WO2018121701A1 - 一种静电扬声器结构 - Google Patents

一种静电扬声器结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018121701A1
WO2018121701A1 PCT/CN2017/119612 CN2017119612W WO2018121701A1 WO 2018121701 A1 WO2018121701 A1 WO 2018121701A1 CN 2017119612 W CN2017119612 W CN 2017119612W WO 2018121701 A1 WO2018121701 A1 WO 2018121701A1
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diaphragm
metal
electrostatic speaker
speaker structure
mesh
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PCT/CN2017/119612
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English (en)
French (fr)
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边仿
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头领科技（昆山）有限公司
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Publication of WO2018121701A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018121701A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/02—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2400/00—Loudspeakers
    • H04R2400/11—Aspects regarding the frame of loudspeaker transducers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of speaker technologies, and in particular, to an electrostatic speaker structure.
  • electroacoustic speakers can be roughly classified into equal-magnetic speakers, moving-coil speakers, piezoelectric speakers, and electrostatic speakers.
  • Electrostatic speakers are often considered to provide high quality audio reproduction, primarily for advanced headphones and speakers.
  • the principle of the conventional electrostatic speaker is to form two capacitors with an aperture and a fixed plate (usually a pcb board, a metal plate, and a metal plate with an insulating layer) to form a capacitor, and a DC bias is supplied through the diaphragm.
  • a DC bias is supplied through the diaphragm.
  • an alternating voltage that gives the two electrodes audio, using the electrostatic force generated in the positive and negative places to drive the diaphragm vibration and radiate the sound.
  • the diaphragm is mostly made of an insulating film, and a very thin electrically conductive coating such as a metal or a semiconductor is plated on the surface of the insulating film.
  • the diaphragm of the electrostatic speaker is extremely thin and extremely light, almost negligible diaphragm inertial motion, so it has better transient response and more detailed expression; at the same time, the speaker The sounding area is very large, and the total area of the diaphragm is more than ten times that of the conventional dynamic speaker. On the sense of hearing, the sound field and audio image of the electrostatic speaker are larger, and the sound is more relaxed and natural.
  • an electrostatic speaker requires two plates to allow the air pushed by the diaphragm to pass with as little resistance as possible to enhance the sound permeability of the plate, which requires a larger opening ratio of the plate; It also needs to generate a sufficiently strong and uniform electrostatic field between the two plates to allow the diaphragm to be fully driven for linear motion, thereby pushing as much air flow as possible to achieve sufficient vocal intensity, which requires plates.
  • the electrode should be as uniform as possible, and the lower the opening ratio, the better. In short, increasing the opening ratio of the plate, while reducing the acoustic resistance, will result in a decrease in the strength of the electrostatic field, and the uniformity will be worse; on the contrary, the sound permeability will be worse, and the two cannot be balanced.
  • the conventional practice is to uniformly perforate the plate, and the perforation rate is about 20-40.
  • the electrostatic speaker is easily damaged in an environment with a large humidity or dust, and some users who use the static earphone may even be equipped with a special moisture-proof box for storage. This is because the electrostatic speaker is in a high-voltage operation state when the sound is emitted, and the electrode plate and the diaphragm are easy to adsorb dust; when the environment is in a relatively humid environment for a long time, the coating is likely to peel off the diaphragm.
  • a thin dust cover is added to some of the electrostatic speakers to close the plate and the diaphragm. Referring to Fig.
  • the reference numerals in the figures respectively indicate: a plate 1, a diaphragm 2, a diaphragm frame 3, a film frame 4, a film 5, a film 5 and a plate 1, a diaphragm frame 3 and a film frame 4 in the figure.
  • the outer peripheral surface is combined to form a closed space.
  • the diaphragm 2 divides the closed space into two cavities. Although the sound waves emitted from the diaphragm 2 can pass through the film 5, the vibration of the diaphragm 2 substantially changes the volume of the cavity and pushes the air to move, thereby driving the film 5 on both sides thereof to vibrate together. In this case, the diaphragm 2 is decelerated by the vibration of the driving film 5, and the film 5 also constitutes a new sound source, which increases the sound of the speaker and degrades the sound quality.
  • the object of the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide an electrostatic speaker structure and an earphone with the same.
  • An electrostatic speaker structure comprising a tensioned diaphragm and two apertured plates, wherein the two plates are formed with a conductive electrode layer, wherein the plate comprises a metal braid a mesh and an annular rigid frame; a periphery of the metal woven mesh is fixed to the rigid frame and maintained in a tensioned state, the metal woven mesh is electrically connected to the signal line; and the two plates are located in the vibration Both sides of the membrane are mirror symmetrical along the diaphragm.
  • the plate is fixedly disposed at the inner side of the diaphragm with at least one insulating clamping member, and the clamping members of the two plates correspond to the diaphragm in a one-to-one manner, so that the diaphragm is flat in a static state. .
  • the number of the clamping members on the electrode plate is not less than two, the distance between any two elastic pads on the electrode plate, and the distance between any one of the elastic pads and the rigid frame are not less than 2 cm.
  • the metal forming mesh has an opening ratio of between 30 and 70%.
  • the metal forming mesh has an opening ratio of between 35-65%.
  • the wire mesh diameter of the metal woven mesh is not more than 0.12 mm, and the mesh number is not less than 100 mesh.
  • the rigid frame is constructed of a sheet of epoxy glass cloth.
  • the rigid frame is a metal frame having an insulating layer.
  • the inner edge of the inner side of the rigid frame is plated with a metal conductive ring that is closed end to end in a closed loop, and the periphery of the metal woven mesh is electrically connected to the metal conductive ring.
  • the metal frame material is selected from one of a high damping alloy or an aluminum alloy.
  • the electrostatic speaker structure further includes a dust cover including a uniform film surrounding a closed cavity, the diaphragm and the two plates being located in the closed cavity.
  • the film is an elastic film having a thickness of between 50 and 1000 microns, the tension of which does not exceed 1/10 of the tension of the diaphragm.
  • the tension of the film does not exceed 1/30 of the tension of the diaphragm.
  • the film is adhered to the rigid frame and supported by the rigid frame.
  • the grid of the PCB plate and the punched metal plate must ensure that it does not break during processing, so the grid size has physical limits.
  • the wire diameter of the high mesh metal woven mesh is much smaller than the grid size of the PCB plate and the punched metal plate, which is favorable for sound wave diffraction, and the sound transmission loss is extremely small. Moreover, the electric field uniformity of the metal woven mesh is higher.
  • the opening has a wedge-shaped tip of 90 degrees. At work, the charge concentrates on the tip and is easily discharged to produce noise.
  • the circular metal wire of the metal woven mesh does not have the above-mentioned sharp points, which reduces the creepage requirement of the electrostatic speaker.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an existing electrostatic speaker with a dust cover
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an outer side of an electrode plate according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an inner side of an electrode plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a speaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a graph of the auditory spectrum of the human ear.
  • the electrostatic speaker disclosed in the present invention comprises an audio signal line 6, an electrically conductive diaphragm 2, a diaphragm frame 3, and two plates.
  • the electrode plate is formed with a conductive electrode layer and a diaphragm.
  • the frame 3 is made of an insulating material, and the periphery of the diaphragm 2 is fixed to the diaphragm frame 3 and tensioned.
  • the diaphragm is biased by supplying the DC bias of the diaphragm 2 and the AC voltage applied to the plate, and the electrostatic force generated in the positive and negative places is used.
  • the diaphragm vibrates to produce a sound based on the vibration factor (related to frequency, amplitude and phase).
  • the sound caused by the diaphragm 2 is transmitted through at least the opening in the plate to radiate sound to the external space.
  • the electrode plate of this embodiment adopts a metal woven mesh. Its structure is:
  • Each plate is composed of a metal woven mesh 7 and an annular rigid frame 8.
  • the periphery of the metal woven mesh 7 is fixed to the rigid frame 8 and maintained in tension, while the metal woven mesh 7 is electrically connected to the audio signal line 6 to serve as an electrode for generating an electric field when the speaker operates.
  • the two rigid frames 8 sandwich the diaphragm frame 3 and the upper diaphragm 2, and the first plate and the second plate are located on both sides of the diaphragm and are mirror-symmetrical along the diaphragm 2.
  • the rigid frame 8 is constructed of a fiberglass PCB board, model number FR-4.
  • the substrate of the FR-4 is an epoxy glass cloth laminate on which metal wires are printed.
  • the structure is characterized in that the inner edge of the inner side of the rigid frame 8 is plated with a metal conductive ring 9 end to end in a closed loop, and the periphery of the metal woven mesh 7 is electrically connected to the metal conductive.
  • the fixing method may be welding, bonding or the like.
  • the metal conductive ring 9 also has a lead 10 to which the lead 10 and the audio signal line 6 are electrically connected.
  • the rigid frame 8 is made of a metal frame having an insulating layer. Similarly, the inner edge of the inner side of the rigid frame 8 is plated with a metal conductive ring 9 end to end in a closed loop, and the periphery of the metal woven mesh 7 is electrically connected to the metal conductive ring 9.
  • the material of the above metal frame may be an aluminum alloy.
  • the rigid frame that is, the aluminum-based PCB board, that is, the aluminum-based copper-clad board, is composed of a copper foil, a thermally conductive insulating layer, and a metal substrate.
  • the circuit printing method and the metal woven mesh 7 are fixed in the same manner as the glass fiber PCB.
  • the use of aluminum-based PCB boards and glass-fiber PCB boards as a rigid frame is mature and relatively low in cost. Compared with the glass fiber PCB board, the aluminum-based PCB board not only has higher strength, but the natural frequency of the metal frame can be much higher than 20KHz, which effectively reduces the sound and dye.
  • the material of the above metal frame can also be a high damping alloy, and the high damping property can effectively reduce the generation of resonance.
  • the interior of the annular rigid frame 8 may also be provided with an integrally formed internal support structure, as shown in FIGS. 2-3.
  • the metal woven mesh 7 has a structure of high mesh number and high opening ratio. Its opening ratio should be between 30-70%.
  • the wire diameter of the metal woven mesh 7 is not more than 0.12 mm, and the mesh number is not less than 100 mesh.
  • 140 mesh plain weave mesh wire diameter 0.060mm, opening ratio 45%;
  • 140 mesh plain weave mesh wire diameter 0.030mm, opening ratio 70%;
  • the mesh diameter of the high mesh metal woven mesh can reach 0.25 mm or even lower. When a sound wave propagates, it can continue to bypass an object of a size close to or less than the wavelength, a condition called diffraction. Taking the diameter of 0.05 mm as an example, the corresponding acoustic wave wavelength is 6.67 MHz, which is much higher than the audible 20 KHz of the human ear. Therefore, the metal woven mesh 7 serves as an electrode plate, which is advantageous for sound wave diffraction, and the sound transmission loss is extremely small.
  • the aperture size is large, and the electric field uniformity is not good.
  • the metal woven mesh has a much smaller aperture and wire diameter, and the electric field uniformity is higher.
  • the sound-transmissive opening is substantially equivalent to a circular channel having a length in which sound waves are reflected and diffracted in the channel and on the outer edge of the channel. And coherent, resulting in deterioration of sound.
  • the electrostatic speaker is inevitably due to the small amplitude of the diaphragm and the general low frequency sense is insufficient, and the insulating layer obviously sacrifices the amplitude of the diaphragm, so it is not ideal to provide an insulating layer outside the pole plate.
  • the circular metal wire of the metal woven mesh does not have the above-mentioned sharp point, which can avoid the problem of the above-mentioned tip discharge and reduce the creepage requirement of the electrostatic speaker.
  • a clamp 11 is also provided on the metal woven mesh 7.
  • the metal woven mesh 7 is fixedly disposed at the inner side of the diaphragm 2 with at least one insulating clamping member 11, and the clamping members 11 on the two electrode plates correspond one-to-one and sandwich the diaphragm 2.
  • the diaphragm 2 is flat in a stationary state.
  • the holder 11 corresponds to a support point for the diaphragm 2, and the vibration of the diaphragm 2 is divided. This can effectively prevent the diaphragm 2 from coming into contact with the plate to generate noise when vibrating, or even damage the speaker.
  • the number and distribution of the holding members 11 on each of the metal woven meshes 7 should be determined in accordance with the tension, the amplitude of the diaphragm 2, and the pitch of the diaphragm 2 to the plates.
  • the clamping member 11 is set too dense, the amplitude of the diaphragm 2 is greatly reduced, resulting in a deterioration of the low frequency; and when the spacing between two adjacent clamping members 11 is too large, the amplitude of the diaphragm 2 between the two exceeds the diaphragm. 2 and the distance between the plates, causing the diaphragm 2 to shoot when working. Therefore, the spacing between any two clamping members 11 on the metal woven mesh 7 and the distance from any one of the clamping members 11 to the rigid frame are not less than 2 cm.
  • the electrostatic speaker structure of the present embodiment further includes a dust cover including a uniform film 12 surrounding a closed cavity, and the diaphragm 3 and the two plates are located in the sealed space. Inside the cavity.
  • the film 12 is adhered to the rigid frame 8 and supported by the rigid frame 8, while the rigid frame 8 and the diaphragm frame 3 are in close fitting seal, thereby forming an enclosed space.
  • the film 12 is an elastic film having a thickness of between 50 and 1000 microns, and the tension does not exceed 1/10 of the tension of the diaphragm 2. Further preferably, the tension of the film 12 does not exceed 1/30 of the tension of the diaphragm. Thereby, the film 12 is in a tensioned state, but the tension is at least an order of magnitude smaller than the tension of the diaphragm 2, and has good ductility. As can be seen from Fig. 5, the sensitive area of the human ear is concentrated between 500 Hz and 5 kHz.
  • the film 12 is in a state of slow expansion/contraction, which greatly reduces the vibration frequency. It avoids the sensitive sound of human ears.
  • the electrostatic speaker may be provided with a protective net 13 which is a metal woven mesh fixed to the outside of the rigid frame 8.

Abstract

一种静电扬声器结构,包括被张紧的振膜以及开孔的两块极板,所述的两块极板上都形成有导电的电极层，其特征在于：所述极板包括一金属编织网和一环状的刚性框架；所述金属编织网的周缘被固定于所述刚性框架上并保持张紧状态，所述金属编织网与信号线电连接；所述的两块极板位于振膜两侧并沿振膜镜像对称。其优点是：高目数金属编织网的线径极小，有利于声波衍射，透声性损失极小，且金属编织网电场均匀性更高。圆形金属线不存在尖劈，降低了静电扬声器爬电要求。

Description

一种静电扬声器结构 技术领域
本发明涉及扬声器技术领域，尤其涉及一种静电扬声器结构。
背景技术
目前电声扬声器以驱动方式分类可大致分为等磁式扬声器、动圈式扬声器、压电式扬声器及静电式扬声器。
静电式扬声器常常被考虑用来提供高质量的音频再现，主要应用于高级的耳机和音箱。传统静电式扬声器的作用原理是将两片具有开孔且固定的极板(通常采用pcb板、金属板、带绝缘层的金属板)挟持导电的振膜形成电容，通过供给振膜直流偏压以及给予两个电极音频的交流电压，利用正负电场所发生的静电力，带动振膜振动并将声音辐射出去。为降低振膜的振动质量，振膜的结构大多采用绝缘薄膜，并在绝缘薄膜的表层镀一层极薄的电传导性涂层，如金属、半导体。
相对最常见的动圈式扬声器，静电式扬声器的振膜极薄，质量极轻，几乎可以忽略振膜惯性运动，因此具有更好的瞬态响应和更强的细节表现力；同时，扬声器的发声面积非常大，振膜总面积是传统动圈扬声器的十倍以上，在听感上静电式扬声器的音场、音像更大,同时声音也会比较宽松自然。
在理想情况下，静电扬声器需要两块极板能够让振膜振动时推动的空气以尽量小的阻力通过以增强极板的透声性，这要求极板有较大的开孔率；同时，其又需要能在两片极板之间生成足够强和均匀的静电场让振膜受到充分驱动来进行线性运动，进而推动尽量多的空气流 动量来达到足够的发声强度，这就要求极板电极要尽量均匀，开孔率越低越好。简而言之，提高极板开孔率，在减少声阻的同时，会导致静电场强度降低，均匀性变差；反之，则透声性变差，二者无法兼顾。目前常规的做法是在极板均匀穿孔，穿孔率在20-40左右。
另外，静电扬声器处于湿度或尘埃较大的环境时容易损坏，部分使用静电耳机的用户甚至会配备专门的防潮箱来保存。这是因为：静电扬声器发声时处于高压工作状态下，极板和振膜容易吸附尘埃；长期处于湿度较大的环境时，涂层容易剥离振膜。为增加静电扬声器的环境适应性，目前部分静电扬声器上增设有较薄的防尘罩，将极板和振膜封闭起来。参见图1所示，图中标号分别表示：极板1、振膜2、振膜框架3、薄膜框架4、薄膜5，图中薄膜5以及极板1、振膜框架3和薄膜框架4的外周面共同围合成一个封闭空间。
虽然在理论上，当遮挡物的厚度远小于声波波长时，声波可以近乎无损耗的穿过遮挡物。由图1可知，振膜2将该封闭空间分割为两个空腔。虽然振膜2发出的声波能够穿过薄膜5，但振膜2的振动实质性的改变了空腔的容积，并推动空气运动，进而驱动其两侧的薄膜5随之一起振动。这种情况下，振膜2会因驱动薄膜5振动而降低振幅，同时薄膜5也构成一个新的声源，增加了扬声器的音染，劣化了音质。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术结构上的缺点，提出一种静电扬声器结构及带有该扬声器的耳机，。
为了达到上述发明目的，本发明实施例提出的一种扬声器是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种静电扬声器结构,包括被张紧的振膜以及开孔的两块极板,所述的两块极板上都形成有导电的电极层，其特征在于：所述极板包括一金属编织网和一环状的刚性框架；所述金属编织网的周缘被固定于所述刚性框架上并保持张紧状态，所述金属编织网与信号线电连接；所述的两块极板位于振膜两侧并沿振膜镜像对称。
所述极板朝向振膜的内侧固定设有至少一个绝缘的夹持件，两个极板的该些夹持件一一对应并夹持所述振膜，使振膜在静止状态下为平面。
所述极板上夹持件数量不少于两个，所述极板上任意两个弹性垫间的间距，以及任意一个弹性垫到刚性框架的距离均不小于2cm。
所述金属编制网的开孔率介于30-70％之间。
所述金属编制网的开孔率介于35-65％之间。
所述金属编织网的线径不超过0.12mm，目数不低于100目。
所述刚性框架由环氧玻璃布层压板构成。
所述刚性框架为金属框架，所述金属框架具有绝缘层。
所述刚性框架内侧之内缘镀有首尾相接呈封闭环状的金属导电环，所述金属编织网周缘以电性连接的方式固定于金属导电环上。
所述金属框架材料选自高阻尼合金或铝合金中的一种。
所述静电扬声器结构还包括防尘罩，该防尘罩包括围合成一密闭空腔的均匀的薄膜，所述振膜和两块极板均位于所述密闭空腔内。
所述薄膜为厚度介于50-1000微米之间的弹性膜，其张力不超过所述振膜的张力的1/10。
所述薄膜的张力不超过所述振膜的张力的1/30。
所述薄膜粘附在所述刚性框架上，并由所述刚性框架支撑。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1、受限于工艺，PCB极板和冲孔金属极板的格栅必须保证在加工时不会断裂，故而格栅尺寸存在物理极限。高目数金属编织网的线径远小于PCB极板和冲孔金属极板的格栅尺寸，有利于声波衍射，透声性损失极小。而且金属编织网电场均匀性更高。
2、常规pcb板和冲孔金属板做极板时，开孔处具有90度的楔形尖劈。在工作时，电荷集中该尖劈处，容易放电产生噪声。而金属编织网的圆形金属线不存在上述尖劈，降低了静电扬声器爬电要求。
3、在极板上增设夹持振膜的夹持件，避免了扬声器在工作时振膜接触电极导致的噪声。
4、优化了防尘罩结构，通过控制防尘罩上的薄膜厚度，并采用弹性膜和降低薄膜张力的方式，来降低防尘罩对于音质的损害。
附图说明
通过下面结合附图对其示例性实施例进行的描述，本发明上述特征和优点将会变得更加清楚和容易理解。
图1为现有带防尘罩的静电扬声器结构示意图；
图2为发明实施例极板外侧面结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例极板内侧面结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例扬声器结构示意简图；
图5人耳听觉频谱曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明，以便于同行业技术人员的理解：
参见图2-4所示，本发明所公开的静电扬声器包括音频信号线6、电传导性振膜2、振膜框架3以及两块极板，极板上形成有导电的电极层，振膜框架3采用绝缘材料，振膜2周缘固定在振膜框架3上并被张紧。在扬声器工作时，通过供给振膜2直流偏压以及给予极板交流电压，利用正负电场所发生的静电力，迫使振膜发生振动。振膜振动从而产生基于振动因数(与频率、振幅和相位相关)的声音。振膜2引起的声音至少透过极板上的开孔，从而将声音辐射到外部空间。
和现有技术不同的是：本实施例极板采用金属编织网。其结构为：
每一极板均由一金属编织网7和一环状的刚性框架8构成。金属编织网7的周缘被固定于刚性框架8上并保持张紧状态，同时金属编织网7与音频信号线6电连接，以作为扬声器工作时产生电场的极板。两个刚性框架8夹持振膜框架3及其上振膜2，此时第一极板和第二极板位于振膜两侧并沿振膜2镜像对称。
一个优选的实施例中，刚性框架8由玻纤PCB板构成，型号为FR-4。FR-4的基板采用环氧玻璃布层压板，其上印刷金属导线。应用在本发明中时，其结构表现为：刚性框架8内侧之内缘镀有首尾相接呈封闭环状的金属导电环9，而金属编织网7周缘以电性连接的方式固定于金属导电环9上，固定方式可以为焊接、粘结等。金属导电环9还具有引线10，引线10和音频信号线6电连接。
另一个优选的实施例中，刚性框架8由为金属框架，金属框架具有绝缘层。同样的，刚性框架8内侧之内缘镀有首尾相接呈封闭环状的金属导电环9，金属编织网7周缘以电性连接的方式固定于金属导电环9上。
上述金属框架的材料可以是铝合金。此方案中刚性框架即铝基PCB板，也就是铝基覆铜板，由铜箔、导热绝缘层及金属基板组成。其电路印刷方式以及金属编织网7固定方式和玻纤PCB板相同。采用铝基PCB板和玻纤PCB板作为刚性框架加工工艺成熟，成本相对较低。相对玻纤PCB板来说，铝基PCB板不仅强度更高，而金属框架固有频率能够远高于20KHz，有效降低音染。
上述金属框架的材料还可以是高阻尼合金，通过其高阻尼性能，能够有效的降低共振的产生。
为加强刚性框架8的强度、提高刚性框架8的固有频率，环状刚性框架8的内部还可以设置一体成型的内部支撑结构，如图2-3所示。
金属编织网7采用高目数和高开孔率的结构。其开孔率应当在30-70％之间。金属编织网7的线径不超过0.12mm，目数不低于100目。
以下是几个具体实施例中金属编织网7的参数：
100目平纹金属编织网:线径0.100mm、开孔率37％；
100目平纹金属编织网:线径0.080mm、开孔率47％；
100目平纹金属编织网:线径0.025mm、开孔率81％；
120目平纹金属编织网:线径0.080mm、开孔率39％；
120目平纹金属编织网:线径0.040mm、开孔率65％；
140目平纹金属编织网:线径0.060mm、开孔率45％；
140目平纹金属编织网:线径0.030mm、开孔率70％；
180目平纹金属编织网:线径0.050mm、开孔率42％；
180目平纹金属编织网:线径0.025mm、开孔率68％；
200目平纹金属编织网:线径0.051mm、开孔率35％；
200目平纹金属编织网:线径0.025mm、开孔率64％；
250目平纹金属编织网:线径0.040mm、开孔率37％；
250目平纹金属编织网:线径0.030mm、开孔率50％；
300目平纹金属编织网:线径0.030mm、开孔率41％；
300目平纹金属编织网:线径0.025mm、开孔率49％；
400目平纹金属编织网:线径0.025mm、开孔率37％。
经过申请人试制样品和常规电极的静电扬声器对比，发现电极采用金属编制网时声场和高频的延伸性整体优于常规电极的静电扬声器。且开孔率在35％-65％之间时，其声音表现尤为出色。
受限于工艺，冲孔PCB板、金属冲孔板、带绝缘层的冲孔金属板的格栅必须保证在加工时不会发生断裂，故而格栅尺寸存在物理极限。而高目数金属编织网的线径能够达到0.25mm甚至更低。声波在传播时，能够绕过一个大小接近于或小于波长的物体继续进行，这种情况称为衍射。而以0.05mm的线径为例，其对应的声波波长为6.67MHz，远远高于人耳可闻的20KHz。因此金属编织网7作为极板，有利于声波衍射，透声性损失极小。
另外，冲孔PCB板、金属冲孔板、带绝缘层的冲孔金属板作为极板时，为提高开孔率，其孔径尺寸较大，电场均匀性不佳。而同样开孔率的前提下，金属编织网孔径和线径要小的多，其电场均匀性更高。
对于冲孔PCB板和金属板来说，因为具有一定的厚度，其透声的开孔实质上相当于一个具有长度的圆形通道，声波在该通道内以及通道外缘会产生反射、绕射和相干，导致声音的劣化。
除此之外，常规pcb板和金属冲孔板做极板时，其开孔处不可避免的存在90度的楔形尖劈。在工作时，电荷集中该尖劈处，容易放电 产生噪声。而带绝缘层的金属冲孔板虽然避免了上述问题，但对于静电扬声器来说，其输出声压级和振膜与极板的间距成正比，因此极板和振膜间的间距非常小，所以静电扬声器不可避免的因振膜振幅较小而普遍低频量感不足，而绝缘层显然会牺牲振膜的振幅，故极板外设置绝缘层并非理想方案。
而金属编织网的圆形金属线不存在上述尖劈，能够避免上述尖劈放电的问题，降低了静电扬声器爬电要求。
金属编织网7上还设置有夹持件11。参见图2所示，金属编织网7朝向振膜2的内侧固定设有至少一个绝缘的夹持件11，两个极板上的该些夹持件11一一对应并夹持振膜2。振膜2在静止状态下为平面。夹持件11对于振膜2来说相当于一个支撑点，对于振膜2的振动进行分割。这样可以有效避免振膜2在振动时接触极板产生噪声，甚至是损害扬声器。每一金属编织网7上的夹持件11的数量和分布选择应当根据振膜2的张力、振幅以及振膜2到极板的间距来确定。夹持件11设置过密，会大幅降低振膜2的振幅，导致低频变差；而两个相邻夹持件11之间间距过大时，二者之间的振膜2振幅超过振膜2和极板间距，导致振膜2工作时拍极板。因此，金属编织网7上任意两个夹持件11间的间距，以及任意一个夹持件11到刚性框架的距离均不小于2cm。
除上述改进之外，本实施例中静电扬声器结构还包括防尘罩，该防尘罩包括围合成一密闭空腔的均匀的薄膜12，振膜3和两块极板均位于所述密闭空腔内。在具体的实施例中，薄膜12粘附在刚性框架8上，并由刚性框架8支撑，而刚性框架8和振膜框架3紧密贴合密封，由此构成一个封闭空间。
优选的，薄膜12为厚度介于50-1000微米之间的弹性膜，其张力不超过振膜2张力的1/10。进一步优选的，薄膜12的张力不超过振膜的张力的1/30。由此，薄膜12处于张拉状态，但张力至少比振膜2的张力小一个数量级，同时具有较好的延展性。由图5可知，人耳敏感区域集中在500Hz-5KHz之间。当振膜2振动时，虽然振膜2两侧空腔容积迅速改变，但薄膜12处于缓慢的扩张/收缩状态，极大的降低了振动频率。规避了人耳敏感的音染。
另外，为保护静电扬声器的振膜2，静电扬声器还可以设置保护网13，保护网13为固定在刚性框架8外侧的金属编织网。
需要注意的是，以上内容是结合具体的实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施方式仅限于此，在上述实施例的指导下，本领域技术人员可以在上述实施例的基础上进行各种改进和变形，而这些改进或者变形落在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种静电扬声器结构,包括被张紧的振膜以及开孔的两块极板,所述的两块极板上都形成有导电的电极层，其特征在于：所述极板包括一金属编织网和一环状的刚性框架；所述金属编织网的周缘被固定于所述刚性框架上并保持张紧状态，所述金属编织网与信号线电连接；所述的两块极板位于振膜两侧并沿振膜镜像对称。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种静电扬声器结构，其特征在于：所述金属编织网朝向振膜的内侧固定设有至少一个绝缘的夹持件，两个极板上的该些夹持件一一对应并夹持所述振膜，使振膜在静止状态下为平面。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种静电扬声器结构，其特征在于：所述金属编织网上夹持件数量不少于两个，所述极板上任意两个弹性垫间的间距，以及任意一个弹性垫到刚性框架的距离均不小于2cm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种静电扬声器结构，其特征在于：所述金属编制网的开孔率介于30-70％之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种静电扬声器结构，其特征在于：所述金属编制网的开孔率介于35-65％之间。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种静电扬声器结构，其特征在于：所述金属编织网的线径不超过0.10mm，目数不低于100目。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种静电扬声器结构，其特征在于：所述刚性框架由环氧玻璃布层压板构成。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种静电扬声器结构，其特征在于：所述刚性框架为金属框架，所述金属框架具有绝缘层。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的一种静电扬声器结构，其特征在于：所述刚性框架内侧之内缘镀有首尾相接呈封闭环状的金属导电环，所述金属编织网周缘以电性连接的方式固定于金属导电环上。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的一种静电扬声器结构，其特征在于：所述金属框架材料选自高阻尼合金或铝合金中的一种。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的一种静电扬声器结构，其特征在于：所述静电扬声器结构还包括防尘罩，该防尘罩包括围合成一密闭空腔的均匀的薄膜，所述振膜和两块极板均位于所述密闭空腔内。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的一种静电扬声器结构，其特征在于：所述薄膜为厚度介于50-1000微米之间的弹性膜，所述防尘罩上对应振膜位置处的薄膜的张力不超过所述振膜的张力的1/10。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的一种静电扬声器结构，其特征在于：所述防尘罩上对应振膜位置处的薄膜的张力不超过所述振膜的张力的1/30。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的一种静电扬声器结构，其特征在于：所述薄膜粘附在所述刚性框架上，并由所述刚性框架支撑。
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