WO2018121107A1 - 一种矿用防爆梯形密闭墙及其构筑方法 - Google Patents

一种矿用防爆梯形密闭墙及其构筑方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018121107A1
WO2018121107A1 PCT/CN2017/110694 CN2017110694W WO2018121107A1 WO 2018121107 A1 WO2018121107 A1 WO 2018121107A1 CN 2017110694 W CN2017110694 W CN 2017110694W WO 2018121107 A1 WO2018121107 A1 WO 2018121107A1
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Prior art keywords
sealing
wall
pipe
filling
anchor net
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PCT/CN2017/110694
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
戚绪尧
张立斌
辛海会
李启中
王德明
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中国矿业大学
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Priority to AU2017388776A priority Critical patent/AU2017388776B2/en
Publication of WO2018121107A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018121107A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/103—Dams, e.g. for ventilation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor

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  • the invention relates to a mine explosion-proof trapezoidal sealing wall and a construction method thereof, and is suitable for a mine with a large closed gas wall or a mine with a relatively large amount of gas emission when a thermal power disaster such as an explosion or a fire in a roadway occurs.
  • coal plays an extremely important role in human production and life.
  • coal is threatened by various natural disasters during mining, storage, transportation and application, which seriously affects the safe production and utilization of coal.
  • Mine fire is one of the main forms of disasters. It will burn a large amount of coal resources and equipment, generate a lot of high-temperature flue gas and harmful gases, endanger the safety of underground workers, and cause gas and coal dust explosions in serious cases. Big disaster. After a fire in a coal mine, if it is not possible to directly extinguish the fire, the fire zone must be closed.
  • the airbag/filling air bag has high requirements and cannot be processed in advance, and the limitation is relatively large, which is not suitable for the emergency construction in the case of disaster;
  • the complicated cross section of the roadway there are often sharp objects with angular edges, which may easily lead to air leakage of the airbag/filled airbag used, which is a safety hazard, and is difficult to resist thermal shock disasters such as shock waves, and the service period is limited.
  • the filling type of the closed wall is generally formed by using steel plates, wood boards or masonry materials to construct the inner and outer walls to form a cavity, and then filling the cavity with the material to be filled to form a closed wall.
  • steel plates, wood boards or bricks for internal and external wall construction
  • the inner and outer walls formed by the use of wood boards are likely to leave safety hazards due to their flammability, and the use of steel plates or bricks to construct internal and external walls is expensive. It is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the filling material used in the early stage has a long solidification time and cannot meet the needs of emergency construction.
  • the existing closed wall and its construction method have the need of complicated transportation of raw materials, high cost, time and labor, unable to meet emergency or construction quality, and can not meet the needs of long-term airtightness, which cannot meet the needs of high-efficiency emergency rescue during the period of mine major thermal power disaster. .
  • the present invention provides a mine explosion-proof trapezoidal sealing wall and a construction method thereof.
  • the mine explosion-proof trapezoidal sealing wall has a top and a bottom end of a roadway roof and a bottom plate respectively, and a roadway wall on both sides; and a grouting hole, a metal anchor net, a sealing cloth, a filling body, a wire, a component such as a filling pipe, a sealing valve, a drain pipe, an expansion bolt, etc.;
  • the metal anchor net is arranged on the surrounding rock by an expansion bolt, and the two metal anchor nets are connected to each other by a wire;
  • a sealing cloth is arranged inside the metal anchor net, and the metal anchor net and the sealing cloth are connected by a wire;
  • the filling body material is injected into the cavity formed by the sealing cloth and the surrounding rock through the grouting hole, and the sealed wall body is formed after filling; the grouting hole is formed;
  • the grouting pipe is connected to the filling device;
  • the fireproof material pouring pipe penetrating the wall is reserved in the middle of the closed wall, and the drain pipe penetrating
  • the grouting pipe is connected with an external filling device, and the filling device is connected with the grouting pipe through the feeding pipe; the raw material slurry forming the filling body is injected into the sealed cavity through the filling device. .
  • the filler body material comprises a material composed of sulphoaluminate cement and a composite retarding dispersing agent, and a material composed of lime, gypsum and composite quick-setting admixture, two The mixture is mixed in proportion and solidified to form a filling body.
  • the mine explosion-proof trapezoidal sealing wall according to the present invention has a trapezoidal shape along a longitudinal section of the roadway, an outer side end of which is an inclined step surface, and an inner side surface which is a right angle surface.
  • the width of the bottom of the ladder-shaped closed wall is 0.5 to 1.5 m, and the width of the lower bottom is 1.5 to 2 times of the upper bottom, which is determined according to the size of the roadway section.
  • the mine explosion-proof trapezoidal sealing wall according to the invention is used for fixing the anchor net and the sealing cloth, and the distance between each expansion bolt is 30-50 cm, and the optional specifications are M16, M18, M20, M22, M24. Etc., and the length is 250 ⁇ 350mm.
  • the method for constructing the mine explosion-proof trapezoidal sealing wall according to the present invention has the following steps:
  • the mine explosion-proof trapezoidal sealing wall and the construction method thereof provide the filling area boundary by using the mining metal anchor net and the sealing cloth, thereby overcoming the shortage of the safety stability of the wooden building cavity, and adopting the steel plate or the masonry.
  • the construction of the cavity is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the use of the capsule raw material is difficult, vulnerable, and the service period is insufficient.
  • the raw materials used are common items in coal mines, which are convenient to obtain and low in cost.
  • the mine explosion-proof trapezoidal sealing wall and the construction method thereof are provided, and the side surface of the mine explosion-proof trapezoidal sealing wall formed by the invention is a right-angled ladder shape, and the inner side of the sealing wall is a right angle shape, which fully utilizes the advantage of the trapezoidal section wall with strong impact resistance. , further improving the explosion-proof capability of the closed wall.
  • the mine explosion-proof trapezoidal sealing wall and the construction method thereof provided by the invention, the filling and conveying process provided by the invention The medium is fluid, which is more convenient to transport and transport than traditional masonry, steel, wood and other materials, and the filling body formed after mixing has strong impact resistance and cushioning effect, and the explosion-proof effect is better.
  • the mine explosion-proof trapezoidal sealing wall and the construction method thereof are provided by the invention, and the cavity is formed by the hanging net method during the construction process, thereby avoiding the construction of the inner and outer walls, the construction time is short, and the efficiency is high.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of the present invention for rapidly forming a closed wall in a mine well
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the arrangement of an anchor net and an expansion bolt for constructing a sealing wall according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a side view showing the structure of Figure 1A-A;
  • Figure 4 is a side elevational view showing the cross-sectional structure of the filling and mixing device B-B of Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of a closed wall
  • a mine trapezoidal explosion-proof closed wall which is suitable for the rapid construction of closed walls during the thermal disaster of coal mines. It mainly comprises a grouting hole 4, a metal anchor net 5, a sealing cloth 9, a filling body 10, a wire 11, a filling pipe 12, a sealing valve 13, a drain pipe 14, and an expansion bolt 17.
  • the metal anchor net 5 is an anchor net used in the mine support, which is convenient to take.
  • the metal anchor net 5 is fixed to the surrounding rock 3 by expansion bolts 17, and is connected with the wire 11 to ensure its stability. Wherein, the distance between each expansion bolt is 30 to 50 cm.
  • the sealing cloth 9 inside the metal anchor net is a flame-retardant cloth, and is connected with the anchor wire 5 by the wire 11 to prevent the slurry from flowing out through the mesh of the metal anchor net 5.
  • the filling body 10 is a quick-setting slurry and has high strength.
  • the quick-setting sizing slurry is composed of two basic materials of I and II.
  • the I material is composed of sulphoaluminate cement and composite retarding dispersing agent
  • the second material is composed of other auxiliary materials such as lime, gypsum and composite quick-setting admixture.
  • the two basic materials are fluids for easy transport. At the same time, it is necessary to add a coagulant.
  • the infusion tube 12 is used to inject a fireproof material such as mud, foam, or inert gas into the enclosed area.
  • a drain pipe 14 is arranged at the lower end of the sealing wall to release water accumulated in the confined space in time.
  • the side of the closed wall is trapezoidal in shape, and the explosion-proof effect is better.
  • the width of the bottom of the ladder-shaped closed wall is 0.5 to 1.5 m, and the width of the lower bottom is 1.5 to 2 times of the upper bottom, which is determined according to the size of the roadway section.
  • the expansion bolt 17 is used to fix the anchor net and the sealing cloth.
  • the optional specifications are M16, M18, M20, M22, M24, etc., and the length is 250-350mm.
  • the construction method of the mine explosion-proof trapezoidal sealing wall is mainly composed of a filling device 6, a valve 7, a grouting pipe 8, a flow meter 15, a feeding pipe 16, a mixer 18, a grouting pump 19 and the like.
  • the construction steps are divided into four parts: the preparation stage, the feeding stage, the filling stage and the ending stage.
  • Preparation stage the anchor net 5 and the sealing cloth 9 are trimmed according to the shape and size of the roadway section, and the length and width of the anchor net 5 and the sealing cloth 9 are both about 0.8 to 1 m longer than the roadway, and the excess part is used for fixing by the expansion bolt 17.
  • Anchor net 5 and sealing cloth 9. The anchor net 5 and the sealing cloth 9 which have been cut according to the roadway specifications are connected and fixed by the wire 11 to form a whole. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 5, a grouting hole 4 is formed in an upper center of the outer anchor net 5 and the outer sealing cloth 9 near the top plate 1, and the diameter is 8 to 12 cm, and the grouting pipe 8 is connected to the filling body.
  • an opening is formed at an approximate center position of the inner and outer anchor nets 5 and the middle portion of the sealing cloth 9, respectively, having a diameter of 10 to 15 cm for arranging the grouting pipe 12; the inner and outer anchor nets 5 and the bottom of the sealing cloth 9 Near The center-like positions are respectively opened with orifices having a diameter of 8 to 12 cm for arranging the drain line 14.
  • a mining metal anchor net 5 is arranged on both inner and outer sides of the area to be filled, and is fixed by an expansion bolt 17. The two anchor nets are connected by the wire 11 at the corresponding corner positions to prevent the anchor net 5 from being displaced during the filling process.
  • the iron pipe is placed in the middle of the inner and outer anchor nets as the fire-proof material filling pipe 12, and the length of the iron pipe is 50-100 cm larger than the distance between the two holes, and the outer end of the pipe is controlled by a valve. Closed; through the two holes reserved at the bottom of the inner and outer anchor nets, the iron pipe is placed as the drain pipe 14, the length of the iron pipe is 50-100 cm larger than the distance between the two holes, and the outer end of the pipe is controlled to open and close by a valve;
  • the grouting pipe 8 is connected to the grouting hole 4 and fixed by a wire.
  • Feeding stage The pre-conditioned I and II basic materials are charged into the filling device 6, and the I and II feed flow ratios are controlled by the valves 7-2, 7-3 and the flow meter 15 to be 1:1.
  • the filling device 6 is activated, the material in the filling device 6 is stirred to be evenly mixed, and then the filling area is filled.
  • the valve 7-1 is appropriately adjusted to control the slurry inflow speed until it is closed. In order to prevent the filling material from condensing in the filling device, the feeding and filling should be carried out simultaneously.
  • End stage After filling, it is necessary to clean the filling equipment in time to prevent plugging of the filling equipment. After 15 to 20 minutes of filling, the condensed state of the filling body 10 is sensed by a hard material such as a stone or an expansion bolt. After the condensed state of the filling body 10 is good, the external anchor net 5 and the sealing cloth 9 can be detached if necessary. Recycle or remain intact.
  • the invention relates to a method for constructing a mine explosion-proof trapezoidal sealing wall, wherein the filling device 6 is a mixing and grouting integrated grouting machine, and there are a mixer and a grouting pump at the front end with I and II feeding inlets, and the feeding port is connected with the feeding port.
  • the tube diameter is 8 to 12 cm.
  • a valve 7-1 is present at the front end of the grouting pipe 8 for controlling the inflow speed of the slurry.
  • the front feed tube 16 is used to prepare a quick setting slurry. And the feed pipe 16 is provided near the filling device 6 to provide valves 7-2, 7-3 and a flow meter 15 for controlling the material injection speed.
  • the perfusion tube 12 and the drain line 14 can be set as needed or not, and if the condition is critical, the perfusion tube 12 and the drain line 14 need not be provided.
  • the invention relates to a mine explosion-proof trapezoidal sealing wall, wherein the filling device is a mixing and pouring integrated grouting machine, and the filling device has two feeding ports at the front end, and a mixer and a grouting pump are arranged inside. And after the filling device, there is a valve at the front end of the grouting pipe to control the inflow speed of the slurry.
  • the filling time can be adjusted according to the water content and the amount of coagulant added.
  • the filling and drain lines can be set as needed or not, and if the condition is critical, the filling and drain lines are not required.

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Abstract

一种矿用防爆梯形密闭墙及其构筑方法，适用于巷道发生爆炸、火灾等热动力灾害时来不及构筑传统密闭墙的情况或者瓦斯涌出量比较大的矿井。顶端与底端分别为巷道顶板(1)与底板(2)，两侧为巷道壁；金属锚网(5)通过膨胀螺栓(17)布置在围岩上，两片金属锚网(5)通过铁丝(11)相互连接；金属锚网(5)内侧设置密封布(9)，金属锚网(5)与密封布(9)之间通过铁丝(11)连接；通过注浆孔(4)向其密封布(9)和围岩形成的腔体内注入充填体(10)材料，填充后形成密闭墙体；注浆孔(4)通过注浆管(8)与充填装置(6)相连；密闭墙体中部预留贯穿墙体的防灭火材料灌注管(12)，底部预留贯穿墙体的排水管(14)。

Description

一种矿用防爆梯形密闭墙及其构筑方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种矿用防爆梯形密闭墙及其构筑方法，适用于巷道发生爆炸、火灾等热动力灾害时来不及构筑传统密闭墙的情况或者瓦斯涌出量比较大的矿井。
背景技术
煤炭作为当今世界的主要能源之一，在人类生产和生活中发挥了极为重要的作用。然而，煤炭在开采、储运和应用过程中面临各种自然灾害的威胁，严重影响了煤炭的安全生产和利用。矿井火灾是其中的主要灾害形式之一，会烧毁大量的煤炭资源和设备，产生大量高温烟气和有害气体，危及井下工作人员的生命安全，严重者还会引发瓦斯、煤尘爆炸，造成更大的灾难。煤矿发生火灾后，如不能直接灭火时，必须对火区进行封闭。
目前传统的密闭墙大多采用黄土、砖、水泥等材料构筑而成，构筑1m3该类密闭墙需要400块砖，0.3m3水泥，由于密闭墙是由砖块和水泥、沙子等材料衔接而成，因而强度较差，容易漏风，而且工人劳动强度高、工程量大、施工期长、效率低下，直接影响了煤矿灾变救援效率。近年来，一些研究人员从构筑材料、施工方法、密闭墙附属物等角度开展了研究，主要包括气囊/充填气袋密闭墙和充填式密闭墙。其中，气囊/充填气袋密闭墙施工过程简单快速，只需将气囊/充填气袋放到待密闭区域然后启动压风系统即可，但主要构筑原材料并非井下常备物资，构筑之前均需要根据巷道断面不同设置不同大小的气袋/囊体，而巷道断面复杂多样，因此对气囊/充填气袋工艺要求较高，且不能提前加工，局限性比较大，不适于灾变情况下紧急构筑的需要；此外，由于巷道断面复杂，往往存在一些带棱角的尖锐物，容易导致所用气囊/充填气袋漏气，因而存在安全隐患，且难以抵抗冲击波等热动力灾害冲击，服务周期受限。充填式密闭墙的实现方式一般为先采用钢板、木板或砖石等材料构筑内外墙形成腔体，然后再向腔体中灌注材料进行充填后最终形成密闭墙。实施过程中，由于内外墙构筑需要使用钢板、木板或砖块较多，使用木板所构成的内外墙体由于其易燃性容易留下安全隐患，而使用钢板或砖块构筑内外墙体花费大且耗时耗力，且前期采用的充填体原材料凝固时间较长，无法满足紧急构筑的需要。综上，现有密闭墙及其构筑方法存在原材料运输复杂、成本高、耗时费力、无法应急或构筑质量难以满足长时间密闭的需要，无法满足矿井重大热动力灾害灾变时期高效应急救援的需要。
发明内容
针对上述不足，本发明提供了一种矿用防爆梯形密闭墙及其构筑方法。
本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明所述的一种矿用防爆梯形密闭墙，其顶端与底端分别为巷道顶板与底板，两侧为巷道壁；还包括注浆孔、金属锚网、密封布、充填体、铁丝、灌注管、密封阀、排水管、膨胀螺栓等元件；所述的金属锚网通过膨胀螺栓布置在围岩上，两片金属锚网通过铁丝相互连接； 金属锚网内侧设置密封布，金属锚网与密封布之间通过铁丝连接；通过注浆孔向其密封布和围岩形成的腔体内注入充填体材料，填充后形成密闭墙体；注浆孔通过注浆管与充填装置相连；密闭墙体中部预留贯穿墙体的防灭火材料灌注管，底部预留贯穿墙体的排水管。
本发明所述的矿用防爆梯形密闭墙，所述的注浆管与外部充填装置相连，充填装置通过进料管与注浆管相连；形成充填体的原料浆体通过充填装置注入密闭腔体内。
本发明所述的矿用防爆梯形密闭墙，所述的充填体原料包括由硫铝酸盐水泥、复合缓凝分散剂组成的I料与石灰、石膏及复合速凝剂组成的II料，两者按比例混合后凝固形成充填体。
本发明所述的矿用防爆梯形密闭墙，所述的密闭墙体沿巷道纵向切面呈梯形，其外侧端为斜梯面，内侧面为直角面。且梯形状密闭墙上底宽度为0.5～1.5m，下底宽度为上底的1.5～2倍，具体根据巷道断面大小而定。
本发明所述的矿用防爆梯形密闭墙，所述的膨胀螺栓用来固定锚网和密封布，各膨胀螺栓之间距离为30～50cm，可选规格有M16、M18、M20、M22、M24等，且长度为250～350mm。
本发明所述的矿用防爆梯形密闭墙的构筑方法，步骤如下：
1)根据巷道断面形状、大小修剪锚网和密封布，然后用铁丝将密封布和锚网边角对应位置连接起来。同时，在外侧锚网和密封布的上部近似中心位置开设注浆孔，用来进行充填体原料浆液的注入；在内外侧锚网和密封布中部近似中心位置分别开设孔口，用来布置防灭火材料灌注管；在内外锚网和密封布底部近似中心位置分别开设孔口，用来布置排水管路；
2)在围岩上固定锚网和密封布，使用膨胀螺栓先固定内侧锚网和密封布，然后固定外侧锚网和密封布。固定过程中须保证两块密封布均处于锚网内侧，靠近待充填区域一侧；
3)通过内外侧锚网中部预留的两个孔口放入铁管作为防灭火材料灌注管，管外端通过阀门控制启闭；通过内外侧锚网底部预留的两个孔口放入铁管作为排水管，管外端通过阀门控制启闭；
4)准备充填原料，制备形成充填体所需的I料浆液与II料浆液；
5)将配置好的的充填体原料浆液I料与II料注入充填装置内混合均匀后，再通过注浆孔注入密封布内，I料与II料浆液的混合比例为1∶1；直到密封布腔体内充实；
6)对充实后的密封布腔体进行检测，测试充实程度；
7)填充体进行静置凝固后，完成墙体构筑。
有益效果
本发明提供的矿用防爆梯形密闭墙及其构筑方法，通过使用矿用金属锚网、密封布来做充填区域边界，克服了采用木板构筑腔体安全性稳定性差的不足，采用钢板或砖石构筑腔体耗时费力的不足，和采用囊体原材料获取困难、易损坏、服务周期段的不足，且所用原材料为煤矿井下常用物品，获取方便、成本低。
本发明提供的矿用防爆梯形密闭墙及其构筑方法，构筑形成的矿用防爆梯形密闭墙侧面为直角梯形状，密闭墙内侧为直角状，充分利用了梯形截面墙体抗冲击力强的优点，进一步提高了密闭墙的防爆能力。
本发明提供的矿用防爆梯形密闭墙及其构筑方法，本发明提供的充填料输送过程 中均为流体状，比传统砖石、钢板、木板等材料的搬运输送更加方便，且混合后形成的充填体具有很强的耐冲击性和缓冲性，防爆效果更好。
本发明提供的矿用防爆梯形密闭墙及其构筑方法，构筑过程中采用挂网方法形成腔体，避免了内外墙的构筑，构筑时间短，效率高。
附图说明
图1为本发明在矿井井下快速形成密闭墙主视图；
图2为本发明的构筑密闭墙所用锚网和膨胀螺栓布置方式立体图；
图3为图1A-A剖面结构侧视图；
图4为图3中充填混料装置B-B剖面结构侧视图。
图5为密闭墙的立体结构示意图；
具体实施方式
下面以拱形断面巷道为例，结合附图对本发明进一步详细说明：
如图所示：一种矿用梯形防爆密闭墙，适用于煤矿井下热动力灾害灾变时期密闭墙的快速构建。其主要包括注浆孔4，金属锚网5，密封布9，充填体10，铁丝11，灌注管12，密封阀13，排水管路14，膨胀螺栓17。
金属锚网5为矿井支护所用锚网，取材方便。金属锚网5用膨胀螺栓17固定在围岩3上，同时用铁丝11连为一体，以保证其稳定性。其中，各膨胀螺栓之间距离为30～50cm。
金属锚网内部的密封布9为阻燃布料，且用铁丝11和锚网5连接，防止浆液通过金属锚网5网格外流。
充填体10为速凝浆体，强度较高。速凝浆体由I、II两种基本材料混合而成，I料由硫铝酸盐水泥、复合缓凝分散剂组成，II料由其他辅料如石灰、石膏及复合速凝剂组成。两种基本材料为流体，便于输送。同时，还需要添加凝结剂。
灌注管12是用来向封闭区域注入泥浆、泡沫、惰性气体等防灭火材料。密闭墙下端设有排水管14，可及时释放密闭空间内积水。密闭墙侧面为梯形状，防爆效果更好。且梯形状密闭墙上底宽度为0.5～1.5m，下底宽度为上底的1.5～2倍，具体根据巷道断面大小而定。
膨胀螺栓17用来固定锚网和密封布，可选规格有M16、M18、M20、M22、M24等，且长度为250～350mm。
矿用防爆梯形密闭墙的构筑方法，其主要由充填装置6，阀门7，注浆管8，流量计15，进料管16，搅拌机18、注浆泵19等设备组成。
其施工步骤分为4个部分：准备阶段，进料阶段，充填阶段以及结束阶段。
准备阶段：根据巷道断面形状、大小修剪锚网5和密封布9，且锚网5和密封布9的长宽均比巷道长宽大约0.8～1m，多出的部分用来通过膨胀螺栓17固定锚网5和密封布9。根据巷道规格裁剪完毕的锚网5和密封布9采用铁丝11连接固定形成整体。如附图1和图5所示，在外侧锚网5以及外侧密封布9中上部靠近顶板1的近似中心位置开设注浆孔4，直径为8～12cm，连接注浆管8用于充填体混合浆液的灌注；在内外侧锚网5和密封布9中部的近似中心位置分别开设孔口，直径为10～15cm，用来布置注浆管12；在内外锚网5和密封布9底部的近 似中心位置分别开设孔口，直径为8～12cm，用来布置排水管路14。在所要充填区域内外两侧布置矿用金属锚网5，并用膨胀螺栓17使其固定。用铁丝11将两块锚网对应边角位置连接，防止充填过程锚网5发生位移。最后，通过内外侧锚网中部预留的两个孔口放入铁管作为防灭火材料灌注管12，铁管长度比两个孔口之间距离大50～100cm，管外端通过阀门控制启闭；通过内外侧锚网底部预留的两个孔口放入铁管作为排水管14，铁管长度比两个孔口之间距离大50～100cm，管外端通过阀门控制启闭；将注浆管8接到注浆孔4上，并用铁丝固定。
进料阶段：将预先调制好的I、II基本材料充入充填装置6中，同时通过阀门7-2、7-3以及流量计15控制I、II进料流量比为1∶1。
充填阶段：启动充填装置6，对充填装置6中材料进行搅拌使其混合均匀，然后对待充填区域进行充填。待充填体10即将触及顶板1时，适当调节阀门7-1控制浆体流入速度直至关闭。为了防止充填材料在充填装置中凝结，应做到进料与充填同时进行。
结束阶段：充填完毕后要及时对充填设备等进行清洗，以防堵塞充填设备。充填完毕15～20分钟后，通过石头、膨胀螺栓等硬度较大物质来感知充填体10的凝结状态，待充填体10凝结状态良好后，如需要可以将外部锚网5及密封布9卸下回收利用或保持原状。
一种矿用防爆梯形密闭墙的构筑方法，其中所述充填装置6为搅灌一体注浆机，内部有搅拌机及注浆泵前端有I、II两进料口，进料口所连接进料管直径为8～12cm。且充填装置6后，注浆管8前端存在阀门7-1，用来控制浆液的流入速度。
前端进料管16用于制备速凝浆体。且进料管16靠近充填装置6端设置阀门7-2、7-3和流量计15用来控制材料注入速度。灌注管12和排水管路14可根据需要与否进行设置，如若状况比较危急则可不必设灌注管12和排水管路14。
本发明为一种矿用防爆梯形密闭墙，其中所述充填装置为搅灌一体注浆机，充填装置前端有两进料口，内部有搅拌机及注浆泵。且充填装置后注浆管前端存在阀门，用来控制浆液的流入速度。其充填时间可根据含水量和凝结剂添加量进行调节。灌注管和排水管路可根据需要与否进行设置，如若状况比较危急则可不必设灌注管和排水管路。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种矿用防爆梯形密闭墙，其顶端与底端分别为巷道顶板与底板，两侧为巷道壁；其特征在于：还包括注浆孔、金属锚网、密封布、充填体、铁丝、灌注管、密封阀、排水管、膨胀螺栓；所述的金属锚网通过膨胀螺栓布置在围岩上，两片金属锚网通过铁丝相互连接；金属锚网内侧设置密封布，金属锚网与密封布之间通过铁丝连接；通过注浆孔向其密封布和围岩形成的腔体内注入充填体材料，填充后形成密闭墙体；注浆孔通过注浆管与充填装置相连；密闭墙体中部预留贯穿墙体的防灭火材料灌注管，底部预留贯穿墙体的排水管。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的矿用防爆梯形密闭墙，其特征在于：所述的注浆管与外部充填装置相连，充填装置通过进料管与注浆管相连；形成充填体的原料浆体通过充填装置注入密闭腔体内。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的矿用防爆梯形密闭墙，其特征在于：所述的充填体原料包括由硫铝酸盐水泥、复合缓凝分散剂组成的I料与石灰、石膏及复合速凝剂组成的II料，两者按比例混合后凝固形成充填体。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的矿用防爆梯形密闭墙，其特征在于：所述的密闭墙体沿巷道纵向切面呈梯形，其外侧端为斜梯面，内侧面为直角面。
  5. 根据上述权利要求1-4任意一项所述的矿用防爆梯形密闭墙的构筑方法，其特征在于构筑步骤如下：
    1)根据巷道断面形状、大小修剪锚网和密封布，然后用铁丝将密封布和锚网边角处对应位置连接起来。同时，在外侧锚网和密封布的上部近似中心位置开设注浆孔，用来进行充填体原料浆液的注入；在内外侧锚网和密封布中部近似中心位置分别开设孔口，用来布置防灭火材料灌注管；在内外锚网和密封布底部近似中心位置分别开设孔口，用来布置排水管路；
    2)在围岩上固定锚网和密封布，使用膨胀螺栓先固定内侧锚网和密封布，然后固定外侧锚网和密封布。固定过程中须保证两块密封布均处于锚网内侧，靠近待充填区域一侧；
    3)通过内外侧锚网中部预留的两个孔口放入铁管作为防灭火材料灌注管，管外端通过阀门控制启闭；通过内外侧锚网底部预留的两个孔口放入铁管作为排水管，管外端通过阀门控制启闭；
    4)准备充填原料，制备形成充填体所需的I料浆液与II料浆液；
    5)将配置好的的充填体原料浆液I料与II料注入充填装置内混合均匀后，再通过注浆孔注入密封布内，I料与II料浆液的混合比例为1∶1；直到密封布腔体内充实；
    6)对充实后的密封布腔体进行检测，测试充实程度；
    7)填充体进行静置凝固后，完成墙体构筑。
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