provided with a shaft portion
  • the adjustment spring is disposed between the shaft portion and the flap
  • the adjustment lever connects the flap and the plug portion.
  • the flap and the plug portion are provided with an internally threaded hole, and the adjusting rod is a screw with an external thread, and the screw is screwed to the flap and the plug portion.
  • the triggering of the first and second relays is controlled by the controller, and the response time of the seat belt can be improved as compared with the inertial weight used in the prior art; in the present invention, by including the length measuring mechanism Measuring the tensioning length of the seat belt, the controller can automatically set the appropriate belt pull-out length that does not create a sense of pressure for the person, and this length can be automatically reset for different people.
  • the force limiter including the sleeve portion and the plug portion
  • the threshold of the seat belt release can be adjusted as needed, and the sleeve portion and the plug portion are formed as compared with the conventional integrally formed metal torsion bar.
  • the force limiter can cause the force curve to rise gently and can continue to gradually increase the force threshold along the curve of the rational design after the seat belt is released, that is, after the relative rotation between the sleeve portion and the plug portion is started.
  • the pressure on the human body by the belt webbing is alleviated, and on the other hand, the human body can be pulled in time to prevent it from colliding with the object in front, thereby achieving better safety.
  • Figure 1 is a side view showing a seat belt adjusting device of the prior art
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are views respectively showing different states of a pressurizing body of the seat belt adjusting device of the prior art
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing a smart seat belt in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B are perspective views showing, from different angles, a roller shaft assembly included in a locking device of a smart seat belt according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 shows a perspective view of a roller shaft included in the roller shaft assembly
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B show perspective views of contact seats included in the roller shaft assembly from different perspectives
  • FIGS. 8A to 8C are views showing three different operational states of the roller shaft assembly
  • Figure 9 shows a side view of a locking device in a smart seat belt in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • 10A and 10B are views respectively showing two states of a pressurizing assembly included in the lock device
  • Figure 11 is a view showing a length measuring mechanism
  • Figure 12 is an exploded perspective view showing a reel and a force limiter of a retractor included in the smart seat belt according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 13A shows the unpreloaded state of the force limiter
  • Figure 13B shows the preloaded state of the force limiter
  • Figure 14 shows a schematic block diagram of a controller in a smart seat belt in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 15 shows an exploded view of a smart seat belt in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 16A and 16B show views of a one-way system between a rewind motor and a reel
  • 17A and 17B are views showing the operation of the locking device included in the smart belt shown in Fig. 15;
  • 18A and 18B are graphs showing the force of a conventional force limiter and a force limiter in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 The seat belt adjusting device disclosed in the utility model. 1 is a side view of a seat belt adjusting device of the prior art, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are views respectively showing different states of the pressurizing body.
  • the adjusting device comprises a pressurizing body 1 and a roller shaft 2, wherein the pressurizing body 1 comprises a pressing block 37, and the pressurizing body 1 is disposed with respect to the roller shaft 2 such that the pressing block 37 of the pressurizing body A nip is formed between the roller shaft 2 and the webbing 3 of the webbing passes through the nip.
  • the roller shaft 2 is formed with ratchet teeth along a portion of its axial direction to selectively engage the pawl, thereby preventing the roller shaft 2 from rotating in the counterclockwise direction in the drawing.
  • the pressurizing body 1 further includes a first swing link 33 and a second swing link 35, wherein the first swing link and the second swing link are hinged to each other at their adjacent ends, and the first pendulum
  • the non-adjacent end of the rod 33 is fixed to the frame of the pressing body, and the non-adjacent end of the second swing rod 35 is connected to the pressing block 37.
  • the inertial weights 21 are disposed on the hinge axes of the first swing link 33 and the second swing link 35.
  • the compression body 1 further comprises a trigger 11 comprising a roller 12 that abuts against the webbing 3 by means of a spring.
  • the trigger 11 is rotated downward in the clockwise direction in Fig. 1 by the spring, whereby the inertia weight is pushed by a link-like structure (not shown). 21 the movement of the hinge point of the swing lever is caused, so that the first swing lever 33 and the second swing lever 35 are deviated from each other in a stable state of 180 degrees, so that the clamp 37 is retracted, whereby the clamp 37 and the roller 2 bracket are The nip is enlarged, allowing the webbing to be tightened by the retractor.
  • the trigger 11 When the webbing is substantially tightened, the trigger 11 is pushed by the webbing in the opposite direction (counterclockwise direction in the drawing), and the first swinging lever 33 and the second swinging lever 35 are returned to a stable state by the force of the spring, so that the pressure The block extends to reduce the nip.
  • the roller shaft engages with the pawl by means of the webbing frictional force against the roller shaft, thereby preventing the roller shaft from rotating. Under the action of both, the webbing is held and cannot be further recovered. Such a webbing does not cause excessive pressure on the wearer's body.
  • the inertia weight 21 moves under the action of inertia, thereby pulling the hinge points of the first swing lever 33 and the second swing lever 35, so that the first and second swing levers are deviated from stability. State and cause the clamp 37 to retract. Thereby the nip of the previously clamped webbing is increased, whereby the webbing can be quickly retracted by the retractor, tightening the wearer's body.
  • an intelligent safety belt is proposed, and an embodiment of the intelligent safety belt according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • vehicle or traffic Tools generally refer to various vehicles or vehicles used to carry people and/or goods, including but not limited to vehicles operating on land, such as automobiles, trucks, tracked vehicles, tricycles, etc.; Tools such as ships, submarines, etc.; and a variety of aviation and aerospace tools, such as various aircraft, space shuttles, manned spacecraft, cargo ships and so on.
  • a seat belt is merely one example of a situation in which the present invention can be applied, and the present invention is equally applicable to various elongated chains, strips or belts, and therefore, the present invention is not limited to safety. band.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown an exploded perspective view of a smart safety belt that generally includes a locking device 100, a retractor 200, and a controller (not shown) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. .
  • the various parts of the smart seat belt will be described one by one with reference to the drawings.
  • the locking device includes a frame (not shown), a length measuring mechanism 20 mounted within the frame, a roller shaft assembly 30, and a pressurizing assembly 40.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are perspective views of the contact seat in the roller shaft assembly, 8A-8C show three different operating states of the roller assembly.
  • the roller shaft assembly 30 mainly includes a roller shaft 31, a bracket 32, a pawl 33, a pawl torsion spring 34, a contact seat 36, and a first relay 37.
  • the roller shaft 31 basically includes three portions in the axial direction, that is, the ratchet teeth 3101 located in the middle and the friction surfaces (not shown in Fig. 6) respectively on the sides of the ratchet, which friction The surface may be integrally formed on the roller shaft or may be formed as a separate sleeve-like member and fitted over the outer circular shaft of the roller shaft.
  • the roller shaft 31 is rotatably mounted on the bracket 32 about its axis, and one end of the bracket 32 is pivotally coupled to the contact seat 36 (as shown in Figures 7A and 7B).
  • the webbing can slide along the surface of the roller shaft and drive the roller shaft to rotate.
  • the contact seat 36 is provided with a ratchet 3601 at a position on the lower side of the roller shaft corresponding to the ratchet teeth 3101 on the roller shaft, and the ratchet teeth 3601 can be engaged with the ratchet teeth 3101 of the roller shaft by This prevents the roller shaft 31 from rotating.
  • a support piece 3602 and a pressing piece 3603 are formed on both sides of the contact seat 36, and one of the support piece 3602 and the pressing piece 3603 is selectively engageable with a tab projecting outward from both ends of the bracket 32 ( As described in detail below).
  • the pawl 33 is disposed above the roller shaft and is pivotable about its end.
  • the pawl 33 is mounted on the contact seat 36 via the shaft 321 and the pawl is mounted on the shaft 321
  • a spring 34 that is arranged to bias the pawl 33 toward a position that engages the ratchet teeth 3101 of the roller shaft 31.
  • a cam surface is formed
  • the first relay 37 is mounted below the cam surface
  • the first relay 37 includes an armature spring 3701 to turn the armature 3701 when the first relay 37 is not triggered. It is held in the extended position so that the armature 3702 can abut against the cam surface, thereby preventing the pawl 33 from falling.
  • FIG. 8A a pawl lock state is shown, in which the first relay 37 is not triggered, and the pawl 33 is locked by the armature 3702 of the first relay 37, and cannot be depressed by the pawl spring 34. Pressure.
  • the roller shaft is pressed downward by the force which the webbing 71 is recovered by the retractor, so that the ratchet teeth 3101 of the roller shaft 31 mesh with the ratchet teeth 3601 of the contact seat 36, at this time, the spines of the pawl 33 and the contact seat 36.
  • the roller shaft cannot rotate; in Fig. 8C, the idling state is shown, at which time the first relay 37 is triggered, whereby the armature 3702 of the first relay 37 is separated from the cam surface of the pawl 33.
  • the pawl 33 is released, but at this time, due to the retraction of the clamp (see the detailed description below), the roller shaft 31 is bounced upward by the force of the tab 3602 against the tab of the bracket, whereby the spine of the roller shaft 31
  • the teeth 3101 are disengaged from the ratchets of the contact seat, whereby the roller shaft is free to rotate.
  • FIGS. 4 and 9-10B show a side view of a locking device in accordance with the present invention
  • Figures 10A and 10B show two of the pressurizing assemblies 40, respectively.
  • the pressurizing assembly 40 basically includes a first swing link 41 and a second swing link 42, a pressure piece 43, a spring 44, and a second relay 45. As shown in FIGS.
  • the second end of the first swing link 41 and the first end of the second swing link 42 are hinged to each other, and the first end of the first swing link 41 (not the first with the second swing link)
  • One end of the end hinge is hinged to the holder 46, and the second end of the second swing rod 42 is hinged to one end of the pressure block 43, whereby the opposite ends of the first swing rod 41 and the second swing rod 42 at their hinge ends
  • the rotation can be converted into an extended or retracted motion of the pressure block 43.
  • a spring 44 is provided, as shown in Fig.
  • the spring 32 is in a compressed state, thereby pushing the first and second swing bars 41 and 42 such that they are in a straight line (180 degrees) with each other, i.e., stable State, see Figure 10B.
  • springs such as torsion springs or tension springs, may be employed, and the invention is not limited thereto.
  • the second relay 45 is also fixed to the holder 46, and the armature end of the second relay 45 abuts against the hinge ends of the first swing link 41 and the second swing link 42.
  • the armature pushes the hinge ends of the first swing link 41 and the second swing link 42 such that the first swing link and the second swing link deviate from the steady state (see FIG. 10A). And thereby the crimp block 43 is retracted.
  • FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of the length measuring mechanism 20.
  • the length measuring mechanism 20 includes a roller shaft 21; an opposite roller 22 disposed opposite the roller shaft 21 to form a nip with the roller shaft 21, wherein the webbing of the webbing passes through the nip; sensing provided at one end of the roller shaft 21 Portion 23 for sensing the length of the webbing through the nip.
  • the sensing portion 23 includes a code wheel 231 disposed at one end of the roller shaft 21, and a plurality of radial slits are uniformly disposed on the code wheel in the circumferential direction, and the optical sensor 232 is disposed across the code wheel 231, the optical sensor 232 includes a transmitter and a receiver, the transmitter and the receiver are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the code wheel, whereby when the radial slit on the code wheel 231 passes through the optical sensor, the receiver can receive the slave transmitter Light.
  • the optical sensor the number of slits passed can be counted, and thus the amount of rotation of the roller shaft 21 can be derived, and the length of the webbing passing through the nip can be calculated.
  • optical sensors are employed in the above description, those skilled in the art can contemplate other types of sensors to achieve the same functions, such as Hall sensors and the like.
  • the roller shaft assembly 30 and the pressurizing assembly 40 are mounted in the frame such that the roller shaft 31 of the roller shaft assembly 30 and the pressing block 43 of the pressurizing assembly are opposed to each other and form a gap therebetween, the seat belt The webbing passes through the gap. And when the roller shaft assembly is locked and the pressure block 43 is extended, the gap is reduced, thereby locking the webbing 71 of the seat belt from being retracted by the retractor.
  • the retractor 50 basically includes a housing 51, a reel 52, a torsion spring 53, and a force limiter 54.
  • the webbing 71 of the webbing can be fixedly attached to the reel 52, and the reel 52 is biased by the coil spring 53, whereby the webbing 71 is recovered and wound on the reel 52.
  • One end of the reel 52 is provided with a ratchet
  • the outer casing 51 of the retractor 50 is provided with a pawl
  • the pawl acts on the reel 52 by cam action in the case where the vehicle suddenly decelerates or the webbing of the webbing is to be quickly pulled out.
  • the upper ratchets engage, thereby preventing the spool 52 from rotating and thereby preventing the webbing from being pulled out.
  • the above mechanism is the same as the retractor currently used in the prior art, and therefore will not be described in detail.
  • the retractor 50 further includes a pretensioner 55 that can be triggered in the event of a vehicle collision, thereby causing the reel to quickly rewind the webbing.
  • a pretensioner 55 that can be triggered in the event of a vehicle collision, thereby causing the reel to quickly rewind the webbing.
  • another pretensioner (not shown), or a snap pretensioner, is included at the buckle position, the other pretensioner being triggered simultaneously with the pretensioner 55 described above such that the webbing is Rewind faster.
  • FIG. 12 shows an exploded perspective view of the reel and the force limiter
  • Figs. 13A and 13B respectively show the untightening of the force limiter. Status and preload status.
  • the force limiter 54 is disposed within the spool.
  • the force limiter 54 includes a sleeve portion 541, a plug portion 542, a flap 543, an adjustment spring 544, and an adjustment rod 545.
  • One end of the sleeve portion 541 is provided with a journal portion, at the end of which is provided a spline 5411, and the remaining portion of the sleeve portion 541 is provided with a cavity portion which is radially inward
  • the extended shaft portion 5415 is divided into two portions, namely, a spring receiving cavity 5413 having a window 5412 and a plug receiving cavity 5414 for receiving the plug portion 542.
  • the adjustment spring 544 and the flap 543 can be inserted into the spring receiving cavity 5413 through the window 5412.
  • the plug portion 542 includes a spline portion 5421 at one end and a plug 5422 at the other end, the plug 5422 being formed with a taper, for example, in the range of 1:20 to 1:80, and for example, 1:50
  • the taper is provided, and the plug portion is provided with a threaded hole 5423 in the axial direction.
  • the flap 543 is also formed with a threaded hole in the center.
  • the adjustment spring 544 and the flap 543 can be inserted into the spring receiving cavity 5413 through the window, and the plug 5422 of the plug portion 542 is inserted into the plug receiving cavity 5414, And the tapered outer circumferential surface of the plug 5422 is in contact with the inner circumferential surface of the plug accommodating cavity 5414.
  • the adjustment rod 545 is a screw with an external thread that passes through the plug portion 542, the adjustment spring 544 and the blocking piece 543, and the threaded hole of the plug portion 542 and the threaded hole of the blocking piece 543, thereby The adjustment spring 544 is sandwiched between the flap 543 and the shaft portion 5415.
  • the adjustment spring 544 is compressed, thereby pulling the plug portion 542 inward in the axial direction (see FIG. 13B), adjusting the pressing force between the plug portion and the sleeve portion, thereby Adjust the static friction between the plug portion and the sleeve portion.
  • the sleeve portion 541 and the plug portion 542 may be made of the same or different metal materials, for example, the sleeve portion 541 and the plug portion 542 may be made of stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, or the like. And a portion of the sleeve portion 541 to be frictionally engaged with the plug 542 may be provided with a copper sleeve (not labeled). However, the invention is not limited thereto, and the sleeve portion and the plug portion may be formed of other materials, and the copper sleeve may be omitted.
  • the force limiter is engaged with the spool 52 by a spline 5411 provided on the end of the sleeve portion, thereby being non-rotatable relative to the spool, and additionally coupled to the locking mechanism of the retractor by a spline on the plug portion.
  • a spline 5411 provided on the end of the sleeve portion, thereby being non-rotatable relative to the spool, and additionally coupled to the locking mechanism of the retractor by a spline on the plug portion.
  • the smart seat belt of the present invention also includes a controller to control the actions of the first relay and the second relay.
  • the controller can receive a signal of the webbing length measuring mechanism 20, a signal of the seat belt buckle, and a signal for measuring an operating state of the vehicle, and output a control signal to control the first and second relays 37 and 45.
  • the controller may receive a signal from the webbing length measuring mechanism 20 to calculate the current webbing length and receive a signal from the webbing buckle to determine if the webbing buckle is buckled or released, and the controller also receives the representation
  • the signal of the sensor of the running state of the vehicle the sensor is a three-axis sensor (XYZ), such as an acceleration sensor, a gyroscope, etc., or the signal is directly from the ECU of the vehicle, whereby the controller can determine that the vehicle is in a deceleration state, high speed Collision status, etc.
  • the controller may be a separate controller or may be integrated into an existing controller in the vehicle, such as a controller for controlling the airbag.
  • the sensor that senses the running state of the vehicle may be a separate sensor or may be a sensor existing in the vehicle, for example, a sensor used in an airbag, etc., and the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the seat belt buckle When a person enters the vehicle and fastens the seat belt, the seat belt buckle sends a belt buckle signal and this signal is received by the controller.
  • the first electromagnet 37 is not triggered, whereby the armature 3702 of the first electromagnet 37 abuts against the cam surface of the pawl 33, preventing the pawl 33 from falling, and The roller shaft 31 is pulled by the pawl 33 to prevent the roller shaft 31 from falling.
  • the controller calculates the length of the webbing of the seat belt in the tension state based on the signal received from the seat belt length measuring mechanism 20, below It is called the tension length.
  • the length can be derived by pulling the length minus the length of the rewind.
  • the measurement of the tension length may include a certain delay time, for example, after receiving the belt buckle signal, the controller determines the tension length after a certain delay time to avoid the person wearing the seat belt. Take measurements when not in place.
  • the delay time is, for example, in the range of 1 to 120 seconds, and preferably may be between 3 and 5 seconds.
  • the controller After the seat belt is pulled out again for a certain length, for example, due to the forward and backward movement of the person, the seat belt is rewinded again, and the controller receives the signal of the seat belt length measuring mechanism 20 and calculates the length of the seat belt in real time, when the length of the seat belt Equal to the tightening length plus a margin, the controller issues a trigger signal to the first relay, whereby the first relay 37 is triggered, causing the armature 3702 of the first relay 37 to retract, thereby releasing the pawl. At this time, the pawl 33 meshes with the ratchet teeth 3101 to prevent the roller shaft from rotating. And at this time, since the second relay is not triggered, the clamp is in an extended state.
  • the roller shaft is pressed down by the seat belt in a state where it is not rotated, whereby the ratchet teeth 3101 on the roller shaft further mesh with the ratchet teeth on the contact seat, and the roller shaft
  • the reduction in clearance between the clamps locks the webbing webbing so that it cannot be rewinded (see also Figure 8A).
  • the length of the seat belt is the tension length plus a margin, hereinafter referred to as the pull-out length, that is, the pull-out length is equal to the tension length plus the margin, and the margin can be in the range of 5-180 mm. For example, it can be 10-20 mm. It is to be noted that during the falling of the roller shaft, the bracket 32 and the roller shaft 31 are simultaneously dropped, and the tab of the bracket 32 comes into contact with the support piece 3601 and presses the support piece 3602 to deform it.
  • the controller When the vehicle is braking or decelerating, the controller receives a signal indicating that the vehicle is in emergency braking. At this time, the controller sends a trigger signal to the second relay, so that the second relay is triggered, and the second relay is powered. Pivoting the hinged end between the first swing link 41 and the second swing link 42 such that the first swing link and the second swing link are out of a stable state, whereby the clamp is retracted, so that a gap between the clamp block and the roller shaft Expanding, at this time, the deformed support piece 3602 restores its shape under its own elasticity and simultaneously pushes the roller shaft 31 upward by the bracket 32, further expanding the distance between the roller shaft and the pressure block.
  • the pressing piece 3602 limits the position at which the roller shaft 31 is pushed upward. Under the action of the retractor, the webbing of the webbing is rewinded and pulled, and the state of the roller assembly is as shown in Fig. 8C, at which time the roller shaft is idling.
  • the seat belt is quickly tensioned by the pretensioner 55 and another pretensioner (not shown) located at the buckle, at which time the inertia of the person applies to the webbing of the seat belt.
  • the force curve 18B shows a curve of the force versus time, from which it can be seen that the force rises smoothly and can still increase slowly after reaching the threshold. Moreover, by selecting the material of the force limiter and the pre-tightening pressure, the force curve can be made according to a pre-planned curve.
  • the locking device is disposed within the retractor.
  • the retractor includes a reel 510, and a force limiter as described above is disposed in the reel 510, and one end of the reel 510 is provided with a spline on the spline.
  • An outer spur 507 and an inner sprocket 506 are non-rotatably disposed, and an outer circumference of the outer spur 507 is provided with a tooth 5071 that selectively engages with a lock 508 described below.
  • the inner circumference of the inner toothed disc 506 is provided with a ratchet tooth 5061, and a pawl assembly coaxially disposed inside the inner circumference of the inner toothed disc 506, the pawl assembly includes a pawl bracket 505 and is mounted on the pawl bracket A plurality of pawls 504 are evenly spaced apart in the circumferential direction such that the plurality of pawls can engage the ratchet teeth of the internal toothed disc 506 in one direction.
  • the pawl bracket 505 is coaxially fixed to the worm wheel 503, which is coupled to the take-up motor 501 through the worm 502, so that the rotation of the take-up motor 501 can be selectively input to the pawl bracket 505.
  • the internal toothed disc 506 and the pawl assembly constitute a one-way system. That is, when the rewinding motor 501 drives the worm wheel 503 to rotate in the counterclockwise direction shown in FIG. 16A, the pawl bracket 505 also rotates in the counterclockwise direction in FIG. 16A, the pawl 504 Engaging with the ratchet 5601 of the internal toothed disc 506, thereby causing the internal toothed disc 506 to rotate, and the rotation of the internal distorted disc 506, in turn, causes the reel 510 to rotate, thereby rewinding the webbing of the webbing.
  • the above-described member is rotatably mounted on the retractor housing 511, the end of the reel 510 is extended from the retractor housing 511, and the code disc 509 is non-rotatably fixed to the extended portion of the end of the reel 510. on.
  • the code wheel 509 is, for example, arranged in the circumferential direction with a plurality of magnets to sense the rotation of the code wheel 509 by the Hall effect, and thereby sense the rotation of the reel 510.
  • the code wheel 509 may form a plurality of slits in the circumferential direction, and a light emitter and a light receiver (not shown) are disposed across the code wheel 509, thereby optically sensing The rotation of the code wheel (reel).
  • the lock 508 is arranged to selectively engage the external toothed disc 507 under the control of a controller (not shown).
  • a controller not shown
  • the present invention is not limited to the outer ring gear 507, but a structure of various lock members such as an inner ring gear and a friction wheel can be employed.
  • the lock 508 may, for example, comprise an electromagnet, and under the control of the controller, the armature of the electromagnet 508 may extend to engage the teeth 5071 of the external toothed disc 507 (see Fig. 17B), thereby preventing external teeth. The rotation of the disk 507, and in turn, prevents the rotation of the spool 510.
  • the lock 508 is not limited to the electromagnet 508, but may include a motor, a lever, a steering gear, and the like.
  • the motor can be rotated a predetermined angle under the control of the controller to cause the stop mechanism to engage the tooth 5071 to prevent rotation of the spool.
  • the present invention is not limited to the mechanisms listed above as examples, but may include various mechanisms for selectively engaging the teeth of the outer toothed disc 507.
  • the controller when the seat belt buckle is inserted, the controller receives the buckled signal, or at the same time the controller collects the vehicle to start traveling, thereby instructing the take-up motor 501 to work to tighten the webbing. And after the webbing is tightened, the retracting motor 501 is de-energized, so that the webbing is slightly relaxed by the restoring force of the occupant's body and clothes, at which time the length is measured and taken as the above-described tensioning length. As shown in Figs.
  • the winding motor 501 operates only at the beginning, and only serves to initially tighten the seat belt.
  • the measurement of the tightening length includes a delay time, that is, after the controller receives the belt buckled signal, the tension length is measured after a certain delay time.
  • the delay time is in the range of 1 to 120 seconds, and preferably 3 to 5 seconds.
  • This tensioning length can be measured by a code wheel 509 provided at the end of the reel 510.
  • the webbing of the seat belt is pulled out again by a certain distance due to an action such as swinging of the body of the person wearing the seat belt.
  • the rewinding motor 501 has been powered off, so the ribbon that is pulled out
  • the coil spring (not shown) of the retractor is rewinded, through which the controller calculates the length of the webbing, and when the length of the webbing is equal to the tensioning length plus the margin, the controller triggers the lock
  • the length of the webbing at this time is the tensioning length plus the margin, and similarly, the margin may be in the range of 5-180 mm, and is for example equal to 10 Up to 20 mm.
  • the controller When the vehicle is braking or decelerating, the controller receives a signal indicating that the vehicle is in emergency braking. At this time, the controller sends a control signal to the electromagnet 508, so that the armature of the electromagnet 508 is retracted.
  • the position shown in Fig. 17A is to release the engagement of the lock 508 with the outer spur 507, thereby allowing the outer spur 507 to rotate, i.e., the lock of the reel 510 is released at this time, whereby the reel is Rewinding under the action of a coil spring (not shown), the webbing of the seat belt is tightened.
  • the triggering of the first and second relays is controlled by the controller, and the response time of the seat belt can be improved as compared with the inertia weight used in the prior art;
  • the controller can automatically set an appropriate belt pull-out length that does not give a sense of pressure to the person, and this length can be automatically re-targeted for different people. Settings.
  • the force limiter including the sleeve portion and the plug portion
  • the threshold of the seat belt release can be adjusted as needed, and the sleeve portion and the plug portion are formed as compared with the conventional integrally formed metal torsion bar.
  • the force limiter can cause the force curve to rise gently and can continue to gradually increase the force threshold after starting to release the seat belt, that is, after starting the relative rotation between the sleeve portion and the plug portion (see FIG. 18B).
  • the smart seat belt according to the present invention may have a memory function, that is, a seat belt pull-out length suitable for a different person can be stored, thereby when the person rides again, for example, by pressing a button, using The special ignition key is used to ignite or open the door, through the touch screen input options, etc., the controller can call out the length of the seat belt that is stored for it and automatically control the seat belt to the corresponding pull-out length when the belt buckle is fastened. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to the details of the invention described herein.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于交通工具的智能安全带、限力器及卷收器，智能安全带包括：织带（71）、锁止装置（100）、卷收器（50）和控制器，所述控制器被构造成在所述织带（71）被拉出智能预测的拉出长度时自动阻止织带（71）被回收卷簧（53）回收；在车辆突然减速或者织带（71）要被快速拉出时释放所述锁止装置（100）的锁止并允许所述织带（71）被所述卷收器（50）拉紧，所述卷收器（50）包括卷轴（52）、锁定机构和设置在所述卷轴（52）和所述锁定机构之间的限力器，所述限力器包括第一部分、第二部分和偏压装置，所述偏压装置使所述第一部分和第二部分相互压紧，以借助于二者之间的摩擦力相互保持固定并在二者之间的作用力超过预定阈值时开始相对转动。所述摩擦力随着所述第一部分和第二部分之间的相对转动而不断增大，智能获得更安全的织带受力曲线。

Description

交通运输工具用智能安全带、限力器及卷收器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于交通工具的智能安全带、限制织带回收的限力器以及包括该限力器的卷收器，所述智能安全带供驾乘者舒服使用，并且在出现风险及至碰撞发生等不同状况下，为驾乘者提供全方位、有效且可靠的解决方案。
背景技术
安全带是交通运输工具必备的一项安全设备，安全带可以在例如车辆碰撞时拉住车辆内的人员(包括驾驶员和乘客)，以防止该人员由于惯性向前冲、翻转等而与前方的物体碰撞，并从而避免人员受伤。
但是，传统的安全带存在一个问题，即，在扣好安全带之后，安全带的织带会压在佩戴者的身体上，从而对佩戴者产生压迫感，这种不适的感觉导致很多人不喜欢佩戴安全带。并且在极端情况下，为了应付对系安全带的强制检查，一些人采用强行改变安全带的部分功能的方式将织带松弛地系在身上，例如，将织带用刚性物体别在机动车的车体上使之无法抽回来使身体无压迫感，这样的做法使得安全带丧失了其保护作用。
为了解决这个问题，在本申请人的PCT申请WO2014/169452A1中公开了一种安全带，该在先申请的全部内容通过引用结合于此。该安全带中设置有调节装置，以便在正常驾驶过程中，卡止安全带以防止其过分回收，由此使得安全带在对身体无压迫感的情况下扣紧。另外，在出现诸如车辆碰撞的紧急情况下，该卡止被自动释放，使得安全带能够被回收，从而拉住安全带佩戴者，起到安全作用。在WO2014/169452A1中，该调节装置包括具有棘齿的辊轴；选择性地与所述棘齿啮合从而锁止所述辊轴的棘爪；与所述辊轴相对应的加压体，该加压体设置成使得安全带的织带位于该辊轴和该加压体之间，并且该加压体包括由第一摆杆和第二摆杆组成的一对支撑摆杆，所述第一和第二摆杆的相邻端部铰接在一起并形成摆杆夹角，所述第一和第二摆杆的一个非相邻端部固定不动，而另一个非相邻端部由于该摆杆夹角的变化而可以朝向或远离所述辊轴移动，并且织带位于该另一个非相邻端部和所述辊轴之间。在第一摆杆和第二摆杆处于180度垂直对齐的状态时，所述另一 非相邻端部最靠近所述辊轴，由此夹住所述织带，防止其被卷收器回收，这对应于正常状态，而在所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆处于180度之外的状态时，所述另一非相邻端部远离所述辊轴，释放所述织带，使得所述织带可以被卷收器回收，这对应于碰撞等紧急情况。为了触发第一摆杆和第二摆杆由此使得第一摆杆和第二摆杆偏离180度摆杆夹角的稳定状态，在第一摆杆和第二摆杆的铰接点上设置有惯性重块，该惯性重块可以例如紧急减速等情况下由于惯性而移动，从而在铰接点处拉动第一摆杆和第二摆杆使之偏离稳定状态，由此释放织带的锁止。由此，织带在卷收器的作用下被拉紧。
但是，由于这种调节装置借助于惯性重物来触动第一摆杆和第二摆杆，因此，在有些情况下，例如，在车辆轻微减速的情况下，惯性重物的响应速度难以满足快速释放织带的锁止的要求；或者，在车辆紧急减速的情况下，由于惯性重物的响应速度慢，使得安全带的织带不能及时收紧。因此，在这种具有调节装置的安全带上仍存在改善的空间。
另外，安全带中通常设置有预紧器，该预紧器连接到激活车辆的安全气囊的中央控制处理器。当车辆遭遇猛烈撞击时，该中央控制处理器激活安全带预紧器，该安全带预紧器例如采用点火高压气体推动活塞方式来拉入安全带，由此迅速拉紧安全带，由此拉住由于惯性而向前冲的人员。
尽管安全带作为一种保护驾驶员和乘客的安全措施，但是，在已有事故统计发现，所有的碰撞事故中，74％为有预兆碰撞，也就是说碰撞发前驾乘人员已采取了制动或降速措施。此时，真正产生碰撞时的速度均在时速50公里以下。但尚有26％为无预兆碰撞，如：对面来车突然冲向逆行，或睡着了失控产生的碰撞，在剧烈撞击中，，安全带会对人员造成严重的伤害，即，在车辆高速行驶过程中遇到剧烈撞击时，乘客惯性速度很大，此时，安全带对人员施加的作用力非常大。安全带施加的这个力会对佩戴安全带的人员造成很大伤害，例如，导致人员的锁骨骨折，甚至导致对内脏的压迫或急速位移伤害进而造成腔内出血致人死亡。
随着技术的不断进步，近年来，为了限制安全带施加过载的力，在安全带的卷收器中设置有负载力限制的轴，该负载限力器通常是由一根可变形的扭杆来实现。该扭杆通常为一根金属杆，该金属杆通常是一体成型的，并且其材料选择成在向其施加足够的作用力时会发生扭曲旋转。扭杆固定于安全带织带的卷轴上，由此，在发生高速撞击的情况下，当巨大的作用力施加在 安全带上时，扭杆发生扭曲变形，从而缓解了织带施加到人体上的力。
但是，这种扭杆由于是金属一体成型的，其扭曲特性是固定的，并且从其作用力分布曲线(见图18A)可以看出，其作用力的升高曲线比较陡峭，并且在发生扭曲变形之前，存在一个作用力峰值，这个峰值仍会对人体造成一定的伤害。因此，需要对安全带负载限制器进行改进。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于解决或缓解现有技术中存在的不足，并且提供了一种智能安全带，该智能安全带可以在正常行驶的情况下阻止安全带的织带过分回收，从而避免织带对安全带佩戴者的压迫感；在交通工具紧急制动等情况下可以快速响应从而允许安全带被卷收器收紧；以及在车辆剧烈撞击等的情况下，可以有效防止安全带的织带的瞬间峰值压力对人体的作用力，使之大大减少对人体造成伤害。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种用于交通工具的智能安全带，该智能安全带包括：织带、锁止装置、卷收器和控制器，其中，所述控制器被构造成接收表示织带被拉出的长度的信号并且在所述织带被拉出预定的拉出长度时控制所述锁止装置以锁止所述织带，防止该织带被所述卷收器回卷；所述控制器还被构造成在车辆突然减速或者织带要被快速拉出时释放所述锁止装置的锁止并允许所述织带被所述卷收器拉紧，其中，所述卷收器包括织带卷绕在其上的卷轴、选择性地锁定卷轴的锁定机构和设置在所述卷轴和所述锁定机构之间的限力器，所述限力器包括第一部分、第二部分和偏压装置，所述偏压装置使所述第一部分和第二部分相互压紧，以借助于二者之间的摩擦力相互保持固定并在二者之间的作用力超过预定阈值是开始相对转动，所述摩擦力根据所述第一部分和所述第二部分之间的相对旋转而不断变化。由此，借助于不断变化的摩擦力，获得柔性的更安全限力曲线，避免瞬间峰值冲击性压力对人体的伤害。
在一个具体的实施方式中，所述锁止装置包括框架、安装在所述框架内的长度测量机构、辊轴组件和加压组件。
优选地是，所述长度测量机构包括一对相对设置的辊轴，在所述辊轴之间形成辊隙，所述织带从所述辊隙通过并带动所述辊轴旋转；还包括感测其中一个辊轴的旋转的传感器。
优选地是，所述传感器为包括发射器和接收器的光传感器。
优选地是，所述其中一个辊轴上设置有码盘，所述码盘上沿圆周方向均匀设置多个狭缝，所述发射器和所述接收器设置在所述码盘的相对两侧。
优选地是，所述辊轴组件包括其上设置有棘齿的辊轴、选择性与所述棘齿啮合的棘爪、将所述棘爪朝向与所述棘齿啮合的位置偏压的棘爪弹簧、接触座和第一继电器，所述第一继电器在未被触发时阻止所述棘爪被所述棘爪弹簧偏压而与所述棘齿啮合，并且在被触发时允许所述棘爪在所述棘爪弹簧的作用下啮合所述辊轴上的棘齿。
优选地是，所述辊轴还包括沿轴向方向设置在所述棘齿两侧的摩擦表面。
优选地是，所述加压组件包括保持架、第一摆杆、第二摆杆、压块和第二继电器，所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆在一端铰接，并且第一摆杆的另一端铰接在保持架上，而第二摆杆的另一端与所述压块相连接，所述第二继电器设置在所述保持架上使得所述第二继电器的电枢抵靠所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆的铰接端。
优选地是，所述加压组件还包括弹簧，所述弹簧偏压所述第一摆杆或第二摆杆使得所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆处于成一条直线的稳定状态。
优选地是，所述压块和所述辊轴相对设置并在所述辊轴的摩擦表面和所述压块之间形成间隙，使得所述织带在所述间隙内穿过。
优选地是，所述控制器被进一步构造成接收表示所述安全带的带扣被扣合的信号。
优选地是，所述控制器被进一步构造成在接收到表示所述安全带的带扣被扣合的信号之后基于所述长度测量机构的信号计算所述安全带的拉紧长度，并且在所述安全带被再次拉出一定长度并再次回卷之后，在所述安全带的拉出长度等于所述拉紧长度加上余量时，触发所述第一继电器，从而阻止安全带被进一步回卷，所述一定长度大于所述拉紧长度加上所述余量。
优选地是，所述控制器被进一步构造成接收表示车辆的运行状态的信号。所述表示车辆的运行状态的信号来自于例如为加速度传感器、陀螺仪的传感器或者来自于车辆本身的ECU。
优选地是，所述控制器被进一步构造成在接收到表示车辆减速的信号时，所述控制器向第二继电器发出信号以触发所述第二继电器，使得所述第 一摆杆和第二摆杆克服所述弹簧的偏压力而偏离稳定状态，从而将所述压块缩回。
优选地是，所述限力器的所述第一部件是套筒部分，而所述限力器的所述第二部件是可插入所述套筒部分的一端的插塞部分，所述插塞部分的插入所述套筒部分内的部分形成有锥度，由此所述套筒部分的内圆周表面与所述插塞部分的外圆轴表面摩擦接合。
优选地是，所述套筒部分的与所述插塞部分插入的端部相对的端部形成有花键，以与所述卷轴和所述锁定机构中的一个相啮合，而所述插塞部分的与插入所述套筒部分的端部相对的端部形成有花键，以与所述卷轴和所述锁定机构中的另一个相啮合。
优选地是，所述限力器还包括调整弹簧，所述调整弹簧设置在所述套筒部分的内腔中，并将所述插塞部分偏压向所述套筒部分。
优选地是，所述限力器还包括调整杆和挡片，所述套筒部分内腔设置有轴档部分，所述调整弹簧设置在所述轴档部分和所述挡片之间，并且所述调整杆将所述挡片和所述插塞部分相连接。
优选地是，所述挡片和所述插塞部分设置有内螺纹孔，所述调整杆为带有外螺纹的螺杆，所述螺杆与所述挡片和所述插塞部分螺纹连接。
在本发明中，通过控制器来控制第一和第二继电器的触发，与先前技术中使用的惯性重块相比，可以提高安全带的响应时间；在本发明中，通过包括长度测量机构来测量安全带的拉紧长度，控制器可以自动设定对人员不产生压力感的适当的安全带拉出长度，并且这个长度可以针对不同的人员自动重新设置。在本发明中，通过包括套筒部分和插塞部分的限力器，可以按照需要调节安全带释放的阈值，并且与传统的一体成形的金属扭杆相比，套筒部分和插塞部分构成的限力器可以使得作用力曲线平缓上升并且可以在开始释放安全带之后，即在套筒部分和插塞部分之间开始相对转动之后，继续沿理性设计的曲线逐渐升高该作用力阈值，从而一方面缓解了安全带织带对人体的压力，另一方面可以及时拉住人体而防止其与前方物体撞击，达到了更好的安全性。
附图说明
本发明的上述和其他特征、优点和技术优越性可以通过下面参照附图对 本发明的优选实施方式的详细描述中理解到，图中：
图1是示出现有技术中的安全带调节装置的侧视图；
图2和图3分别是示出现有技术中的安全带调节装置的加压体的不同状态的视图；
图4是示出根据本发明的优选实施方式的智能安全带的分解透视图；
图5A和5B是从不同角度示出根据本发明的优选实施方式的智能安全带的锁止装置中包括的辊轴组件的透视图；
图6示出了所述辊轴组件中包括的辊轴的透视图；
图7A和图7B从不同视角示出了包括在该辊轴组件中的接触座的透视图；
图8A至图8C示出了辊轴组件的三种不同工作状态的视图；
图9示出了根据本发明的优选实施方式的智能安全带中的锁止装置的侧视图；
图10A和10B分别示出所述锁止装置中包括的加压组件的两个状态的视图；
图11是示出长度测量机构的视图；
图12是示出了根据本发明的优选实施方式的智能安全带中包括的卷收器的卷轴和限力器的分解透视图；
图13A示出了所述限力器的未预紧状态；
图13B示出所述限力器的预紧状态；
图14示出了根据本发明的优选实施方式的智能安全带中的控制器的示意性方块图；
图15示出了根据本发明的第二实施方式的智能安全带的分解图；
图16A和16B示出了回卷电机和卷轴之间的单向系统的视图；
图17A和17B示出了包括在图15所示的智能安全带中的锁止装置的操作示意图；以及
图18A和18B是示出传统限力器和根据本发明的优选实施方式的限力器的作用力曲线图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，首先，参照图1至图3简要描述在上述在先申请 中公开的安全带调节装置。其中，图1是现有技术中的安全带调节装置的侧视图，而图2和图3分别是示出加压体的不同状态的视图。
如图1所示，调节装置包括加压体1和辊轴2，其中，加压体1包括压块37，并且加压体1相对于辊轴2设置，使得在加压体的压块37和辊轴2之间形成辊隙，而安全带的织带3穿过该辊隙。辊轴2沿着其轴向的一部分形成由棘齿，以便选择性与棘爪啮合，从而阻止辊轴2在图中的逆时针方向上转动。结合图2和图3，加压体1还包括第一摆杆33和第二摆杆35，其中第一摆杆和第二摆杆在它们的相邻端部处彼此铰接，而第一摆杆33的非相邻端部固定在加压体的框架上，第二摆杆35的非相邻端部与压块37相连接。再参照图1，惯性重块21设置在第一摆杆33和第二摆杆35的铰接轴上。
另外，加压体1还包括触发器11，该触发器包括借助于弹簧抵靠在织带3上的滚轮12。在安全带的织带拉出过多的情况下，触发器11在弹簧的带动下沿图1中的顺时针方向向下转动，由此，通过连杆状结构(未示出)推动惯性重块21而带动摆杆铰接点的移动，使得第一摆杆33和第二摆杆35偏离彼此成180度的稳定状态，使得压块37回缩，由此，压块37和辊轮2支架的辊隙增大，允许织带被卷收器收紧。在织带被基本上收紧时，触发器11被织带沿相反方向(图中的逆时针方向)推动，第一摆杆33和第二摆杆35借助于弹簧的力恢复到稳定状态，使得压块伸出而使得辊隙减小。同时由于织带被卷收器收回，借助于织带对辊轴摩擦力，辊轴与棘爪啮合，从而阻止辊轴旋转。在二者的作用下，织带被卡持而不能进一步回收。这样织带不会对佩戴者的身体造成过大压迫感。
在遇到碰撞等情况时，参照图3，惯性重块21在惯性作用下移动，由此拉动第一摆杆33和第二摆杆35的铰接点，使得第一和第二摆杆偏离稳定状态，并使得压块37回缩。由此先前夹紧织带的辊隙增大，由此织带可以被卷收器迅速收回，拉紧佩戴者的身体。
但是，由于第一摆杆和第二摆杆的失稳借助于惯性重块来实现，在一些情况下，存在响应慢的缺陷。
为了克服上述缺陷，在本发明中，提出了一种智能安全带，下面借助于附图详细描述根据本发明的智能安全带的实施方式。
在描述本发明之前，要指出的是，尽管本发明是参照安全带和车辆或交通工具加以描述的，但是本发明并不局限于此。如在此使用的，车辆或交通 工具泛指用于运载人和/或货物的各种运载或交通工具，包括但不局限于陆地上运行的车辆，如汽车、卡车、履带车辆、三轮车等；水面上或水面下行进的各种工具，如船舶、潜水艇等；以及各种航空和航天工具，如各种飞行器、航天飞机、载人飞船、货运飞船等。并且，如在此使用的，安全带仅仅是本发明能够应用的场合的一个示例，而本发明同样可以应用于各种细长链、条或带状物，因此，本发明并不局限于安全带。
参照图4，图4示出了根据本发明的实施方式的智能安全带的分解透视图，该智能安全带总体上包括锁止装置100、卷收器200和控制器(图中未示出)。下面参照附图对智能安全带的各个部分一一做出描述。
I.锁止装置
锁止装置包括框架(未示出)、安装在该框架内的长度测量机构20、辊轴组件30和加压组件40。
现在参照图5A至图8C描述辊轴组件30。其中，图5A和5B示出了辊轴组件的透视图；图6示出了辊轴组件中包括的辊轴的透视图，图7A和7B示出辊轴组件中的接触座的透视图，而图8A至图8C示出了辊轴组件的三种不同工作状态。
如图5A和5B所示，辊轴组件30主要包括辊轴31、支架32、棘爪33、棘爪扭簧34、接触座36和第一继电器37。如图6所示，辊轴31沿轴向方向基本上包括三个部分，即，位于中间的棘齿3101和分别位于棘齿两侧的摩擦性表面(图6中未示出)，该摩擦性表面可以一体形成在辊轴上，或者可以形成为单独的套筒状元件并套在辊轴的外圆轴上。辊轴31可绕其轴线旋转地安装在支架32上，并且支架32的一端可枢转地连接在接触座36上(如图7A和7B所示)。织带可以沿着所述辊轴表面滑动，并带动所述辊轴旋转。
如图7A和7B所示，接触座36在位于辊轴下侧与辊轴上的棘齿3101相对应的位置设置有棘齿3601，该棘齿3601可以与辊轴的棘齿3101啮合，由此阻止辊轴31转动。另外，在接触座36的两侧分别形成有支片3602和压片3603，该支片3602和压片3603中的一个可选择地与从支架32的两端向外伸出的凸片接合(如下面详细描述的)。
再次参照图5A和5B，棘爪33设置在辊轴的上方，并可以绕其一端枢转。棘爪33通过轴321安装在接触座36上，并且在该轴321上安装有棘爪 弹簧34，该棘爪弹簧34设置成将棘爪33朝向与辊轴31的棘齿3101啮合的位置偏压。在棘爪的枢转端，形成有凸轮面，第一继电器37安装在该凸轮面的下方，且该第一继电器37包括电枢弹簧3701，以在第一继电器37未触发时将电枢3701保持在伸出位置，从而电枢3702可以抵靠该凸轮面，从而防止棘爪33下落。
参照图8A至8C，示出了第一继电器37操纵棘爪33的三个不同状态。在图8A中，示出了棘爪锁止状态，在该状态下，第一继电器37未被触发，棘爪33被第一继电器37的电枢3702锁止，而不能被棘爪弹簧34下压。但是此时由于安全带的织带被向外拉出，辊轴逆时针旋转，并被织带向上拉动，由此，辊轴31的棘齿3101可以与棘爪33啮合，此时，辊轴31被棘爪33拉住而不能下落，由此，不会阻止安全带的织带被拉出；在图8B中，示出了辊轴锁止状态，在该状态下，第一继电器37被触发，由此，第一继电器37的电枢3702被缩回，释放了对棘爪33的锁止，棘爪33在棘爪弹簧34的作用下下落而与辊轴31的棘齿3101啮合。此时辊轴由于织带71被卷收器回收的力向下压，从而使得辊轴31的棘齿3101与接触座36的棘齿3601啮合，此时，在棘爪33和接触座36的棘齿3601的同时作用下，辊轴不能旋转；在图8C中，示出了空转状态，此时，第一继电器37被触发，由此第一继电器37的电枢3702离开棘爪33的凸轮面，释放棘爪33，但是此时，由于压块收回(见下面的详细描述)，辊轴31借助于支片3602对支架的凸片的作用力而向上弹起，由此辊轴31的棘齿3101与接触座的的棘齿脱开，由此，辊轴可以自由转动。
现在结合图4和图9-10B描述根据本发明的加压组件40，其中，图9示出了根据本发明的锁止装置的侧视图，图10A和10B分别示出加压组件40的两个状态。加压组件40基本上包括第一摆杆41和第二摆杆42、压块43、弹簧44以及第二继电器45。如图10A和10B所示，第一摆杆41的第二端和第二摆杆42的第一端彼此铰接，并且第一摆杆41的第一端(未与第二摆杆的第一端铰接的一端)铰接在保持架46上，而第二摆杆42的第二端与压块43的一端铰接，由此第一摆杆41和第二摆杆42在它们的铰接端的相对枢转可以转换成压块43的伸出或缩回运动。另外，设置了弹簧44，如图10中所示，该弹簧32处于压缩状态，由此推动第一和第二摆杆41和42使得它们处于彼此成直线(180度)的状态，即，稳定状态，参见图10B。 当然，也可以采用其他类型的弹簧，如扭转弹簧或拉伸弹簧，本发明并不局限于此。
第二继电器45也固定在保持架46上，并且第二继电器45的电枢端部抵靠所述第一摆杆41和第二摆杆42的铰接端。由此，第二继电器45在被触发时，其电枢推动第一摆杆41和第二摆杆42的铰接端，使得第一摆杆和第二摆杆偏离稳定状态(见图10A)，并由此使得压块43缩回。
现在参照图9和图11描述长度测量机构20。图11示出长度测量机构20的透视图。该长度测量机构20包括辊轴21；与该辊轴21相对设置以与辊轴21形成辊隙的相对辊22，其中安全带的织带穿过该辊隙；设置在辊轴21一端的感测部分23，以用于感测经过辊隙的织带的长度。该感测部分23包括设置在辊轴21的一端的码盘231，该码盘上沿圆周方向均匀地设置有多个径向狭缝，光学传感器232跨过该码盘231设置，该光学传感器232包括发射器和接收器，发射器和接收器分别设置在码盘的相对两侧，由此，在码盘231上的径向狭缝通过光学传感器时，接收器可以接收到从发射器发出的光。通过光学传感器，可以计数通过的狭缝数，并由此可以推导出辊轴21旋转量，并进而计算出通过辊隙的织带的长度。
尽管在上面的描述中采用了光学传感器，但是，本领域技术人员可以构想到其他类型的传感器，以实现相同的功能，如霍尔传感器等。
如图9所示，辊轴组件30和加压组件40安装在框架内，使得辊轴组件30的辊轴31和加压组件的压块43相对并在二者之间形成间隙，安全带的织带从该间隙内穿过。并且在辊轴组件被锁止且压块43被伸出时，该间隙缩小，由此锁止安全带的织带71使之不能被卷收器收回。
II.卷收器
如图4所示，卷收器50基本上包括外壳51、卷轴52、扭簧53和限力器54。安全带的织带71可以固定连接到该卷轴52上，并且卷轴52被卷簧53施加力，由此将织带71回收而缠绕在卷轴52上。卷轴52的一端设置有棘齿，并且卷收器50的外壳51上设置有棘爪，在车辆突然减速或者安全带的织带将被快速拉出的情况下，棘爪依靠凸轮作用而与卷轴52上的棘齿啮合，从而阻止卷轴52旋转，并进而阻止织带被拉出。上述机构与现有技术中目前使用的卷收器相同，因此不再详细描述。
另外，该卷收器50还包括预紧器55，在车辆碰撞的情况下，该预紧器55可以被触发，由此，带动卷轴快速回卷织带。优选地是，在带扣位置还包括另一预紧器(未示出)，或称为卡扣预紧器，该另一预紧器与上述预紧器55同时被触发，以使得织带被更加快速地回卷。
下面参照图12至图13B描述根据本发明的限力器54，其中，图12示出了卷轴和限力器的分解透视图，图13A和图13B分别示出了限力器的未预紧状态和预紧状态。
如图12所示，限力器54设置在卷轴内。限力器54包括套筒部分541、插塞部分542、挡片543、调整弹簧544和调整杆545。套筒部分541的一端设置有轴颈部分，在该轴颈部分的端部设置有花键5411，套筒部分541的剩余部分设置有空腔部分，该空腔部分通过径向向内延伸的轴档部分5415分成两个部分，即，开有窗口5412的弹簧容纳空腔5413和容纳插塞部分542的插塞容纳空腔5414。调整弹簧544和挡片543可以通过窗口5412插入到弹簧容纳空腔5413内。插塞部分542包括在一端的花键部分5421和在另一端的插塞5422，该插塞5422形成有锥度，该锥度例如在1∶20到1∶80的范围内，并例如为1∶50的锥度，并且插塞部分沿轴线方向设置有螺纹孔5423。挡片543同样在中心形成有螺纹孔。
如图13A和13B所示，在组装时，调整弹簧544和挡片543可以通过窗口插入到弹簧容纳空腔5413内，且插塞部分542的插塞5422插入到插塞容纳空腔5414中，并且插塞5422的形成有锥度的外圆周表面与插塞容纳空腔5414的内圆周表面接触。调整杆545为带有外螺纹的螺杆，该调整杆545穿过插塞部分542、调整弹簧544和挡片543，并与插塞部分542的螺纹孔以及挡片543的螺纹孔，由此将调整弹簧544夹在挡片543和轴档部分5415之间。通过调节调整杆545，调整弹簧544被压缩，由此将插塞部分542沿着轴向方向向内拉(参见图13B)，调节插塞部分和套筒部分之间的压紧力，由此调节插塞部分和套筒部分之间的静摩擦力。
套筒部分541和插塞部分542可以由相同或不同的金属材料制成，例如，套筒部分541和插塞部分542可以由不锈钢、钛、铝等制成。且在套筒部分541的要与插塞542摩擦接合的部分可以设置有铜套(未标识)。但是不发明并不局限于此，套筒部分和插塞部分也可以由其他材料形成，并且也可以省略该铜套。
限力器通过套筒部分的端部上设置的花键5411与卷轴52相啮合，由此相对于卷轴不可旋转，另外通过插塞部分上的花键与卷收器的锁定机构相连接。由此，在轻度事故中，限力器的套筒部分和插塞部分由于二者之间的摩擦力而不会相对转动，但是，在非常大的作用力作用在安全带的织带上时，例如，在高速剧烈撞击的情况下，套筒部分和插塞部分将相对转动，由此释放出一部分织带，缓解织带作用于人员上的力。
III.控制器
本发明的智能安全带还包括控制器，以控制第一继电器和第二继电器的动作。
如图14所示，该控制器可以接收织带长度测量机构20的信号、安全带插扣的信号以及用于测量车辆的运行状态的信号，并输出控制信号以控制第一和第二继电器37和45。
具体地说，控制器可以接收织带长度测量机构20的信号，以计算当前的织带长度，并且接收安全带插扣的信号以确定安全带插扣是否扣上或者松开，并且控制器还接收表示车辆的运行状态的传感器的信号，该传感器是三轴传感器(XYZ)，例如是加速度传感器、陀螺仪等，或者该信号直接来自于车辆的ECU，由此控制器可以确定车辆处于减速状态、高速碰撞状态等。
该控制器可以是单独的控制器或者可以集成在车辆中现有的控制器中，例如用于控制安全气囊的控制器中。所述感测车辆运行状态的传感器可以是单独的传感器或者可以是车辆现有的传感器，例如，安全气囊中使用的传感器等，本发明并不局限于此。
IV.智能安全带的操作
下面，详细描述根据本发明的智能安全带的操作方式。
在人员进入车辆内，并扣好安全带时，安全带插扣发出安全带扣好的信号，并且这个信号被控制器接收。在拉出织带的过程中，同时参照图8A所示，第一电磁铁37未触发，由此第一电磁铁37的电枢3702抵靠棘爪33的凸轮面，防止棘爪33下落，并通过棘爪33拉住辊轴31，防止辊轴31下落。
此时，安全带在卷收器的作用下回卷并拉紧，此时，控制器基于从安全带长度测量机构20接收的信号而计算出在拉紧状态下安全带的织带的长度，下面称为拉紧长度。例如，该长度可以通过拉出长度减去回卷的长度来得出。优选的是，该拉紧长度的测量可以包括一定延迟时间，例如，在收到安全带扣好的信号之后，控制器在一定延迟时间之后确定该拉紧长度，以避免在佩戴安全带的人员未正确就位时进行测量。该延迟时间例如在1到120秒的范围内，并优选地可以在3到5秒之间。
在例如由于人员前后动作而安全带被再次拉出一定长度之后，安全带再次回卷，并且，控制器接收安全带长度测量机构20的信号，并且实时计算安全带的长度，当安全带的长度等于拉紧长度加上一个余量时，控制器向第一继电器发出触发信号，由此第一继电器37触发，使得第一继电器37的电枢3702缩回，由此释放了棘爪。此时，棘爪33与棘齿3101啮合，阻止辊轴旋转。并且此时由于第二继电器未触发，压块处于伸出状态。随着安全带被卷收器施加回卷的力，辊轴在不旋转的状态下被安全带下压，由此辊轴上的棘齿3101进一步与接触座上的棘齿啮合，并且辊轴与压块之间的间隙缩小将安全带织带卡止，使之不能回卷(同时参见图8A)。此时，安全带的长度为拉紧长度加上一个余量，以下称为拉出长度，即拉出长度等于拉紧长度加上余量，该余量可以在5-180毫米的范围内，例如可以为10-20毫米。要指出的是，在辊轴下落过程中，支架32与辊轴31同时下落，并且支架32的凸片与支片3601接触并下压支片3602使之变形。
在车辆紧急制动或减速时，控制器接收到传感器的表示车辆紧急制动的信号，此时，控制器向第二继电器发出触发信号，使得第二继电器被触发，此时第二继电器的电枢推动第一摆杆41和第二摆杆42之间的铰接端，使得第一摆杆和第二摆杆脱离稳定状态，由此压块缩回，使得压块和辊轴之间的间隙扩大，此时，变形的支片3602在自身弹性作用下恢复其形状并同时通过支架32将辊轴31向上推，进一步扩大了辊轴和压块之间的距离。要指出的是，压片3602限制辊轴31向上被推动的位置。在卷收器的作用下，安全带的织带被回卷并拉住，此时辊轴组件的状态如图8C所示，此时辊轴空转。
在高速撞击的情况下，在预紧器55和位于带扣处的另一预紧器(未示出)的作用下，安全带被快速拉紧，此时人员的惯性对安全带的织带施加向外拉动的力，同时，作为反作用力，安全带的织带对人员施加压力。当对安 全带施加的作用力超过一定阈值时，限力器的套筒部分和活塞部分开始相对转动，并且缓慢释放安全带，并且随着套筒部分和活塞部分的相对转动，限力器内的调整弹簧被进一步压缩，使得套筒部分和活塞部分之间的压力增大，逐渐增大二者之间的摩擦力，也就使得作用力阈值逐渐增大。从而，安全带被缓慢释放并最终拉紧，从而缓冲了安全带的织带对人员的压力，并同时达到了拉住人员防止其与前方的物体撞击的安全作用。参见图18B，图18B示出了作用力随时间的变化曲线，从该曲线可以看出，作用力平滑上升并在达到阈值之后仍可以缓慢增大。并且，通过限力器的材料和预紧压力的选择，可以使得该作用力曲线按照事先规划的曲线进行。
V.智能安全带的第二实施方式
下面，参照图15至17B，描述根据本发明的第二实施方式的智能安全带。在该第二实施方式中，锁止装置设置在卷收器内。
具体地说，如图15所示，卷收器包括卷轴510，如上面所述的限力器设置在所述卷轴510内，所述卷轴510的一端设置有花键，在所述花键上不可旋转地设置有外齿盘507和内齿盘506，所述外齿盘507的外圆周设置有齿5071，所述齿5071选择性与下面描述的锁止器508啮合。所述内齿盘506的内圆周设置有棘齿5061，在所述内齿盘506的圆周内侧同轴地设置有棘爪组件，该棘爪组件包括棘爪支架505和安装在棘爪支架上沿圆周方向均匀间隔开的多个棘爪504，使得所述多个棘爪可以在一个方向上与所述内齿盘506的棘齿啮合。
棘爪支架505同轴地固定在蜗轮503上，该蜗轮503通过蜗杆502与卷收电机501连接，使得卷收电机501的旋转可以选择性输入到棘爪支架505。
如图16A和16B所示，所述内齿盘506和所述棘爪组件构成单向系统。即，在所述回卷电机501驱动所述蜗轮503沿着图16A所示的逆时针方向旋转时，所述棘爪支架505也沿着图16A中的逆时针方向旋转，所述棘爪504与所述内齿盘506的棘齿5601啮合，由此，带动所述内齿盘506旋转，所述内齿盘506的旋转进而带动卷轴510旋转，从而回卷所述安全带的织带。而在卷轴510被卷簧等转动时，内齿盘506随着卷轴510旋转，但是，此时，内齿盘506的旋转使得棘爪504与所述棘齿5601脱开，由此卷轴510的旋转不能传递到回卷电机501。
另外，上述元件可旋转地安装在卷收器外壳511上，卷轴510的端部从该卷收器外壳511伸出，并且码盘509不可旋转地固定在该卷轴510的端部的伸出部分上。该码盘509例如沿圆周方向布置有多个磁铁，以便通过霍尔效应感测码盘509的旋转，并由此感测卷轴510的旋转。但是，可替代的是，所述码盘509可以沿圆周方向形成多个狭缝，并且跨过所述码盘509设置有光发射器和光接收器(未示出)，由此光学地感测所述码盘(卷轴)的旋转。
如上面已经指出的，锁止器508设置成在控制器(未示出)的控制下可选择地与所述外齿盘507啮合。但是本发明并不局限于外齿盘507，而是可以采用内齿盘、摩擦轮等各种被锁止件的结构。该锁止器508可以例如包括电磁铁，并且在控制器的控制下，电磁铁508的电枢可伸出而与所述外齿盘507的齿5071啮合(见图17B)，从而阻止外齿盘507的旋转，并进而阻止卷轴510的旋转。但是，该锁止器508并不局限于电磁铁508，而是也可以包括电机、杠杆、舵机等。例如，电机可以在控制器的控制下旋转预定角度，从而带动限位机构与所述齿5071啮合，而阻止卷轴的旋转。因此，本发明并不局限于上面作为示例列出的机构，而是可以包括各种选择性啮合外齿盘507的齿的机构。
下面，参照图15至图17B描述智能安全带的第二实施方式的操作方式。
如上面描述的，在安全带带扣被插入时，控制器接收到带扣被扣好的信号，或同时控制器采集到车辆开始行驶时，由此指令卷收电机501工作而将织带拉紧，并且在织带被拉紧之后，卷收电机501断电，使得借助于驾乘者的身体和衣物的恢复力，导致织带稍微放松，此时，该长度被测量，并作为上述拉紧长度。如图16A和16B所示，由于内齿盘506、棘爪504和蜗轮503构成单向离合机构，也就是说，转动只能够从卷收电机501向卷轴510传递，而不能反向传递。因此，卷收电机501仅在最开始时工作，仅起到最初拉紧安全带的作用。
类似地，该拉紧长度的测量包括延迟时间，即，在控制器接收到安全带被扣好的信号之后，在一定延迟时间后测量拉紧长度。例如，该延迟时间在1到120秒的范围内，并优选地为3至5秒。该拉紧长度可以通过设置在所述卷轴510的端部的码盘509测量。
此后，由于佩戴安全带的人员的身体的例如摆动等动作，安全带的织带被再次拉出一定距离。此时，回卷电机501已经被断电，因此被拉出的织带 被卷收器的卷簧(未示出)回卷，通过所述码盘509，控制器计算织带的长度，并且在织带的长度等于拉紧长度加上余量时，控制器触发所述锁紧器508，例如，构成所述锁紧器508的电磁铁被供能，由此电磁铁508的电枢从图17A所示的缩回状态变化到图17B所示的伸出状态，由此啮合所述外齿盘507的齿5071，阻止所述卷轴510进一步回卷织带。在此时，如在上述实施方式中所描述的，此时织带的长度为所述拉紧长度加上余量，类似地，该余量可以在5-180毫米的范围内，并例如等于10至20毫米。
在车辆紧急制动或减速时，控制器接收到传感器的表示车辆紧急制动的信号，此时，控制器向所述电磁铁508发出控制信号，使得所述电磁铁508的电枢缩回到图17A所示的位置，以释放所述锁止器508与所述外齿盘507的啮合，由此允许外齿盘507旋转，即，此时卷轴510的锁止被释放，由此卷轴在卷簧(未示出)的作用下回卷，将安全带的织带收紧。
根据该第二实施方式的智能安全带的其他操作与上面实施方式的智能安全带的操作相同，为此不再详细描述。
V.本发明的益处
从上面的描述可以看出，在本发明中，通过控制器来控制第一和第二继电器的触发，与先前技术中使用的惯性重块相比，可以提高安全带的响应时间；
在本发明中，通过包括长度测量机构来测量安全带的拉紧长度，控制器可以自动设定对人员不产生压力感的适当的安全带拉出长度，并且这个长度可以针对不同的人员自动重新设置。
在本发明中，通过包括套筒部分和插塞部分的限力器，可以按照需要调节安全带释放的阈值，并且与传统的一体成形的金属扭杆相比，套筒部分和插塞部分构成的限力器可以使得作用力曲线平缓上升并且可以在开始释放安全带之后，即在套筒部分和插塞部分之间开始相对转动之后，继续逐渐升高该作用力阈值(参见图18B)，从而一方面缓解了安全带织带对人体的压力，另一方面可以及时拉住人体而防止其与前方物体撞击，达到了更好的安全性。
尽管上面对本发明的优选实施方式进行的详细描述，但是鉴于上面的描述，本领域技术人员可以构想到各种改进和变型。例如，在一个实施方式中 被描述的特征或部件可以与在其他实施方式中的特征或部件组合以构成再一实施方式，例如，在第二实施方式中描述的长度测量机构替代第一实施方式中的长度测量机构，并且第一实施方式的锁止装置也可以替代地用在第二实施方式中，或者根据本发明的各实施方式中的锁止装置或长度测量机构或限力器也可以与现有技术中的安全带结合使用，以发挥各自的作用。又例如，根据本发明的智能安全带可以具有记忆功能，即，针对不同的人员可以存储与其相适应的安全带拉出长度，由此，当该人员再次乘坐时，例如通过按下按钮、使用专用点火钥匙点火或打开车门、通过触摸屏输入选项等，控制器可以调出为其存储的安全带拉出长度并在安全带带扣被扣合时将安全带自动控制为相应的拉出长度。因此，本发明不应局限于上述具体的实施方式，本发明的保护范围仅由所附的权利要求及其等价物限定。

Claims (74)

  1. 一种用于交通工具的智能安全带，该智能安全带包括：织带、锁止装置、控制器、限力器和卷收器，
    其中，所述控制器被构造成接收表示织带被拉出的长度的信号并且在所述织带被拉出超出预定的拉出长度并在放开织带而使卷收器卷收织带时控制所述锁止装置在预定的拉出长度锁止所述织带，防止该织带被所述卷收器回卷；
    所述控制器还被构造成在所述交通工具突然减速或者织带要被快速拉出时释放所述锁止装置的锁止并允许所述织带被所述卷收器拉紧，
    其中，所述卷收器包括织带卷绕在其上的卷轴、选择性地锁定卷轴的锁定机构和设置在所述卷轴和所述锁定机构之间的限力器，所述限力器包括第一部分、第二部分和偏压装置，所述偏压装置使所述第一部分和第二部分相互压紧，并借助于二者之间的摩擦力相互保持固定，并且在所述第一部分和所述第二部分之间的作用力超过预定阈值时开始相对转动。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的智能安全带，其中，所述摩擦力随着所述第一部分和所述第二部分之间的相对转动而不断增大。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的智能安全带，其中，所述锁止装置包括框架、长度测量机构、辊轴组件和加压组件。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的智能安全带，其中，所述长度测量机构包括一对相对设置的辊轴，在所述辊轴之间形成辊隙，所述织带从所述辊隙通过并带动所述辊轴旋转；以及感测其中一个辊轴的旋转的传感器。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的智能安全带，其中，所述传感器为包括发射器和接收器的光传感器。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的智能安全带，其中，所述其中一个辊轴上设置有码盘，所述码盘上沿圆周方向均匀设置多个狭缝，所述发射器和所述接收器设置在所述码盘的相对两侧。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的智能安全带，其中，所述长度测量机构包括设置在所述卷轴上的码盘以及感测所述码盘的旋转的传感器。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的智能安全带，其中，所述码盘包括圆周方向均匀间隔开设置的磁铁，所述传感器为磁性传感器，以通过霍尔效应感测所述码 盘的旋转。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的智能安全带，其中，所述码盘包括沿圆周方向均匀间隔开设置的狭缝，所述传感器包括光学传感器，以光学感测所述码盘的旋转。
  10. 如权利要求3-9中任一项所述的智能安全带，其中，所述辊轴组件包括其上设置有棘齿的辊轴、选择性与所述棘齿啮合的棘爪、将所述棘爪朝向与所述棘齿啮合的位置偏压的棘爪弹簧、接触座和第一继电器，所述第一继电器在未被触发时阻止所述棘爪被所述棘爪弹簧偏压而与所述棘齿啮合，并且在被触发时允许所述棘爪在所述棘爪弹簧的作用下啮合所述辊轴上的棘齿。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的智能安全带，其中，所述辊轴还包括沿轴向方向设置在所述棘齿两侧的摩擦表面，所述摩擦表面与所述织带摩擦接触。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的智能安全带，其中，所述加压组件包括保持架、第一摆杆、第二摆杆、压块和第二继电器，所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆在一端铰接，并且第一摆杆的另一端铰接在保持架上，而第二摆杆的另一端与所述压块相连接，由此，所述第一摆杆和所述第二摆杆围绕所述铰接端的相对转动使得所述压块伸出和缩回，所述第二继电器设置在所述保持架上使得所述第二继电器的电枢抵靠所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆的铰接端。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的智能安全带，其中，所述加压组件还包括弹簧，所述弹簧偏压所述第一摆杆或第二摆杆使得所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆处于成一条直线的稳定状态，使得所述压块处于所述伸出状态。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的智能安全带，其中，所述压块和所述辊轴相对设置并在所述辊轴的摩擦表面和所述压块之间形成间隙，使得所述织带在所述间隙内穿过。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的智能安全带，其中，所述控制器被进一步构造成接收表示所述安全带的带扣被扣合的信号。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的智能安全带，其中，所述控制器被进一步构造成在接收到表示所述安全带的带扣被扣合的信号之后基于所述长度测量机构的信号计算所述安全带的拉紧长度，并且在所述安全带被再次拉出一定长度而回卷之后，在所述安全带的拉出长度等于所述拉紧长度加上余量时，触发所述第一继电器，从而阻止安全带被进一步回卷，所述一定长度大于所述 拉紧长度加上所述余量。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的智能安全带，其中，所述余量在5至180毫米的范围内。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的智能安全带，其中，所述余量为10至20毫米。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的智能安全带，其中，所述控制器被进一步构造成在接收到表示所述安全带的带扣被扣合的信号之后的一段延迟时间之后基于所述长度测量机构的信号计算所述安全带的拉紧长度。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的智能安全带，其中，所述延迟时间在1到120秒的范围内或在驾驶员开始行驶时电动辅助拉紧织带后1至120秒的范围内。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的智能安全带，其中，所述延迟时间为3至5秒。
  22. 如权利要求13所述的智能安全带，其中，所述控制器被进一步构造成存储针对不同人员的安全带的拉出长度。
  23. 如权利要求13所述的智能安全带，其中，所述控制器被进一步构造成接收表示车辆的运行状态的信号。
  24. 如权利要求23所述的智能安全带，其中，所述表示车辆的运行状态的信号来自于加速度传感器、陀螺仪或车辆的ECU。
  25. 如权利要求24所述的智能安全带，其中，所述控制器被进一步构造成在接收到表示车辆减速的信号时，所述控制器向第二继电器发出信号以触发所述第二继电器，使得所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆克服所述弹簧的偏压力而偏离稳定状态，从而将所述压块缩回。
  26. 如权利要求2所述的智能安全带，其中，所述锁止装置包括不可旋转地设置在所述卷轴上的被锁止件和选择性与所述被锁止件接合以阻止所述被锁止件的旋转的锁止器。
  27. 如权利要求26所述的智能安全带，其中，所述被锁止件包括外齿盘、摩擦轮、内齿盘中的任一种。
  28. 如权利要求27所述的智能安全带，其中，所述锁止器包括电磁铁、电机、杠杆、舵机中的任一种。
  29. 如权利要求28所述的智能安全带，其中，所述锁止器根据所述控制器的指令而阻止所述被锁止件的转动，进而阻止所述卷轴转动。
  30. 如权利要求29所述的智能安全带，其中，所述锁止装置包括长度测量机构，以测量所述织带的长度。
  31. 如权利要求30所述的智能安全带，其中，所述长度测量机构包括设置在所述卷轴上的码盘以及感测所述码盘的旋转的传感器。
  32. 如权利要求31所述的智能安全带，其中，所述码盘包括圆周方向均匀间隔开设置的磁铁，所述传感器为磁性传感器，以通过霍尔效应感测所述码盘的旋转。
  33. 如权利要求31所述的智能安全带，其中，所述码盘包括沿圆周方向均匀间隔开设置的狭缝，所述传感器包括光学传感器，以光学感测所述码盘的旋转。
  34. 如权利要求30至33中任一项所述的智能安全带，其中，所述控制器被进一步构造成接收表示所述安全带的带扣被扣合的信号。
  35. 如权利要求34所述的智能安全带，其中，所述卷收器还包括回卷电机，在所述安全带的带扣被扣合之后，所述回卷电机工作，以带动所述卷轴旋转，以回卷所述织带。
  36. 如权利要求35所述的智能安全带，其中，所述控制器被进一步构造成在接收到表示所述安全带的带扣被扣合的信号并且所述回卷电机已经回卷织带后，基于所述长度测量机构的信号计算所述安全带的拉紧长度，并且在所述安全带被再次拉出一定长度并回卷之后，在所述安全带的拉出长度等于所述拉紧长度加上余量时，触发所述锁止器接合所述被锁止件从而阻止安全带被进一步回卷，所述一定长度大于所述拉紧长度加上所述余量。
  37. 如权利要求36所述的智能安全带，其中，所述余量在5～180毫米范围内。
  38. 如权利要求37所述的智能安全带，其中，所述余量为10至20毫米。
  39. 如权利要求38所述的智能安全带，其中，所述控制器被进一步构造成在接收到表示所述安全带的带扣被扣合的信号之后的一段延迟时间之后基于所述长度测量机构的信号计算所述安全带的拉紧长度。
  40. 如权利要求39所述的智能安全带，其中，所述延迟时间在1到120秒的范围内，或者在驾驶员开始行驶时在电动辅助拉紧织带后的1到120秒的范围内。
  41. 如权利要求40所述的智能安全带，其中，所述延迟时间为3至5 秒。
  42. 如权利要求36所述的智能安全带，其中，所述控制器被进一步构造成存储针对不同人员的安全带的拉出长度。
  43. 如权利要求36所述的智能安全带，其中，所述控制器被进一步构造成接收表示车辆的运行状态的信号。
  44. 如权利要求43所述的智能安全带，其中，所述表示车辆的运行状态的信号来自于加速度传感器、陀螺仪或车辆的ECU。
  45. 如权利要求44所述的智能安全带，其中，所述控制器被进一步构造成在接收到表示车辆减速的信号时，所述控制器向所述锁止器发出信号以触发所述锁止器，释放所述锁止器与所述被锁止件的接合。
  46. 如权利要求1至45中任一项所述的智能安全带，其中，所述限力器的所述第一部件是套筒部分，而所述限力器的所述第二部件是可插入所述套筒部分的一端的插塞部分，所述插塞部分的插入所述套筒部分内的部分形成有锥度，由此所述套筒部分的内圆周表面与所述插塞部分的外圆周表面摩擦接合。
  47. 如权利要求46所述的智能安全带，其中，所述插塞部分的锥度在1∶20和1∶80之间。
  48. 如权利要求47所述的智能安全带，其中，所述插塞部分的锥度为1∶50。
  49. 如权利要求46-48中任一项所述的智能安全带，其中，所述套筒部分和所述插塞部分由金属或金属合金制成。
  50. 如权利要求49所述的智能安全带，其中，所述套筒部分和所述插塞部分由不锈钢制成。
  51. 如权利要求50所述的智能安全带，其中，所述套筒部分的内圆周表面上与所述插塞部分摩擦接合的部分设置有铜套。
  52. 如权利要求46所述的智能安全带，其中，所述套筒部分的与所述插塞部分插入的端部相对的端部形成有花键，以与所述卷轴和所述锁定机构中的一个相啮合，而所述插塞部分的与插入所述套筒部分的端部相对的端部形成有花键，以与所述卷轴和所述锁定机构中的另一个相啮合。
  53. 如权利要求46所述的智能安全带，其中，所述偏压装置是调整弹簧，所述调整弹簧设置在所述套筒部分的内腔中，并将所述插塞部分偏压向所述 套筒部分。
  54. 如权利要求53所述的智能安全带，其中，所述限力器还包括调整杆和挡片，所述套筒部分内腔设置有轴档部分，所述调整弹簧被压缩地设置在所述轴档部分和所述挡片之间，并且所述调整杆将所述挡片和所述插塞部分相连接。
  55. 如权利要求54所述的智能安全带，其中，所述挡片和所述插塞部分设置有内螺纹孔，所述调整杆为带有外螺纹的螺杆，所述螺杆与所述挡片和所述插塞部分螺纹连接。
  56. 一种限力器，所述限力器包括第一部分、第二部分和偏压装置，所述偏压装置使所述第一部分和第二部分相互压紧，以借助于二者之间的摩擦力相互保持固定并在二者之间的作用力超过预定阈值是开始相对转动。
  57. 如权利要求56所述的限力器，其中，所述插塞部分的锥度在1∶20和1∶80之间。
  58. 如权利要求57所述的限力器，其中，所述插塞部分的锥度为1∶50。
  59. 如权利要求56至58中任一项所述的限力器，其中，所述套筒部分和所述插塞部分由金属或金属合金制成。
  60. 如权利要求59所述的限力器，其中，所述套筒部分和所述插塞部分由不锈钢制成。
  61. 如权利要求60所述的限力器，其中，所述套筒部分的内圆周表面上与所述插塞部分摩擦接合的部分设置有铜套。
  62. 如权利要求56至58中任一项所述的限力器，其中，所述套筒部分的与所述插塞部分插入的端部相对的端部形成有花键，以与所述卷轴和所述锁定机构中的一个相啮合，而所述插塞部分的与插入所述套筒部分的端部相对的端部形成有花键，以与所述卷轴和所述锁定机构中的另一个相啮合。
  63. 如权利要求56至58中任一项所述的限力器，其中，所述偏压装置是调整弹簧，所述调整弹簧设置在所述套筒部分的内腔中，并将所述插塞部分偏压向所述套筒部分。
  64. 如权利要求63所述的限力器，其中，所述限力器还包括调整杆和挡片，所述套筒部分内腔设置有轴档部分，所述调整弹簧被压缩地设置在所述轴档部分和所述挡片之间，并且所述调整杆将所述挡片和所述插塞部分相连接。
  65. 如权利要求64所述的限力器，其中，所述挡片和所述插塞部分设置有内螺纹孔，所述调整杆为带有外螺纹的螺杆，所述螺杆与所述挡片和所述插塞部分螺纹连接。
  66. 一种用于安全带的卷收器，其中，所述卷收器包括织带卷绕在其上的卷轴、选择性地锁定卷轴的锁定机构和设置在所述卷轴和所述锁定机构之间的限力器，所述限力器为如权利要求56至65中任一项所述的限力器。
  67. 如权利要求66所述的卷收器，其中，在所述卷收器内设置有锁止装置，以选择性阻止所述卷轴的旋转。
  68. 如权利要求67所述的卷收器，其中，所述锁止装置包括不可旋转地设置在所述卷轴上的被锁止件和选择性与所述被锁止件接合的锁止器。
  69. 如权利要求68所述的卷收器，其中，所述被锁止件包括外齿盘、摩擦轮、内齿盘中的任一种。
  70. 如权利要求69所述的卷收器，其中，所述锁止器包括电磁铁、电机、杠杆、舵机中的任一种。
  71. 如权利要求67所述的卷收器，其中，所述锁止装置包括长度测量机构，以测量所述织带的长度。
  72. 如权利要求71所述的卷收器，其中，所述长度测量机构包括设置在所述卷轴上的码盘以及感测所述码盘的旋转的传感器。
  73. 如权利要求72所述的卷收器，其中，所述码盘包括圆周方向均匀间隔开设置的磁铁，所述传感器为磁性传感器，以通过霍尔效应感测所述码盘的旋转。
  74. 如权利要求72所述的卷收器，其中，所述码盘包括沿圆周方向均匀间隔开设置的狭缝，所述传感器包括光学传感器，以光学感测所述码盘的旋转。
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CN109950849A (zh) * 2019-04-19 2019-06-28 桂林电子科技大学 架空线除冰机器人的行进轮锁紧装置
CN113306522A (zh) * 2021-06-29 2021-08-27 东风汽车有限公司东风日产乘用车公司 一种安全带卷收器、安全带装置及汽车
CN113428107A (zh) * 2021-08-09 2021-09-24 重庆光大产业有限公司 一种具有可控性的电控锁止卷收器
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