WO2018124039A1 - 燃料電池の製造方法および加工装置 - Google Patents
燃料電池の製造方法および加工装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018124039A1 WO2018124039A1 PCT/JP2017/046572 JP2017046572W WO2018124039A1 WO 2018124039 A1 WO2018124039 A1 WO 2018124039A1 JP 2017046572 W JP2017046572 W JP 2017046572W WO 2018124039 A1 WO2018124039 A1 WO 2018124039A1
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- electrolyte membrane
- temperature
- fuel cell
- heating step
- heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0215—Glass; Ceramic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0213—Gas-impermeable carbon-containing materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2418—Grouping by arranging unit cells in a plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a planar array type fuel cell in which unit cells are arrayed in a planar shape, and an interconnector forming processing apparatus.
- a fuel cell is a device that obtains electric power from hydrogen and oxygen. In recent years, it has been attracting attention as a clean power source because it only generates water with power generation. Since the voltage of the unit cell of such a fuel cell is as low as about 0.6 to 0.8 V, a plurality of unit cells composed of membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) and separators are stacked and connected in series. Fuel cell stacks that obtain output have been put into practical use. This fuel cell stack has a problem that it takes time and labor to stack the fuel cell stack.
- MEA membrane electrode assemblies
- the interconnector portion forms a void in a part of the electrolyte membrane, and the void is filled with an anode catalyst layer material or a cathode catalyst layer material. Formed. In such a configuration, there is a problem that it takes time and labor since several steps are required to form the interconnector portion.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel that can easily form an interconnector portion that electrically connects adjacent unit cells in a planar array type fuel cell.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a battery manufacturing method and an interconnector forming apparatus.
- the method for producing a fuel cell of the present invention includes electrode layers on both surfaces of an electrolyte membrane made of a proton conductive resin,
- the electrode layers on both sides have a plurality of electrode regions divided by dividing grooves, one electrode region on one surface side of the both surfaces, and one on the other surface side facing the one electrode region
- a unit cell is composed of a laminated structure including an electrode region and the electrolyte membrane, A plurality of the unit cells are arranged,
- An interconnector portion that electrically connects an electrode region on the one surface side of one unit cell and an electrode region on the other surface side of the unit cell arranged next to the one unit cell is the electrolyte.
- the interconnector portion is a method for producing a fuel cell comprising a conductive carbide derived from the proton conductive resin of the electrolyte membrane,
- the interconnector portion is formed through a local heating step of locally heating the electrolyte membrane to carbonize the proton conductive resin,
- the local heating step includes a first heating step of heating a portion of the electrolyte membrane to a temperature not higher than a first temperature at a first temperature rising rate, and the portion of the electrolyte membrane after the first heating step.
- the interconnector portion is made of a conductive carbide derived from the proton conductive resin of the electrolyte membrane by the first and second heating steps, so that no complicated process is required. Can be formed. This is because a conductive carbide, that is, an interconnector portion can be obtained only by carbonizing a part of the electrolyte membrane. Moreover, a favorable interconnector part can be reliably formed by providing two heating steps.
- the processing apparatus of the present invention comprises electrode layers on both surfaces of an electrolyte membrane made of a proton conductive resin, the electrode layers on both surfaces having a plurality of electrode regions divided by dividing grooves, and the one surface
- a unit cell is formed by a laminated structure including one electrode region on the side, one electrode region on the other surface facing the one electrode region, and the electrolyte membrane, and a plurality of the unit cells are arranged.
- An interconnector for electrically connecting the electrode region on the one surface side of one unit cell and the electrode region on the other surface side of the unit cell arranged next to the one unit cell;
- a processing apparatus provided in the electrolyte membrane, wherein the interconnector portion forms the interconnector portion of a fuel cell made of a conductive carbide derived from the proton conductive resin of the electrolyte membrane,
- a machining head that moves relatively along the main surface of the electrolyte membrane;
- the processing head includes: a first laser light irradiation head that heats a part of the electrolyte membrane to a temperature not higher than a first temperature increase rate and lower than a first temperature by laser light irradiation; and a laser beam irradiation of the electrolyte membrane. And a second laser light irradiation head for heating the part to a second temperature higher than the first temperature at a temperature increase rate higher than the first temperature increase rate.
- a first laser light irradiation head that heats
- the first and second laser light irradiation heads locally heat a part of the electrolyte membrane of the proton conductive resin, and carbonize the proton conductive resin of the portion to form the conductive carbide.
- the interconnector portion can be formed only by doing so, and can be easily and reliably formed without requiring a complicated process.
- the proton conductive resin is preferably an aromatic polymer compound in which a sulfonic acid group is introduced into a hydrocarbon polymer such as aromatic polyarylene ether ketones or aromatic polyarylene ether sulfones. Such a compound is easily changed to a conductive carbide by heating.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a fuel cell to which the present invention is applied. Sectional drawing which expands and shows the principal part of the fuel cell shown in FIG.
- the schematic cross section which shows the components of the fuel cell for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the fuel cell of this invention.
- the schematic cross section which shows the components of the fuel cell for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the fuel cell of this invention.
- the schematic cross section which shows the components of the fuel cell for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the fuel cell of this invention.
- the schematic cross section which shows the components of the fuel cell for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the fuel cell of this invention.
- the schematic cross section which shows the components of the fuel cell for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the fuel cell of this invention The schematic cross section which shows the components of the fuel cell for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the fuel cell of this invention.
- the schematic cross section which shows the components of the fuel cell for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the fuel cell of this invention.
- the schematic cross section which shows the components of the fuel cell for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the fuel cell of this invention.
- the schematic cross section which shows the components of the fuel cell for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the fuel cell of this invention.
- the schematic cross section which shows the components of the fuel cell for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the fuel cell of this invention.
- the graph which shows an example of the temperature profile of the local heating of the electrolyte membrane in the manufacturing method of the fuel cell of this invention.
- the graph which shows another example of the temperature profile of the local heating of the electrolyte membrane in the manufacturing method of the fuel cell of this invention The schematic cross section which shows the components of the fuel cell for demonstrating another example of the manufacturing method of the fuel cell of this invention.
- the figure which shows the FT-IR spectrum before heating an aromatic polymer The figure which shows the FT-IR spectrum after heating an aromatic polymer.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a fuel cell to which the present invention is applied
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing a main part of FIG. 1, in which an upper side is an anode and a lower side is a cathode.
- a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) 11 of the fuel cell 10 shown in FIG. 2 includes a gas diffusion layer 18 on both sides of an electrolyte membrane 12 (PEM) and a catalyst layer 16 as an electrode layer on the lower side.
- a protective layer 14 in contact with the catalyst layer 16 and the electrolyte membrane 12 is provided as an electrode layer on the upper side.
- the upper electrode layer is composed of two layers of the catalyst layer 16 and the protective layer 14. Further, an upper plate 20 is provided above the upper gas diffusion layer 18, a lower plate 22 is provided below the lower gas diffusion layer 18, and the upper plate 20 and the lower plate 22 are membrane electrode assemblies. 11 is sandwiched. In FIG. 1, the laminated structure located in the center is omitted.
- a plurality of flow channel grooves 20T and 22T are opposed to the surfaces of the upper plate 20 and the lower plate 22 on the gas diffusion layer 18 side. Each is provided.
- a seal 24 is provided between the peripheral portion of the upper surface (anode side) of the electrolyte membrane 12 and the upper plate 20. The seal 24 abuts on the electrolyte membrane 12 and the upper plate 20 and seals a space between the upper plate 20 and the electrolyte membrane 12.
- the upper plate 20 is provided with a hydrogen inlet (not shown) through which hydrogen supplied from a hydrogen supply means (not shown) is introduced between the upper plate 20 and the electrolyte membrane 12.
- the lower surface (cathode side) of the electrolyte membrane 12 is structured to take in oxygen from the surrounding air without being sealed like the upper surface.
- a graphite sheet 26 is disposed between the gas diffusion layer 18 and the lower plate 22 on the lower surfaces of both end portions (left end and right end in FIG. 1) of the membrane electrode assembly 11.
- the graphite sheet 26 is configured to contact the gas diffusion layer 18.
- a conductive wire 28 is connected to each graphite sheet 26, and the electric power generated in the fuel cell 10 is taken out through the conductive wire 28.
- the electrolyte membrane 12, the catalyst layer 16 on the lower surface side, and the gas diffusion layer 18 are pressed and sandwiched between the upper plate 20 and the lower plate 22 at a constant pressure (for example, 2 MPa or less).
- the protective layer 14, the catalyst layer 16, and the gas diffusion layer 18 on the upper surface side of the electrolyte membrane 12, and the catalyst layer 16 and the gas diffusion layer 18 on the lower surface side of the electrolyte membrane 12 are divided by a plurality of dividing grooves 17.
- electrode region have a rectangular shape in which the extending direction of the dividing groove 17 is a long side and a short side is between two dividing grooves.
- the electrode region on the upper surface side of the electrolyte membrane 12 is disposed so as to face the electrode region on the lower surface side.
- a unit cell (power generation cell) is configured by the laminated structure. That is, in FIG. 1, a unit cell is a laminated structure including the electrolyte membrane 12, the protective layer 14 on the upper surface side, the catalyst layer 16, and the gas diffusion layer 18, and the catalyst layer 16 and gas diffusion layer 18 on the lower surface side. . Only the leftmost unit cell in FIG.
- interconnector portion 30 Inside the electrolyte membrane 12, there is an interconnector portion 30 that electrically connects the electrode region on the upper surface side of one unit cell and the electrode region on the lower surface side of the unit cell adjacent to the one unit cell.
- the interconnector unit 30 electrically connects adjacent unit cells in series.
- each electrode region (the interval between the two dividing grooves 17) can be, for example, about 5 mm, and the width of the interconnector portion 30 can be about 0.1 mm.
- Electrode membrane There is no limitation in particular in the electrolyte membrane 12 in the fuel cell 10 of this invention, A various electrolyte membrane is employable. And as above-mentioned, the interconnector part 30 which electrically connects adjacent unit cells in series in the electrolyte membrane 12 is provided. The interconnector portion 30 is formed by locally heating and carbonizing a part of the electrolyte membrane 12 as will be described later.
- the proton conductive resin of the electrolyte membrane 12 is preferably an aromatic polymer compound in which a sulfonic acid group is introduced into a hydrocarbon polymer such as aromatic polyarylene ether ketones or aromatic polyarylene ether sulfones.
- a hydrocarbon polymer such as aromatic polyarylene ether ketones or aromatic polyarylene ether sulfones.
- the interconnector portion 30 can be easily formed by carbonization as compared with a perfluorosulfonic acid resin such as Nafion (registered trademark).
- Nafion registered trademark
- the aromatic polymer is easily graphitized by pyrolysis because it contains a carbon 6-membered ring structure in the molecular structure.
- Such an aromatic polymer is changed to a conductive carbide by heating at about 900 ° C., for example.
- the catalyst layer 16 includes, for example, carbon particles (catalyst particles) supporting a catalyst metal.
- carbon particles carbon black can be used.
- carbon compounds such as carbon nanofiber and carbon nanotube can be adopted.
- a catalyst metal metals such as platinum, ruthenium, iridium, rhodium, palladium, osnium, tungsten, lead, iron, chromium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, vanadium, molybdenum, gallium, and aluminum are used alone or in combination. Can be used in combination.
- the catalyst layer 16 contains a proton conductive resin in addition to the catalyst particles.
- the catalyst layer 16 has a porous structure so that the contact area with the hydrogen gas or oxygen-containing gas is increased. Therefore, the packing density of the proton conductive resin is set smaller than the protective layer 14 described later.
- the proton conductive resin in the catalyst layer 16 may be 30 to 50 wt%.
- a protective layer 14 is provided on each of one side or both sides of the electrolyte membrane 12. Is preferred. In FIG. 1, a protective layer 14 is provided on the upper surface side of the electrolyte membrane 12.
- the protective layer 14 may be of any form as long as it can prevent cross-leakage, but is preferably a protective layer 14 having gas barrier properties and further having electrical conductivity and proton conductivity.
- the protective layer 14 may be composed of a proton conductive resin and conductive carbon (carbon). In order to improve the gas barrier property, the packing density of the proton conductive resin is set higher than that of the catalyst layer 16.
- the proton conductive resin in the protective layer 14 may be 70 wt% or more.
- the proton conductive resin may be the same material as the catalyst layer 16 or a different material.
- a perfluorosulfonic acid resin such as Nafion (registered trademark) or the aforementioned aromatic polymer compound can be used.
- Examples of conductive carbon include carbon black, acetylene black, and ketjen black.
- the protective layer 14 as described above is formed, for example, by applying and drying a coating liquid prepared by adding conductive carbon such as Ketjen Black to a dispersion of proton conductive resin such as Nafion (registered trademark). can do.
- the thickness of the protective layer 14 may be 5 to 50 ⁇ m, for example.
- the gas diffusion layer 18 is configured by laminating a base material and a porous layer. Carbon paper or carbon cloth can be used as the substrate.
- the upper plate 20 and the lower plate 22 include the flow grooves 20T and 22T (recessed portions) for gas on the gas diffusion layer 18 side, and the portions between the flow grooves 20T and 20T and 22T and 22T.
- the gas diffusion layer 18 is pressed at a portion (convex portion) between the two.
- the upper plate 20 and the lower plate 22 are preferably formed of an insulating resin.
- the general-purpose resin include polypropylene resin (PP) and polyphenylene sulfide resin (PPS).
- carbon paper as a material for the gas diffusion layer 18 is prepared.
- an ink containing a catalyst and a proton conductive resin is applied.
- an electrode layer composed of the catalyst layer 16 is formed on the gas diffusion layer 18 as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 there is one surface of carbon paper (gas diffusion layer) 18 on the plane in the xy direction of orthogonal coordinates, and the catalyst layer 16 is applied in the z direction from the one surface.
- a plurality of divided grooves 17 having a predetermined length are formed on the produced laminate LB of gas diffusion layers 18 and electrode layers (hereinafter referred to as “diffusion electrode laminate”).
- the diffusion electrode laminate LB is partitioned into a plurality of electrode regions ER by forming a straight line in the x direction. Formation of the division grooves can be performed by a method of mechanically removing a part of the diffusion electrode laminate LB using a needle-like cutting tool or a method of evaporating the part by irradiating laser light.
- the electrolyte membrane 12 is placed on the catalyst layer 16 of the diffusion electrode laminate LB in which the dividing grooves 17 are formed.
- the formation planned location 30a of the interconnector portion 30 of the electrolyte membrane 12 is locally heated by the heating means (first local heating step).
- a laser beam irradiation processing head HD that moves relatively linearly in the x direction along the main surface of the electrolyte membrane 12 is used.
- the laser light source include a CO 2 laser.
- the laser beam irradiation processing head HD includes a first laser beam irradiation head 29a, and the laser beam irradiation heats a portion 30a of the electrolyte membrane 12 to a temperature equal to or lower than the first temperature at a first temperature increase rate.
- the first local heating step for example, a part of the electrolyte membrane 12 is heated to a temperature at which it is not carbonized (for example, about 400 ° C.) using a CO 2 laser.
- a temperature at which it is not carbonized for example, about 400 ° C.
- the first temperature raising rate is preferably 3 ° C./msec or less.
- the laser beam irradiation processing head HD also includes a second laser beam irradiation head 29b, and a part of the laser beam irradiation processing head HD is irradiated by the laser beam irradiation of the second laser beam irradiation head 29b more than the first temperature increase rate (for example, 3 ° C./msec) Heating to a second temperature higher than the first temperature (for example, 900 ° C.) or higher at a large second temperature increase rate.
- the first and second local heating steps on the same part, after removing moisture locally, the part is carbonized, thereby making the interconnector part 30 without an increase in thickness. it can.
- irradiation was performed at a low intensity at the beginning of irradiation to evaporate the water of the electrolyte membrane 12, and then irradiation was performed at a high intensity to promote carbonization without increasing the thickness. It was found that the interconnector portion 30 can be formed.
- another diffusion electrode laminate LBa is prepared.
- the catalyst layer 16 and the protective layer 14 are formed as electrode layers on the gas diffusion layer 18, and a plurality of dividing grooves 17 having a predetermined length are formed linearly in the x direction. And partitioned into a plurality of electrode regions ER.
- the protective layer 14 is formed by applying an ink containing a conductive material (Ketjen Black or the like) and a proton conductive resin to the catalyst layer 16.
- the division grooves 17 can be formed by a method of mechanically removing a part of the diffusion electrode laminate LBa using a needle-like cutting tool or a method of evaporating the part by irradiating a laser beam.
- another diffusion electrode laminate LBa is formed on the surface of the electrolyte membrane 12 on which the interconnector portion 30 is formed as described above on the side opposite to the diffusion electrode laminate LB.
- the electrode layer is placed on the electrolyte membrane 12 side.
- the other diffusion electrode laminate LBa is also formed with the dividing groove 17 before placement, and the dividing groove 17 is positioned at a predetermined position with respect to the interconnector portion 30 (that is, the interconnector portion 30 is in the diffusion state). So as to be covered with the electrode region of the electrode laminate LB).
- the diffusion electrode laminate LB After the diffusion electrode laminate LB, the electrolyte membrane 12 and another diffusion electrode laminate LBa are stacked, they are integrated by hot pressing in the stacking direction, and the membrane electrode assembly 11 is formed. Manufactured. Thereby, adjacent unit cells are electrically connected in series via the interconnector portion 30.
- an upper plate 20 is prepared.
- a plurality of flow channel grooves 20T for introducing hydrogen gas and convex portions 20P between adjacent grooves are linearly formed in the x direction on the surface of the upper plate 20 on the gas diffusion layer side on the anode side of the membrane electrode assembly 11. It is provided in parallel.
- the projecting portion 20P presses the gas diffusion layer 18 on the anode side of the membrane electrode assembly 11 when assembly is completed.
- a seal 24 is provided so as to surround a region where the plurality of convex portions 20P of the upper plate 20 are present. The top surface of the seal 24 abuts on the membrane electrode assembly 11 when assembly is completed, and seals the space where the flow channel 20T and the convex portion 20P between the upper plate 20 and the membrane electrode assembly 11 are present.
- the lower plate 22 is prepared.
- a plurality of flow channel grooves 22T for introducing an oxygen-containing gas (air) and adjacent pairs of flow channel grooves 22T and 22T are formed on the surface of the lower plate 22 on the cathode side gas diffusion layer side of the membrane electrode assembly 11.
- a convex portion 22P between the two is provided in a straight line parallel to the x direction.
- the projecting portion 22P presses the gas diffusion layer 18 on the cathode side of the membrane electrode assembly 11 when assembly is completed.
- graphite sheets 26 are provided in advance at both ends of the lower plate 22, respectively.
- the upper plate 20 and the lower plate 22 are arranged so that the convex portions of the upper plate 20 and the lower plate 22 sandwich the interconnector portion 30 of the membrane electrode assembly 11.
- the electrolyte membrane 12, the protective layer 14, the catalyst layer 16, and the gas diffusion layer 18 are pressed and sandwiched with a constant pressure.
- the pair of graphite sheets 26 are electrically connected to the gas diffusion layer 18 on the cathode side of the membrane electrode assembly 11.
- the conducting wire 28 is connected to each graphite sheet 26, and an assembly is completed.
- the first laser light irradiation head 29a having a low output irradiation intensity and the first output irradiation intensity having a higher output irradiation intensity are used.
- the laser beam irradiation processing head HD provided with the two laser beam irradiation heads 29b is sent out in a straight line in the x direction so that the two laser beams B1 and B2 have the same trajectory.
- Laser light irradiation is performed so that the temperature profile as shown in FIG. In the temperature profile, a part of the electrolyte membrane 12 is heated to a temperature of 400 ° C. or lower at the first temperature increase rate in the first local heating step 1st, and the part is changed in the second local heating step 2nd. Heating is performed at 900 ° C. at a second temperature increase rate that is higher than the temperature increase rate of 1.
- the heating rate for heating to the above-mentioned constant temperature is set to be equal to or lower than the first heating rate.
- the first and second local heating steps can be configured by one irradiation.
- a laser light irradiation processing head HD provided with only a single laser light irradiation head 29c is linearly sent out in the x direction, and the output irradiation intensity and feed speed of the laser light irradiation head are controlled.
- the laser beam B3 can be irradiated to perform two-stage heating.
- FIG. 16 when the electrolyte membrane 12 is irradiated with laser light, the irradiated portion becomes high temperature, and the peripheral portion is also heated more gently than the irradiated portion due to heat conduction, and the temperature rises.
- the two local heating steps are executed by adjusting the laser light irradiation range in which the temperature near the center of the laser light is equal to or higher than the second temperature and the relative movement speed between the laser light irradiation processing head HD and the electrolyte membrane 12. be able to.
- the first local is obtained by changing the temperature profile fast when the relative movement speed of the laser beam irradiation processing head HD is high to the temperature profile slow when the relative movement speed is low.
- the length of the heating step 1st and the first temperature increase rate can be adjusted.
- the first local heating step is performed once.
- the second local heating step can also be configured by irradiation with laser light.
- the electrode region can be easily formed. Suitable for continuous production by the (Roll to Roll) method.
- SYMBOLS 10 Fuel cell, 12 ... Electrolyte membrane, 14 ... Protective layer, 16 ... Catalyst layer, 17 ... Dividing groove, 18 ... Gas diffusion layer, 20 ... Upper plate, 22 ... Lower plate, 24 ... Seal, 26 ... Graphite sheet, 28... Conductor, 29 a... First laser light irradiation head, 29 b... Second laser light irradiation head, 30.
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Abstract
Description
前記両面の電極層は、分割溝により分割された複数の電極領域を有し、前記両面の一方の面側における一つの電極領域と、前記一つの電極領域に対向する他方の面側における一つの電極領域と、前記電解質膜と、を含む積層構造により単位セルが構成され、
前記単位セルが複数配列されてなり、
一つの前記単位セルの前記一方の面側における電極領域と、前記一つの単位セルの隣に配列された単位セルの他方の面側の電極領域とを電気的に接続するインターコネクタ部を前記電解質膜内に備え、
前記インターコネクタ部が前記電解質膜の前記プロトン伝導性樹脂由来の導電性炭化物からなる燃料電池の製造方法であって、
前記インターコネクタ部は、前記電解質膜に局所的に熱をかけて前記プロトン伝導性樹脂を炭化させる局所加熱工程を経て形成され、
前記局所加熱工程は、前記電解質膜の一部分を第1の昇温速度以下で第1の温度以下の温度に加熱する第1の加熱ステップと、前記第1の加熱ステップ後に前記電解質膜の前記一部分を前記第1の昇温速度よりも大なる昇温速度で前記第1の温度よりも高い第2の温度以上に加熱する第2の加熱ステップと、を含むことを特徴とする。
前記電解質膜の主面に沿って相対的に移動する加工ヘッドを備え、
前記加工ヘッドは、レーザー光照射により前記電解質膜の一部分を第1の昇温速度以下で第1の温度以下の温度に加熱する第1のレーザー光照射ヘッドと、レーザー光照射により前記電解質膜の前記一部分を前記第1の昇温速度よりも大なる昇温速度で前記第1の温度よりも高い第2の温度以上に加熱する第2のレーザー光照射ヘッドと、を備えていることを特徴とする。
<燃料電池>
図1は、本発明を適用した燃料電池の一実施形態を示す模式断面図であり、図2は図1の要部を拡大して示す図であり、上側がアノード、下側がカソードである。図2に示す燃料電池10の膜電極接合体(MEA)11は、電解質膜12(PEM:polymer electrolyte membrane)の両面側に、ガス拡散層18を備え、下側には電極層として触媒層16が設けられ、上側には電極層として触媒層16と電解質膜12に接する保護層14が設けられている。すなわち、本実施形態では上側の電極層は触媒層16と保護層14の2層で構成されている。さらに、上側のガス拡散層18の上方には上板20が設けられ、下側のガス拡散層18の下方には下板22が設けられ、上板20と下板22とが膜電極接合体11を挟持するように構成されている。なお、図1においては、中央に位置する積層構造を省略して描いている。
本発明の燃料電池10における電解質膜12に特に限定はなく、種々の電解質膜を採用することができる。そして、上記の通り、電解質膜12内に、隣接する単位セル同士を電気的に直列接続するインターコネクタ部30を備える。インターコネクタ部30は、後述するように、電解質膜12の一部分を局所的に加熱して炭化することで形成される。
触媒層16は、例えば、触媒金属を担持した炭素粒子(触媒粒子)を含んで構成される。炭素粒子としては、カーボンブラックを用いることができるが、この他にも、例えば、黒鉛、炭素繊維、活性炭等やこれらの粉砕物、カーボンナノファイバーおよびカーボンナノチューブ等の炭素化合物を採用することができる。一方、触媒金属としては、白金、ルテニウム、イリジウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、オスニウム、タングステン、鉛、鉄、クロム、コバルト、ニッケル、マンガン、バナジウム、モリブデン、ガリウム、アルミニウム等の金属を単独でまたは2種以上組み合わせて使用することができる。
電解質膜12、または電解質膜12内のインターコネクタ部30またはその近傍において、ガスがリークするいわゆるクロスリークを防止するために、電解質膜12の片面側または両面側のそれぞれに保護層14を設けることが好ましい。図1においては、電解質膜12の上面側に保護層14を設けている。
ガス拡散層18は、基材と、多孔質層とが積層されて構成される。基材は、カーボンペーパーやカーボンクロスを用いることができる。
上板20および下板22は、前述のようにガス拡散層18側にガスのための流路溝20Tおよび22T(凹部分)を備え、流路溝20T,20Tの間の部分および22T、22Tの間の部分(凸部分)でガス拡散層18を押圧する。膜電極接合体11の単位セル同士はインターコネクタ部30を通して直列に接続されるので、上板20および下板22は絶縁性の樹脂で形成することが好ましい。当該汎用樹脂としては、ポリプロピレン樹脂(PP)、ポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂(PPS)等を挙げることができる。
<燃料電池の製造方法>
燃料電池10は、以下に説明する本発明の製造方法により製造することができる。
Claims (5)
- プロトン伝導性樹脂よりなる電解質膜の両面に電極層を備え、
前記両面の電極層は、分割溝により分割された複数の電極領域を有し、前記両面の一方の面側における一つの電極領域と、前記一つの電極領域に対向する他方の面側における一つの電極領域と、前記電解質膜と、を含む積層構造により単位セルが構成され、
前記単位セルが複数配列されてなり、
一つの前記単位セルの前記一方の面側における電極領域と、前記一つの単位セルの隣に配列された単位セルの他方の面側の電極領域とを電気的に接続するインターコネクタ部を前記電解質膜内に備え、
前記インターコネクタ部が前記電解質膜の前記プロトン伝導性樹脂由来の導電性炭化物からなる燃料電池の製造方法であって、
前記インターコネクタ部は、前記電解質膜に局所的に熱をかけて前記プロトン伝導性樹脂を炭化させる局所加熱工程を経て形成され、
前記局所加熱工程は、前記電解質膜の一部分を第1の昇温速度以下で第1の温度以下の温度に加熱する第1の加熱ステップと、前記第1の加熱ステップ後に前記電解質膜の前記一部分を前記第1の昇温速度よりも大なる昇温速度で前記第1の温度よりも高い第2の温度以上に加熱する第2の加熱ステップと、を含むことを特徴とする燃料電池の製造方法。 - 前記第1の加熱ステップおよび前記第2の加熱ステップにおいて、前記電解質膜にレーザー光を照射することにより熱をかけることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池の製造方法。
- 前記第1の加熱ステップにおいて、第1の照射強度でレーザー光を前記電解質膜に照射し、前記第2の加熱ステップにおいて、前記第1の照射強度よりも高い第2の照射強度でレーザー光を前記電解質膜に照射することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の燃料電池の製造方法。
- 前記プロトン伝導性樹脂は、芳香族系高分子であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料電池の製造方法。
- プロトン伝導性樹脂よりなる電解質膜の両面に電極層を備え、前記両面の電極層は、分割溝により分割された複数の電極領域を有し、前記両面の一方の面側における一つの電極領域と、前記一つの電極領域に対向する他方の面側における一つの電極領域と、前記電解質膜と、を含む積層構造により単位セルが構成され、前記単位セルが複数配列されてなり、一つの前記単位セルの前記一方の面側における電極領域と前記一つの単位セルの隣に配列された単位セルの他方の面側の電極領域とを電気的に接続するインターコネクタ部を前記電解質膜内に備え、前記インターコネクタ部が前記電解質膜の前記プロトン伝導性樹脂由来の導電性炭化物からなる燃料電池の前記インターコネクタ部を形成する加工装置であって、
前記電解質膜の主面に沿って相対的に移動する加工ヘッドを備え、
前記加工ヘッドは、レーザー光照射により前記電解質膜の一部分を第1の昇温速度以下で第1の温度以下の温度に加熱する第1のレーザー光照射ヘッドと、レーザー光照射により前記電解質膜の前記一部分を前記第1の昇温速度よりも大なる昇温速度で前記第1の温度よりも高い第2の温度以上に加熱する第2のレーザー光照射ヘッドと、を備えていることを特徴とする加工装置。
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