WO2018126761A1 - 内变速器及其控制方法 - Google Patents

内变速器及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018126761A1
WO2018126761A1 PCT/CN2017/106977 CN2017106977W WO2018126761A1 WO 2018126761 A1 WO2018126761 A1 WO 2018126761A1 CN 2017106977 W CN2017106977 W CN 2017106977W WO 2018126761 A1 WO2018126761 A1 WO 2018126761A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
clutch
control
seat
transmission
pawl
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/106977
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李激初
Original Assignee
李激初
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Publication date
Application filed by 李激初 filed Critical 李激初
Publication of WO2018126761A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018126761A1/zh

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/46Gearings having only two central gears, connected by orbital gears
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62MRIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M11/00Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels
    • B62M11/04Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio
    • B62M11/14Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with planetary gears
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04Smoothing ratio shift
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H63/00Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0047Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising five forward speeds

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to a bicycle internal transmission, in particular to an internal transmission and a control method thereof.
  • the existing self-internal transmissions are mostly two sets of double planetary gear trains.
  • the combination of the two speed ratios is achieved by alternately controlling the locking and unlocking of the center wheel between the two planetary gear trains.
  • the internal transmission is bulky. The structure is complicated, the cost is high, the weight is heavy, the transmission efficiency is low, and the handling is very inconvenient, which leads to the promotion and application of the five-speed internal transmission on the bicycle.
  • the existing internal transmissions are designed with an integrated design that cannot be quickly replaced.
  • the shifting rigidity is too strong.
  • some gears will have large shifting resistance, which will affect the riding experience.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a novel internal transmission and a control method thereof for the above-mentioned defects existing in the existing internal transmission.
  • the internal transmission uses a planetary gear train as the transmission.
  • the flywheel seat of the inner transmission is coupled to the planet carrier of the planetary gear train by a clutch, and the flywheel seat is coupled to the inner ring gear by the overrunning clutch assembly;
  • the planet carrier is coupled to the hub of the internal transmission via a second one-way transmission member, and the inner ring gear of the planetary gear train is coupled to the hub by the overrunning clutch assembly;
  • a central wheel two-way clutch control assembly is disposed between the center wheel of the planetary gear train and the axle;
  • the clutch and center wheel two-way clutch control assembly are each coupled by an operating mechanism of the internal transmission.
  • the overrunning clutch assembly includes a first one-way transmission member, a cage and a plurality of rolling elements, the holder is rotatably mounted on the ring gear, and the flywheel holder is coupled to the cage through the first one-way transmission member,
  • the rolling element is evenly disposed between the inner ring gear and the hub in an arrangement beyond the clutch mechanism, the inner ring gear between the rolling elements is provided with a transmission protrusion, and the retainer is provided with a plurality of retaining blocks in the circumferential direction. Separate the rolling elements from the drive projections.
  • the first one-way transmission member and the second one-way transmission member employ an overrunning clutch.
  • the flywheel seat and the planet carrier are rotatably assembled.
  • the clutch is slidably assembled between the flywheel seat and the planet carrier.
  • the clutch is always embedded on the flywheel seat circumferentially, and the clutch is provided with a plurality of clutch lugs, corresponding A clutch groove that fits the clutch lug is provided at a circumferential position of the carrier.
  • the clutch further includes a first control screw, a second control screw, a rotary support, a clutch control seat, a clutch seat and a spring;
  • the first control screw is coupled to the operating mechanism and rotatably mounted on an axle in the inner transmission
  • the second control screw is drivingly coupled to the first control screw via a rotary support, the clutch seat and the second Controlling the rotary member circumferentially positioned connection
  • the clutch seat is also axially slidably assembled with the first control screw or the second control screw
  • the clutch control seat is fixedly mounted on the axle in the inner transmission
  • the clutch control seat and The clutch seats are connected by a cam structure that is coupled to a compressed spring that is rotatably mounted on the clutch seat to effect clutch assembly between the flywheel mount and the planet carrier.
  • the planetary gear train adopts a double planetary gear train
  • the first control screw includes a center wheel control rod attached along the axle, and the center wheel control rod is connected to the distal center wheel two-way clutch control assembly through the clutch control seat;
  • the second control knob is coupled to the proximal center wheel two-way clutch control assembly.
  • the center wheel two-way clutch control mechanism includes a first pawl, a second pawl, a pawl seat and a pawl controller; the pawl seat is circumferentially positioned on the axle, and the corresponding center wheel is rotatably mounted on the pawl.
  • the first pawl and the second pawl are symmetrically mounted on the assembly circumference of the pawl seat and the center wheel, and the two pawls are held in a pop-up state by the pawl spring, respectively defining two rotation directions of the center wheel.
  • the inner ring of the center wheel is provided with a ratchet groove corresponding to the engagement of two pop-up pawls;
  • the pawl controller is rotatably mounted on the pawl seat, and the inner ring has a pressing arc segment for pressing the pawl and a pop-up slot for lifting the pawl;
  • the pawl controller is coupled to the steering mechanism along with the clutch.
  • the operating mechanism includes a steering assembly, a rotating transmission member and two sets of torsion springs; the rotating transmission member is rotatably mounted on the axle, and one end is coupled to the steering assembly, the steering assembly is coupled to the rotation control mechanism to control the rotation transmission member to rotate The other end is connected to the circumferential positioning structure on the axle by the first torsion spring, and is also connected to the rotating support of the clutch by the second torsion spring.
  • the elastic force of the second torsion spring is greater than the first torsion spring.
  • the steering assembly includes a cable holder, a wire guiding plate, a wire guiding seat and a limiting fixing seat.
  • the wire drawing seat is circumferentially connected to the rotating transmission member, and the wire guiding seat is fixed at one end of the rotation control mounting seat by the wire guiding plate.
  • the limit fixing seat is circumferentially positioned on the axle and axially positioned by the shaft end locking member.
  • the rotation control mechanism is a finger dialing mechanism or a dialing mechanism connected to the cable assembly of the steering assembly through a wire, or an automatic transfer mechanism controlled by the motor.
  • the operating mechanism includes an electronic control component and a rotary transmission member; the rotary transmission member is rotatably mounted on the axle, one end is connected to the electronic control component, and the other end is connected to the rotary support by a circumferential rotation of the control torsion spring; the rotary support And the connected control screw is connected to an adapter circumferentially, and the adapter is rotatably assembled with a gear positioning seat fixed on the axle, between the adapter and the gear positioning seat
  • the positioning steel ball is provided with an elastic arrangement, and the adapter or the gear positioning seat is circumferentially arranged with a plurality of steel ball positioning grooves for locating the steel balls, the angle between the steel ball positioning grooves and the rotating support member and The angle of rotation between the respective gears controlled by the connected control knobs is consistent;
  • the electronic control assembly includes a motor that drives rotation of the rotating transmission member.
  • the positioning steel ball is mounted in a steel ball mounting hole provided in the inner ring of the adapter, and the outer circumference of the adapter is provided with a compression spring groove, and the compression spring groove is located on the outer circumference of the steel ball mounting hole a compression spring having at least one end fixed to the adapter is embedded in the compression spring groove, and the compression spring is embedded in the steel ball mounting hole, and the steel ball is disposed in the steel ball positioning groove disposed on the gear positioning seat. extrusion.
  • the motor of the electronic control unit is connected to the rotating transmission member through a gear pair, the gear pair is a reduction gear pair, the driving gear of the gear pair is connected with the motor shaft, and the driven gear is connected with the rotating transmission member in a circumferential direction.
  • a driving gear tooth segment and a positioning arc segment are respectively disposed on the same rotating circumference of the driven gear, and the gear tooth segment is provided with gear teeth meshing with the driving gear, and the positioning arc segment is arranged with a plurality of corresponding gear positions
  • the positional projection is a position sensor fixed to the outer side of the driven gear on the outer side of the rotation of the driven gear, and performs a corner detection on the projection that rotates with the driven gear.
  • the rotating transmission member is connected to the steering assembly through a rotation control mount, and the rotating transmission member and the rotation control mounting bracket are coaxially rotated and assembled on the axle and circumferentially positioned, the cable seat or The driven gear is mounted on the rotary control mount by a detachable circumferential positioning structure.
  • the invention also discloses an internal transmission control method using a cable control operating mechanism, wherein the speed ratio of the internal transmission is reduced from high to low, and the first torsion spring and the first The second torsion spring accumulates the clutch and the center wheel to achieve the multi-gear output of the internal transmission.
  • the invention can adjust the realization of five sets of speed ratios on a set of double planetary gear trains through a clutch, an overrunning clutch assembly and a two-way clutch control assembly on the planet wheels, and realize the planetary in the planetary gear train beyond the clutch assembly.
  • the direction of power transmission between the frame and the ring gear is changed.
  • the meshing direction of the center wheel and the planet wheel also changes, through the center wheel two-way clutch control component,
  • the direction of power transmission between the carrier and the ring gear changes, it corresponds to the direction in which the center wheel is locked.
  • the invention can simultaneously control the two-way clutch control component of the clutch and the center wheel through the same operating mechanism, thereby improving the convenience of the operation of the internal transmission, and the detachable structure is connected between the operating mechanism and the inner transmission body, thereby improving the internal transmission.
  • the buffer delay mechanism is designed when shifting, and the gear can be easily and smoothly changed when the external resistance of the ride is large, and the riding experience is good.
  • the present invention can realize five-speed adjustment by using a pair of double planetary gear trains, which effectively reduces the structure of the internal transmission compared with the existing five-speed transmission, and can make the internal shifting more compact, which is advantageous for assembling the internal transmission.
  • the bicycle is further lightweight.
  • 1 is a schematic view showing the overall assembly of a five-speed internal transmission in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the clutch and overrunning clutch assembly of the first embodiment.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view of a flywheel seat in the first embodiment.
  • FIG 4 is a schematic view of the inner ring gear in the first embodiment.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the cage in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a transmission state of the overrunning clutch assembly in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 7 is a partially enlarged schematic view of Figure 6, specifically showing the transmission diagram of the clutch clutch assembly in the state of Figure 6.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing another transmission state of the overrunning clutch assembly in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 9 is a partially enlarged schematic view of Figure 8, specifically showing the transmission diagram of the clutch clutch assembly in the state of Figure 8.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic view showing the operation of the clutch in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the clutch and its control mechanism in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of the first control rotary member in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view of the second control rotary member in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view of the rotary support member in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the first control rotary member, the second control rotary member and the rotary support member in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view of the clutch control seat in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the clutch control seat in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic view showing the circumferential position between the clutch, the flywheel base and the carrier in the first embodiment.
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic view showing the clutch of the first embodiment in a state of being coupled to the carrier.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic view showing the clutch of the first embodiment in a state of being separated from the carrier.
  • 21 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the two-way clutch control assembly of the center wheel in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic view showing the installation of the ratchet on the center wheel in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic view of the first pawl and the second pawl in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 24 is a schematic view of the third pawl and the fourth pawl in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic view showing the installation of the first pawl seat on the first center wheel in the first embodiment (removing the first pawl control seat).
  • Figure 26 is a schematic view of the first pawl control seat in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 27 is a schematic view showing the locking control of the first center wheel in one direction in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 28 is a schematic view showing the locking control of the first center wheel in the other direction in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 29 is a control diagram showing one of the directions of the second center wheel in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 30 is a schematic view of the operating mechanism in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 31 is a schematic view of the rotary transmission member in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 32 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the rotary transmission member with respect to the second bead frame in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 33 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the first torsion spring in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 34 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the second torsion spring in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 35 is a schematic view of the manipulation assembly in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 36 is a schematic view of the operating mechanism in the second embodiment.
  • 37 is a schematic view showing the installation of the torsion spring of the operating mechanism in the second embodiment.
  • Figure 38 is a schematic view showing the installation of the positioning mechanism steel ball of the operating mechanism in the second embodiment.
  • Figure 39 is a schematic view of the second control rotary member in the second embodiment.
  • Figure 40 is a schematic view of the adapter of the operating mechanism in the second embodiment.
  • Figure 41 is a schematic view of the gear positioning seat in the second embodiment.
  • Figure 42 is a schematic view showing the state of the positioning steel ball in the second embodiment after the shifting is in place.
  • Figure 43 is a schematic view showing the state of the positioning steel ball in the second embodiment during the shifting process.
  • 44 is a schematic diagram of an electronic control component in the second embodiment.
  • Figure 45 is a schematic view showing the brake mounting portion on the hub of the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
  • Figure 46 is a schematic view showing the transmission path of the five-speed internal transmission in the first gear in the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
  • Figure 47 is a schematic view showing the transmission route of the five-speed internal transmission in the second gear in the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
  • Figure 48 is a schematic view showing the transmission route of the five-speed internal transmission in the third gear in the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
  • Figure 49 is a schematic view showing the transmission route of the five-speed internal transmission in the fourth embodiment in the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
  • Figure 50 is a schematic view showing the transmission route of the five-speed internal transmission in the fifth gear in the first embodiment and the second embodiment.
  • the illustrated five-speed internal transmission is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, specifically including a flywheel base 11, a planetary gear train 2, a hub 31, a clutch 4, an overrunning clutch assembly 5, and a center wheel two-way clutch control.
  • Assembly 6 steering mechanism 7, axle 9 and a number of seals.
  • a pair of double planetary gear trains are used as the transmission device, wherein the double center wheel 23 is mounted on the axle 9, the axle 9 is not rotated, and the double center wheel 23 is idling with the axle through the center wheel two-way clutch control assembly 6.
  • the unlocking or the two-way locking is engaged with the ring gear 22 through the double planetary gears 24.
  • the double planetary gears 24 are assembled on the planet carrier 21 by the shaft rotation, and the rotating power transmitted by the flywheel 12 is transmitted through the flywheel seat 11 as a power input member.
  • the planetary gear train is input, and is transmitted to the hub 31 for output to the wheel.
  • the flywheel housing 11 is coupled to the carrier 21 via the clutch 4.
  • the flywheel housing 11 is coupled to the ring gear 22 by the overrunning clutch assembly 5, and the carrier 21 and the ring gear 22
  • the carrier 21 is coaxially assembled with the second bushing 312 fixedly embedded in the inner wall of the hub 31 by the second one-way transmission member 313, and the inner ring gear 22 passes through the clutch assembly 5 and the hub.
  • the first bushing 311, to which the inner wall is fixedly embedded, is coaxially assembled.
  • the two sets of center wheels of the dual center wheel 23 are respectively provided with a center wheel two-way clutch control unit 6 between the axle and the axle, and the clutch 4 and the center wheel two-way clutch control unit 6 are connected by the operating mechanism 7 of the internal transmission.
  • the overrunning clutch assembly 5 includes a retainer 51, a first one-way transmission member 52, and a plurality of rolling elements 53, which are cylindrical members that are rotatably mounted on the ring gear 22 while the cage 51 is held.
  • the first one-way transmission mounting surface 1102 on the flywheel base 11 is assembled by the first one-way transmission member 52.
  • a plurality of rolling elements 53 are evenly arranged in the inner ring gear 22 and the flower in an arrangement beyond the clutch mechanism
  • An inner ring gear drive protrusion 221 is disposed on the inner ring gear 22 between the rolling elements 53 between the inner walls of the first bushings 311 of the drum, and a plurality of retaining blocks 511 are provided on the end surface of the retainer 51 in the circumferential direction, and the retaining block 511 is provided.
  • Two kinds of slots are sequentially formed between the two, one of which forms the assembled rolling element 53 to be held in a limit position, and the other of the slots corresponds to the inner ring gear projection 221 so that the rolling element 53 and the ring gear
  • the drive projections 221 are each separated by a holding block 511.
  • the inner ring gear 22 is disposed on the outer circumference of the inner sleeve of the first bushing 311 of the hub with a plurality of lower slots through the inclined surface, and the rolling element 53 is assembled in the lower slot, and the rotation speed of the inner ring gear 22 is
  • the rolling element 53 is pushed up by the inclined surface to the wedge-shaped space 222 of the inner wall of the hub (as shown in FIG. 9) until the inner ring gear 22 and the inner wall of the first bushing 311 of the hub are stuck. Tightly, a reliable power transmission connection is formed, and the hub is rotated by the ring gear 22. If the rotation speed of the hub exceeds the ring gear 22, the power transmission separation of the first bush 311 and the rolling element 53 of the hub is disabled.
  • the retainer 51 unidirectionally coupled to the flywheel base 11 is in contact with the inner ring gear drive projection 221 by the retaining block 511, and the power can be transmitted to the ring gear 22, and the flywheel seat 11
  • the clutch 4 is disengaged from the carrier 21, at which time power is transmitted from the ring gear 22 to the planetary gear train by the flywheel seat 11, and power is output from the carrier 21 to the hub; if the flywheel seat 11 and the carrier 21 pass the clutch 4, when the power is transmitted from the planet carrier 21 to the planetary gear train by the flywheel seat 11, when one of the center wheels is fixed, the rotation speed of the inner ring gear 22 exceeds the cage 51 of the flywheel seat 11 when the gear ratio is changed.
  • the rolling element 53 forms an overrunning clutch, and the ring gear 22 forms a power transmission connection through the rolling element 53.
  • the inner ring gear 22 transmits power to the hub output.
  • the ring gear 22 also drives the cage 51 to rotate at the same speed, and the cage 51 passes.
  • the first one-way transmission member 52 extends beyond the flywheel seat 11.
  • the distance between the cage 51 and the rolling elements 53 and the ring gear drive projections 221 is such that it is ensured that the rolling elements 53 are normally wedge-shaped between the inner ring gear 22 and the first bushing 311 of the hub. Complete the overtaking movement in the room.
  • the rolling element 53 can be a cylindrical member or a spherical member.
  • the first one-way transmission member 52 and the second one-way transmission member 313 referred to in this embodiment are all one-way overrunning clutches with a cylinder as a rolling element, but other transmission members having a one-way override function may also be used.
  • the ring gear 22 and the carrier 21 are respectively coupled to the first bushing 311 of the hub, wherein the ring gear 22 is connected to the first bushing 311 of the hub by the clutch clutch assembly 5,
  • the carrier 21 is coupled to the first bushing 311 of the hub by a second one-way transmission member 313, and the inner wall of the hub is provided with a first bushing 311 and a second bushing 312, respectively, which are coupled to the ring gear 22 and the carrier 21.
  • the five-speed internal transmission of the present embodiment can be initially divided into two modes of a carrier output and an internal ring gear according to the connection with the output member.
  • the control clutch 4 separates the flywheel housing 11 from the carrier 21, at which time the power of the flywheel housing 11 is transmitted to the cage 51 through the first one-way transmission member 52, and the internal teeth are pushed by the holding block 511.
  • the transmission block 221 on the ring 22 transmits power to the ring gear 22, at which time the retaining block pushes the transmission element to the lower ring of the inner ring gear, and is separated from the inner ring of the hub, and the inner ring gear cannot transmit power to the hub through the transmission element.
  • the control clutch 4 engages the flywheel seat 11 and the carrier 21, at which time the power of the flywheel seat 11 is directly transmitted to the carrier 21, and the power enters the planetary gear train from the carrier 21, after passing through the transmission.
  • the first bushing 311 is tightly connected to realize the power output from the hub, and the rotation speed of the hub exceeds the planet.
  • the frame 21 and the second one-way transmission member 313 are disabled.
  • the double planetary gear 24 and the double center wheel 23 in the planetary gear train 2 in this embodiment are combined into two groups (the sun gear is not a double gear), and two gears are passed.
  • the speed ratio adjustment realizes the shifting of the shift gears in the above two modes.
  • the flywheel base 11 is connected as a power input member of the internal transmission to the power flywheel of the bicycle, and is rotatably mounted on the axle 9, and the hub 31 serves as a power output member of the internal transmission, respectively, with the planetary gear train 2
  • the ring gear 22 and the carrier 21 are connected.
  • a clutch mounting groove 1101 and a first one-way transmission mounting surface 1102 are respectively disposed on the flywheel housing 11, and the clutch mounting groove 1101 of the flywheel housing 11 is assembled by a clutch.
  • the first one-way transmission mounting surface 1102 on the flywheel base 11 is coupled to the overrunning clutch assembly 5 by assembling the first one-way transmission member 52.
  • the planet carrier 21 is used to mount the double planetary gears 24 while the output of the power is achieved by the revolution of the double planetary gears 24.
  • One end of the carrier 21 in this embodiment is directly fitted with one end of the flywheel base 11 , and the clutch 4 is slidably fitted on the axle by a ring-shaped member, and a plurality of sets of clutch lugs 401 are provided in the circumferential direction of the clutch 4 , and the clutch is convex.
  • the block 401 is embedded in the clutch mounting groove 1101 of the flywheel base 11, and the clutch mounting groove 1101 is axially disposed along the end of the flywheel base 11 and the hollow end of the carrier 21, and the clutch 4 is axially slidable along the clutch mounting groove 1101.
  • the end of the planet carrier 21 sleeved on the flywheel seat 11 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of clutch recesses 211 corresponding to the clutch lugs 401.
  • the clutch 4 is inserted into or disengaged from the clutch recesses 211 by axial sliding to realize the flywheel mount 11 and the planet carrier. Separation and bonding between 21.
  • a wedge surface is disposed on the side of the clutch groove 211 in the non-transmission direction, which facilitates the embedding and exit of the clutch bump 401.
  • the axial slip of the clutch 4 is achieved by a clutch-connected clutch mechanism including a first control knob 41, a second control knob 42, a clutch 4, a rotary support 44, and a clutch control seat. 45, clutch seat 46, spring 47 and other components.
  • first control knob 41, the second control knob 42 and the rotary support 44 are used to input a rotational movement of the control clutch
  • the clutch control seat 45 and the clutch seat 46 are used to convert the rotary power into an axial force by a cam transmission.
  • the clutch 4 is axially moved to realize the clutching action.
  • the spring 47 is used for the return of the clutch 4.
  • the first control rotary member 41 in this embodiment is a clutch power input member, which is divided into two sections, one of which is a cylinder, and the first control rotary member 41 is rotated by the cylinder to fit the axle 9 of the inner transmission.
  • the second control rotary member 42 is drivingly coupled to the first control rotary member 41 via the rotary support member 44.
  • the second control rotary member 42 and the rotary support member 44 in this embodiment are clutching power.
  • the power transmission member is transmitted to the clutch, and the second control rotary member 42 is a cylindrical member for transmitting power to the clutch, and the rotary support member 44 is a swing support structure for supporting the second control rotary member 42 and transmitting power.
  • the rotary support member 44 is fitted over the first control screw member 2, and a symmetrical first transmission groove 4101 is provided at the end of the barrel of the first control screw member 41, at the rotary support member 44.
  • the inner ring is provided with a corresponding first transmission protrusion 4404.
  • the first transmission protrusion 4404 and the first transmission groove 4101 are fitted to realize circumferential power transmission between the first control screw 41 and the rotation support 44.
  • the second control screw 42 is integrally formed in a cylindrical structure and is rotatably assembled coaxially with the rotary support 44.
  • the rotation support member 44 is provided with a plurality of second control screw mounting protrusions 4401, and the second control screw mounting protrusions 4401 are arranged on the same circumference with the rotation axis of the rotation support member 44 as a center, the size of the circumference and the The inner diameters of the cylinders of the two control rotary members 42 are matched, and the second control rotary members 42 are rotatably fitted on the outer circumference formed by the second control rotary member mounting projections 4401.
  • two symmetrical second transmission grooves 4201 are provided on the end surface of the second control screw member 42 outside the outer circumference of the second control screw mounting projection 4401.
  • the second control rotation member 42 is fitted on the outer circumference formed by the second control screw mounting protrusion 4401, and the second transmission protrusion 4402 and the second transmission groove 4201 are mutually The fitting, the axial power transmission between the rotary support 44 and the second control knob 42 is achieved.
  • the two symmetrical transmission grooves and the transmission projections are respectively designed to have different widths, and only one type of assembly can be assembled during assembly, and the design is foolproof.
  • a sliding groove 4202 that restricts the axial slip of the clutch 4 is provided in the axial direction of the second control screw 42.
  • the second control screw 42 can also be inserted into the inner circumference formed by the second control screw mounting protrusion 4401 through the outer circumference thereof, and can be mounted on the second control screw according to the installation manner.
  • the inner or outer surface of the block 4401 can be disposed in a corresponding curved surface for facilitating rotational engagement with the second control knob 42.
  • the positional relationship between the first control rotary member 41 and the rotary support member 44 and between the rotary support member 44 and the second control rotary member 42 in this embodiment can be interchanged.
  • the outer diameter of the rotary support member 44 is further provided with a second torsion spring mounting protrusion 4403 for mounting the torsion spring, and rotating the rotary power component formed by the first control rotary member 41, the second control rotary member 42 and the rotary support member 44. After returning.
  • the clutch control seat 45 of the present embodiment is fixedly fitted to the axle 9 and is provided with a cam structure 4501.
  • the inner circumference of the clutch control seat 45 is divided into three parts, one of which is an axle mounting arc section 4502, which is in contact with the outer circumference of the axle 9, and a symmetric circumferential positioning projection 4504 is provided at both ends of the axle mounting arc section 4502, and the axle
  • the axial slotting provided thereon corresponds to the circumferential positioning between the clutch control seat 45 and the axle 9, and the remaining center wheel control rod passes through the arc segment 4503, the radius of the arc segment is larger than the radius of the axle, and the assembly
  • the rear and the outer circumference of the axle form an arcuate space for controlling the central wheel of the inner gear planetary gear train to lock and unlock the central wheel control rod.
  • the center wheel control rod 4102 is integrally provided with the first control screw 41, and the center wheel control rod 4102 is attached to the axle, and can rotate around the axle axis with the action of the first control knob 41, and the synchronous control is far.
  • the pawl of the first center wheel of the end is locked and closed while being in the inner circle of the second control knob 42
  • a second pawl controller 622 for controlling the proximal second center wheel pawl is provided to control the clutch while achieving two-way clutch control of the dual center wheel, respectively.
  • the second rotating member end can also be coupled to the central wheel locking and unlocking rotational control structure for locking and unlocking control of other center wheels employing multiple planetary gearbox internal transmissions.
  • the clutch seat 46 of Fig. 11 is used to assemble the clutch 4 while being coupled to the second control knob 42 and the clutch control seat 45, respectively, to effect the switching of the rotational and axial movements of the clutching process.
  • the clutch 4 is fitted on the outer circumference of the clutch seat 46.
  • the clutch seat 46 is provided with an axial positioning structure corresponding to the two ends of the clutch, respectively, and defines the axial displacement of the clutch 4 on the clutch seat 46.
  • the clutch axial positioning structure is divided into a clutch limit step disposed at the end of the clutch seat 46, and a retaining spring groove disposed at the other end of the clutch, and both sides of the clutch are defined by installing the circlip and the clutch limit step. The axial movement is performed, and annular gaskets are arranged on both ends of the clutch 4 to reduce the friction of the clutch with the axial positioning structure of the clutch seat during the combined rotation.
  • the inner ring of the clutch seat 46 is provided with two sets of symmetrical clutch limit projections 4601.
  • the clutch limit projections 4601 are slidably embedded in the two sets of axial sliding grooves 4202 on the second control rotary member 42 and are movable along the sliding concave The groove 4202 slides axially.
  • the second transmission groove 4201 and the sliding groove 4202 on the second control rotary member 42 of the embodiment can be disposed in the same groove body, thereby reducing the number of slotting of the parts and improving the strength of the parts.
  • the clutch limit projections 4601 on the clutch seat 46 are first loaded, and then the second control rotary member 42 is assembled to the rotary support member 44 through the second transmission recess 4201.
  • the clutch limit projection 4601 on the clutch seat 46 extends into contact with the two sets of cam structures 4501 on the clutch control seat 45 after being inserted into the sliding groove 4202 of the second control rotary member 42, and passes through the first control rotary member 41.
  • the rotational movement transmitted by the rotary support member 44 and the second control rotary member 42 causes the clutch seat 46 to rotate, while the cam structure surface on the clutch control seat 45 pushes (or springs) the clutch seat 46 axially along the sliding groove 4202. Sliding, the axial movement of the clutch 4 is achieved, and the clutching action is completed.
  • the spring 47 is compressively disposed between the clutch seat 46 and the rotary support 44 to the clutch seat 46.
  • the clutch limit projection 4601 is always pressed against the cam structure 4501 of the clutch control seat 45.
  • the clutch 4 in this embodiment is mounted between the flywheel housing 11 and the carrier 21 inside the internal transmission, and one end of the carrier 21 is directly fitted with one end of the flywheel housing 11 and the clutch 4 is slid by the annular member. Fitted on the axle, a plurality of sets of clutch lugs 401 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the clutch 4.
  • the clutch lug 401 is embedded in the clutch mounting groove 1101 of the flywheel seat 11, and the clutch mounting groove 1101 is empty along the flywheel seat 11 and the carrier 21
  • the end of the sleeve is axially disposed, the clutch 4 is axially slidable along the clutch mounting groove 1101, and the end of the carrier 21 on the flywheel seat 11 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of clutch recesses 211 corresponding to the clutch projections 401, the clutch 4
  • the axial slip of the clutch mechanism of the present embodiment the engagement or disengagement of the clutch groove 211 is realized, and the separation and engagement between the flywheel base 11 and the carrier 21 are achieved.
  • the operating mechanism drives the rotary support member 44 to rotate by a certain angle to drive the first control rotary member 41 and the second control rotary member 42 to rotate at the same angle, and the second control rotary member 42 drives the clutch seat 46 to rotate while
  • the cam of the clutch control seat 45 cooperates to push the clutch limit projection to the high position of the cam structure, pushes the clutch seat 46 to the right, and pushes the clutch 4 assembled thereon to the right to realize the between the flywheel seat and the carrier.
  • the operating mechanism drives the rotary support member 44 to rotate the same angle, and the first control rotary member 41 and the second control rotary member 42 are rotated by the same angle, and the second control rotary member 42 drives the clutch seat 46 to rotate, and the clutch limit is adjusted.
  • the bump returns to the lower position of the cam structure under the action of the spring, pushes the clutch seat 46 to the left, pushes the clutch 4 assembled thereon to the left, and realizes the power engagement between the flywheel seat and the carrier.
  • the center wheel two-way clutch control assembly is used to realize the locking between the first center wheel 231 and the second center wheel 232 in the illustration during the forward and reverse rotation, respectively, and the axle 9 .
  • Unlock The locking referred to in this embodiment means that the center wheel is circumferentially positioned with the shaft in one rotational direction. During the transmission of the planetary gear train, the center wheel does not rotate with the shaft. Unlocking means that the center wheel is There is no circumferential positioning between the shafts, and the center wheel is sleeved on the shaft. During the transmission of the planetary gear train, the center wheel can rotate freely.
  • the five-speed internal transmission of the present embodiment adopts a dual center wheel, wherein the first center wheel 231 and the second center wheel 232 are respectively provided with a set of center wheel two-way clutch control mechanisms, and respectively pass the first control of the clutch.
  • the rotary member 41 and the second control rotary member 42 control the clutching action.
  • center wheel two-way clutch control mechanism The specific scheme of the center wheel two-way clutch control mechanism will be described in detail by taking the first center wheel 231 as an example.
  • the center wheel two-way clutch mechanism assembled by the first center wheel 231 includes a first pawl 61, a second pawl 62, a first pawl seat 611, and a first pawl controller 612.
  • the first pawl 61 and the second pawl 62 are characteristically symmetrical, including the mounting portion 6101, the control portion 6102, and the ratchet portion 6103, and the third pawl of the other center wheel assembly.
  • the structure of the 61' and the fourth pawl 62' is similar to that shown in FIG.
  • the first pawl seat 611 is for mounting the first pawl 61 and the second pawl 62, and is also used for rotational assembly with the inner ring of the first center wheel 231.
  • the inner ring of the first pawl seat 611 is nested on the axle 9 by a circumferential positioning projection and is circumferentially positioned and assembled with the axle 9.
  • the first pawl 61 and the second pawl 62 are symmetrically fitted on the circumference of the first pawl seat 611 for fitting with the first center wheel 231, and the first pawl seat 611 is provided with a state capable of accommodating the pawl unlocked state.
  • the symmetrically disposed first pawl 61 and the second pawl 62 are mounted on the first pawl seat 611 by the pawl spring 614, maintaining the initial ejection state of the two pawls, ie without the first pawl control
  • the first pawl 61 and the second pawl 62 can protrude from the outer circumferential surface of the first pawl seat 611 under the action of the pawl spring 614, and the ratchet groove corresponding to the inner ring of the first center wheel 231 Chimerism.
  • the mounting portion 6101 of the first pawl 61 and the second pawl 62 is a partial cylinder, and the cylindrical portion is fitted in the pawl mounting groove 6111 of the first pawl seat 611, and can realize partial angular swing of the pawl;
  • the control portion 6102 of the pawl 61 and the second pawl 62 is used to contact the first pawl controller 612, and the first pawl controller 612 realizes the restraining limit of the pawl by the control portion 6102 of the pawl;
  • the ratchet portion 6103 of the second and second pawls 62 is adapted to be engaged with the ratchet groove 2311 of the inner ring of the first center wheel 231 after being ejected, respectively, to achieve locking in the two rotational directions of the center wheel.
  • the first pawl controller 612 is rotatably assembled with the first pawl seat 611, and the rotationally assembled position is located in the circumferential region of the correspondingly mounted pawl control portion 6102 by rotating the first spine
  • the pawl controller 612 does not affect the mutual motion relationship between the first pawl seat 611 and the first center wheel 231.
  • the inner ring assembled by the first pawl controller 612 and the first pawl seat 611 is provided with a pressing arc segment 6121 and a pop-up slot 6122 for restraining the control portion 6102 of the pawl, the first spine
  • the claw 61 or the second pawl 62 is in a pressed state, and the pop-up groove 6122 is for releasing the restraint of the control portion 6102 of the pawl, and the first pawl 61 or the second pawl 62 is in the pop-up state.
  • the other end of the first pawl controller 612 is rotatably fitted on the axle 9 as a support, and the pawl control slot 6124 is provided by mounting the inner ring on the axial surface of the first pawl controller 612, through the pawl control slot 6124. It is coupled to the first control knob 41 to drive the first pawl controller 612 to rotate by the clutch rotation control system.
  • the inner ring of the first center wheel 231 is evenly provided with a plurality of ratchet grooves 2311, and both side faces of the ratchet groove 2311 are respectively engageable with the ratchet portions of the first pawl 61 and the second pawl 62 in the pop-up state.
  • the pressing arc segment 6121 and the pop-up notch 6122 of the first pawl controller 612 are alternately distributed in a closed loop along the inner ring of the first pawl controller 612, and a transition slope 6125 is provided at both ends of the pressing arc segment 6121 for
  • the control portion that pushes the pawl that is, the first pawl controller 612, can control the first pawl 61 and the second pawl 62 in both rotational directions.
  • the first pawl controller 612 is rotated counterclockwise, and the upper right side of the pop-up slot 6122 sets the second pawl 62 to the pop-up state, and the ratchet portion of the second pawl 62. 6103 is fitted to the side surface of the ratchet groove 2311 of the inner ring of the first center wheel 231.
  • the second pawl 62 defines the counterclockwise rotation of the first center wheel 231 while the pressing arc of the left side of the first pawl controller 612
  • the first pawl 61 is pressed into the first pawl seat 611 by the pawl control portion 6102, at which time the first pawl 61 does not restrict the rotation of the first center wheel 231.
  • the first pawl controller 612 is rotated by the hand, and the pop-up slot 6122 on the left side of the first pawl controller 612 releases the restraint of the first pawl 61, so that the first pawl 61 In the pop-up state, the ratchet portion is fitted to the side of the ratchet groove of the inner ring of the first center wheel 231, and the first pawl 61 defines the clockwise rotation of the first center wheel 231 while the first spine
  • the pressing arc segment 6121 on the right side of the pawl controller 612 presses the second pawl 62 into the first pawl seat 611 through the control portion of the pawl, at which time the second pawl 62 does not restrict the rotation of the first center wheel 231. .
  • the pressing arc segment 6121 of the first pawl controller 612 in this embodiment can simultaneously put the first pawl 61 and the second pawl 62 in a pressed state, so that the first center wheel 231 is at a position relative to the first pawl seat 611. Idle state.
  • the transition slope 6125 disposed at both ends of the pressing arc segment 6121 can ensure that the first pawl controller 612 can pass the ratchet portion 6103 from the ratchet groove 2311 of the first center wheel 231 through the control portion 6102 of the pawl in any one of the rotational directions.
  • the push is introduced to thereby achieve continuous control of the first pawl 61 and the second pawl 62 by the first pawl controller 612.
  • the structure of the third pawl 61' and the fourth pawl 62' mounted by the second center wheel 232 in this embodiment is similar to that of the first pawl 61 and the second pawl 62, corresponding to
  • the second pawl holder 621 and the second pawl controller 622 are disposed in the same manner as the first center wheel 231 described above, and the second pawl controller 622 is coupled to the clutch rotation control system via the second control knob 42 as shown in the figure. As shown in Figure 13, the two-way clutch control of the second center wheel is achieved.
  • the five-speed internal transmission of the present embodiment uses the planetary gear train of the double center wheel as the transmission device, and is respectively locked and unlocked by the two sets of center wheels, and has two-way transmission speed ratios of two groups, and the process of rotating in the same direction of the center wheel
  • the transmission direction has two sets of speed ratios from the inner ring gear of the planetary gear train to the transmission path of the planet carrier.
  • the transmission direction is also provided from the planet carrier of the planetary gear train to the center wheel.
  • the two sets of speed ratios achieve the improvement of the transmission ratio of the planetary gear train without increasing the transmission mechanism.
  • the second center wheel 232 of the dual center wheel is disposed near the control end, and the second pawl controller 622 is directly positioned or integrally disposed with the second control screw 42.
  • the second control screw 42 is connected to the outer periphery of the rotary support of the control end while the inside of the rotary support
  • the end is connected to the first control knob 41 that controls the clutching action of the first center wheel 231, and sequentially passes through the second pawl holder 621 and the first pawl holder 611 and the first pawl controller 612 through the first control knob 41. connection.
  • the first control knob 41 is divided into a rotating cylinder portion 4103, a center wheel control lever 4102, and a control block 4104.
  • the rotating cylinder portion 4103 is rotatably fitted on the axle 9, and one end is rotated by the circumferential positioning structure and rotation.
  • the support members are coupled, the center wheel control lever 4102 extends in the axial direction from the cylinder wall of the rotating cylinder portion 4103, and the control block 4104 is disposed at the extended end portion of the center wheel control lever 4102.
  • An arc segment having a diameter larger than the shaft diameter is disposed on the inner inner ring of the second pawl seat 621, the first pawl seat 611 and the axle 9, and the arc segment and the shaft are assembled after the pawl seat is assembled on the shaft.
  • An arc-shaped space is formed between the central wheel control rod 4102 and the control block 4104, and the center wheel control rod 4102 has a certain rotation angle in the arc space, which is sufficient for controlling the first pawl controller 612. The angle of rotation.
  • a pawl control groove 6124 having one end fitted to the control block 4104 is provided, and the center wheel control rod 4102 of the first control screw 41 passes through
  • the end control block 4104 is engaged with the pawl control groove 6124 of the first pawl controller 612, and the first pawl controller 612 is mounted through the shaft surface.
  • the ring and the fitted control block 4104 are rotatably mounted on the axle 9, and the first pawl controller 612 is rotated by the rotation of the first control knob 41.
  • the operating mechanism includes a first torsion spring 71, a second torsion spring 72, a rotary transmission 73, a first control knob 41, an axle 9, a steering assembly 76, and the like.
  • the rotary transmission member 73 is connected to the steering assembly 76 outside the internal transmission and the first control rotary member 41 inside the internal transmission, and is a rotary power transmission component between the steering assembly 76 and the first control rotary member 41, through the outside of the internal transmission
  • the steering assembly 76 controls the rotation of the first control knob 41 inside the internal transmission to effect control of the shifting actuator inside the internal transmission.
  • the rotation transmission member 73 is rotatably fitted to the axle 9 together with the rotation control mount 731, and a steering mounting portion 7311 for mounting the manipulation assembly 76 is provided on the rotation control mount 731.
  • the rotating transmission member 73 and the main body of the rotation control mount 731 in this embodiment are both cylindrical structures, and two sets of axially arranged transmission rods 7301 are provided at one end of the rotation transmission member 73 with the rotation control mount 731, corresponding to The inner ring of the rotary control mount 731 is provided with a steering transmission groove 7312 corresponding to the end of the transmission rod 7301.
  • the other end of the rotary transmission member 73 is provided with two sets of steering transmission projections 7302 for transmitting the rotational power of the steering assembly to the first control rotary member 41.
  • the rotary transmission member 73 and the rotation control mount 731 are respectively located at two sides of the second bead frame 812 of the internal transmission, and the second bead frame 812 is circumferentially positioned and mounted on the axle 9 for rotationally mounting the flywheel base connected to the bicycle transmission system.
  • the inner ring of the second bead frame 812 is provided with two sets of second bead frame circumferential positioning protrusions, which are fitted and fitted with the grooves on the axle 9, and at the same time, the rotary transmission member 73 and the rotation control mount 731 are formed.
  • the rotating component is rotatably mounted on the axle 9 through the sleeve 734.
  • the end of the sleeve 734 is provided with a groove, and is engaged with the second bead frame circumferential positioning protrusion of the second bead frame 812, and is fixedly mounted on the axle 9. .
  • the transmission rod 7301 of the rotary transmission member 73 passes through the installation inner wall of the inner ring of the second bead frame 812 and the sleeve 734 forms two symmetrical near semi-circular arc passages, and the rotation transmission member 73 and the rotation control mount 731 are rotated.
  • the two sets of levers 301 are rotated within the two semi-circular arc channels.
  • a first torsion spring mounting groove 7303 and a second torsion spring mounting groove 7304 are provided on the rotary transmission member 73 at different axial positions for mounting the first torsion spring 71 and the second torsion spring 72, respectively.
  • the rotary transmission member 73 is coupled to the circumferentially mounted mounting seat 732 on the axle by a first torsion spring 71.
  • the fixed seat 732 is a ring member, and the inner ring is provided with a fixed seat circumferential positioning projection.
  • the circumferentially positioned sleeve is disposed in the axial positioning groove of the axle 9, and the first torsion spring mounting protrusion 7322 for connecting the first torsion spring is disposed on the outer circumference of the fixing seat, and the first torsion spring 71 adopts a spiral
  • the reed has a spiral inner end and an outer end respectively arranged as hook bodies, respectively hooked into the first torsion spring mounting groove of the rotation transmission member 73
  • the first torsion spring of the 7303 and the fixing base 732 is mounted on the projection 7322.
  • a torsion spring connection seat 733 is also coaxially disposed on the fixing base 732 for separating the first torsion spring 71 and the second torsion spring 72.
  • the torsion spring connecting seat 733 is provided with a plurality of curved arc-shaped protrusions inside and outside, wherein the inner ring formed by the first torsion spring positioning protrusion 7331 of the inner ring is for accommodating the outer ring of the first torsion spring 71.
  • the connecting seat circumferential positioning protrusions 7332 of the outer ring are on the same circumference as the first torsion spring mounting protrusions 7322 on the fixing base 732, and are alternately nested with each other to form a circumference between the torsion spring connecting seat 733 and the fixing seat 732.
  • the first torsion spring 71 can be directly hooked on the connecting seat circumferential positioning protrusion 7332 to realize the connection with the fixing seat 732.
  • the rotary transmission member 73 is simultaneously connected to the rotary support member 44 connected to the first control rotary member 41 via the second torsion spring 72, and the rotary support member 44 is used for circumferentially positioning connection with the first control rotary member 41 to transmit rotation.
  • the rotational power transmitted by the transmission member 73 can simultaneously connect the plurality of gear control rotary members at the same time, thereby achieving simultaneous manipulation of the plurality of shifting actuators.
  • the outer ring of the rotating support member 44 is provided with a second torsion spring mounting protrusion 4403 for connecting the second torsion spring.
  • the second torsion spring 72 is similar to the first torsion spring, and adopts a coil spring with a spiral inner end and an outer end respectively.
  • the hook body is provided to be hooked on the second torsion spring mounting groove 7304 of the rotation transmission member 73 and the second torsion spring mounting protrusion 4403 of the rotation support member 44, respectively.
  • the inner ring of the rotary support member 44 is provided with a first transmission protrusion 4404.
  • the first control rotary member 41 has a main body cylindrical body whose inner diameter is the same as the inner diameter of the rotary support member 44, and one end thereof is provided. There is a first transmission groove 4101 corresponding to the first transmission protrusion 4404. The first transmission groove 4101 and the first transmission protrusion 4404 are fitted with the rotation support member 44 and the first control rotation member 41.
  • the other end of the first control knob 41 is provided with a control block 4104 and extends to a two-way clutch control assembly of the first center wheel inside the internal transmission.
  • a plurality of circumferential projections are also provided on the outer circumference of the rotary support member 44 to drive a two-way clutch control assembly coupled to the clutch and the second center wheel.
  • the first torsion spring 71 and the second torsion spring 72 in the present embodiment respectively provide damping at the time of the shifting operation, while the energy storage is used as the power for returning the rotary transmission member 73.
  • the second torsion spring 72 is also used to drive the first control knob 41.
  • the movable transmission member, the second torsion spring mounting groove 7304 on the rotary transmission member 73 is disposed on one side of the steering transmission protrusion 7302, and the first transmission groove 4101 of the first control rotary member 41 and the rotary support member 44 are circumferentially embedded.
  • a pair of steering transmission protrusions 7302 of the front end of the rotating transmission member 73 are extended, and the driving transmission protrusion 7302 has a rotating space between the first transmission grooves 4101.
  • the piece 73 drives the rotary support 44 through the second torsion spring and finally drives the first control screw 41 to rotate.
  • the torsion direction of the first torsion spring 71 and the second torsion spring 72 is opposite to the direction in which the rotary transmission mechanism is positively rotated, and the elastic force of the second torsion spring 71 should be larger than the first torsion spring 72.
  • the rotating transmission member 73 In the initial stage of the shifting process, under the control of the operating component, the rotating transmission member 73 firstly elastically deforms the second torsion spring 72, and then the elastic force generated by the deformation of the second torsion spring 72 drives the rotating support member 44 and the rotating transmission member. The 73 rotates together to realize the action of the gear actuator of the internal transmission.
  • the gear actuator cannot be in position at this time, but the rotation transmission member 73 can still rotate normally, and the second torsion spring 72 and the first torsion spring 71 are performed at this time.
  • the elastic transmission member 73 and the rotary support member 44 are not rotated due to the engagement of the gear actuator.
  • the rotary transmission member 73 and the rotary support are at this time.
  • the member 44 rotates under the elastic force of the second torsion spring 72, and controls the gear actuator to perform the shifting action.
  • the first torsion spring 71 in this embodiment is used to ensure the return position after the rotation of the rotary transmission member 73.
  • the rotary transmission member 73 is controlled by the return spring of the gear actuator by the first control.
  • the rotary member 41 and the rotary support member 44 reversely drive the rotary transmission member 73 back through the second torsion spring 72, but if the corresponding gear actuator is stuck at the same time due to the non-position of the transmission mechanism, the rotary transmission member 73 may not be normally returned due to the jam of the first control knob 41 and the rotation support 44.
  • the rotation transmission member 73 of the present embodiment may be under the elasticity of the first torsion spring 71.
  • the rotary transmission member 73 is elastically coupled to the rotary support member 44 of the first control rotary member by a second torsion spring 72, and the steering transmission projection 7302 of the rotary transmission member 73 is located at the first control rotary member. Between the first transmission grooves 4101 of 41 (refer to FIG. 15 in combination), and between the first transmission grooves 4101 of the first control screw 41, an idle distance for freely rotating the steering transmission projections 7302 is provided, the idle distance At least the rotation of the rotating transmission member can be ensured to rotate a gear in the first transmission groove 4101.
  • the rotation control member 73 shifts and rotates, the rotation support member 44 is rotated by the second torsion spring 72, and after the rotation of the one gear position, if the first control rotation member or the second control rotation member is connected to the shifting actuator If the jam occurs, the elastic force of the second torsion spring 73 directly drives the first control screw or the second control screw that is circumferentially connected to the rotary support 44 to rotate. If the shift actuator is stuck, the second The elastic deformation of the torsion spring 72 is continuously maintained until the engagement of the shift actuator is eliminated, and the elastic force of the second torsion spring 72 drives the rotary support member 44 to rotate and shift, thereby improving the feel of the shifting operation.
  • the manipulation assembly 76 of the present embodiment is detachably mounted on the rotation control mount 731, and includes a cable holder 761, a wire guide plate 762, a wire guide seat 763, and a limit fixing seat 764.
  • a circumferential positioning groove is formed in the inner ring of the wire holder 761, and is slidably engaged with the wire holder circumferential positioning protrusion 7313 of the operation mounting portion 7311 of the rotation control mount 731, and the wire drive wire holder 761 is rotated.
  • the rotation control mount 731 and its connected rotary transmission 73 can be rotated.
  • the wire holder 761 is provided with a wire groove for placing the wire on the circumference of the wire holder 761.
  • the wire holder 761 has a U-shaped groove on the end surface thereof, and the width is slightly larger than the diameter of the wire connector. After the wire connector is fixed to the tail end of the wire, it can be easily placed into the U-shaped groove. The wire is locked in one direction, and the opening direction of the U-shaped slot is flexibly set according to the direction of the wire. When the wire pulls the wire holder counterclockwise, the U-shaped groove faces the right side, and vice versa.
  • the five-speed internal transmission adopts a counterclockwise pulling of the cable holder; a screw hole may be disposed on the end surface of the cable holder 761, and the fixing wire is passed through the circumferential groove to restrict the wire from coming out of the wire groove.
  • the inner circle of the limiting fixing seat 764 has two symmetry planes, and is fastened with the flat position on the shaft to realize the circumferential direction.
  • the outer circle of the limiting fixing seat 764 is a step circle, wherein the smaller diameter circle has two symmetrical flat positions. It is used for circumferential positioning assembly with the wire guiding plate 762, and has a circular groove for mounting the axial retaining spring 7641.
  • the inner surface of the wire guiding plate 762 has two planes, and is fastened to the flat surface of the limiting fixing seat.
  • One end surface of the wire guiding plate 762 is limited by the shoulder on the limiting fixing seat 764, and the other end surface is
  • the axial circlip 7641 is fixedly fixed; the end of the long rod of the wire guiding plate 762 has a rectangular block protrusion and pull
  • the rectangular guiding groove on the wire guiding seat 763 is matched, and the wire guiding seat 763 is provided with a hole through which the cable passes, and the wire passes through the joint through the joint, and is wound around the circumferential groove on the wire holder 761, and the tail end is fixed by the wire connector.
  • the card is located in the U-shaped slot of the cable holder 761.
  • a positioning shoulder 7314 is provided on the steering mounting portion 7311 of the rotation control mount 731 for axial positioning of the cable holder 761, and the limiting fixing seat 764 is fixedly mounted on the outer axle of the rotation control mount 731, in the axle
  • the end portion of the inner transmission can be integrally axially positioned by the nut-like shaft end locking member, and the wire guiding seat 763 is fixed on the limiting fixing seat 764 by the wire guiding plate 762 through the axial retaining spring 7641. Axial fixed.
  • the wire guiding plate, the wire guiding seat and the like can be removed from the limiting fixing seat 764, and then the cable seat 761 is removed from the rotation control mounting seat 731.
  • the operation component is completely removed from the internal transmission without affecting the transmission structure inside the internal transmission, and the quick disassembly control component or the flywheel is realized.
  • the cable holder 761 of the operating unit 76 is connected to the rotation control mechanism by a wire.
  • the rotation control mechanism in this embodiment can be realized by a finger dialing mechanism or a dialing mechanism of the bicycle.
  • the fingering mechanism and the dialing mechanism are commonly used components of bicycles. Personnel can be selected according to actual design requirements, and this embodiment is not described herein with specific technical solutions.
  • the first torsion spring and the second torsion spring are accumulatively driven by the pull wire to drive the wire holder, and the clutch and the center are controlled.
  • the clutching and matching relationship of the wheel realizes the multi-range output of the internal transmission, and such a setting can make the operation of the downshifting operation more labor-saving.
  • the flywheel base 11 in this embodiment is rotatably mounted on the axle 9 by the second bead frame 812.
  • One end of the hub 31 is rotatably assembled on the flywheel base 11 through the first bead frame 811, and the other end is rotatably assembled by the third bead frame 813.
  • the inner double planetary gear train, the clutch, the center wheel two-way clutch control assembly and the overrunning clutch assembly are housed inside the hub of the hub.
  • a first seal 801 and a second seal 802 are disposed between the hub 31 and the flywheel seat 11, and a third seal 803 is provided between the flywheel housing 11 and the steering assembly of the operating mechanism 7, in rotation of the steering assembly 7.
  • a fourth sealing member 804 is disposed between the transmission member and the axle 9, and a fifth sealing ring 805 is disposed between the hub 31 and the axle 9 to achieve internal sealing of the five-speed internal transmission to prevent external dust and water from entering the interior of the transmission.
  • lubricating oil can be filled inside the internal transmission to improve the transmission lubrication performance of the transmission.
  • the difference between the embodiment and the first embodiment is that the operating mechanism of the embodiment adopts electric control.
  • the technical solution of the electric operating mechanism in the embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 36 to 44.
  • the electric operating mechanism in this embodiment specifically includes a control torsion spring 74, a rotary transmission member 73, a first control rotary member 411, a second control rotary member 42, an axle 9, an electronic control assembly 75, and an adapter 77. , gear positioning seat 771 and other components.
  • the rotation transmission member 73 has the same function as that of the first embodiment, and is respectively connected to the electronic control unit 75 outside the internal transmission and the gear control rotation member inside the internal transmission, which is a rotation between the electronic control unit 75 and the gear control rotation member.
  • the power transmission component controls the rotation of the gear control rotary member inside the internal transmission through the electronic control unit 75 outside the internal transmission to realize electric control of the shifting actuator inside the internal transmission.
  • the rotation transmission member 73 is rotatably fitted on the axle 9 together with the rotation control mount 731, and is connected to the electronic control unit 75 provided outside the internal transmission through the rotation control mount 731, and is provided on the rotation control mount 731 for connecting the electronic control unit.
  • the manipulating mounting section 731 of 75 is provided outside the internal transmission through the rotation control mount 731, and is provided on the rotation control mount 731 for connecting the electronic control unit.
  • connection between the rotary transmission member 73 and the rotation control mount 731 in this embodiment and the assembly of the second bead frame 812 and the axle 9 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
  • the rotary support member 44 and the first control rotary member 41 in this embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
  • the rotary support member 441 is provided with a plurality of circumferential positioning grooves on the same circumference on the outer side
  • the second control rotary member 42 is a cylindrical member, and is provided at one end thereof with a plurality of circumferential positioning grooves.
  • Adapter circumferential positioning protrusion 4203, adapter circumferential positioning protrusion 4203 realizes second control rotation 42 and the circumferential positioning assembly of the rotary support 44 are also used for circumferential assembly with additional adapters.
  • the other end of the second control knob 42 is provided with the same shifting structure as that of the other set of gear actuators in the internal transmission.
  • the rotating transmission member 73 and the rotating support member 441 of the present embodiment are connected by a spiral control torsion spring 74, and the one end of the torsion spring is controlled to be attached to the rotation transmission member 73.
  • the protrusion 7302 and the rotating support member 441 control the same side of the torsion spring mounting protrusion 4405, and the other end of the torsion spring is controlled to be attached to the control transmission protrusion 7302 of the rotation transmission member 73 and the control torsion spring mounting of the rotation support member 441.
  • the rotation transmission member 73 rotates to drive the control spring 1 to deform, and the first control of the rotation support member 441 and its connection is driven by the elastic force generated by controlling the deformation of the torsion spring 74.
  • the rotary member 41 and the second control rotary member 42 rotate.
  • control torsion spring 74 in this embodiment is similar to that of the second torsion spring in the first embodiment, and both serve as elastic transmissions for the two sets of control rotary members to rotate and shift, and serve as a buffering delay when the shift is stuck.
  • the effect of the time is that the control torsion spring 74 of the present embodiment can form an elastic transmission between the rotary transmission member and the rotary support member in both the forward and reverse directions of rotation. .
  • the second control screw 42 in this embodiment is connected to the circumferential direction of the rotary support 44, and is also circumferentially coupled to the adapter 77.
  • the adapter 77 is fixed to the axle 9.
  • the upper gear positioning seat 771 is rotatably assembled, and an elastically disposed positioning steel ball 774 is disposed between the adapter member 77 and the gear positioning seat 771.
  • the adapter member 77 or the gear positioning seat 771 is circumferentially oriented.
  • a plurality of steel ball positioning grooves for locating the steel balls are arranged, and the angle between the steel ball positioning grooves is consistent with the rotation angle between the gears controlled by the gear control rotary member, and the shift control is executed in the gear control rotary member. After the mechanism is in place, the positioning steel ball will be embedded in the steel ball positioning groove to realize the positioning and maintenance of the gear control rotary member.
  • the adapter circumferential positioning protrusion 4203 of the second control rotary member 42 in this embodiment is circumferentially assembled with the rotary support member 44, and the end portion is extended while the adapter member 77 is attached.
  • the circumferential direction is connected, and the inner ring of the adapter 77 is provided with an adapter positioning groove 7701 which is circumferentially fitted with the adapter circumferential positioning protrusion 4203, and the adapter 77 is uniformly arranged with four sets of steel in the radial direction.
  • the ball mounting hole 7703 is provided with a ring spring groove 7702 on the outer circumferential surface of the adapter 77, and the compression spring groove 7702 is connected in series with all the steel ball mounting holes 7703.
  • the positioning steel ball 774 is embedded in the inner end of the steel ball mounting hole 7703, and a compression spring 773 is nested in the compression spring groove 7702.
  • two sets of positioning steel balls are arranged, and the other two steel ball mounting holes 7703 are used for The two ends of the compression spring 773 are fixedly hooked, and the compression spring 773 is in an elastic tension state as a whole, and the positioning steel ball 774 is moved from the outside while the positioning steel ball 774 is pressed toward the inner side at any time.
  • the adapter 77 is coaxially disposed with the gear positioning seat 771.
  • the inner ring of the gear positioning seat 771 is provided with a circumferential positioning protrusion 7711 of the gear positioning seat, and is circumferentially fitted with the groove on the axle, and is positioned in the gear position.
  • the outer ring of the seat 771 and the adapter 77 is assembled with a plurality of steel ball positioning grooves 7712, and the positioning steel balls 774 in the steel ball mounting holes 7703 are pressed into the steel ball positioning groove 7712 by the pressure spring.
  • the position of the ball positioning groove 7712 is in one-to-one correspondence with the gear position of the internal transmission, that is, when any gear position is in the internal transmission, the positioning steel ball 774 is embedded in the only one of the dry positioning grooves.
  • the outer ring of the adapter 77 is also provided with two sets of symmetrical rotating transmission limiting protrusions 7713 for defining the extreme rotational position of the rotating transmission member.
  • the adapter 77 is equipped with a steel ball mounting hole for positioning the steel ball 774 and a corresponding steel on the gear positioning seat 771.
  • the ball positioning groove 7712 is aligned.
  • the positioning steel ball 774 is embedded in the steel ball positioning groove 7712 by the compression spring 773, and the positioning member 77 and the connected shift control rotary member are positioned to ensure the positioning and ensure the positioning. Switching from other gears to the accuracy of this gear position.
  • the adapter 77 when the operating mechanism controls the gear control rotary member to perform the shifting, the adapter 77 is rotated, the positioning steel ball 774 rotates with the adapter 77, and the positioning steel ball 774 overcomes the elastic force of the compression spring 773.
  • the steel ball positioning groove 7712 is slid out and moved along the outer circumferential surface of the steel ball positioning seat 81 to be positioned in the corresponding steel ball positioning groove of the other gear.
  • Both sides of the steel ball positioning groove 7712 are inclined surfaces, which facilitates the positioning of the steel ball from the steel ball positioning groove 7712 during the shifting process; in addition, after the steel ball enters the position of the inclined surface of the steel ball positioning groove, even at this time
  • the electronic control component has already controlled the gear control rotation stop because the rotation error has been stopped, and the positioning steel ball will automatically follow the oblique direction.
  • the surface is embedded in the steel ball positioning groove 7712, so that the gear control rotary member cooperates with the gear actuator to switch the gear of the internal transmission to the correct position.
  • the electronic control component 75 in this embodiment includes a motor 751 , a driving gear 752 , a driven gear 753 , a Hall sensor 754 , a control seat 755 , and the like .
  • the electronic control component is assembled on the control seat 755 .
  • the control seat 755 is fixedly mounted on the axle 9 outside the internal transmission by a limit fixing seat 764 similar to that in the first embodiment.
  • the control seat 755 has a detachable control cover 7551 for easy opening and maintenance.
  • a control hole 755 is provided on the control base 755 for wiring the internal motor.
  • the motor 751 is a power component of the electric operating mechanism, and the reduction gear pair formed by the driving gear 752 and the driven gear 753 is drivingly connected with the rotation control mounting seat 731 of the rotating transmission member, and the driving gear 752 is coaxially assembled with the motor shaft, and the driven gear The 753 rotates coaxially with the rotation control mount 731.
  • the detected position signal is transmitted to the control chip of the motor to control the motor to stop.
  • the motor automatic control technology is controlled by the position sensor to control the start and stop of the motor.
  • the signal connection technical scheme of the Hall sensor and the motor is not provided. Repeat them.
  • the transmission gear segments 7531 and the positioning arc are respectively disposed.
  • position sensors such as a proximity switch, a micro switch or a photoelectric sensor may be used to detect the position of the protruding structure on the driven gear 63.
  • This embodiment does not perform a specific structural solution. Narration.
  • the control seat 755 of the electronic control unit 75 of the present embodiment is fixedly mounted on the axle through the limiting fixing base 764, and the non-circular sliding sleeve is arranged between the limiting fixing base 764 and the control seat 755.
  • the control seat 755 is axially positioned and mounted on the limiting fixing base 764 by an axial positioning member such as a snap spring.
  • the limiting fixing seat 764 is axially positioned by the shaft end nut of the axle, and the inner ring of the driven gear 753 is circumferentially positioned.
  • the groove is circumferentially assembled on the rotation control mount 731, as shown in FIG.
  • the driven gear 753 is axially positioned.
  • the electric operating mechanism of the embodiment is the same as the operating mechanism of the first embodiment.
  • the fittings and grooves of the circumferentially positioned or circumferentially driven circumferential positioning structure locks are realized between all the components in the present invention, and those skilled in the art can change the position according to the actual situation inside the internal transmission.
  • the circumferential positioning structure referred to in the claims is not limited by the above two embodiments.
  • the hub 31 of the first embodiment and the second embodiment is provided with a brake mounting portion 314 on the other side of the flywheel base, and can be mounted with a disc brake, a brake brake, a roller brake, and the disc brake shown in FIG. Mounting flange.
  • the operating mechanism 7 controls the clutch 4 to disengage the flywheel base 11 and the carrier 21, as shown in Fig. 20, while controlling the center wheel two-way clutch control assembly of the first center wheel 231 to make the first center
  • the wheel 231 is idling, and the center wheel two-way clutch control assembly that controls the second center wheel 232 locks the second center wheel 232 in one of the directions.
  • the power is transmitted from the flywheel seat 11 to the retainer through the first one-way transmission member of the clutch assembly 5, and the cage directly drives the ring gear 22 to rotate.
  • the planetary gear train passes through the second center wheel 232. The power is transmitted, the first center wheel 231 does not transmit power, and the planetary gear train shifts the power from the carrier 21 and transmits it to the hub 31 for output to the wheel.
  • the operating mechanism 7 controls the clutch 4 to disengage the flywheel base 11 and the carrier 21, as shown in Fig. 20, while controlling the center wheel two-way clutch control group of the first center wheel 231.
  • the first central wheel 231 is locked in one of the directions, and the center wheel two-way clutch control unit of the second center wheel 232 is controlled to idle the second center wheel 232.
  • the power is transmitted from the flywheel seat 11 to the cage through the first one-way transmission member, and the cage directly drives the ring gear 22 to rotate.
  • the planetary gear train transmits power through the first center wheel 231, and the second The center wheel 232 does not transmit power, and the planetary gear train shifts the power from the carrier 21 and transmits it to the hub 31 for output to the wheel.
  • the first and second gears are all gears, that is, the speed of the hub 31 is smaller than that of the flywheel seat 11. At this time, the rolling elements in the clutch assembly 5 are pushed by the cage to the lower groove of the ring gear, and the ring gear is separated from the hub without power. transfer.
  • the operating mechanism 7 controls the clutch 4 to engage the flywheel base 11 and the carrier 21, as shown in Fig. 19, while controlling the center wheel two-way clutch control assembly of the first center wheel 231 to make the first center
  • the wheel 231 is idling, and the center wheel two-way clutch control assembly that controls the second center wheel 232 idles the second center wheel 232.
  • power is transmitted from the flywheel seat 11 to the carrier 21 through the clutch 4, and at this time, the first center wheel 231 and the second center wheel 232 of the planetary gear train do not transmit power, and the power is directly transmitted through the carrier 21.
  • the output to the hub 31 is rotated to the wheel. At this time, the power of the flywheel seat 11 and the hub 31 is one to one output, and there is no shift, which is a direct gear.
  • the operating mechanism 7 controls the clutch 4 to engage the flywheel base 11 and the carrier 21, as shown in Fig. 19, while controlling the center wheel two-way clutch control assembly of the first center wheel 231 to make the first center
  • the wheel 231 is locked in the other direction, and the center wheel two-way clutch control assembly that controls the second center wheel 232 idles the second center wheel 232.
  • power is transmitted from the flywheel seat 11 through the clutch 4 to the carrier 21, at which time the planetary gear train transmits power through the first center wheel 231, the second center wheel 232 does not transmit power, and the planetary gear train shifts the power. It is then output from the ring gear 22 and transmitted to the hub 31 output to the wheel rotation.
  • the operating mechanism 7 controls the clutch 4 to engage the flywheel base 11 and the carrier 21, as shown in Fig. 19, while controlling the center wheel two-way clutch control assembly of the first center wheel 231 to make the first center
  • the wheel 231 is idling, and the center wheel two-way clutch control assembly that controls the second center wheel 232 locks the second center wheel 232 in the other direction.
  • power is passed from the flywheel seat 11
  • the clutch 4 is transmitted to the carrier 21, and the planetary gear train transmits power through the second center wheel 232.
  • the first center wheel 231 does not transmit power, and the planetary gear train shifts the power from the ring gear 22 and transmits it to the hub. 31 output to wheel rotation.
  • the fourth and fifth gears are all increased speed gears, that is, the speed of the hub 31 is greater than that of the flywheel seat 11, and the second one-way transmission member on the planet carrier is overspeeded. At this time, the rolling elements beyond the clutch assembly 5 are pushed to the upper position in contact with the hub 31, and the power between the ring gear 22 and the hub 31 is transmitted, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • Tables 1 and 2 below show the planetary gear train action relationship and power transmission path for the five gears.

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Abstract

一种内变速器及其控制方法,采用行星轮系作为传动装置,内变速器的飞轮座(11)与行星轮系的行星架(21)之间通过离合器(4)连接,同时,所述飞轮座(11)通过超越离合组件(5)与内齿圈(22)连接;所述行星架(21)通过第二单向传动件(313)与内变速器的花鼓(31)连接,所述行星轮系的内齿圈(22)通过超越离合组件(5)与花鼓(31)连接;所述行星轮系的中心轮(23)与车轴(9)之间设有中心轮双向离合控制组件(6);所述离合器(4)和中心轮双向离合控制组件(6)均通过内变速器的操纵机构(7)连接。所述内变速器有效简化了内变速器的结构,可将内变速器做得更加小巧,有利于装配有内变速器的自行车进一步实现轻量化,并且操作更加便利,拆装更加方便。

Description

内变速器及其控制方法
本申请要求于2017年01月04日提交中国专利局、申请号为201710005104.5、发明名称为“内变速器及其控制方法”的专利申请,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于自行车内变速器,具体涉及一种内变速器及其控制方法。
背景技术
现有的自行内变速器多是采用的两组双联行星轮系,通过两组行星轮系之间交替控制中心轮的锁止和解锁实现五个速比的组合,这种内变速器体积臃肿,结构复杂,成本较高,重量较重,传动效率低,并且操纵起来十分不便,进而导致了采用五速内变速器在自行车上的推广应用。
此外现有的内变速器都采用一体固定化设计,无法快速更换升级。骑行过程中换挡刚性太强,遇到外部阻力时某些挡位会出现换挡阻力大,影响骑行体验。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是:针对现有的内变速器存在的上述缺陷,提供一种新型的内变速器及其控制方法。
本发明采用如下技术方案实现:
内变速器,采用行星轮系作为传动装置,
内变速器的飞轮座与行星轮系的行星架之间通过离合器连接,同时,所述飞轮座通过超越离合组件与内齿圈连接;
所述行星架通过第二单向传动件与内变速器的花鼓连接,所述行星轮系的内齿圈通过超越离合组件与花鼓连接;
所述行星轮系的中心轮与车轴之间设有中心轮双向离合控制组件;
所述离合器和中心轮双向离合控制组件均通过内变速器的操纵机构连接。
进一步的,
所述超越离合组件包括第一单向传动件、保持架及若干滚动元件,所述保持架转动装配于内齿圈上,所述飞轮座通过第一单向传动件与保持架连接,所述滚动元件以超越离合机构的布置方式均匀设置在内齿圈和花鼓之间,所述滚动元件之间的内齿圈上设有传动凸起,所述保持架的周向上设有若干保持块,将滚动元件和传动凸起之间进行分隔。
进一步的,
所述第一单向传动件和第二单向传动件采用超越离合器。
进一步的,
所述飞轮座和行星架之间转动装配,所述离合器滑动装配在飞轮座和行星架之间,所述离合器始终周向嵌装在飞轮座上,离合器上设有若干离合凸块,对应的行星架周向位置设有嵌合离合凸块的离合凹槽。
进一步的,
所述离合器还包括第一控制旋件、第二控制旋件、旋转支撑件、离合器控制座、离合器座和弹簧;
所述第一控制旋件与操纵机构连接,并转动装配在内变速器内的车轴上,所述第二控制旋件通过旋转支撑件与第一控制旋件传动连接,所述离合器座与第二控制旋件周向定位连接,所述离合器座同时还与第一控制旋件或第二控制旋件轴向滑动装配,所述离合器控制座固定装配在内变速器内的车轴上,离合器控制座和离合器座之间通过凸轮结构连接,所述离合器座与压缩的弹簧连接,所述离合器转动装配在离合器座上,实现飞轮座和行星架之间的离合装配。
进一步的,
所述行星轮系采用双联行星轮系;
所述第一控制旋件包括沿车轴贴设的中心轮控制杆,所述中心轮控制杆穿过离合器控制座与远端的中心轮双向离合控制组件连接;
所述第二控制旋件与近端的中心轮双向离合控制组件连接。
进一步的,
所述中心轮双向离合控制机构包括第一棘爪、第二棘爪、棘爪座和棘爪控制器;所述棘爪座周向定位装配在车轴上,对应的中心轮转动装配在棘爪座上,所述第一棘爪和第二棘爪对称安装在棘爪座与中心轮的装配圆周上,通过棘爪弹簧保持两个棘爪为弹出状态,分别限定中心轮的两个转动方向,所述中心轮的内圈设有对应两个弹出棘爪嵌合的棘槽;
所述棘爪控制器转动套装在棘爪座上,其内圈具有压制棘爪的压制弧段和弹起棘爪的弹起缺槽;
所述棘爪控制器与离合器一同与操纵机构连接。
作为本发明中的优选方案,
所述操纵机构包括操纵组件、旋转传动件和两组扭簧;所述旋转传动件转动装配在车轴上,一端与操纵组件连接,所述操纵组件与转动控制机构连接,控制旋转传动件进行转动,另一端通过第一扭簧与车轴上的周向定位结构连接,同时还通过第二扭簧与离合器的旋转支撑件连接。
进一步的,
所述第二扭簧的弹力大于第一扭簧。
进一步的,
所述操纵组件包括拉线座、拉线导向板、拉线导向座和限位固定座,所述拉线座与旋转传动件周向传动连接,所述拉线导向座通过拉线导向板固定在旋转控制安装座一端的限位固定座上,所述限位固定座周向定位在车轴上,并通过轴端锁紧件轴向定位。
进一步的,
所述转动控制机构为通过拉线与操纵组件拉线座连接的指拨机构或转拨机构,或者电机控制的自动转拨机构。
在本发明的另一优选方案中,
所述操纵机构包括电控组件和旋转传动件;所述旋转传动件转动装配在车轴上,一端与电控组件连接,另一端与旋转支撑件通过控制扭簧周向传动连接;所述旋转支撑件及其连接的控制旋件与一转接件周向传动连接,所述转接件与固定在车轴上的挡位定位座之间转动装配,所述转接件和挡位定位座之间设有弹性设置的定位钢球,所述转接件或挡位定位座上周向排列有若干容纳定位钢球的钢球定位槽,所述钢球定位槽之间的角度与旋转支撑件及其连接的控制旋件控制的各个挡位之间的旋转角度相一致;
所述电控组件包括驱动旋转传动件转动的电机。
进一步的,
所述定位钢球安装在转接件内圈设置的钢球安装孔内,所述转接件的外圆周上设有压簧槽,所述压簧槽位于钢球安装孔所在的外圆周上,所述压簧槽内嵌套有至少一端固定在转接件上的压簧,所述压簧嵌入钢球安装孔内,将钢球向设置在挡位定位座上的钢球定位槽内挤压。
进一步的,
所述电控组件的电机通过齿轮副与旋转传动件连接,所述齿轮副为减速齿轮副,所述齿轮副的主动齿轮与电机轴传动连接,从动齿轮与旋转传动件周向传动连接,所述从动齿轮的同一转动圆周上分别设有传动轮齿段和定位弧段,所述传动轮齿段上设置与主动齿轮啮合的轮齿,所述定位弧段上布置有若干对应挡位位置的凸起,在从动齿轮转动圆周外侧相对车轴固定的位置传感器,对随从动齿轮转动的凸起进行转角检测。
在上述两种方案中,所述旋转传动件通过旋转控制安装座与操纵组件连接,所述旋转传动件和旋转控制安装座同轴转动套装在车轴上并周向定位连接,所述拉线座或从动齿轮通过可拆卸的周向定位结构安装在旋转控制安装座上。
本发明还公开了一种采用拉线控制操纵机构的内变速器控制方法,该内变速器的速比由高向低进行减挡的过程中,通过拉线驱动拉线座使第一扭簧及第 二扭簧蓄力,控制离合器和中心轮的离合配合关系,实现内变速器的多挡位输出。
采用本发明,可在一组双联行星轮系上,通过离合器、超越离合组件结合行星轮上的双向离合控制组件,调节五组速比的实现,超越离合组件实现了行星轮系中的行星架和内齿圈之间的动力传递方向转换,由于行星架和内齿圈的动力传递方向发生改变时,中心轮和行星轮的啮合方向也会发生改变,通过中心轮双向离合控制组件,在行星架和内齿圈之间动力传递方向改变时,对应控制中心轮锁止的方向。
同时,本发明通过同一操纵机构可同时控制离合器和中心轮的双向离合控制组件,提高了内变速器操纵的便捷性,并且操纵机构和内变速器本体之间通过可拆卸结构连接,可提高内变速器的检修和升级的方便性。
同时,在换挡时设计缓冲延时机构,在骑行外部阻力较大时也能轻松顺利换挡,骑行体验感好。
逆时针由高挡位向低挡位控制挡位变换,其中一个太阳轮的棘爪控制只需要控制其最省力的方向,无需进行正反两个方向离合控制,更省力。
由上所述,本发明采用一组双联行星轮系即可实现五速调节,较现有五速变速器有效减少了内变速器的结构,可将内变速做得更加小巧,有利于装配内变速器自行车进一步实现轻量化。
以下结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
附图说明
图1为实施例一中的五速内变速器的总装配示意图。
图2为实施例一中的离合器和超越离合组件的示意图。
图3为实施例一中的飞轮座示意图。
图4为实施例一中的内齿圈示意图。
图5为实施例一中的保持架示意图。
图6为实施例一中的超越离合组件的一种传动状态示意图。
图7为图6中的局部放大示意图,具体表示为超越离合组件在图6的状态下的传动示意图。
图8为实施例一中的超越离合组件的另一种传动状态示意图。
图9为图8中的局部放大示意图,具体表示为超越离合组件在图8的状态下的传动示意图。
图10为实施例一中的离合器动作示意图。
图11为实施例一中的离合器及其控制机构的装配示意图。
图12为实施例一中的第一控制旋件示意图。
图13为实施例一中的第二控制旋件示意图。
图14为实施例一中的旋转支撑件示意图。
图15为实施例一中的第一控制旋件、第二控制旋件和旋转支撑件的装配示意图。
图16为实施例一中的离合器控制座示意图。
图17为实施例一中的离合器控制座装配示意图。
图18为实施例一中的离合器、飞轮座和行星架之间的周向位置示意图。
图19为实施例一中的离合器在与行星架结合状态下的示意图。
图20为实施例一中的离合器在与行星架分离状态下的示意图。
图21为实施例一中的中心轮的双向离合控制组件的装配示意图。
图22为实施例一中的棘齿在中心轮上的安装示意图。
图23为实施例一中的第一棘爪、第二棘爪的示意图。
图24为实施例一中的第三棘爪、第四棘爪的示意图。
图25为实施例一中对应第一中心轮上的第一棘爪座安装示意图(去除第一棘爪控制座)。
图26为实施例一中的第一棘爪控制座示意图。
图27为实施例一中的第一中心轮在一个方向上的锁止控制示意图。
图28为实施例一中的第一中心轮在另一个方向上的锁止控制示意图。
图29为实施例一中的第二中心轮的其中一个方向的控制示意图。
图30为实施例一中的操纵机构示意图。
图31为实施例一中的旋转传动件示意图。
图32为实施例一中的旋转传动件相对于第二珠架的装配示意图。
图33为实施例一中的第一扭簧装配示意图。
图34为实施例一中的第二扭簧装配示意图。
图35为实施例一中的操纵组件示意图。
图36为实施例二中的操纵机构示意图。
图37为实施例二中的操纵机构控制扭簧安装示意图。
图38为实施例二中的操纵机构定位钢球安装示意图。
图39为实施例二中的第二控制旋件示意图。
图40为实施例二中的操纵机构转接件示意图。
图41为实施例二中的挡位定位座示意图。
图42为实施例二中的定位钢球在换挡到位后的状态示意图。
图43为实施例二中的定位钢球在换挡过程中的状态示意图。
图44为实施例二中的电控组件示意图。
图45为实施例一和实施例二中的花鼓上的刹车安装部示意图。
图46为实施例一和实施例二中的五速内变速器在一挡时的传动路线示意图。
图47为实施例一和实施例二中的五速内变速器在二挡时的传动路线示意图。
图48为实施例一和实施例二中的五速内变速器在三挡时的传动路线示意图。
图49为实施例一和实施例二中的五速内变速器在四挡时的传动路线示意图。
图50为实施例一和实施例二中的五速内变速器在五挡时的传动路线示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例一
参见图1和图2,图示中的五速内变速器为本发明的优选实施方案,具体包括飞轮座11、行星轮系2、花鼓31、离合器4、超越离合组件5、中心轮双向离合控制组件6、操纵机构7、车轴9以及若干密封件。
本实施例采用一组双联行星轮系作为传动装置,其中双中心轮23装配在车轴9上,车轴9不转动,双中心轮23通过中心轮双向离合控制组件6实现与车轴之间的空转解锁或双向锁止,通过双联行星轮24与内齿圈22啮合,双联行星轮24通过轴转动装配在行星架21上,通过飞轮座11作为动力输入件,飞轮12传过来的旋转动力输入行星轮系,传动至花鼓31输出到车轮,飞轮座11通过离合器4与行星架21连接,同时,飞轮座11通过超越离合组件5与内齿圈22连接,行星架21与内齿圈22分别可作为行星轮系的传动输出件,行星架21通过第二单向传动件313与花鼓31内壁固定镶嵌的第二衬套312同轴装配,内齿圈22则通过超越离合组件5与花鼓31内壁固定镶嵌的第一衬套311同轴装配。双中心轮23的两组中心轮分别与车轴之间设有中心轮双向离合控制组件6,离合器4和中心轮双向离合控制组件6均通过内变速器的操纵机构7连接。
参见图2至图9,以下详细说明本实施例中的超越离合组件的具体技术方案。
结合图2至图5,超越离合组件5包括保持架51、第一单向传动件52以及若干滚动元件53,保持架51为筒体构件,转动装配于内齿圈22上,同时保持架51通过第一单向传动件52与飞轮座11上的第一单向传动件安装面1102装配。若干滚动元件53以超越离合机构的布置方式均匀设置在内齿圈22和花 鼓的第一衬套311内壁之间,在滚动元件53之间的内齿圈22上设有内齿圈传动凸起221,保持架51的端面周向上设有若干保持块511,保持块511之间依次形成两种槽体,其中一种槽体将装配后的滚动元件53形成限位保持,另一种槽体则将内齿圈传动凸起221对应,使得滚动元件53和内齿圈传动凸起221之间均通过保持块511进行分隔。
关于滚动元件53的超越离合机构布置方式,可参考超越离合器的滚动体设置方式。具体在本实施例中,在内齿圈22与花鼓的第一衬套311内壁空套连接的外周上通过斜面设置若干低位槽,滚动元件53装配在低位槽中,在内齿圈22的转速大于花鼓的转速时,滚动元件53会在斜面的作用下向上推至与花鼓内壁的楔形空间222(如图9所示),直至将内齿圈22与花鼓的第一衬套311的内壁卡紧,形成可靠的动力传递连接,由内齿圈22带动花鼓转动,若花鼓的转速超过内齿圈22,则花鼓的第一衬套311和滚动元件53的动力传递分离失效。
结合图6到图9中所示,与飞轮座11单向传动连接的保持架51通过保持块511和内齿圈传动凸起221接触,能够将动力传递至内齿圈22上,飞轮座11与行星架21之间的离合器4分离,此时动力由飞轮座11从内齿圈22传入行星轮系,从行星架21输出动力至花鼓;若飞轮座11与行星架21之间通过离合器4接合,此时动力由飞轮座11从行星架21传入行星轮系,当固定其中一个中心轮时,由于传动比的改变,内齿圈22的转速超过连接飞轮座11的保持架51,滚动元件53形成超越离合,内齿圈22通过滚动元件53形成动力传递连接,由内齿圈22传递动力至花鼓输出,此时内齿圈22同样带动保持架51同速转动,保持架51通过第一单向传动件52超越飞轮座11。当中心轮均不固定,处于自由状态时,此时动力由飞轮座1从行星架42输出动力至花鼓51,此时为直接挡。
保持架51和滚动元件53以及内齿圈传动凸起221之间的距离设置,应当保证滚动元件53能够正常地在内齿圈22和花鼓的第一衬套311之间的楔形空 间内完成超越离合动作。当离合器与行星架分离时,保证保持块211与传动凸起411接触时,保持块211将滚动元件23推至内齿圈低位槽,与花鼓内圈完全分离;当离合器与行星架接合时,内齿圈斜面将传动元件23推至与花鼓内圈传动连接时,保持块211与传动凸起之间保留一定空间。
滚动元件53可采用圆柱件或圆球件。
本实施例中所指的第一单向传动件52及第二单向传动件313均为圆柱体作为滚动体的单向超越离合器,但还可采用其他具备单向超越功能的传动件。
在本实施例的五速内变速器中,内齿圈22和行星架21分别与花鼓的第一衬套311连接,其中内齿圈22通过超越离合组件5与花鼓的第一衬套311连接,行星架21通过第二单向传动件313与花鼓的第一衬套311连接,花鼓的内壁分别设置第一衬套311和第二衬套312分别与内齿圈22和行星架21连接。
由上所述,本实施例的五速内变速器根据与输出件的连接可初步分为行星架输出和内齿圈输出两种模式。
在行星架输出模式中,控制离合器4将飞轮座11和行星架21之间分离,此时飞轮座11的动力通过第一单向传动件52传递至保持架51,通过保持块511推动内齿圈22上的传动块221,传递动力至内齿圈22,此时保持块将传动元件推至内齿圈低位槽,与花鼓内圈分离,内齿圈无法通过传动元件将动力传递至花鼓,动力从内齿圈22进入行星轮系,通过传动后从行星架21输出,行星架21通过第二单向传动件313传递动力至花鼓的第二衬套312,保持块511将滚动元件推向内齿圈上的低位槽,滚动元件与花鼓第一衬套311分离,超越离合组件不起作用,如图6和图7所示。
在内齿圈输出模式中,控制离合器4将飞轮座11和行星架21之间接合,此时飞轮座11的动力直接传递至行星架21,动力从行星架21进入行星轮系,通过传动后从内齿圈22输出,内齿圈22的转速超过行星架的转速,此时内齿圈22和花鼓的第一衬套311之间滚动体进入楔形空间222,将内齿圈22和花鼓的第一衬套311之间顶紧连接,实现动力从花鼓输出,花鼓的转速超越行星 架21,第二单向传动件313失效。
当行星轮系中的太阳轮均处于自由状态时,飞轮座动力通过离合器,直接由行星架21,经过第二单向传动件313输出至花鼓。
在上述两种输出模式的基础上,再结合本实施例中的行星轮系2中的双联行星轮24及双中心轮23均为两组(太阳轮不是双联齿轮),通过两个齿轮速比调整,实现在以上两种模式中的变速挡位叠加。
以下结合图10至图20,详细说明本实施例中的离合器的技术方案。
如图10和图11所示,飞轮座11作为内变速器的动力输入件与自行车的动力飞轮连接,转动安装在车轴9上,花鼓31作为内变速器的动力输出件,分别与行星轮系2的内齿圈22、行星架21连接,参见图3,在飞轮座11上分别设有设置离合器安装槽1101和第一单向传动件安装面1102,飞轮座11的离合器安装槽1101上通过装配离合器4与行星轮系2的行星架21连接,行星架21通过第二单向传动件313与花鼓的第一衬套311连接,内齿圈22通过超越离合组件5与花鼓的第一衬套311连接,同时飞轮座11上的第一单向传动件安装面1102通过装配第一单向传动件52与超越离合组件5连接。
行星架21用于安装双联行星轮24,同时通过双联行星轮24的公转实现动力的输出。本实施例中的行星架21一端直接与飞轮座11一端部分空套装配,离合器4采用圆环型构件滑动套装在车轴上,在离合器4的周向上设有若干组离合凸块401,离合凸块401嵌装在飞轮座11的离合器安装槽1101中,离合器安装槽1101沿飞轮座11和行星架21空套的端部轴向设置,离合器4可沿离合器安装槽1101轴向滑移,空套在飞轮座11上的行星架21端部沿周向设有若干对应离合凸块401的离合凹槽211,离合器4通过轴向滑移实现嵌入或脱离离合凹槽211,实现飞轮座11和行星架21之间的分离和接合。
为减小离合器4的离合凸块401嵌入行星架21上的离合凹槽211的刚性撞击,在离合凹槽211的非传动方向的侧面设置楔面,方便离合凸块401过渡嵌入及退出。
如图11所示,离合器4的轴向滑移通过离合器连接的离合机构实现,该离合机构包括第一控制旋件41、第二控制旋件42、离合器4、旋转支撑件44、离合器控制座45、离合器座46、弹簧47等部件。其中第一控制旋件41、第二控制旋件42和旋转支撑件44用于输入控制离合器的旋转运动,离合器控制座45和离合器座46用于通过凸轮传动将旋转动力转换为轴向力,进而推动离合器4轴向移动,实现离合动作。弹簧47用于离合器4的回位。
参见图12,本实施例中的第一控制旋件41为离合动力输入件,分为两段,其中一段为筒体,第一控制旋件41通过该筒体转动套装在内变速器的车轴9上,与离合动力系统连接,第一控制旋件41通过离合动力系统的驱动绕车轴转动,另一段延伸设置中心轮控制杆4102,用于同步控制内变速中行星轮系的中心轮锁止和解锁。
参见图13、图14和图15,第二控制旋件42通过旋转支撑件44与第一控制旋件41传动连接,本实施例中的第二控制旋件42和旋转支撑件44为离合动力传递至离合器的动力传动件,第二控制旋件42为筒体构件,用于将动力传递至离合器,旋转支撑件44为回转支架结构,用于支撑第二控制旋件42并传递动力。
参见图14和图15,旋转支撑件44套装在第一控制旋件2上,在第一控制旋件41的筒体端部设有对称的第一传动凹槽4101,在旋转支撑件44的内圈设有对应的第一传动凸起4404,第一传动凸起4404和第一传动凹槽4101嵌合,实现第一控制旋件41和旋转支撑件44之间的周向动力传递。
第二控制旋件42整体采用筒体结构,与旋转支撑件44同轴转动装配。
旋转支撑件44上设有若干第二控制旋件安装凸块4401,第二控制旋件安装凸块4401以旋转支撑件44的旋转轴心为圆心布置在同一圆周上,该圆周的大小与第二控制旋件42的筒体内径匹配,第二控制旋件42转动套装在第二控制旋件安装凸块4401形成的外圆周上。同时,在第二控制旋件42的端面设有对称的两个第二传动凹槽4201,在第二控制旋件安装凸块4401的外圆周外还 设置由对应的第二传动凸起4402,第二控制旋件42套装在第二控制旋件安装凸块4401所形成的外圆周的同时,第二传动凸起4402和第二传动凹槽4201相互嵌合,实现旋转支撑件44和第二控制旋件42之间的轴向动力传递。对称的两个传动凸槽和传动凸起分别设计为宽度不一,装配时只能有一种装配方式,防呆设计。
第二控制旋件42的轴向方向上设有限制离合器4轴向滑移的滑动凹槽4202。
在实际应用中,第二控制旋件42还可以通过其外圆周插装在第二控制旋件安装凸块4401形成的内圆周中,根据安装方式的不同,可在第二控制旋件安装凸块4401的内表面或外表面可设置成相应的弧面,便于与第二控制旋件42转动配合。
本实施例中的第一控制旋件41和旋转支撑件44之间以及旋转支撑件44和第二控制旋件42之间的传动凸块和传动凹槽的位置关系可相互调换。
旋转支撑件44的外径还设有第二扭簧安装凸起4403,用于安装扭簧,使第一控制旋件41、第二控制旋件42及旋转支撑件44构成的旋转动力组件转动后回位。
参见图16和图17,本实施例中的离合器控制座45固定套装在车轴9上,其上设有凸轮结构4501。离合器控制座45的内圆分为三部分,其中一部分为车轴安装弧段4502,与车轴9的外周接触,在车轴安装弧段4502的两端设有对称的周向定位凸块4504,与车轴上设置的轴向开槽对应,实现离合器控制座45与车轴9之间的周向定位安装,剩下的为中心轮控制杆穿过弧段4503,该弧段的半径大于车轴的半径,装配后与车轴外圆周形成一个弧形空间,可供控制内变速器行星轮系的中心轮锁止和解锁的中心轮控制杆穿过。
在本实施例中,中心轮控制杆4102与第一控制旋件41一体设置,中心轮控制杆4102贴设在车轴上,随第一控制旋件41的动作可绕车轴轴线转动,同步控制远端的第一中心轮的棘爪锁止和关闭,同时在第二控制旋件42的内圆 设置用于控制近端第二中心轮棘爪的第二棘爪控制器622,控制离合器的同时,分别实现对双中心轮的双向离合控制。另外,第二旋转件端部也可与中心轮锁止和解锁的转动控制结构连接,用于对采用多联行星轮系内变速器的其他中心轮进行锁止和解锁控制。
图11中的离合器座46用于装配离合器4,同时分别与第二控制旋件42和离合器控制座45连接,实现离合过程的旋转运动和轴向运动的转换。
具体的,离合器4套装在离合器座46的外圆周上,在离合器座46上设有分别对应离合器两端的轴向定位结构,限定离合器4在离合器座46上的轴向位移。本实施例中了离合器轴向定位结构分为设置在离合器座46端部的离合器限位台阶,以及设置在离合器另一端的卡簧槽,通过安装卡簧和离合器限位台阶限定离合器的两侧轴向移动,同时在离合器4的两端面均设置环形的垫片,降低离合器在结合转动过程中与离合器座轴向定位结构的摩擦。
离合器座46的内圈设有两组对称的离合限位凸块4601,离合限位凸块4601滑动嵌入第二控制旋件42上的两组轴向的滑动凹槽4202,并可沿滑动凹槽4202轴向滑动。
本实施例的第二控制旋件42上的第二传动凹槽4201和滑动凹槽4202可设置在同一槽体内,降低零件开槽的数量,提高零件强度。安装时先将离合器座46上的离合限位凸块4601装入,再将第二控制旋件42通过第二传动凹槽4201与旋转支撑件44装配。
离合器座46上的离合限位凸块4601在嵌入第二控制旋件42的滑动凹槽4202后,延伸至与离合器控制座45上的两组凸轮结构4501接触,在通过第一控制旋件41、旋转支撑件44和第二控制旋件42传递的旋转运动带动离合器座46转动的同时,离合器控制座45上的凸轮结构面推动(或者弹簧推动)离合器座46沿滑动凹槽4202进行轴向滑动,实现离合器4的轴向动作,进而完成离合动作。
弹簧47压缩设置在离合器座46和旋转支撑件44之间,将离合器座46上 的离合限位凸块4601始终压紧在离合器控制座45的凸轮结构4501上。
参见图18,本实施例中的离合器4安装在飞轮座11和内变速器内部的行星架21之间,行星架21一端直接与飞轮座11一端部分空套装配,离合器4采用圆环型构件滑动套装在车轴上,在离合器4的周向上设有若干组离合凸块401,离合凸块401嵌装在飞轮座11的离合器安装槽1101中,离合器安装槽1101沿飞轮座11和行星架21空套的端部轴向设置,离合器4可沿离合器安装槽1101轴向滑移,空套在飞轮座11上的行星架21端部沿周向设有若干对应离合凸块401的离合凹槽211,离合器4通过本实施例的离合机构轴向滑移实现嵌入或脱离离合凹槽211,实现飞轮座11和行星架21之间的分离和接合。
以下结合图19和图20详细说明本实施例的离合器动作过程。
如图19所示,操纵机构驱动旋转支撑件44转动一定角度,带动第一控制旋件41和第二控制旋件42转动相同角度,第二控制旋件42带动离合器座46转动的同时,在离合器控制座45的凸轮配合作用下,推动离合限位凸块到凸轮结构的高位,将离合器座46向右推动,将其上装配的离合器4一同向右推,实现飞轮座和行星架之间的动力分离。
如图20所示,操纵机构驱动旋转支撑件44回转相同角度,带动第一控制旋件41和第二控制旋件42回转相同角度,第二控制旋件42带动离合器座46回转,离合限位凸块在弹簧的作用下回到凸轮结构的低位,将离合器座46向左推动,将其上装配的离合器4一同向左推,实现飞轮座和行星架之间的动力接合。
以下结合图21至图29详细说明本实施例的中心轮双向离合控制组件的技术方案。
参见图21和图22,中心轮双向离合控制组件用于实现图示中的第一中心轮231、第二中心轮232在正反转的过程中,分别实现与车轴9之间的锁止和解锁。本实施例中所指的锁止是指中心轮在一个转动方向上与轴之间周向定位,在行星轮系的传动过程中,中心轮随轴一同不转动。解锁是指中心轮在与 轴之间没有周向定位,中心轮空套在轴上,在行星轮系传动过程中,中心轮可以自由转动。
如图22所示,本实施例的五速内变速器采用双中心轮,其中第一中心轮231和第二中心轮232分别设置一组中心轮双向离合控制机构,并分别通过离合器的第一控制旋件41和第二控制旋件42控制离合动作。
以第一中心轮231为例详细说明中心轮双向离合控制机构的具体方案。
第一中心轮231装配的中心轮双向离合机构包括第一棘爪61、第二棘爪62、第一棘爪座611和第一棘爪控制器612。
关于棘爪的具体结构,结合参见图23,第一棘爪61和第二棘爪62特征对称,包括安装部6101、控制部6102和棘齿部6103,另一中心轮装配的第三棘爪61’和第四棘爪62’的结构与其相似,如图24所示。
第一棘爪座611用于安装第一棘爪61和第二棘爪62,同时还用于与第一中心轮231的内圈转动装配。
结合参见图25,第一棘爪座611内圈通过周向定位凸起嵌套在车轴9上,与车轴9之间周向定位装配。第一棘爪61和第二棘爪62对称装配在第一棘爪座611用于与第一中心轮231装配的圆周上,第一棘爪座611上设有能够容纳棘爪解锁状态下的空间,对称设置的第一棘爪61和第二棘爪62通过棘爪弹簧614安装在第一棘爪座611上,保持两个棘爪的初始为弹出状态,即在没有第一棘爪控制器的约束下,第一棘爪61和第二棘爪62能够在棘爪弹簧614的作用下伸出第一棘爪座611的外圆周面,与第一中心轮231内圈对应的棘槽嵌合。关于棘爪通过棘爪弹簧装配并保持弹出状态的技术,可参照现有的自行车内变速器的中心轮棘爪控制技术,本实施例在此不做赘述。
第一棘爪61和第二棘爪62的安装部6101为部分圆柱体,圆柱部分装配在第一棘爪座611的棘爪安装槽6111中,并可实现棘爪的部分角度摆动;第一棘爪61和第二棘爪62的控制部6102则用于与第一棘爪控制器612接触,第一棘爪控制器612通过棘爪的控制部6102实现棘爪的约束限位;第一棘爪 61和第二棘爪62的棘齿部6103用于弹出后与第一中心轮231内圈的棘槽2311嵌合,分别实现对中心轮两个转动方向上的锁止。
结合参见图26至图28,第一棘爪控制器612与第一棘爪座611转动装配,其转动装配的位置位于对应安装后的棘爪控制部6102的周向区域,通过转动第一棘爪控制器612不会影响到第一棘爪座611和第一中心轮231之间的相互运动关系。
在第一棘爪控制器612与第一棘爪座611装配的内圈设有压制弧段6121和弹起缺槽6122,压制弧段6121用于约束棘爪的控制部6102,将第一棘爪61或第二棘爪62处于压制状态,弹起缺槽6122用于解除对棘爪的控制部6102的约束,将第一棘爪61或第二棘爪62处于弹起状态。
第一棘爪控制器612的另一端可转动套装在车轴9上作为支撑,同时可通过在第一棘爪控制器612的轴面安装内圈设置棘爪控制槽6124,通过棘爪控制槽6124与第一控制旋件41连接,进而通过离合旋转控制系统驱动第一棘爪控制器612转动。
第一中心轮231的内圈均匀设有若干棘槽2311,棘槽2311的两侧面分别可以与弹起状态下的第一棘爪61和第二棘爪62的棘齿部嵌合。
第一棘爪控制器612的压制弧段6121和弹起缺槽6122依次交替沿第一棘爪控制器612的内圈分布成闭环,在压制弧段6121的两端均设置过渡斜面6125用于推动棘爪的控制部,即第一棘爪控制器612在两个转动方向上均能完成对第一棘爪61和第二棘爪62的控制。
如图27中所示,第一棘爪控制器612逆时针转动,其上右侧的弹起缺槽6122将第二棘爪62设置为弹起状态,第二棘爪62上的棘齿部6103与第一中心轮231内圈的棘槽2311侧面嵌合,此时第二棘爪62限定了第一中心轮231逆时针方向转动,同时第一棘爪控制器612左侧的压制弧段6121通过棘爪的控制部6102将第一棘爪61压制在第一棘爪座611内,此时第一棘爪61不对第一中心轮231的转动形成限制。
如图28中所示,第一棘爪控制器612顺指针转动,第一棘爪控制器612上左侧的弹起缺槽6122解除对第一棘爪61的约束,使第一棘爪61为弹起状态,其上的棘齿部与第一中心轮231内圈的棘槽侧面嵌合,此时第一棘爪61限定了第一中心轮231的顺时针方向转动,同时第一棘爪控制器612右侧的压制弧段6121通过棘爪的控制部将第二棘爪62压制在第一棘爪座611内,此时第二棘爪62不对第一中心轮231的转动形成限制。
本实施例中的第一棘爪控制器612的压制弧段6121可同时将第一棘爪61和第二棘爪62处于压制状态,使第一中心轮231相对于第一棘爪座611处于空转状态。
设置在压制弧段6121两端的过渡斜面6125能够保证第一棘爪控制器612在任意一个转动方向上均能够通过棘爪的控制部6102将棘齿部6103从第一中心轮231的棘槽2311中推出,因而实现第一棘爪控制器612对第一棘爪61和第二棘爪62的连续控制。
结合图24和图29,本实施例中的第二中心轮232安装的第三棘爪61’和第四棘爪62’的结构与第一棘爪61和第二棘爪62类似,对应的第二棘爪座621、第二棘爪控制器622的设置方式与上述的第一中心轮231相同,第二棘爪控制器622通过第二控制旋件42连接至离合旋转控制系统,如图13所示,实现第二中心轮的双向离合控制。
本实施例的五速内变速器以双中心轮的行星轮系作为传动装置,分别通过两组中心轮的锁止和解锁,具备双向的两组的传动速比,在中心轮同向转动的过程中,传动方向从行星轮系的内齿圈到行星架的传动路线上具备两组速比的基础上,中心轮反向转动的时候,传动方向从行星轮系的行星架到中心轮还具备两组速比,实现了在不增加传动机构的基础上,提高行星轮系的传动速比。
参照图21,在本实施例中,双中心轮的第二中心轮232靠近控制端设置,其第二棘爪控制器622直接与第二控制旋件42周向定位连接或一体设置,通过第二控制旋件42与控制端的旋转支撑件外周连接,同时该旋转支撑件的内 端与控制第一中心轮231离合动作的第一控制旋件41连接,通过第一控制旋件41依次穿过第二棘爪座621和第一棘爪座611与第一棘爪控制器612连接。
再次参见图12和图13,第一控制旋件41分为旋转筒部4103、中心轮控制杆4102和控制块4104,旋转筒部4103转动套装在车轴9上,一端通过周向定位结构与旋转支撑件连接,中心轮控制杆4102从旋转筒部4103的筒壁沿沿轴向延伸,控制块4104设置在中心轮控制杆4102的延伸端部。在第二棘爪座621、第一棘爪座611与车轴9的安装内圈上设有一段直径大于轴径的弧段,在将棘爪座装配在轴上后,该弧段与轴之间形成一段弧形空间,可供中心轮控制杆4102和控制块4104穿过,并且中心轮控制杆4102在该弧形空间内具有一定的转动角度,足够实现控制第一棘爪控制器612的转动角度。
在第一棘爪控制器612与轴装配的轴面安装内圈6123上,设有一端与控制块4104嵌合的棘爪控制槽6124,第一控制旋件41的中心轮控制杆4102穿过第二棘爪座621和第一棘爪座611后,端部的控制块4104与第一棘爪控制器612的棘爪控制槽6124嵌合,第一棘爪控制器612通过轴面安装内圈和嵌合后的控制块4104转动装配在车轴9上,在第一控制旋件41的转动下,带动第一棘爪控制器612转动。
由于双中心轮的行星轮系特点,在控制第一中心轮231和第二中心轮232时,应当保持最多锁止其中一个中心轮,同时锁止两个中心轮会导致行星轮系锁死。
以下结合图30至图35详细说明本实施例中的操纵机构的技术方案。
参见图30,操纵机构包括第一扭簧71、第二扭簧72、旋转传动件73、第一控制旋件41、车轴9、操纵组件76等部件。
其中,旋转传动件73连接内变速器外部的操纵组件76和内变速器内部的第一控制旋件41,为操纵组件76与第一控制旋件41之间的旋转动力传递部件,通过内变速器外部的操纵组件76控制内变速器内部的第一控制旋件41转动,实现对内变速器内部的变速执行机构的控制。
参见图31,旋转传动件73与旋转控制安装座731一同转动套装在车轴9上,在旋转控制安装座731上设有用于安装操纵组件76的操纵安装段7311。
本实施例中的旋转传动件73和旋转控制安装座731的主体均为筒状结构,在旋转传动件73的一端设置与旋转控制安装座731的两组沿轴向布置的传动杆7301,对应的在旋转控制安装座731的内圈设有与传动杆7301端部对应嵌合的操纵传动凹槽7312,通过将两组传动杆7301与操纵传动凹槽7312嵌装,实现旋转传动件73和旋转控制安装座731之间的周向定位连接。
旋转传动件73的另一端设置两组操纵传动凸起7302,用于将操纵组件的旋转动力传递至第一控制旋件41。
旋转传动件73和旋转控制安装座731分别位于内变速器的第二珠架812的两侧,第二珠架812周向定位安装在车轴9上,用于转动安装连接自行车传动系统的飞轮座。
参见图32,第二珠架812内圈设有两组第二珠架周向定位凸起,与车轴9上的凹槽嵌合安装,同时,在旋转传动件73和旋转控制安装座731组成的转动组件通过套筒734转动安装在车轴9上,套筒734的端部设有凹槽,与第二珠架812的第二珠架周向定位凸起嵌合,固定套装在车轴9上。旋转传动件73的传动杆7301穿过第二珠架812内圈的安装内壁与套筒734形成两个对称的近半圆弧通道,旋转传动件73和旋转控制安装座731转动的过程中,两组控制杆301在两个半圆弧通道内转动。
在旋转传动件73上沿不同的轴向位置设有第一扭簧安装槽7303和第二扭簧安装槽7304,分别用于安装第一扭簧71和第二扭簧72。
参见图33,旋转传动件73通过第一扭簧71与车轴上的周向定位安装的固定座732连接,固定座732为圆环构件,其内圈设有固定座周向定位凸起,用于周向定位套装在车轴9的轴向定位凹槽中,在固定座的外圆周上设有若干用于连接第一扭簧的第一扭簧安装凸起7322,第一扭簧71采用螺旋簧片,其螺旋内端和外端分别设置成钩体,分别钩嵌在旋转传动件73的第一扭簧安装槽 7303和固定座732的第一扭簧安装凸起7322上。
固定座732上还同轴设有一扭簧连接座733,用于将第一扭簧71和第二扭簧72分开。在扭簧连接座733上设有内外两圈若干折弯的弧形凸起,其中内圈的第一扭簧定位凸起7331所形成的内圈用于容纳第一扭簧71的外圈,外圈的连接座周向定位凸起7332与固定座732上的第一扭簧安装凸起7322在同一圆周上,并相互交替嵌套,形成扭簧连接座733和固定座732之间的周向定位,第一扭簧71可直接钩在连接座周向定位凸起7332上,实现与固定座732之间的连接。
参见图34,旋转传动件73同时通过第二扭簧72与第一控制旋件41连接的旋转支撑件44连接,旋转支撑件44用于与第一控制旋件41周向定位连接,传递旋转传动件73传递的旋转动力,同时能够同时连接多个挡位控制旋件,实现多个变速执行机构的同时操纵。
旋转支撑件44的外圈设置有用于连接第二扭簧的第二扭簧安装凸起4403,第二扭簧72与第一扭簧相似,采用螺旋簧片,其螺旋内端和外端分别设置成钩体,分别钩嵌在旋转传动件73的第二扭簧安装槽7304和旋转支撑件44的第二扭簧安装凸起4403上。
如图14所示,旋转支撑件44的内圈设置第一传动凸起4404,第一控制旋件41主体圆筒体,其内圈直径与旋转支撑件44的内圈直径相同,其一端设有与第一传动凸起4404对应嵌合的第一传动凹槽4101,第一传动凹槽4101和第一传动凸起4404嵌合后的旋转支撑件44和第一控制旋件41一体转动套装在车轴9上,第一控制旋件41的另一端设置控制块4104并延伸至内变速器内部的第一中心轮的双向离合控制组件。在旋转支撑件44的外圆周上还设置若干圆周凸起,驱动连接至离合器和第二中心轮的双向离合控制组件。
本实施例中的第一扭簧71和第二扭簧72分别提供在换挡操作时的阻尼,同时蓄能作为旋转传动件73回位的动力。
结合参见图33至图34,其中第二扭簧72还用作带动第一控制旋件41转 动的传动件,旋转传动件73上的第二扭簧安装槽7304设置在操纵传动凸起7302的一侧,第一控制旋件41的第一传动凹槽4101与旋转支撑件44周向嵌合后,会伸出一段与旋转传动件73前端的操纵传动凸起7302嵌合,操纵传动凸起7302在第一传动凹槽4101之间具有转动空间,在操作换挡的过程中,旋转传动件73通过第二扭簧会带动旋转支撑件44并最终带动第一控制旋件41转动。第一扭簧71和第二扭簧72的扭力方向与旋转传动机构正向转动换挡的方向相反,并且第二扭簧71的弹力应当大于第一扭簧72。
换挡过程初始阶段,旋转传动件73在操纵组件的控制下,首先带动第二扭簧72发生弹性变形,接着第二扭簧72变形产生的弹性作用力会驱使旋转支撑件44及旋转传动件73一同转动,实现内变速器的挡位执行机构动作。
如果在换挡操作时,当配合的传动机构不在位时,此时挡位执行机构不能到位,但是旋转传动件73仍能够正常转动,此时对第二扭簧72和第一扭簧71做功,使其弹性变形,此时旋转传动件73及旋转支撑件44由于挡位执行机构的卡滞并不转动,当对于对应挡位的传动机构配合到位后,此时旋转传动件73及旋转支撑件44在第二扭簧72的弹性作用力下转动,控制挡位执行机构进行换挡动作。
本实施例中的第一扭簧71用于保障旋转传动件73转动换挡后的回位。通常情况下,旋转传动件73在通过第二扭簧72带动旋转支撑件44和第一控制旋件41转动换挡后,会在挡位执行机构的回位弹簧的作用下,由第一控制旋件41及旋转支撑件44反向通过第二扭簧72带动旋转传动件73回位,但是如果此时对应的挡位执行机构因为传动机构的不在位而发生卡滞,此时旋转传动件73则会因为第一控制旋件41及旋转支撑件44的卡滞而不能够正常回位,在这种情况下,本实施例的旋转传动件73可以在第一扭簧71的弹性作用下进行回位,
旋转传动件73通过第二扭簧72与第一控制旋件周向传动连接的旋转支撑件44弹性传动连接,旋转传动件73的操纵传动凸起7302位于第一控制旋件 41的第一传动凹槽4101之间(结合参见图15),并且在第一控制旋件41的第一传动凹槽4101之间设置供操纵传动凸起7302自由转动的空转距离,该空转距离至少能够保证旋转传动件转动在第一传动凹槽4101内转动一个挡位。在旋转控制件73换挡转动时,通过第二扭簧72带动旋转支撑件44转动,在转动一个挡位的角度后,若第一控制旋件或第二控制旋件连接的换挡执行机构未发生卡滞,则第二扭簧73的弹力直接带动与旋转支撑件44周向传动连接的第一控制旋件或第二控制旋件转动,若换挡执行机构发生卡滞,则第二扭簧72的弹性变形持续保持,直到换挡执行机构的卡滞消除,第二扭簧72的弹力再带动旋转支撑件44转动换挡,提高了换挡操作的手感。
参见图35,本实施例中的操纵组件76可拆卸装配在旋转控制安装座731上,包括拉线座761、拉线导向板762、拉线导向座763和限位固定座764。
结合参见图31,在拉线座761的内圈设有周向定位凹槽,与旋转控制安装座731的操纵安装段7311的拉线座周向定位凸起7313滑动嵌合,拉线驱动拉线座761转动即可带动旋转控制安装座731及其连接的旋转传动件73转动。
拉线座761圆周上设有用于放置拉线的线槽,拉线座761的端面上有U形槽,宽度比拉线接头直径略大,拉线接头固定拉线尾端后,可轻松放入U形槽内并将拉线单方向锁紧,U形槽开口方向根据拉线方向灵活设置,从拉线座往第二珠架方向看,当拉线逆时针方向拉动拉线座时,U形槽朝右边,反之则朝左边,本实施例五速内变速器采用逆时针方向拉动拉线座;在拉线座761的端面上还可设有螺钉孔,通过安装螺钉穿过圆周线槽,限制拉线从线槽中脱出。
限位固定座764的内圆有两个对称平面,与轴上扁位紧固配合,实现周向,限位固定座764的外圆为阶梯圆,其中直径较小圆有两个对称扁位,用于与拉线导向板762周向定位装配,其上有用于安装轴向卡簧7641的卡簧圆槽。
拉线导向板762的内圆面上有两平面,与限位固定座两扁平面紧固装配,拉线导向板762的其中一个端面由限位固定座764上的轴肩限位,另一端面由轴向卡簧7641限位固定;拉线导向板762的长杆尾端有一矩形块凸起,与拉 线导向座763上的矩形槽配合,拉线导向座763上设有一供拉线穿过的孔,拉线通过接头从该孔穿过,绕拉线座761上的圆周线槽,尾端通过拉线接头固定,卡位于拉线座761的U形槽内。
安装时,先将拉线的接头紧固于拉线尾端,将拉线接头放入拉线座761的U形槽内,旋转拉线座761,将拉线导向座763的矩形槽放入拉线导向板762的矩形凸起上,简单方便。
在旋转控制安装座731的操纵安装段7311上设有定位轴肩7314,用于拉线座761的轴向定位,限位固定座764固定装配在旋转控制安装座731的外端车轴上,在车轴的端部通过螺母等轴端锁紧件可实现操纵机构以及内变速器内部结构的整体轴向定位,拉线导向座763通过拉线导向板762固定在限位固定座764上,通过轴向卡簧7641轴向固定。通过拆除限位固定座764上的轴向卡簧7641,可将拉线导向板、拉线导向座等从限位固定座764上拆下,然后将拉线座761从旋转控制安装座731上拆下,实现操纵组件整体从内变速器上拆下,而不会影响到内变速器内部的传动结构,实现快速拆装操纵组件或飞轮。
操纵组件76的拉线座761通过拉线与转动控制机构连接,本实施例中的转动控制机构可通过自行车的指拨机构或转拨机构实现,指拨机构和转拨机构为自行车常用零部件,本领域技术人员可根据实际设计要求选用,本实施例在此不随其具体技术方案进行赘述。
在操作本实施例的内变速器过程中,将内变速器的速比由高向低进行减挡的过程中,通过拉线驱动拉线座使第一扭簧及第二扭簧蓄力,控制离合器和中心轮的离合配合关系,实现内变速器的多挡位输出,这样的设置能够使减挡操作过程中更加省力。
本实施例中的飞轮座11通过第二珠架812转动装配在车轴9上,花鼓31的一端通过第一珠架811转动装配在飞轮座11上,另一端通过第三珠架813转动装配在车轴9上,将内部的双联行星轮系、离合器、中心轮双向离合控制组件及超越离合组件等封装在花鼓壳体内部。
在花鼓31和飞轮座11之间设有第一密封件801和第二密封件802,在飞轮座11和操纵机构7的操纵组件之间设有第三密封件803,在操纵组件7的旋转传动件和车轴9之间设有第四密封件804,在花鼓31和车轴9之间设有第五密封圈805,实现五速内变速器内部的密封,避免外部灰尘及水侵入内变速器内部,同时可在内变速器的内部填装润滑油,提高传动装置的传动润滑性能。
实施例二
本实施例与实施例一的不同之处在于,本实施例的操纵机构采用电动控制,以下结合图36至图44详细说明本实施例中的电动操纵机构的技术方案。
参见图36,本实施例中的电动操纵机构具体包括控制扭簧74、旋转传动件73、第一控制旋件411、第二控制旋件42、车轴9、电控组件75、转接件77、挡位定位座771等部件。
其中,旋转传动件73的作用与实施例一相同,分别连接内变速器外部的电控组件75和内变速器内部的挡位控制旋件,为电控组件75与挡位控制旋件之间的旋转动力传递部件,通过内变速器外部的电控组件75控制内变速器内部的挡位控制旋件转动,实现对内变速器内部的变速执行机构的电动控制。
旋转传动件73与旋转控制安装座731一同转动套装在车轴9上,通过旋转控制安装座731与内变速器外部设置的电控组件75连接,在旋转控制安装座731上设有用于连接电控组件75的操纵安装段7311。
本实施例中的旋转传动件73和旋转控制安装座731之间的连接以及与第二珠架812及车轴9的装配与实施例一中的装配方案相同,本实施例不做赘述。
本实施例中的旋转支撑件44和第一控制旋件41与实施例一相同,本实施例不再赘述。
参见图37和图39,旋转支撑件441靠外侧的同一圆周上设有若干周向定位槽,第二控制旋件42为筒状构件,在其一端设有若干与上述周向定位槽嵌合的转接件周向定位凸起4203,转接件周向定位凸起4203实现第二控制旋件 42和旋转支撑件44的周向定位装配的同时,还用于与另外的转接件周向装配。第二控制旋件42的另一端与实施例一设有相同的与内变速器内另一组挡位执行机构配合的换挡结构。
如图37所示,本实施例套装在车轴上的旋转传动件73和旋转支撑件441之间通过螺旋形的控制扭簧74连接,控制扭簧一端同时挂接在旋转传动件73的操纵传动凸起7302和旋转支撑件441的控制扭簧安装凸起4405的同一侧,控制扭簧的另一端同时挂接在旋转传动件73的操纵传动凸起7302和旋转支撑件441的控制扭簧安装凸起4405的另一侧,控制扭簧74的安装后,旋转传动件73转动,带动控制弹簧1变形,并通过控制扭簧74变形产生的弹力带动旋转支撑件441及其连接的第一控制旋件41和第二控制旋件42转动。
本实施例中的控制扭簧74的作用与实施例一中的第二扭簧的作用相似,均作为两组控制旋件转动换挡的弹性传动,并且起到换挡卡滞时的缓冲延时的作用,不同的是,本实施例的控制扭簧74在正反两个转动方向上均能够形成旋转传动件和旋转支撑件之间的弹性传动。。
参见图38,本实施例中的第二控制旋件42在满足与旋转支撑件44周向定位连接后,同时还与转接件77同时周向传动连接,转接件77与固定在车轴9上的挡位定位座771之间转动装配,在转接件77和挡位定位座771之间设有弹性设置的定位钢球774,所述转接件77或挡位定位座771上周向排列有若干容纳定位钢球的钢球定位槽,钢球定位槽之间的角度与挡位控制旋件控制的各个挡位之间的旋转角度相一致,在挡位控制旋件控制换挡执行机构到位后,定位钢球会嵌入钢球定位槽中,实现挡位控制旋件的定位保持。
结合参见图38至图41,本实施例中的第二控制旋件42的转接件周向定位凸起4203在与旋转支撑件44周向装配后,端部伸出同时与转接件77周向连接,在转接件77的内圈设有与转接件周向定位凸起4203周向嵌合的转接件定位凹槽7701,转接件77的径向均匀布置有四组钢球安装孔7703,在转接件77的外圆周表面设有一圈压簧槽7702,压簧槽7702与所有钢球安装孔7703串联, 定位钢球774嵌装在钢球安装孔7703的内端,在压簧槽7702内嵌套有压簧773,本实施例设置两组定位钢球,另外两组钢球安装孔7703则用于压簧773的两端固定挂接,压簧773整体处于弹性张力状态,从外侧限制定位钢球774移动的同时,随时对定位钢球774有向内侧挤压的趋势。
转接件77与挡位定位座771同轴套装,挡位定位座771的内圈设有挡位定位座周向凸起7711,与车轴上的凹槽周向嵌合安装,在挡位定位座771与转接件77接触装配的外圈上设有若干组钢球定位槽7712,钢球安装孔7703内的定位钢球774在压簧的作用下向钢球定位槽7712内挤压。钢球定位槽7712的位置与内变速器的挡位位置一一对应,即内变速器中的任意挡位位置时,定位钢球774会嵌入到唯一的一个干求定位槽中。
转接件77的外圈还设有两组对称的旋转传动件限位凸起7713,用于限定旋转传动件的极限转动位置。
以下结合图42和图43详细说明本实施例的定位钢球在换挡操作中的工作原理。
如图42所示,当内变速器内的换挡执行机构处于其中任意一个挡位时,此时转接件77上装有定位钢球774的钢球安装孔与挡位定位座771上对应的钢球定位槽7712对齐,此时,定位钢球774在压簧773的作用下嵌入钢球定位槽7712中,对转接件77以及其连接的换挡控制旋件起到定位的作用,并且保证从其他挡位切换到该挡位位置的准确性。
如图43所示,当操纵机构控制挡位控制旋件转动进行换挡时,带动转接件77转动,定位钢球774随转接件77转动,定位钢球774克服压簧773的弹力,从钢球定位槽7712中滑出,沿钢球定位座81的外圆周表面移动定位至另一挡位对应的钢球定位槽中。
钢球定位槽7712的两侧面均为斜面,有利于换挡过程中定位钢球从钢球定位槽7712中滑出;另外,在钢球进入到钢球定位槽斜面的位置后,即使此时电控组件因为转动误差已经控制挡位控制旋件停止,定位钢球仍会自动沿斜 面嵌入钢球定位槽7712,使挡位控制旋件配合挡位执行机构将内变速器的挡位切换至正确位置。
参见图1和图14,本实施例中的电控组件75包括电机751、主动齿轮752、从动齿轮753、霍尔传感器754、控制座755等部件,电控组件装配在控制座755上,控制座755通过与实施例一中相似的限位固定座764固定装配内变速器外部的车轴9上,控制座755具有可拆卸的控制盖7551,便于打开对内部进行维护检修。控制座755上设有出线孔7552,用于对内部的电机进行布线。
电机751为电动操纵机构的动力部件,通过主动齿轮752和从动齿轮753构成的减速齿轮副与旋转传动件的旋转控制安装座731传动连接,主动齿轮752与电机轴同轴装配,从动齿轮753与旋转控制安装座731同轴转动,在从动齿轮753的转动圆周上设有若干对应挡位位置的磁钢7541,通过霍尔传感器754可对从动齿轮753直接进行转角控制,同时将检测到的位置信号传递到电机的控制芯片,控制电机停转,具体关于通过位置传感器控制电机启停为常用的电机自动控制技术,本实施例在此不对霍尔传感器和电机的信号连接技术方案进行赘述。
由于从动齿轮753的直径较大,在转动换挡过程中不会用到全部圆周上的轮齿,本实施例将从动齿轮753的同一圆周上分别设有传动轮齿段7531和定位弧段7532,其中传动轮齿段7531上的轮齿与主动齿轮752啮合,定位弧段7532上设置对应内变速器挡位位置的若干磁钢7541,霍尔传感器754固定设置在从动齿轮753一侧的控制座上,相对于车轴固定设置,对转动的磁钢位置进行检测。
在实际应用中,还可采用其他如接近开关、微动开关或光电传感器等其他位置传感器对从动齿轮63上的凸出结构进行位置检测,本实施例在此不对具体的结构方案进行一一赘述。
结合参见图36,本实施例电控组件75的控制座755通过限位固定座764固定装配在车轴上,限位固定座764和控制座755之间通过非圆结构滑动套装, 在限位固定座764上通过卡簧等轴向定位构件对控制座755进行轴向定位安装,限位固定座764通过车轴的轴端螺母轴向定位,从动齿轮753内圈通过周向定位凹槽周向装配在旋转控制安装座731上,如图44所示,与旋转控制安装座731上的电控周向定位凸起7313滑动装配,在旋转控制安装座731上设置定位轴肩对从动齿轮753进行轴向定位。本实施例的电动操作机构与实施例一的操作机构相同,将限位固定座上764上的卡簧拆卸后,可将电控组件的控制座755及内部的从动齿轮直接从限位固定座764和旋转控制安装座731上退出,对电控组件进行单独拆装,而不影响到内变速器内部的整体结构。
本发明中的所有部件之间实现周向定位或周向传动的周向定位结构锁采用的相互嵌合的凸起和凹槽,本领域技术人员均可根据内变速器内部实际情况进行位置的调换,并不以上述两个实施例对权利要求中涉及的周向定位结构作为限定。
如图45所述,实施例一和实施例二的花鼓31在飞轮座的另一侧设有刹车安装部314,可安装碟刹、抱刹、罗拉刹,图45中所示的为碟刹的安装法兰。
以下结合图46至图50,详细说明实施例一和实施例二中的五速内变速器的五个挡位工作状态。
参见图46,在一挡状态下,操纵机构7控制离合器4使飞轮座11和行星架21脱离,如图20所示,同时控制第一中心轮231的中心轮双向离合控制组件使第一中心轮231空转,控制第二中心轮232的中心轮双向离合控制组件使第二中心轮232其中一个方向上锁止。在一挡状态下,动力从飞轮座11通过超越离合组件5的第一单向传动件传递至保持架,保持架直接带动内齿圈22转动,此时的行星轮系通过第二中心轮232传递动力,第一中心轮231不传递动力,行星轮系将动力变速后从行星架21输出,并传递至花鼓31输出至车轮转动。
参见图47,在二挡状态下,操纵机构7控制离合器4使飞轮座11和行星架21脱离,如图20所示,同时控制第一中心轮231的中心轮双向离合控制组 件使第一中心轮231在其中一个方向上锁止,控制第二中心轮232的中心轮双向离合控制组件使第二中心轮232空转。在二挡状态下,动力从飞轮座11通过第一单向传动件传递至保持架,保持架直接带动内齿圈22转动,此时的行星轮系通过第一中心轮231传递动力,第二中心轮232不传递动力,行星轮系将动力变速后从行星架21输出,并传递至花鼓31输出至车轮转动。
一、二挡均为减速挡,即花鼓31的转速小于飞轮座11,此时超越离合组件5中的滚动元件被保持架推至内齿圈低位槽,内齿圈与花鼓分离,不进行动力传递。
参见图48,在三挡状态下,操纵机构7控制离合器4使飞轮座11和行星架21接合,如图19所示,同时控制第一中心轮231的中心轮双向离合控制组件使第一中心轮231空转,控制第二中心轮232的中心轮双向离合控制组件使第二中心轮232空转。在三挡状态下,动力从飞轮座11通过离合器4传递到行星架21,此时的行星轮系的第一中心轮231和第二中心轮232均不传递动力,动力直接通过行星架21传递至花鼓31输出至车轮转动,此时飞轮座11和花鼓31的动力为一比一输出,无变速,为直接挡。
参见图49,在四挡状态下,操纵机构7控制离合器4使飞轮座11和行星架21接合,如图19所示,同时控制第一中心轮231的中心轮双向离合控制组件使第一中心轮231在另一个方向上锁止,控制第二中心轮232的中心轮双向离合控制组件使第二中心轮232空转。在四挡状态下,动力从飞轮座11通过离合器4传递到行星架21,此时的行星轮系通过第一中心轮231传递动力,第二中心轮232不传递动力,行星轮系将动力变速后从内齿圈22输出,并传递至花鼓31输出至车轮转动。
参见图50,在五挡状态下,操纵机构7控制离合器4使飞轮座11和行星架21接合,如图19所示,同时控制第一中心轮231的中心轮双向离合控制组件使第一中心轮231空转,控制第二中心轮232的中心轮双向离合控制组件使第二中心轮232在另一个方向上锁止。在五挡状态下,动力从飞轮座11通过 离合器4传递到行星架21,此时的行星轮系通过第二中心轮232传递动力,第一中心轮231不传递动力,行星轮系将动力变速后从内齿圈22输出,并传递至花鼓31输出至车轮转动。
四、五挡均为增速挡,即花鼓31的转速大于飞轮座11,行星架上的第二单向传动件被超速。此时超越离合组件5中的滚动元件被推至高位与花鼓31接触,传递内齿圈22和花鼓31之间的动力,如图8和图9所示。
以下表一和表二为五个挡位的行星轮系动作关系和动力传递路径。
表一、五挡动作关系表
挡位 离合器和行星架 第二中心轮 第一中心轮
5 接合 锁止 空转
4 接合 空转 锁止
3 接合 空转 空转
2 脱离 空转 锁止
1 脱离 锁止 空转
表二、五挡动力传递路径表:
Figure PCTCN2017106977-appb-000001
本发明所涉及的内容不限定于上述实施例,在不脱离所附权利要求书所限定的本发明精神和范围内,在其他场合对本发明所作出的各种应用,都属于本发明的保护范围。同时,任何熟悉本领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案情况下,都可利用上述揭示的技术内容对本发明方案做出许多可能的变动和 修饰,或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此,凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰,均应落在本发明技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种内变速器,采用行星轮系作为传动装置,其特征在于:
    内变速器的飞轮座与行星轮系的行星架之间通过离合器连接,同时,所述飞轮座通过超越离合组件与内齿圈连接;
    所述行星架通过第二单向传动件与内变速器的花鼓连接,所述行星轮系的内齿圈通过超越离合组件与花鼓连接;
    所述行星轮系的中心轮与车轴之间设有中心轮双向离合控制组件;
    所述离合器和中心轮双向离合控制组件均通过内变速器的操纵机构连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的内变速器,所述超越离合组件包括第一单向传动件、保持架及若干滚动元件,所述保持架转动装配于内齿圈上,所述飞轮座通过第一单向传动件与保持架连接,所述滚动元件以超越离合机构的布置方式均匀设置在内齿圈和花鼓之间,所述滚动元件之间的内齿圈上设有传动凸起,所述保持架的周向上设有若干保持块,将滚动元件和传动凸起之间进行分隔。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的内变速器,所述第一单向传动件和第二单向传动件采用超越离合器。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的内变速器,所述飞轮座和行星架之间转动装配,所述离合器滑动装配在飞轮座和行星架之间,所述离合器始终周向嵌装在飞轮座上,离合器上设有若干离合凸块,对应的行星架周向位置设有嵌合离合凸块的离合凹槽。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的内变速器,所述离合器还包括第一控制旋件、第二控制旋件、旋转支撑件、离合器控制座、离合器座和弹簧;
    所述第一控制旋件与操纵机构连接,并转动装配在内变速器内的车轴上,所述第二控制旋件通过旋转支撑件与第一控制旋件传动连接,所述离合器座与第二控制旋件周向定位连接,所述离合器座同时还与第一控制旋件或第二控制旋件轴向滑动装配,所述离合器控制座固定装配在内变速器内的车轴上,离合 器控制座和离合器座之间通过凸轮结构连接,所述离合器座与压缩的弹簧连接,所述离合器转动装配在离合器座上,实现飞轮座和行星架之间的离合装配。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的内变速器,所述行星轮系采用双联行星轮系;
    所述第一控制旋件包括沿车轴贴设的中心轮控制杆,所述中心轮控制杆穿过离合器控制座与远端的中心轮双向离合控制组件连接;
    所述第二控制旋件与近端的中心轮双向离合控制组件连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的内变速器,所述中心轮双向离合控制机构包括第一棘爪、第二棘爪、棘爪座和棘爪控制器;
    所述棘爪座周向定位装配在车轴上,对应的中心轮转动装配在棘爪座上,所述第一棘爪和第二棘爪对称安装在棘爪座与中心轮的装配圆周上,通过棘爪弹簧保持两个棘爪为弹出状态,分别限定中心轮的两个转动方向,所述中心轮的内圈设有对应两个弹出棘爪嵌合的棘槽;
    所述棘爪控制器转动套装在棘爪座上,其内圈具有压制棘爪的压制弧段和弹起棘爪的弹起缺槽;
    所述棘爪控制器与离合器一同与操纵机构连接。
  8. 根据权利要求5-7中任一项所述的内变速器,所述操纵机构包括操纵组件、旋转传动件和两组扭簧;
    所述旋转传动件转动装配在车轴上,一端与操纵组件连接,所述操纵组件与转动控制机构连接,控制旋转传动件进行转动,另一端通过第一扭簧与车轴上的周向定位结构连接,同时还通过第二扭簧与离合器的旋转支撑件连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的内变速器,所述第二扭簧的弹力大于第一扭簧。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的内变速器,所述操纵组件包括拉线座、拉线导向板、拉线导向座和限位固定座,所述拉线座与旋转传动件周向传动连接,所述拉线导向座通过拉线导向板固定在旋转控制安装座一端的限位固定座上,所 述限位固定座周向定位在车轴上,并通过轴端锁紧件轴向定位。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的内变速器,所述转动控制机构为通过拉线与操纵组件拉线座连接的指拨机构或转拨机构,或者电机控制的自动转拨机构。
  12. 根据权利要求5-7中任一项所述的内变速器,所述操纵机构包括电控组件和旋转传动件;
    所述旋转传动件转动装配在车轴上,一端与电控组件连接,另一端与旋转支撑件通过控制扭簧周向传动连接;
    所述旋转支撑件及其连接的控制旋件与一转接件周向传动连接,所述转接件与固定在车轴上的挡位定位座之间转动装配,所述转接件和挡位定位座之间设有弹性设置的定位钢球,所述转接件或挡位定位座上周向排列有若干容纳定位钢球的钢球定位槽,所述钢球定位槽之间的角度与旋转支撑件及其连接的控制旋件控制的各个挡位之间的旋转角度相一致;
    所述电控组件包括驱动旋转传动件转动的电机。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的内变速器,所述定位钢球安装在转接件内圈设置的钢球安装孔内,所述转接件的外圆周上设有压簧槽,所述压簧槽位于钢球安装孔所在的外圆周上,所述压簧槽内嵌套有至少一端固定在转接件上的压簧,所述压簧嵌入钢球安装孔内,将钢球向设置在挡位定位座上的钢球定位槽内挤压。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的内变速器,所述电控组件的电机通过齿轮副与旋转传动件连接,所述齿轮副为减速齿轮副,所述齿轮副的主动齿轮与电机轴传动连接,从动齿轮与旋转传动件周向传动连接,所述从动齿轮的同一转动圆周上分别设有传动轮齿段和定位弧段,所述传动轮齿段上设置与主动齿轮啮合的轮齿,所述定位弧段上布置有若干对应挡位位置的凸起,在从动齿轮转动圆周外侧相对车轴固定的位置传感器,对随从动齿轮转动的凸起进行转角检测。
  15. 根据权利要求10或14所述的内变速器,所述旋转传动件通过旋转控制安装座与操纵组件连接,所述旋转传动件和旋转控制安装座同轴转动套装在车轴上并周向定位连接,所述拉线座或从动齿轮通过可拆卸的周向定位结构安装在旋转控制安装座上。
  16. 一种权利要求8-11中所述的内变速器的控制方法,其特征在于:所述内变速器的速比由高向低进行减挡的过程中,通过拉线驱动拉线座使第一扭簧及第二扭簧蓄力,控制离合器和中心轮的离合配合关系,实现内变速器的多挡位输出。
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