WO2018122593A1 - Configuration électrique pourvue d'un système de commande intégré destinée à un moteur ou générateur électrique à courant continu sans balai - Google Patents

Configuration électrique pourvue d'un système de commande intégré destinée à un moteur ou générateur électrique à courant continu sans balai Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018122593A1
WO2018122593A1 PCT/IB2017/000001 IB2017000001W WO2018122593A1 WO 2018122593 A1 WO2018122593 A1 WO 2018122593A1 IB 2017000001 W IB2017000001 W IB 2017000001W WO 2018122593 A1 WO2018122593 A1 WO 2018122593A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switches
rotor
stator
electromagnets
closed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2017/000001
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Oleg Graf
Mario Burigo
Marco Celso MATTEONI
Original Assignee
Qinetix Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Qinetix Gmbh filed Critical Qinetix Gmbh
Priority to PCT/IB2017/000001 priority Critical patent/WO2018122593A1/fr
Publication of WO2018122593A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018122593A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/08—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
    • H02P6/085—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/15—Controlling commutation time
    • H02P6/153—Controlling commutation time wherein the commutation is advanced from position signals phase in function of the speed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems

Definitions

  • control and power electronics is usually not integrated in the machine. Often the manufacturer offers only the engine and the electronics must be purchased from a different supplier. It often happens that the electronic system is not optimally matched to the engine. It also requires the customer to have a good technical knowledge to use the engine and to connect and configure the control electronic.
  • Aim of the present invention is to provide a BLDC rotation machine, motor or generator, which overcomes some drawbacks of the prior art.
  • aim of the present invention is to provide an innovative electrical configuration and integrated control system for BLDC machines in order to achieve high power to weight ratio, compactness and simplicity.
  • the presented configuration is explained in relation to an axial- flux BLDC motor, but it is not limited to it. This configuration can be also applied to other machines like radial-flux BLDC machines or oblique-flux BLDC machines.
  • the basic idea of the present invention is to provide a BLDC machine, motor or generator, which includes one or more rotor elements mounted on bearings and that can rotate around a rotation axis, each of them with a number of magnets and with ferromagnetic support material which may also include whatsoeverach array, a stator with a different number of electromagnets whose winding terminations are electrically connected, with proper electrical junctions, one to the other in series to form a closed loop electrical circuit.
  • the number of magnets, in each rotor element, and the number of electromagnets in the stator can differ by one, two or more to provide the shift of the magnets-electromagnets positions, but shall not be same number.
  • the electromagnets are circularly positioned, with core axes parallel to the motor rotating axis.
  • the stator is provided with two closed loop electrical buses, one connected to the positive (+) dc power supply (positive bus) and the other to the negative (-) dc power supply (negative bus) .
  • These two electrical buses are also electrically connected, through controllable switching transistors integrated into the stator, to all the junctions between any two electromagnets windings.
  • the machine comprises a sensor system to provide the angular position of the rotor with respect to the stator. The flow and versus of the current in the winding of each electromagnet depends on the status of these switching transistors. According to the control principle chosen, some of these switching transistors may be enabled to change from off to on and viceversa at certain angular positions of the rotor with respect to the stator.
  • control principles may be chosen to provide the wanted torque and rotation speed. Some of these control principles will be described in the following detailed description of the invention. With some type of control all electromagnets may be switched on at the same time for higher torque density. This will allow a high degree of flexibility.
  • the electrical connections of all windings in closed loop circuit within the stator provides very short electrical connections between two adjacent electromagnets and reduce losses. Moreover by integrating the switching transistors into the stator, close to the electromagnets, the electrical losses are reduced and the elec ⁇ trical machine configuration is more compact and easy to accommodate. With the electrical machine configuration including a stator and the related electromagnets (windings with ferromagnetic rods) between two disc rotors comprising magnets the magnetic circuits are short and the magnetic losses minimized.
  • a further advantage of the proposed configuration is the simplicity to connect back up motors or generators in redundant systems. This because there is a very low resistance torque when the rotor (s) turns and the coils are off with all switches off (open) . Also the torque ripple is less than in other machines and this reduces the losses and improve the efficiency .
  • Fig.l is ' a perspective exploded view of the stator and 2 rotors of an axial flux BLDC machine constructed and arranged in accordance with the principle of the invention
  • Fig.2 is a front view of the stator of an axial flux BLDC machine constructed and arranged in accordance with the principle of the invention
  • Fig.3 shows a particular of the electromagnet basic configuration constructed and arranged in accordance with the principle of the invention
  • Fig.4 is an electrical configuration scheme of the stator electromagnets showing power buses and switching transistors electrical connections constructed and arranged in accordance with the principle of the invention
  • Fig.5 shows a possible electromagnets switching activation sequence for motor control based on "control principle 1" scheme in accordance with the principle of the invention
  • Fig.6 shows a possible electromagnets switching activation sequence for motor control based on "control principle 2" scheme in accordance with the principle of the invention
  • Fig.7 shows a possible electromagnets switching activation sequence for motor control based on "control principle 3" scheme in accordance with the principle of the invention
  • Fig.8 shows a possible electromagnets switching activation sequence for motor control based on "control principle 4" scheme in accordance with the principle of the invention
  • machine is intended to comprise both motor and generator.
  • magnet when used without “permanent” or “electro” is intended to comprise either permanent magnets or electromagnets.
  • motor or “generator” are intended to comprise any electrical motor or generator.
  • brushless DC rotation machine is intended to refer to sub ⁇ stantially to any electrical machine working with DC power supply and with electrical circuit electronic switching which includes BLDC motors and generators.
  • a machine, motor or generator which in ⁇ cludes a rotor, a stator with a number of electromagnets, a sensor sys ⁇ tem to provide the angular position of the rotor with respect to the stator and a control system to activate/deactivate the electromagnets at certain angular position of the rotor.
  • the electromagnets are disposed circularly around the rotation axis and their electrical winding termi ⁇ nations are electrically connected within the stator, with proper junc ⁇ tions, one to the other in series, to form a closed loop circuit.
  • the stator includes two closed loop electrical buses, one connected to the positive ( + ) DC power supply connection (positive bus) and one to the negative (-) DC power supply connection (negative bus) . These two elec ⁇ trical buses are also connected, via controllable switching transistors integrated into the stator, to the electromagnets junctions.
  • Fig.l is a perspective exploded view of an axial flux brushless DC ro ⁇ tation machine 1 (motor/generator) constructed and arranged in accordance with the principle of the invention, which, in this case, includes a stator 3 with a number of electromagnets 30 and two mechanical connected rotor elements 2A and 2B with a rotation axis parallel to Z axis, each of them with a number of magnets 21.
  • the figure shows also the components of each rotor element, i.e. the back iron 22, the magnets 21 and the support structure 23.
  • the magnets 21 of the rotor may either be permanent magnets or electromagnets or a combination of them.
  • the electromagnets 30 are circularly positioned as indicated in Fig.2 and their winding terminations are electrically connected, with proper junctions 31, one to the other in series to form a closed loop electrical circuit.
  • the electromagnets core axes 301 are parallel to the motor rotating axis 11.
  • a s shown in Fig.3 electromagnets 30 include windings 302 and ferromagnetic core 303 and shoes 304 comprising laminated ferromagnetic material.
  • the electrical conductors in the windings can be of circular, square or rectangular cross section and can also be tape conductors. These conductors may include copper or aluminum or other conductors.
  • the stator is also provided with two closed loop electrical buses, one indicated with 41 electrically connected to the positive (+) dc power supply and the other, indicated with 42, electrically connected to the negative (-) DC power supply.
  • all the junctions 31 between any two electromagnets windings 302 terminations are electrically connected through controllable switching transistors 5 to the two electrical buses 41 and 42.
  • the switching transistors between the positive (+) bus 41 and the junctions 31 are indicated with TH (Transistor High) and the switching transistors between the negative (-) bus 42 and the junctions 31 are indicated with TL (Transistor Low) .
  • TH Transistor High
  • TL Transistor Low
  • redundant transistors 5 may be used in the circuit for higher reliability.
  • the machine may be assembled with the winding of each electromagnet in the same versus (clockwise or counter clockwise) or it may be assembled with alternate versus of the windings in any adjacent electromagnet. This would allow, when the current flows in one versus, in the first case to have same polarity on the adjacent electromagnets and in the second case to have different polarities on the adjacent electromagnets. With the proposed invention, moreover, the current on each electromagnet may flow in one versus or the other depending on the status of the switching transistors.
  • the machine comprises a sensor system to provide the angular position of the rotor elements 2A and 2B with respect to the stator 3.
  • sensor system we intend a system which includes also the so called sensorless system where the system senses back EMF or make use of incremental position encoder or hall sensors.
  • the flow and versus of the current in the windings 302 of each electromagnet 30 depends on the status of these switching transistors 5. According to the control principle chosen, some of these switching transistors 5 ' may be enabled to change from off to on and viceversa at certain angular positions of the rotor 2 with respect to the stator 3. Different control principles may be chosen to provide the wanted ⁇ torque and rotation speed and all electromagnets 30 may be switched on at the same time for higher torque density.
  • Control Principle 1 is for a configuration in which the electromagnets windings are winded with opposite versus one from the adjacent two. In this control principle only two transistor switches 5 are switched on at any time and position: one transistor between the junction 31 and the positive bus 41 and one transistor between the diametrically opposed junction 31 and the negative bus 42.
  • the TH1(+ ) switch is switched on (closed) and also the TL7(-) switch is switched on (closed). All the other switches are switched off (open).
  • the current then flows through the windings L1,L2,L3,L4,L5 and L6 on the right side and through L12 , Lll , L10 , L9, L8 and L7 on the left side.
  • electromagnets L1,L3,L5 as well as L12,L10,L8 have one polarity while the remaining electromagnets have opposite polarity. In this way all the powered electromagnets interact with the facing permanent magnets of the two rotors giving rise to all counterclockwise rotation torques on the rotors.
  • Step 2 of Fig. 5 shows a 3° rotation of the rotor 2 as a consequence of the magnetic field generated by the switching selection.
  • Step 2 3° of rotation, there are still concurring counter clockwise torques contribute from the interaction of each stator electromagnets with rotor magnets and this contribution lasts until a rotation in counterclockwise direction of 6° is achieved i.e. Step 3 of Fig.5.
  • the TH1 and TL7 are switched off (open) .
  • TH2( + ) and the opposite TL8 (-) are switched on (closed) .
  • the rotation angle of 6° comes from the number of electromagnets of the stator and the number of magnets in the rotor. This angle can be calculated as follows :
  • Step 5 of Fig.5 indicates a further rotation of 3°, overall 9° of rotor rotation from Step 1, where there are still concurring counter clockwise torques contribute from each rotor magnet as indicated in the figure and this contribution lasts until a total rotation in counterclockwise di ⁇ rection of 12° is achieved, i.e. Step 6 of the figure.
  • Step 6 the figure.
  • TH2( + ) and TL8(-) are switched off (open) and TH3(+ ) and the opposite TL9(-) would then switched on (closed) and so on every 6° the following couple of switch on (+ ) bus and the opposite switch on the (-) bus are on up to a whole revolution of the. magnetic field rotation is completed.
  • Control Principle 2 A second control principle, which we will call Control Principle 2 is again for a configuration in which the electromagnets windings are winded with opposite versus one from the adjacent two.
  • a couple of adjacent switches connected to the positive power bus- i.e. TH1 and TH2
  • TH1 and TH2 are switched on (closed) at the same time together with the diametrically opposed couple of switches connected to the negative bus, i.e. TL7 and TL8. All the other switches are switched off (open).
  • the current then flows through the electromagnets L2,L3,L4,L5 and L6 on the right side and through electromagnets L12 , Ll 1 , L10, L9, and L8 on the left side.
  • Step 3 and Step 4 of Fig.6 After the rotor rotation in counterclockwise direction of 6°, shown as Step 3 and Step 4 of Fig.6, the TH1+ and TL7 are switched off (open) and TH3+ and the opposite TL9- are switched on while TH2+ and TL8- continue to remain on as it is also indicated in the electrical scheme B of Fig.6.
  • Step 6 in Fig.6 overall 12° of rotor rotation from Step 1
  • TH2+ and TL8- are switched off (open) and TH4+ and the opposite TL10- are switched on (closed) and so on every 6°the following couple of switch on (+ ) bus and the opposite switch on the (-) bus are on up to a whole revolution of the magnetic field is completed.
  • a third control principle which we will call Control Principle 3 is for a configuration in which the electromagnets windings are winded all with the same. ersus.
  • Control Principle 3 is for a configuration in which the electromagnets windings are winded all with the same. ersus.
  • Fig. 7 With a sta- tor of twelve electromagnets and a two rotor elements of ten permanent magnets each, at a certain angular position of the rotor, indicated in the Fig.7 with Step 1, 0°of rotation, TH1, TH3, TH5, TH8 and TH10 are switched on (closed) at the same time together with TL2 , TL4, TL7, TL9 and TL11. All the other switches are switched off (open).
  • the current then flows through the electromagnets Ll, L3, L5, L6, L8 and L10 in clockwise versus and through electromagnets L12 , Lll , L9, L7 , L4 and L2 in counter clock versus.
  • Step 3 and Step 4 of Fig.7 After the rotor rotation in counterclockwise direction of 6°, shown as Step 3 and Step 4 of Fig.7, the TH1, TH3, TH5, TH8 and TH10 and TL2, TL4, TL7, TL9 and TL11 are switched off (open) and TH2, TH4, TH6, TH9 and TH11 are switched on (closed) at the same time together with TL3, TL5, TL8, TL10 and TL12 and this is also indicated in the electrical scheme B of Fig.7.
  • Step 6 in Fig.7 After another 6°of rotation, indicated as Step 6 in Fig.7 (overall 12°of rotor rotation from Step 1), the TH2, TH4, TH6, TH9 and TH11 and TL3, TL5, TL8 , TL10 and TL12 are switched off (open) and the following adjacent switching in clockwise direction are switched on (closed) and so on up to a whole revolution of the magnetic field is completed and then the switching sequence start again.
  • a fourth control principle which we will call Control Principle 4 is for a configuration in which the electromagnets windings are winded all with the same versus.
  • a stator of twelve electromagnets and a two rotor elements of ten permanent magnets each at a certain angular position of the rotor, indicated in the Fig.8 with Step 1, 0° of rotation, TH1, TH3, TH5, TH8, TH10 and TH12 are switched on (closed) at the same time together with TL2, TL4, TL6, TL7, TL9 and TL11. All the other switches are switched off (open).
  • Electromagnets L12 and L6 do not work in this phase.
  • Step 3 and Step 4 of Fig.8 After the rotor rotation in counterclockwise direction of 6°, shown as Step 3 and Step 4 of Fig.8, the TH3, TH5, TH8 , TH10 and TH12 and TL2, TL4, TL6, TL9 and TL11 are switched off (open) and TH2, TH4, TH6, TH9 and TH11 are switched on (closed) at the same time together with TL3 , TL5, TL8, TL10 and TL12 and this is also indicated in the electrical scheme B of Fig.8.
  • control principle 3 and 4 require higher on/off switching cycles with respect to control principles 1 and 2 but the electric current level flowing through the electromagnets is lower and this can be an advantage for the selection of the switching transistors and to limit ohm- ic dissipation and thermal load.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une machine de rotation à courant continu sans balai qui comprend un stator ayant une séquence d'électroaimants connectés, par l'intermédiaire de jonctions électriques, l'un à l'autre pour former un circuit électrique en boucle fermée et deux bus électriques en boucle fermée, intégrés dans le stator, l'un étant connecté à l'alimentation en courant continu à borne positive (+) et l'autre à l'alimentation en courant continu à borne négative (-), ces deux bus étant également connectés, par l'intermédiaire de transistors correspondants de commutation intégrés pouvant être commandés, à toutes les jonctions d'électroaimants. L'état de chaque transistor de commutation est commandé sur la base de la position angulaire du rotor par rapport au stator. Cette configuration électrique innovante et système de commande intégré innovant devraient permettre un rapport puissance/poids élevé, une compacité et une simplicité.
PCT/IB2017/000001 2017-01-02 2017-01-02 Configuration électrique pourvue d'un système de commande intégré destinée à un moteur ou générateur électrique à courant continu sans balai WO2018122593A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2017/000001 WO2018122593A1 (fr) 2017-01-02 2017-01-02 Configuration électrique pourvue d'un système de commande intégré destinée à un moteur ou générateur électrique à courant continu sans balai

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PCT/IB2017/000001 WO2018122593A1 (fr) 2017-01-02 2017-01-02 Configuration électrique pourvue d'un système de commande intégré destinée à un moteur ou générateur électrique à courant continu sans balai

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023239247A1 (fr) * 2022-06-06 2023-12-14 Magnetech S.A.C. Dispositif générateur d'énergie par effondrement magnétique

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998008291A1 (fr) * 1996-08-22 1998-02-26 Rivera Nicholas N Machine a courant continu a aimants permanents avec commande de bobinages reconfigurables et montes solidaires
EP1798847A2 (fr) * 2005-12-17 2007-06-20 Converteam Ltd Circuits de communication électroniques
JP2014068499A (ja) * 2012-09-27 2014-04-17 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 電動機制御装置
WO2015081106A2 (fr) * 2013-11-29 2015-06-04 Douglas Richard Appareil électromagnétique à commutation électronique

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998008291A1 (fr) * 1996-08-22 1998-02-26 Rivera Nicholas N Machine a courant continu a aimants permanents avec commande de bobinages reconfigurables et montes solidaires
EP1798847A2 (fr) * 2005-12-17 2007-06-20 Converteam Ltd Circuits de communication électroniques
JP2014068499A (ja) * 2012-09-27 2014-04-17 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 電動機制御装置
WO2015081106A2 (fr) * 2013-11-29 2015-06-04 Douglas Richard Appareil électromagnétique à commutation électronique

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023239247A1 (fr) * 2022-06-06 2023-12-14 Magnetech S.A.C. Dispositif générateur d'énergie par effondrement magnétique

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