WO2018120057A1 - 基于区块链的货币管理方法和系统 - Google Patents

基于区块链的货币管理方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018120057A1
WO2018120057A1 PCT/CN2016/113591 CN2016113591W WO2018120057A1 WO 2018120057 A1 WO2018120057 A1 WO 2018120057A1 CN 2016113591 W CN2016113591 W CN 2016113591W WO 2018120057 A1 WO2018120057 A1 WO 2018120057A1
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account
node
transfer transaction
blockchain
joint
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PCT/CN2016/113591
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王健
王海
谢辉
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深圳前海达闼云端智能科技有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/113591 priority Critical patent/WO2018120057A1/zh
Priority to CN201680003220.7A priority patent/CN107077675A/zh
Publication of WO2018120057A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018120057A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/382Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
    • G06Q20/3825Use of electronic signatures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/04Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of money management technologies, and in particular, to a blockchain based currency management method and system.
  • Blockchain technology is a distributed, uncentered, and untrusted network data consensus storage technology. Based on a unique block generation mechanism such as PoW (Proof of Work) or PoS (Proof of Stake), P2P (Point to Point) network communication mechanism, and distributed computing Synchronization issues.
  • PoW Proof of Work
  • PoS Proof of Stake
  • P2P Point to Point
  • distributed computing Synchronization issues In the digital goods ratio such as Bitcoin, it has been widely used as a book (Public Ledger), successfully solving the anonymity, security, non-repudiation, traceability, double flower (double) of digital currency. Spending) and a series of questions.
  • Bitcoin In the blockchain application, Bitcoin is used as an example.
  • the currency issuance method is part of a protocol, as its agreement stipulates that the total amount of money is online (for example, the upper limit specified in the Bitcoin protocol is about 27 million bits).
  • (coin) stipulates that the production of Bitcoin can only be achieved through mining (mining incentives), so its coin/money distribution rights are part of the agreement, and no participant has the right to issue currency.
  • the value of the currency is reflected in the exchange (the trading institution of Bitcoin), but in the current related technology, the function of the exchange is only the exchange of Bitcoin with other currencies, and the exchange has no other management authority of the currency.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a blockchain-based currency management method and system for solving the problem that the existing blockchain technology cannot support other management rights except currency conversion.
  • a first aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a blockchain-based currency management method, the method comprising:
  • the first node initiates, in the blockchain, a first transfer transaction for transferring money from the first account to the second account through the first account, the first transfer transaction including a preset first transfer to the first account Transacting a digital signature of one or more designated accounts having currency management rights;
  • the currency management authority includes at least one of a distribution authority, a supervision authority, and a transfer authority of the currency;
  • the miner node in the blockchain network deposits the first transfer transaction into the blockchain.
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure provides a blockchain-based currency management system, the system comprising: a blockchain network and a blockchain, the blockchain network including a first node, a designated node, and Miner node, where:
  • the currency management authority including at least one of a distribution authority of the currency, a regulatory authority, and a transfer authority;
  • the designated node in the blockchain network is configured to determine that the first transfer transaction passes verification when determining that the digital signature of the transfer transaction includes a digital signature of the one or more specified accounts;
  • the miner node in the blockchain network is configured to deposit the first transfer transaction into the blockchain when the first transfer transaction passes verification.
  • the monetary management authority includes at least one of a distribution right, a supervision right, and a transfer right, when a first node initiates in the blockchain through the first account.
  • the first transfer transaction of the currency is transferred from the first account to the second account
  • the first transfer transaction needs to be digitally signed by one or more designated accounts having money management authority for the first transfer transaction, so when the block
  • the designated node in the chain network determines that the digital signature of the first transfer transaction includes the digital signature of the one or more specified accounts, the first transfer transaction can be verified, and the miner node in the blockchain network will be the first
  • the transfer transaction is deposited in the blockchain to complete the transfer of currency from the first account to the second account. It provides a management mechanism based on blockchain-based digital currency, which can solve the problem that the existing blockchain technology cannot support other management rights except currency conversion, and can realize multiple rights of currency in the blockchain network. Management.
  • 1 is a diagram showing a relationship between accounts of different rights, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a blockchain based currency management method, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of another blockchain based currency management method, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of another blockchain based currency management method, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of another blockchain-based currency management method according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart of another blockchain based currency management method, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart of another blockchain based currency management method, according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart of another blockchain based currency management method, according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart of another blockchain based currency management method, according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a structural diagram of a blockchain-based money management system according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a blockchain-based currency management apparatus according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram of another blockchain based currency management method apparatus according to an embodiment.
  • the blockchain is introduced first, and the blockchain is participated by all the nodes in the blockchain network.
  • a decentralized distributed database system maintained by a series of cryptographically generated data blocks, each of which is a block in the blockchain. According to the order of the generation time, the blocks are linked together in an orderly manner to form a data chain, which is aptly called a blockchain.
  • a node in a blockchain network may be referred to as a blockchain node, wherein the blockchain network is based on a P2P (Peer to Peer) network, and each P2P network node participating in the transaction and block storage, verification, and forwarding is Is a node in a blockchain network.
  • P2P Peer to Peer
  • the user identity in the blockchain can be represented by a public key or an account address generated based on the public key, and the public key and the private key appear in pairs, wherein the private key is mastered by the user and not posted to the blockchain described above.
  • the public key or the above account address can be freely posted in the blockchain network.
  • the public key can be the above account address through a specific hash and encoding. It is worth mentioning that there is no one-to-one correspondence between user identity and blockchain nodes. Users can use their own private key on any blockchain node.
  • each node participating in the calculation has the same authority (decentralized, no trust), including transactions, calculation blocks (commonly known as mining, ie mining) And other core functions.
  • the transaction representative will be written into the block data, and the block (Block) adopts a specific generation mechanism to ensure that the longest chain (the longest chain contains the most relevant blocks) is the effective chain.
  • the data of the transaction usually includes a certain attribute or currency, such as the digital signature of the transaction owner (ie, the owner's private key encrypts the transaction, usually called digital signature), the account address of the transaction recipient Etc., after the transaction passes the verification of the owner's digital signature and is written into the block, the ownership of the currency is transferred to the recipient.
  • the process of writing blocks to the data of the blockchain is performed by the blockchain node by writing a transaction to the blockchain network to write data to the blockchain.
  • the transaction includes: the blockchain node performs a digital signature on the generated transaction data packet according to a preset transaction data format, and uses the private key of the blockchain node to perform the digital signature on the transaction data packet, and the digital signature is used to prove the The identity of the user of the blockchain node.
  • the transaction is then recorded by the “miners” in the blockchain network (ie, the blockchain nodes that perform the PoW consensus competition mechanism) into the new blocks generated in the blockchain, and the transaction is posted to the blockchain network.
  • the transaction is verified by other blockchain nodes (other nodes can obtain the public key of the blockchain node from the transaction generated by the blockchain node, and according to the blockchain node
  • the key verifies the digital signature described above, and in addition to verifying the digital signature, it can verify whether the transaction data packet is a specified data structure. After receiving and accepting, the transaction is written into the blockchain.
  • the new block in the blockchain is implemented by the above-mentioned “miners” to implement the PoW consensus competition mechanism (this mechanism can be understood as: each “miner” according to the preset technical requirements of the block, for example, according to the preset random number requirement To jointly calculate the random number, which "miner” first calculates the random number that meets the random number requirement, and the block produced by the "miner” is periodically generated as the new block, so the time interval for generating the new block is usually Related to the above-mentioned preset technical requirements, the time interval at which the blockchain generates a new block can be changed by setting different preset technical requirements.
  • the above process may be employed in the process of initiating a transfer transaction into a blockchain.
  • the application scenario involved in various embodiments of the present disclosure may be a blockchain-based currency management system, which is based on a blockchain and may include at least: a blockchain network and a blockchain, wherein the blockchain network
  • the nodes are pre-configured with different currency management permissions to play different roles.
  • these currency management permissions may include:
  • Administration Manage the permissions of other nodes, which is the highest authority, and is responsible for setting, canceling, or suspending the permissions of other nodes. Issuing: The authority to issue currency, and the node to which the distribution right is granted has the right to issue currency. Regulatory authority: The right to regulate the process of currency transfer (such as transfers between joint accounts), the multi-party signature of participating in currency issuance and transfer, and the validity of issuance and transfer. Transaction: The right to issue a transfer transaction, usually with the transfer rights of the user or financial institution. Mining permission: Has the right to synchronize the blockchain and generate the block. Synchronization: Has the right to synchronize the blockchain.
  • each of the above-mentioned rights is usually implemented by different nodes using different accounts.
  • these accounts can be respectively set to:
  • Admin Account The management account responsible for the establishment of the blockchain and the permissions or roles of each node, that is, the highest privilege account.
  • Issuer Account The issuer has the right to issue and transfer, and can issue additional currency or recycle currency. The issuer is the only currency issuer in the chain without considering the mining award.
  • Regulation Account An account used by a financial regulator. It usually has synchronization rights and is a participant in a joint account, but usually does not have transfer rights and management rights for security reasons.
  • Organization Account That is, an account used by a financial institution usually only has a transfer authority, and is generally used as a transaction participant of a joint account.
  • User Account Usually only has transfer rights, generally as a participant in a joint account.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a relationship between accounts of different rights according to an embodiment. The relationship between an issue account, a recycle account, an institutional account, a joint account, a user account, and a supervisor account may be as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the joint account 1 in Figure 1 is jointly established by the institutional account 1, the user account 1 and the supervisory account
  • the joint account 2 is jointly established by the institutional account 2, the user account 2 and the supervisory account, between the institutional account and the joint account.
  • a transfer transaction can be made between the joint account and the joint account, and the issue account can be transferred to the recovery account.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a blockchain-based currency management method according to an embodiment. Referring to FIG. 2, the method may include the following steps.
  • Step 101 The first node initiates, in the blockchain, a first transfer transaction for transferring money from the first account to the second account by using the first account, where the first transfer transaction includes a preset currency management for the first transfer transaction.
  • the first account may be any one of the above-mentioned issuing account, institutional account, and joint account.
  • the issuing account has the right to issue and transfer, and usually only can transfer transactions with the institutional account or the recycling account. In addition, the money can be recovered, but the transfer transaction cannot be directly carried out with the joint account;
  • the institutional account has the transfer permission, Transfer transactions with joint accounts, other institutional accounts, currency exchange accounts; joint accounts have transfer rights, and can transfer transactions with other joint accounts or institutional accounts.
  • Step 102 When the designated node in the blockchain network determines that the digital signature of the first transfer transaction includes the digital signature of the one or more specified accounts, it is determined that the first transfer transaction passes the verification.
  • the designated node in the blockchain network refers to a node in the blockchain network capable of verifying transactions issued by any node, and these designated nodes may be all nodes in the blockchain network, It can be a pre-specified part of the node.
  • Step 103 When the first transfer transaction passes verification, the miner node in the blockchain network stores the first transfer transaction in the blockchain.
  • the first account in step 101 is a currency issuance account
  • the second account is a first institution account of the first financial institution
  • the corresponding one or more designated accounts include Issuing accounts and regulatory accounts of financial regulators.
  • step 101 may include: the first node initiates, in the blockchain, a first transfer transaction transferred from the issue account to the first institution account through the issue account, where the first transfer transaction includes an address of the issue account , the address of the first institutional account, the amount of currency issuance, and the digital signature of the issuing account and the digital signature of the regulatory account.
  • the issuing account may be, for example, an account used by the central bank, and the first financial institution may be a bank participating in the issuance of the currency.
  • the current total amount of money in the blockchain becomes the sum of the total amount of the original currency and the amount of the currency issuance, wherein the total amount of the original currency is The total amount of money in the blockchain before a transfer transaction is deposited in the blockchain.
  • the issuance of money is usually generated through the mining reward mechanism, that is, rewarding the new block generated by the miner node.
  • the maximum amount of money specified in the Bitcoin Agreement is approximately 27 million Bitcoins, and the amount of mining awards generated each time a new block is generated is stipulated by the agreement.
  • the way to reward it is to write the first transaction in the new block generated by the miner node, which contains the amount awarded to the miner node. Therefore, it can be understood that in the conventional blockchain technology, a transaction in which a currency is issued can be written only once in a new block, and the amount of money issued per transaction is a value specified by the agreement.
  • the issuing account since the issuing account has the authority to issue money in advance in the agreement, the issuing account can initiate any time at any time according to actual needs.
  • the number of transactions for issuing currency, and the amount of money issued in the transaction of the issued currency each time can be arbitrarily set according to actual needs. Therefore, in the present technical solution, in addition to the mining bonus, the transaction for issuing money written in one block may be one or more, or may be zero.
  • the first account in step 101 is still a currency issuance account
  • the second account is a currency recovery account
  • the corresponding one or more designated accounts are the issuance account and the Regulatory account.
  • step 101 may include: the first node initiates, in the blockchain, a first transfer transaction transferred from the issue account to the recycle account through the issue account, where the first transfer transaction includes the issue account The address, the address of the recycling account, the amount of currency recovery, and the digital signature of the issuing account and the digital signature of the regulatory account.
  • the recovery account since the recovery account is a non-private key account, the currency transferred into its account cannot be transferred out again, and can be regarded as destroyed. Therefore, the issuing account will regard the currency transferred into the recovery account as the currency. Recycling.
  • the current total amount of money in the blockchain becomes the difference between the total amount of the original currency and the amount of money recovered. That is, the current total amount of money in the blockchain is reduced.
  • the first account in step 101 is the first joint account of the first user
  • the second account is the second joint account of the second user, corresponding to the one or
  • the plurality of designated accounts includes the first joint account, the second institutional account of the second financial institution corresponding to the first joint account, and the supervisory account of the financial regulatory institution;
  • step 101 may include: the first node initiates, in the blockchain, a first transfer transaction transferred from the first joint account to the second joint account by using the first joint account, where the first transfer transaction includes The address of the first joint account, the address of the second joint account, the transfer amount, and the digital signature of the first joint account, the digital signature of the second institution account, and the digital signature of the supervisor account.
  • a joint account is an account jointly established by users, financial institutions, and financial regulators. It can be regarded as an account opened by a user in a financial institution (bank).
  • the account is jointly supervised by financial institutions and financial regulatory agencies, and financial institutions and The financial regulator participates in each transfer of the joint account by way of digital signature of the transfer transaction initiated by the joint account.
  • the first account in step 101 is the first use.
  • a first joint account of the household the second account is a currency exchange account
  • the corresponding one or more designated accounts include a first joint account, a second institutional account of a second financial institution corresponding to the first joint account, and the supervision Account
  • step 101 may include: the first node initiates, in the blockchain, a first transfer transaction transferred from the first joint account to the currency exchange account by using the first joint account, where the first transfer transaction includes the address of the first joint account , the address of the currency exchange account, the exchange amount, the target currency to be redeemed, the information of the out-of-chain account corresponding to the first joint account, the digital signature of the first joint account, the digital signature of the second institution account, and the number of the supervised account signature.
  • the above currency exchange refers to the exchange from the currency in the blockchain (such as bitcoin) to the currency outside the blockchain (ie real currency, such as RMB, USD, etc.), the currency exchange account can be regarded as a special kind. Recycling account.
  • the method may further include:
  • Step 104 The second node corresponding to the currency exchange account determines the target amount after converting the current currency into the target currency according to the exchange rate between the current currency and the target currency.
  • Step 105 The second node performs a payment operation to the out-of-chain account according to the target currency and the target amount.
  • the first account in step 101 is the first joint account of the first user, and the two accounts are accounts of the smart contract for deposit, corresponding to the one or more
  • the designated account includes a first joint account, a second institutional account of a second financial institution corresponding to the first joint account, and the supervisory account.
  • step 101 may include: the first node initiates, in the blockchain, a first transfer transaction from the first joint account to the account of the smart contract through the first joint account, the first transfer account includes the first joint account The address, the address of the smart contract, the deposit amount, and the digital signature of the first joint account, the digital signature of the second institutional account, and the digital signature of the regulatory account.
  • the first transfer transaction may further include an interface of the smart contract that needs to be invoked in the deposit transaction.
  • the manual requires that one or more different functions be agreed in a smart contract, and the corresponding functions may be respectively invoked. Interface to achieve the required functionality.
  • the third institution account, deposit time, deposit method, interest rate, and the like of the third financial institution that has deposited the deposit may be pre-agreed in an interface of the smart contract.
  • the method may further include:
  • Step 106 The designated node in the blockchain network transfers the amount of the first joint account to the account of the smart contract into the third by executing the smart contract according to the address of the third institution account of the third financial institution agreed in the smart contract. Institutional account.
  • the first transfer transaction is written into the blockchain, and the specified node in the blockchain network is broadcasted to the blockchain network because the first transfer transaction is written into the blockchain network.
  • Ethereum Take Ethereum as an example.
  • each node in the blockchain network can synchronize the data in the blockchain to the node. It can be understood as the general ledger in the blockchain. The synchronization is in the local state of the node, so that when the first transfer transaction is written into the blockchain, the designated nodes in the blockchain network can obtain the first joint account according to the smart contract to be called by the first transfer transaction.
  • the target account to be transferred that is, the third institution account, and the amount of deposit, etc., and then each node can perform the corresponding modification on the locally synchronized ledger to complete the transfer of the amount of the first joint account into the smart contract account.
  • the following describes the method for the user to withdraw money.
  • the user receives the deposit and interest automatically returned by the financial institution through the smart contract. As shown in FIG. 5, the following steps may be included:
  • Step 107 When the deposit of the first joint account transferred to the third institution account reaches the deadline agreed by the smart contract, the second node using the third institution account determines the storage time and the storage interest rate agreed in the smart contract by calling the smart contract. The interest corresponding to the amount of the deposit.
  • the second node herein may be the same node or the second node in the other application scenarios in the foregoing application, where the second node is only used to limit the second node to be different from the first node. Node.
  • Step 108 The second node initiates a second transfer transaction from the third institution account to the account of the smart contract in the blockchain through the third institution account, where the second transfer transaction includes the address of the third institution account and the address of the smart contract , the amount returned, and the digital signature of the third institution account.
  • the amount of return is equal to the sum of the amount of deposit and interest.
  • Step 109 When the designated node in the blockchain network determines that the digital signature of the second transfer transaction includes the digital signature of the third institution account, it is determined that the second transfer transaction passes the verification.
  • Step 110 When the second transfer transaction passes the verification, the miner node in the blockchain network deposits the second transfer transaction into the blockchain.
  • Step 111 The designated node in the blockchain network transfers the refund amount of the account transferred from the third institution account to the smart contract to the first joint account by executing the smart contract according to the address of the first joint account agreed in the smart contract.
  • step 111 For the implementation method of step 111, refer to the method for executing the smart contract described in step 106, and details are not described herein.
  • the user actively withdraws deposits and interest from the financial institution before the deposit expires, as shown in FIG. 6, which may include the following steps:
  • Step 112 The first node initiates a third transfer transaction in the blockchain through the first joint account to withdraw funds from the third institution account through the smart contract.
  • Step 113 The third transfer transaction includes an address of the first joint account, an address of the smart contract, a withdrawal amount, a digital signature of the first joint account, a digital signature of the second institution account, and a digital signature of the supervisory account.
  • Step 114 When the designated node in the blockchain network determines that the digital signature of the third transfer transaction includes the digital signature of the first joint account, the digital signature of the second institution account, and the digital signature of the supervisory account, determining the third transfer transaction approved.
  • Step 115 When it is determined that the third transfer transaction passes verification, the miner node in the blockchain network deposits the third transfer transaction into the blockchain.
  • Step 116 The second node determines the interest corresponding to the withdrawal amount according to the deposit time of the first joint account and the storage interest rate specified in the smart contract by calling the smart contract.
  • Step 117 The second node initiates a fourth transfer transaction from the third institution account to the account of the smart contract in the blockchain through the third institution account, where the fourth transfer transaction includes the address of the third institution account and the address of the smart contract , the amount returned, and the digital signature of the third institution account.
  • the amount of return is equal to the sum of the withdrawal amount and interest.
  • Step 118 When the designated node in the blockchain network determines that the digital signature of the fourth transfer transaction includes the digital signature of the third institution account, determining that the fourth transfer transaction passes the verification;
  • Step 119 When it is determined that the fourth transfer transaction passes verification, the miner node in the blockchain network deposits the fourth transfer transaction into the blockchain;
  • Step 120 The designated node in the blockchain network transfers the refund amount of the account transferred from the third institution account to the smart contract to the first joint account by executing the smart contract according to the address of the first joint account agreed in the smart contract.
  • the first account in step 101 is a fourth institution account of the fourth financial institution
  • the second account is an account of a smart contract for the loan
  • the one or more designated accounts include a fourth institutional account.
  • step 101 may include: the first node initiates, in the blockchain, a first transfer transaction from the fourth institution account to the account of the smart contract through the fourth institution account, where the first transfer transaction includes the address of the fourth institution account , the address of the smart contract, the amount of the loan issued, and the digital signature of the account of the fourth institution.
  • the method may further include:
  • Step 121 The designated node in the blockchain network transfers the amount of the account of the fourth institution account to the smart contract into the first joint name by executing the smart contract according to the address of the first joint account of the first user agreed in the smart contract. Account.
  • step 121 For the implementation method of step 121, refer to the method for executing the smart contract described in step 106, and details are not described herein.
  • the following describes the method for repaying the user.
  • the user repays the loan to the financial institution of the loan through the smart contract.
  • the following steps may be included:
  • Step 122 When the repayment time agreed by the smart contract is reached, the second node using the first joint account determines the repayment amount according to the agreed loan amount and interest rate in the smart contract by calling the smart contract.
  • the user may deposit the money to be used for repayment in the first joint account opened by the user, and the second node may periodically call the smart contract to determine whether the repayment time is reached, and when the repayment time is reached, the execution is performed.
  • This step 122 It should be noted that the second node herein may be the same node as the second node in the other application scenarios in the foregoing, or may be different nodes, where the second node is only used to define a node different from the first node. .
  • Step 123 The second node initiates a second transfer transaction from the first joint account to the account of the smart contract in the blockchain by using the first joint account, where the second transfer transaction includes the address of the first joint account and the address of the smart contract. , the amount of the loan repayment, and the digital signature of the first joint account, the first joint name The digital signature of the second institutional account of the second financial institution corresponding to the account, and the digital signature of the regulatory account.
  • Step 124 When the designated node in the blockchain network determines that the digital signature of the second transfer transaction includes the digital signature of the first joint account, the digital signature of the second institution account, and the digital signature of the supervisor account, determine the second transfer The transaction was verified.
  • Step 125 When it is determined that the second transfer transaction passes the verification, the miner node in the blockchain network deposits the second transfer transaction into the blockchain.
  • Step 126 The designated node in the blockchain network transfers the repayment amount of the account of the first joint account transferred to the smart contract to the fourth institution account by executing the smart contract according to the address of the fourth institution account agreed in the smart contract.
  • step 126 For the implementation method of step 126, refer to the method for executing the smart contract described in step 106, and details are not described herein.
  • the method may include:
  • step 127 the first node obtains the repayment time stipulated in the smart contract by calling the smart contract.
  • Step 128 When the time difference that the current time exceeds the repayment time is greater than the preset first time threshold, the first node notifies the third node that uses the second institution account of the message that the first joint account is overdue.
  • the first node notifies the third node that uses the second institution account that the information can be notified by the out-of-chain, for example, the first node sends a message that the first joint account is overdue due to the third node via the Internet.
  • Step 129 when the third node receives the transaction initiated in the blockchain by the first joint account again, the third node refuses to use the second institution account to digitally sign the transaction initiated in the blockchain by the first joint account.
  • the funds of the guarantee account of the first joint account may also be frozen or debited.
  • the first account in the step 101 is a currency issuance account
  • the second account is a fifth institution of the fifth financial institution, corresponding to the one or more
  • the designated account is the issuing account.
  • the method may further include:
  • step 130 the first node obtains the current balance of the fifth institution account.
  • the balance of each financial institution may be monitored by a smart contract for setting a reserve, and the first node may obtain the balance of each financial institution by calling the smart contract, or the first node may pass through the blockchain.
  • the recorded general ledger calculates the balance of each financial institution.
  • Step 131 The first node calculates the first reserve amount corresponding to the current balance according to the reserve ratio agreed in the smart contract by calling the smart contract for setting the reserve, and is issued according to the reserve amount and the fifth institution account.
  • the reserve amount deposited in the account is used to calculate the reserve balance.
  • the reserve is equal to the balance of the financial institution multiplied by the reserve ratio.
  • the reserve balance refers to the amount of the account in which the financial institution currently has an issuance account (central bank) exceeds the amount it should store, that is, the financial institution is issuing.
  • the reserve for the account is much more and needs to be returned to the financial institution in accordance with its reserve balance.
  • step 101 may include: the first node initiates, in the blockchain, a first transfer transaction by the issuing account to the fifth institution account by issuing the account, where the first transfer transaction includes the address of the issuing account and the fifth institution account. The address, the amount of the reserve balance, and the digital signature of the issuing account.
  • the financial institution has insufficient reserves in the issuing account.
  • the reserve difference is calculated.
  • the first node needs to notify the financial institution.
  • the notification manner may be a manner in which the notification message is sent out of the chain, for example, the first node sends a message to the second node using the fifth institution account via the Internet to replenish the reserve, or may be manually notified, and the like.
  • the second node herein may be the same node as the second node in the other application scenarios in the foregoing, or may be different nodes, where the second node is only used to define a node different from the first node. .
  • the financial settlement/clearing agency can act as a miner node and play a mine.
  • the role of the worker, the proceeds can be reflected by the mining incentives or the transaction fee specified in the agreement.
  • miners are the most fundamental guarantee for blockchain security, miners need to follow the principle of distributed and non-centralized, avoiding the mastery of most miners or computing power by a single institution or group.
  • the above method provides a blockchain-based digital currency management mechanism, which can solve the problem that the existing blockchain technology cannot support other management rights except currency conversion, and can implement the blockchain network. Management of multiple permissions in the currency.
  • FIG. 10 is a structural diagram of a blockchain-based money management system according to an embodiment.
  • the system may include: a blockchain network and a blockchain, and the blockchain network includes a first node. 1.
  • Designate node 2 (specified node 2 can be each node in the blockchain or a specified part of the node) and miner node 3, where:
  • the currency management authority includes at least one of a distribution authority of the currency, a supervisory authority, and a transfer authority;
  • the designated node 2 in the blockchain network is configured to determine that the first transfer transaction passes verification when it is determined that the digital signature of the transfer transaction includes the digital signature of the one or more specified accounts;
  • the miner node 3 in the blockchain network is used to store the first transfer transaction in the blockchain when the first transfer transaction is verified.
  • the first account is a currency issuance account
  • the second account is a first institution account of the first financial institution
  • the one or more designated accounts are a issuance account and a supervision account
  • the first node 1 is configured to: initiate, by the issuing account, a first transfer transaction in the blockchain from the issuing account to the first institution account, where the first transfer transaction includes the address of the issuing account, the address of the first institutional account, and the currency The issue amount and the digital signature of the issue account and the digital signature of the regulatory account.
  • the current total amount of money in the blockchain becomes the sum of the total amount of the original currency and the amount of the currency issuance, wherein the total amount of the original currency is The total amount of money in the blockchain before a transfer transaction is deposited in the blockchain.
  • the first account is a currency issuance account
  • the second account is a currency recovery account
  • the one or more designated accounts are a issuance account and a supervision account
  • the first node 1 is configured to: initiate, by the issuing account, a first transfer transaction for transferring money from the issuing account to the recycling account in the blockchain, where the first transfer transaction includes the address of the issuing account, the address of the recycling account, the amount of money recovery, and the issuance The digital signature of the account and the digital signature of the regulatory account.
  • the current total amount of money in the blockchain becomes the difference between the total amount of the original currency and the amount of money recovered, wherein the total amount of the original currency is deposited in the first transfer transaction.
  • the first account is the first joint account of the first user
  • the second account is the second joint account of the second user
  • the one or more designated accounts include the first account.
  • the first node 1 is configured to: initiate, by the first node, a first transfer transaction in the blockchain by the first joint account to transfer the first joint account to the second joint account, where the first transfer transaction includes the address of the first joint account The address of the second joint account, the amount of the transfer, and the digital signature of the first joint account, the digital signature of the second institution account, and the digital signature of the supervisory account.
  • the first account is the first joint account of the first user
  • the second account is a currency exchange account
  • the one or more designated accounts include the first joint account and the first joint account.
  • the first node 1 is configured to: initiate, by the first joint account, a first transfer transaction transferred from the first joint account to the currency exchange account in the blockchain, where the first transfer transaction includes the address of the first joint account, the currency exchange account The address, the exchange amount, the target currency to be redeemed, the information of the out-of-chain account corresponding to the first joint account, the digital signature of the first joint account, the digital signature of the second institution account, and the digital signature of the supervisory account.
  • the system further includes: a second node 4 corresponding to the currency exchange account; it should be noted that the second node herein may be the same node or a different node in the other application scenarios in the foregoing application.
  • the second node is only used to define a node that is different from the first node.
  • the second node 4 is configured to determine, according to an exchange rate between the current currency and the target currency, a target amount after converting the current currency into the target currency according to the converted amount;
  • the second node 4 is further configured to perform a payment operation to the out-of-chain account according to the target currency and the target amount.
  • a wisdom for deposit is stored in the blockchain.
  • the contract the first account is the first joint account of the first user, the second account is the account of the smart contract, and the one or more designated accounts include the first joint account, and the second financial institution corresponding to the first joint account
  • the first node 1 is configured to: initiate, by the first account, a first transfer transaction from the first account to the account of the smart contract in the blockchain, where the first transfer transaction includes the address of the first joint account, the address of the smart contract, The deposit amount, as well as the digital signature of the first joint account, the digital signature of the second institutional account, and the digital signature of the regulatory account.
  • the designated node 3 in the blockchain network is further configured to transfer the first joint account to the account of the smart contract by executing the smart contract according to the address of the third institution account of the third financial institution agreed in the smart contract. The amount is transferred to the third institution account.
  • the system further includes: a second node 5 that uses the third institution account; it should be noted that the second node herein may be the same node or the second node in other application scenarios in the foregoing application, or may be different. A node, where the second node is only used to define a node that is different from the first node.
  • the second node 5 is configured to determine, when the deposit of the first joint account transferred to the third institution account reaches the deadline agreed by the smart contract, by calling the smart contract to determine the amount corresponding to the deposit according to the storage time and the storage interest rate agreed in the smart contract. interest;
  • the second node 5 is further configured to initiate, in the blockchain, a second transfer transaction from the third institution account to the account of the smart contract through the third institution account, where the second transfer transaction includes the address of the third institution account, the smart contract The address, the refund amount, and the digital signature of the third institution account; wherein the refund amount is equal to the sum of the amount of the deposit and the interest;
  • the designated node in the blockchain network is further configured to determine that the second transfer transaction passes verification when determining that the digital signature of the second transfer transaction includes the digital signature of the third institution account;
  • the miner node in the blockchain network is also used to store the second transfer transaction in the blockchain when the second transfer transaction passes verification;
  • the designated node in the blockchain network is also used to transfer the refund amount of the account transferred from the third institution account to the smart contract to the first joint account by executing the smart contract according to the address of the first joint account agreed in the smart contract.
  • the first node 1 is further configured to: initiate, by the first joint account, a third transfer transaction that is withdrawn from the third institution account by the smart contract in the blockchain, where the third transfer transaction includes the first joint name The address of the account, the address of the smart contract, the withdrawal amount, and the digital signature of the first joint account, the digital signature of the second institution account, and the digital signature of the supervisory account;
  • the designated node 2 in the blockchain network is further configured to determine the third transfer when determining that the digital signature of the third transfer transaction includes the digital signature of the first joint account, the digital signature of the second institutional account, and the digital signature of the supervisory account The transaction is verified;
  • the miner node 3 in the blockchain network is further configured to store the third transfer transaction in the blockchain when it is determined that the third transfer transaction passes verification;
  • the second node 5 is further configured to determine the interest corresponding to the withdrawal amount according to the deposit time of the first joint account and the storage interest rate specified in the smart contract by calling the smart contract;
  • the second node 5 is further configured to initiate, in the blockchain, a fourth transfer transaction from the third institution account to the account of the smart contract through the third institution account, the fourth transfer transaction including the address of the third institution account, the smart contract The address, the refund amount, and the digital signature of the third institution account; wherein the refund amount is equal to the sum of the withdrawal amount and the interest;
  • the designated node 2 in the blockchain network is further configured to determine that the fourth transfer transaction passes verification when determining that the digital signature of the fourth transfer transaction includes the digital signature of the third institution account;
  • the miner node 3 in the blockchain network is further configured to store the fourth transfer transaction in the blockchain when it is determined that the fourth transfer transaction passes verification;
  • the designated node 2 in the blockchain network is also used to transfer the refund amount of the account transferred from the third institution account to the smart contract to the first joint account by executing the smart contract according to the address of the first joint account agreed in the smart contract.
  • the first account is a fourth institutional account of the fourth financial institution
  • the second account is an account of a smart contract for the loan, the one or more designated accounts including Fourth institutional account
  • the first node 1 is configured to: the first node initiates, in the blockchain, a first transfer transaction from the fourth institution account to the account of the smart contract through the fourth institution account, where the first transfer transaction includes the address of the fourth institution account, The address of the smart contract, the amount of the loan issued, and the digital signature of the account of the fourth institution.
  • the designated node 2 in the blockchain network is further used to transfer the amount of the fourth institution account to the account of the smart contract by executing the smart contract according to the address of the first joint account of the first user agreed in the smart contract. Transfer to the first joint account.
  • the system further includes: a second node 6 that uses the first joint account; it should be noted that the second node herein may be the same node as the second node in the other application scenarios in the foregoing, or may be different. A node, where the second node is only used to define a node that is different from the first node.
  • the second node 6 is configured to determine the repayment amount of the loan according to the agreed loan amount and the interest rate in the smart contract by calling the smart contract when the repayment time agreed upon by the smart contract is reached;
  • the second node 6 is further configured to initiate, in the blockchain, a second transfer transaction from the first joint account to the account of the smart contract by the first joint account, where the second transfer transaction includes the address of the first joint account, the smart contract The address, the loan repayment amount, and the digital signature of the first joint account, the digital signature of the second institution account of the second financial institution corresponding to the first joint account, and the digital signature of the supervisory account;
  • the designated node 2 in the blockchain network is further configured to determine the second when determining that the digital signature of the second transfer transaction includes a digital signature of the first joint account, a digital signature of the second institutional account, and a digital signature of the regulatory account The transfer transaction is verified;
  • the miner node 3 in the blockchain network is further configured to store the second transfer transaction in the blockchain when it is determined that the second transfer transaction passes verification;
  • the designated node 2 in the blockchain network is also used to transfer the repayment amount of the account of the first joint account to the smart contract account to the fourth institutional account by executing the smart contract according to the address of the fourth institution account agreed in the smart contract. .
  • system further includes: a third node 7 that uses the second institution account;
  • the first node 1 is also used to obtain the agreed repayment time in the smart contract by calling the smart contract;
  • the first node When the time difference that the current time exceeds the repayment time is greater than the preset first time threshold, the first node notifies the third node 7 that the first joint account is overdue;
  • the third node 7 is configured to, when receiving again the transaction initiated in the blockchain by the first joint account, the third node refuses to digitally sign the transaction initiated in the blockchain by the second affiliate account using the second affiliate account. .
  • the first account is a currency issuance account
  • the second account is a fifth institution account of the fifth financial institution
  • the one or more designated accounts are issuance accounts
  • the first node 1 Before the first node 1 initiates a first transfer transaction in the blockchain from the first account to the second account by the first account, the first node is further configured to obtain the current balance of the fifth institution account;
  • the first node 1 is further configured to calculate the first reserve amount corresponding to the current balance according to the reserve ratio agreed in the smart contract by calling the smart contract for setting the reserve, and according to the reserve amount and the fifth institution account Calculate the reserve balance by the second reserve amount deposited in the issuance account;
  • the first node 1 is further configured to: initiate, by the issuing account, a first transfer transaction in the blockchain from the issuing account to the fifth institution account, where the first transfer transaction includes an address of the issuing account, an address of the fifth institution account, The amount of the reserve balance and the digital signature of the issuing account.
  • the second node (4, 5 or 6) and the third node 7 in this embodiment are not illustrated in the figure, and the second node (4, 5 or 6) and the third node 7 may be the above blockchain. Any other node in the network except the first node.
  • the above system provides a blockchain-based digital currency management mechanism, which can solve the problem that the existing blockchain technology cannot support other management rights except currency conversion, and can realize the blockchain network. Management of multiple permissions in the currency.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a blockchain-based money management apparatus according to an embodiment.
  • the apparatus 1100 may be a terminal device, and may be used as any node in the blockchain network to perform the above-mentioned block-based block.
  • the currency management method of the chain as shown in FIG. 11, the apparatus 1100 may include a processor 1101, a memory 1102, a multimedia component 1103, an input/output (I/O) interface 1104, and a communication component 1105.
  • the processor 1101 is configured to control the overall operation of the apparatus 1100 to complete all or part of the steps of the blockchain-based money management method described above.
  • Memory 1102 is used to store various types of data to support operations at the device 1100, such as may include instructions for any application or method operating on the device 1100, as well as application related data, such as Contact data, sent and received messages, pictures, audio, video, and more.
  • the memory 1102 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage terminal device or a combination thereof, such as a static random access memory (SRAM), an electrically erasable programmable read only memory.
  • SRAM static random access memory
  • the multimedia component 1103 can include a screen and an audio component.
  • the screen may be, for example, a touch screen, and the audio component is used to output and/or input an audio signal.
  • the audio component can include a microphone for receiving an external audio signal.
  • the received audio signal may be further stored in memory 1102 or transmitted via communication component 1105.
  • the audio component also includes at least one speaker for outputting an audio signal.
  • the I/O interface 1104 provides an interface between the processor 1101 and other interface modules.
  • the other interface modules may be keyboards, mice, buttons, and the like. These buttons can be virtual buttons or physical buttons.
  • the communication component 1105 is used for wired or wireless communication between the device 1100 and other terminal devices. Wireless communication, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), 2G, 3G or 4G, or a combination of one or more of them, so the corresponding communication component 1105 can include: Wi-Fi module, Bluetooth module, NFC module.
  • the device 1100 may be configured by one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), and digital signal processing terminals (Digital).
  • ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • DSPs Digital Signal Processors
  • Digital Digital
  • DSPD Signal Processing Device
  • PLD Programmable Logic Device
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • controller microcontroller, microprocessor or other electronic components Implemented to perform the above-described blockchain-based currency management method.
  • non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions, such as a memory 1102 comprising instructions executable by processor 1101 of apparatus 1100 to perform the above-described block-based The currency management method of the chain.
  • the non-transitory computer readable storage medium may be a ROM, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, and an optical data storage terminal device.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram of another blockchain-based currency management method apparatus according to an embodiment.
  • the apparatus 1200 may be a server, which may be used as any node in the blockchain network to perform the foregoing A blockchain currency management method, a server cluster consisting of several servers, or a cloud computing service center.
  • the apparatus 1200 includes a processor 1201, a memory 1202, an I/O interface 1203, and a network interface 1204, where the storage
  • the processor 1202 can be configured to store instructions executable by the processor 1201, and the processor 1202 can execute the instructions to perform the blockchain-based currency management method described above. Additionally, the apparatus 1200 can operate based on an operating system stored in the memory 1202, including but not limited to Windows ServerTM, Mac OS XTM, UnixTM, LinuxTM, FreeBSDTM, and the like.

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Abstract

一种基于区块链的货币管理方法和系统,该方法包括:第一节点通过第一账户在区块链中发起由第一账户向第二账户转移货币的第一转账交易,第一转账交易包含预先设置的对第一转账交易具有货币管理权限的一个或多个指定账户的数字签名;货币管理权限包括货币的发行权限、监管权限、转账权限中的至少一者(101);当区块链网络中的指定节点确定转账交易的数字签名包含该一个或多个指定账户的数字签名时,确定第一转账交易通过验证(102);当第一转账交易通过验证时,区块链网络中的矿工节点将第一转账交易存入区块链中(103)。所述方法和系统能够实现区块链网络中的货币的多种权限的管理。

Description

基于区块链的货币管理方法和系统 技术领域
本公开涉及货币管理技术领域,尤其涉及一种基于区块链的货币管理方法和系统。
背景技术
区块链(Blockchain)技术是一种分布式、无中心、无信任的网络数据共识存储技术。基于独特的区块(Block)生成机制如PoW(Proof of Work,工作量证明)或PoS(Proof of Stake,权益证明)、P2P(Point to Point,点对点)网络通信机制、实现了分布式计算的同步性问题。在如比特币(Bitcoin)等数字货比中,作为账本(Public Ledger),得到了广泛的应用,成功解决了数字货币的匿名性、安全性、不可抵赖性、可追溯性、双花(double spending)等一系列问题。
在区块链应用中,以比特币(Bitcoin)为例,其货币发行方式是协议(protocol)的一部分,如其协议规定了货币总量上线(如比特币协议中规定的上限是约2700万比特币),规定了比特币的产生仅能通过挖矿(产生新区块)奖励(mining incentive)实现,因此其铸币权/货币发行权是协议的一部分,任何参与者均无发行货币的权利,比特币的价值通过交易所(比特币的交易机构)体现,但是在目前的相关技术中交易所的功能仅在于比特币与其它货币的兑换,该交易所亦无货币的其他管理权限。
发明内容
本公开的目的是提供一种基于区块链的货币管理方法和系统,用于解决现有的区块链技术中除了货币兑换外不能支持其他管理权限的问题。
为了实现上述目的,本公开实施例的第一方面,提供一种基于区块链的货币管理方法,所述方法包括:
第一节点通过第一账户在区块链中发起由所述第一账户向第二账户转移货币的第一转账交易,所述第一转账交易包含预先设置的对所述第一转账 交易具有货币管理权限的一个或多个指定账户的数字签名;所述货币管理权限包括货币的发行权限、监管权限、转账权限中的至少一者;
当区块链网络中的指定节点确定所述转账交易的数字签名包含所述一个或多个指定账户的数字签名时,确定所述第一转账交易通过验证;
当所述第一转账交易通过验证时,所述区块链网络中的矿工节点将所述第一转账交易存入所述区块链中。
本公开实施例的第二方面,提供一种基于区块链的货币管理系统,所述系统包括:区块链网络和区块链,所述区块链网络中包括第一节点、指定节点以及矿工节点,其中:
所述区块链网络中的通过第一账户在区块链中发起由所述第一账户向第二账户转移货币的第一转账交易,所述第一转账交易包含预先设置的对所述第一转账交易具有货币管理权限的一个或多个指定账户的数字签名;所述货币管理权限包括货币的发行权限、监管权限、转账权限中的至少一者;
所述区块链网络中的指定节点用于当确定所述转账交易的数字签名包含所述一个或多个指定账户的数字签名时,确定所述第一转账交易通过验证;
所述区块链网络中的矿工节点用于,当所述第一转账交易通过验证时,将所述第一转账交易存入所述区块链中。
通过上述技术方案,通过预先设置具有货币管理权限的指定账户,该货币管理权限包括发行权、监管权、转账权中的至少一者,当有第一节点通过第一账户在区块链中发起由第一账户向第二账户转移货币的第一转账交易时,该第一转账交易中需要由对该第一转账交易具有货币管理权限的一个或多个指定账户的数字签名,因此当区块链网络中的指定节点确定该第一转账交易的数字签名包含该一个或多个指定账户的数字签名时,该第一转账交易才可以通过验证,区块链网络中的矿工节点才将第一转账交易存入区块链中,从而完成由第一账户向第二账户的转移货币。提供了一种基于区块链的数字货币的管理机制,能够解决现有的区块链技术中除了货币兑换外不能支持其他管理权限的问题,能够实现区块链网络中的货币的多种权限的管理。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本公开的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本公开,但并不构成对本公开的限制。在附图中:
图1是根据一实施例示出的一种不同权限的账户之间的关系图;
图2是根据一实施例示出的一种基于区块链的货币管理方法的流程图;
图3是根据一实施例示出的另一种基于区块链的货币管理方法的流程图;
图4是根据一实施例示出的另一种基于区块链的货币管理方法的流程图;
图5是根据一实施例示出的另一种基于区块链的货币管理方法的流程图;
图6是根据一实施例示出的另一种基于区块链的货币管理方法的流程图;
图7是根据一实施例示出的另一种基于区块链的货币管理方法的流程图;
图8是根据一实施例示出的另一种基于区块链的货币管理方法的流程图;
图9是根据一实施例示出的另一种基于区块链的货币管理方法的流程图;
图10是根据一实施例示出的一种基于区块链的货币管理系统的结构图;
图11是根据一实施例提供的一种基于区块链的货币管理装置的框图;
图12是根据一实施例提供的另一种基于区块链的货币管理方法装置的框图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本公开,并不用于限制本公开。
首先,在对本公开提供的一种基于区块链的货币管理方法和系统进行说明之前,先对区块链进行介绍,区块链是由区块链网络中所有节点共同参与 维护的去中心化分布式数据库系统,它是由一系列基于密码学方法产生的数据块组成,每个数据块即为区块链中的一个区块。根据产生时间的先后顺序,区块被有序地链接在一起,形成一个数据链条,被形象地称为区块链(Blockchain)。下面对区块链网络的一些概念进行介绍。
区块链网络中的节点可以称为区块链节点,其中区块链网络基于P2P(Peer to Peer,对等网络)网络,每个参与交易和区块存储、验证、转发的P2P网络节点都是一个区块链网络中的节点。
区块链中的用户身份可以使用公钥或者是根据该公钥生成的账户地址表示,并且公钥和私钥是成对出现的,其中私钥由用户掌握而不发布到上述的区块链网络中,公钥或者上述的账户地址可随意发布在区块链网络中。其中,公钥可以通过特定的哈希和编码后成为上述的账户地址。值得一提的是,用户身份和区块链节点不存在一一对应关系,用户可以在任意一个区块链节点上使用自己的私钥。
通常意义上,在区块链的形成过程中,每一个参与计算的节点均享有相同的权限(去中心、无信任),其中包括交易(Transaction),计算区块(俗称挖矿,即mining)等核心功能。其中,交易代表将被写入区块的数据,而区块(Block)则采用特定生成机制,保证最长的链(最长的链包含最多前后关联的区块)为有效链。在交易的数据中,通常包括了一定属性或货币,比如交易拥有者的数字签名(即拥有者的私钥对其交易进行加密处理,通常意义上称为数字签名),交易接受者的账户地址等,在该交易通过了对拥有者数字签名的验证,并被写入区块后,即将该货币的所有权转移到接受者一方。
关于区块链的数据写入区块的过程,是由区块链节点通过向区块链网络发布交易(Transaction)实现向区块链写入数据。该交易包括:区块链节点按照预设的交易数据格式对生成的交易数据包,以及利用该区块链节点自己的私钥对该交易数据包进行的数字签名,该数字签名用于证明该区块链节点的用户的身份。而后,该交易被区块链网络中的“矿工”(即执行PoW共识竞争机制的区块链节点)记录入区块链中产生的新区块,并将该交易发布到区块链网络中,在该交易被其他区块链节点验证通过(其他节点可以从该区块链节点生成的交易中获取该区块链节点的公钥,并根据该区块链节点的公 钥对上述的数字签名进行验证,除了验证数字签名之外还可以验证交易数据包是否为规定的数据结构)和接受后,该交易即被写入区块链。其中,区块链中的新区块是由上述的“矿工”通过执行PoW共识竞争机制(该机制可以理解为:各个“矿工”按照区块的预设技术要求,例如按照预设的随机数要求来共同计算随机数,哪一个“矿工”先计算出符合该随机数要求的随机数,该“矿工”产生的区块就作为该新区块)而定期产生的,因此产生新区块的时间间隔通常和上述的预设技术要求相关,通过设置不同的预设技术要求可以改变区块链产生新区块的时间间隔。本发明公开的各个实施例中,向区块链中发起转账交易的流程均可以采用上述流程。本发明公开各个实施例所涉及的应用场景可以是一种基于区块链的货币管理系统,该系统基于区块链,可以至少包括:区块链网络和区块链,其中区块链网络中的节点被预先的设置了不同的货币管理权限,以便扮演不同的角色,示例地,这些货币管理权限可以包括:
管理权(Administration):管理其他节点的权限,为最高权限,负责其他节点的权限的设定、取消或暂停等操作。发行权限(Issuing):即发行货币的权限,被赋予发行权的节点具有发行货币的权利。监管权限(Regulation):即监管货币转移过程(例如联名账户之间的转账)的权利,参与货币发行及转账的多方签名,确保发行和转账的有效性。转账权限(Transaction):拥有发出转账交易的权利,通常用户或金融机构具有转账权限。挖矿权限(Mining):拥有同步(Synchronization)区块链和生成区块(Mining)的权利。同步权限(Synchronization):拥有同步区块链的权限。
相应的,上述的各个权限通常是由不同的节点使用不同的账户来实现的,示例地,这些账户的可以分别设置为:
管理账户(Admin Account):负责区块链的建立和各个节点的权限或角色的管理账户,即最高权限账户。发行账户(Issuer Account):发行账户具有发行和转账权限,能够增发货币或回收货币,在不考虑挖矿奖励的情况下,发行账户为链内唯一的货币发行方。监管账户(Regulation Account):金融监管机构使用的账户,通常拥有同步权限、并作为联名账户的参与方,但出于安全考虑通常不具备转账权限及管理权限。机构账户(Organization Account): 即金融机构使用的账户,通常仅拥有转账权限,一般作为联名账户的交易参与方。用户账户(User Account):通常仅拥有转账权限,一般作为联名账户的参与方。联名账户(Union Account):是一种虚拟账户,一般由用户、金融机构和金融监管机构联合设立,仅有转账权限。回收账户(Burner Account):货币回收的账户,无私钥账户,无任何权限。智能合约(Smart Contract):智能合约实际上是存储在区块链上的可执行代码,不是严格意义上的账户因其不一定设有实际拥有人,但其特性和行为在很多情况下能够被看作是一种受编程逻辑控制的机器账户。示例的,图1是根据一实施例示出的一种不同权限的账户之间的关系图,发行账户、回收账户、机构账户、联名账户、用户账户以及监管账户之间的关系可以如图1所示,图1中联名账户1是由机构账户1、用户账户1以及监管账户联合设立的,联名账户2是由机构账户2、用户账户2以及监管账户联合设立的,机构账户与联名账户之间,联名账户与联名账户之间可以进行转账交易,发行账户可以向回收账户转账。
图2是根据一实施例示出的一种基于区块链的货币管理方法的流程图,参见图2,该方法可以包括以下步骤。
步骤101,第一节点通过第一账户在区块链中发起由该第一账户向第二账户转移货币的第一转账交易,该第一转账交易包含预先设置的对第一转账交易具有货币管理权限的一个或多个指定账户的数字签名;该货币管理权限包括货币的发行权限、监管权限、转账权限中的至少一者。
其中,该第一账户可以是上述的发行账户、机构账户、联名账户中的任一账户。发行账户具有发行权限和转账权限,通常只能够与机构账户或者回收账户进行转账交易,除此之外也可以进行货币的回收,而不能直接与联名账户进行转账交易;机构账户具有转账权限,可以与联名账户、其他机构账户、货币兑换账户进行转账交易;联名账户具有转账权限,可以与其他联名账户或者是机构账户进行转账交易。
步骤102,当区块链网络中的指定节点确定该第一转账交易的数字签名包含该一个或多个指定账户的数字签名时,确定该第一转账交易通过验证。
其中,区块链网络中的指定节点是指区块链网络中能够对任一节点发布的交易进行验证的节点,这些指定节点可以是区块链网络中的所有节点,也 可以是预先指定的一部分节点。
步骤103,当该第一转账交易通过验证时,该区块链网络中的矿工节点将该第一转账交易存入区块链中。
上述的具有不同权限的账户可以应用于不同场景的货币交易行为,针对不同场景的交易方法在下文实施例中分别进行描述。
示例地,在一种货币发行的应用场景下,步骤101中的第一账户为货币的发行账户,第二账户为第一金融机构的第一机构账户,对应的该一个或多个指定账户包括发行账户和金融监管机构的监管账户。
对应的,步骤101可以包括:第一节点通过该发行账户在该区块链中发起由该发行账户向该第一机构账户转账的第一转账交易,该第一转账交易中包含发行账户的地址、第一机构账户的地址、货币发行金额以及发行账户的数字签名和监管账户的数字签名。其中,发行账户例如可以是中央银行所使用的账户,第一金融机构可以是参与货币发行的银行。
其中,需要说明的是,在该第一转账交易存入区块链中后,区块链中的当前货币总量变为原货币总量与货币发行金额的总和,其中原货币总量为第一转账交易存入区块链之前该区块链中的货币总量。
在传统的区块链技术中,货币的发行,通常是通过挖矿奖励机制来产生,即对矿工节点的产生新区块进行奖励。例如比特币协议中规定的货币总量上限是约2700万比特币,每次产生新区块的挖矿奖励的金额由该协议规定。其奖励的方式是在矿工节点产生的新区块中写入第一个交易,该交易中包含奖励给该矿工节点的金额。因此,可以理解为,在传统的区块链技术中,一个新区块中只能写入一次发行货币的交易,并且每一次交易所发行的货币金额是协议所规定的值。因此相比于传统的区块链技术中,本公开所提供的技术方案中,由于在协议中预先设置好了发行账户具有发行货币的权限,因此发行账户可以根据实际需要在任意时间,发起任意次数的用于发行货币的交易,并且每次发起的发行货币的交易中的货币发行金额可以根据实际需要任意设置。因此,在本技术方案中,除了挖矿奖励之外,在一个区块中写入的用于发行货币的交易,可能是一个或者多个,也可能为零个。并且由于了发行账户的发行货币的权限是协议中规定好的,因此区块链网络中的其他节点 能够认可该发行账户发起的发行货币的交易,因此不但可以实现货币发行的目的,更使得区块链中的货币发行更加灵活,易于管理。
或者,在一种货币回收的应用场景下,步骤101中的第一账户依然为货币的发行账户,第二账户为货币的回收账户,对应的该一个或多个指定账户为该发行账户和该监管账户。
对应的,步骤101此时可以包括:第一节点通过该发行账户在该区块链中发起由该发行账户向该回收账户转账的第一转账交易,该第一转账交易中包含该发行账户的地址、该回收账户的地址、货币回收金额以及该发行账户的数字签名和该监管账户的数字签名。
其中,由于回收账户是一种无私钥的账户,因此转入其账户内的货币无法再次转出,可以视为已销毁,因此发行账户将回收账户转入的货币就可以视为将这部分货币回收。
基于与货币发行相同的理由,在发行账户向回收账户发起的第一转账交易存入区块链中后,区块链中的当前货币总量变为原货币总量与货币回收金额的之差,即区块链中的当前货币总量减少了。
或者,在一种普通用户间进行转账的应用场景下,步骤101中的第一账户为第一用户的第一联名账户,第二账户为第二用户的第二联名账户,对应的该一个或多个指定账户包括该第一联名账户、该第一联名账户对应的第二金融机构的第二机构账户、以及金融监管机构的监管账户;
对应的,步骤101可以包括:该第一节点通过第一联名账户在该区块链中发起由该第一联名账户向该第二联名账户转账的第一转账交易,该第一转账交易中包含该第一联名账户的地址、该第二联名账户的地址、转账金额,以及该第一联名账户的数字签名、该第二机构账户的数字签名、和该监管账户的数字签名。
联名账户是用户、金融机构以及金融监管机构共同设立的账户,可以将其看作是用户在金融机构(银行)开立的账户,该账户受到金融机构以及金融监管机构的共同监管,金融机构和金融监管机构参与该联名账户的每一次转账,其参与的方式为对该联名账户发起的转账交易进行数字签名。
或者,在一种货币兑换的应用场景下,步骤101中的第一账户为第一用 户的第一联名账户,第二账户为货币兑换账户,对应的该一个或多个指定账户包括第一联名账户、该第一联名账户对应的第二金融机构的第二机构账户、以及该监管账户;
对应的,步骤101可以包括:第一节点通过第一联名账户在区块链中发起由第一联名账户向货币兑换账户转账的第一转账交易,第一转账交易中包含第一联名账户的地址、货币兑换账户的地址、兑换金额、需要兑换的目标货币、第一联名账户对应的链外账户的信息,以及第一联名账户的数字签名、第二机构账户的数字签名、和监管账户的数字签名。
其中,上述的货币兑换是指从区块链内的货币(如比特币)到区块链外货币(即真实货币,比如人民币,美元等)的兑换,货币兑换账户可以视为一种特殊的回收账户。相应的,如图3所示,在步骤103之后,该方法还可以包括:
步骤104,货币兑换账户对应的第二节点根据当前货币与目标货币之间的汇率,确定将当前货币按照该兑换金额兑换成目标货币后的目标金额。
步骤105,第二节点根据目标货币和目标金额向该链外账户进行支付操作。
示例地,在一种用户存款的应用场景下,步骤101中的第一账户为第一用户的第一联名账户,该二账户为用于存款的智能合约的账户,对应的该一个或多个指定账户包括第一联名账户、第一联名账户对应的第二金融机构的第二机构账户、以及该的监管账户。
对应的,步骤101可以包括:该第一节点通过第一联名账户在区块链中发起由第一联名账户向智能合约的账户的第一转账交易该第一转账交易中包含第一联名账户的地址、智能合约的地址、存款金额,以及第一联名账户的数字签名、第二机构账户的数字签名、和该监管账户的数字签名。
示例的,在该第一转账交易中还可以包含这次存款交易需要调用的该智能合约的接口,需要说明书的是在一个智能合约中可以约定一个或者多个不同的功能,可以分别调用对应的接口来实现所需要的功能。例如,在本实施例中,可以在智能合约的某个接口中预先约定好存款的第三金融机构的第三机构账户、存款时间、存款方式、利率等等。当第一联名账户需要向上述的 第三机构账户存款时,可以在发起的交易中写明要调用这个接口。
相应的,如图4所示,在步骤103之后,该方法还可以包括:
步骤106,区块链网络中的指定节点通过执行智能合约来按照智能合约中约定的第三金融机构的第三机构账户的地址将第一联名账户转入智能合约的账户的金额转入第三机构账户。
示例的,在步骤103之后,该第一转账交易被写入区块链中,由于该第一转账交易写入区块链被广播到区块链网络中,因此区块链网络中的指定节点都可以运行这个智能合约,这里以以太坊为例,在以太坊中,区块链网络中的各个节点可以将区块链中的数据同步在节点本地,可以理解为将区块链中的总账本同步一份在节点自己的本地,从而当第一转账交易写入区块链后,区块链网络中的这些指定节点,可以根据第一转账交易所要调用的智能合约获取第一联名账户要转入的目标账户,即第三机构账户,以及存款金额等信息,然后各个节点在本地已同步的账本上进行相应的修改即可完成将第一联名账户转入智能合约的账户的金额转入第三机构账户的操作。
下面对用户取款的方法进行说明,在一种实现方式中,用户在存款到期时,接收金融机构通过智能合约自动返还的存款以及利息,如图5所示,可以包括以下步骤:
步骤107,当第一联名账户转入第三机构账户的存款到达智能合约约定的期限时,使用第三机构账户的第二节点通过调用智能合约来根据智能合约中约定的存储时间和存储利率确定与存款的金额对应的利息。
其中,需要说明的是,这里的第二节点与前文的其他应用场景中的第二节点可以是同一节点,也可以是不同的节点,这里第二节点仅用于限定其与第一节点是不同的节点。
步骤108,第二节点通过第三机构账户在区块链中发起由第三机构账户向智能合约的账户的第二转账交易,第二转账交易中包含第三机构账户的地址、智能合约的地址、返还金额,以及第三机构账户的数字签名。
其中,返还金额等于存款的金额与利息之和。
步骤109,当区块链网络中的指定节点确定第二转账交易的数字签名包含第三机构账户的数字签名时,确定第二转账交易通过验证。
步骤110,当第二转账交易通过验证时,区块链网络中的矿工节点将第二转账交易存入区块链中。
步骤111,区块链网络中的指定节点通过执行智能合约来按照智能合约中约定的第一联名账户的地址将第三机构账户转入智能合约的账户的返还金额转入第一联名账户。
其中,步骤111的实现方法可以参照步骤106所述的执行智能合约的方法,不再赘述。
或者,在一种实现方式中,用户在存款到期之前,主动地从金融机构提取存款以及利息,如图6所示,可以包括以下步骤:
步骤112,第一节点通过第一联名账户在区块链中发起通过智能合约从第三机构账户取款的第三转账交易。
步骤113,第三转账交易中包含第一联名账户的地址、智能合约的地址、取款金额,以及第一联名账户的数字签名、第二机构账户的数字签名、和监管账户的数字签名。
步骤114,当区块链网络中的指定节点确定第三转账交易的数字签名包含第一联名账户的数字签名、第二机构账户的数字签名、和监管账户的数字签名时,确定第三转账交易通过验证。
步骤115,当确定第三转账交易通过验证时,区块链网络中的矿工节点将第三转账交易存入区块链中。
步骤116,第二节点通过调用智能合约来根据第一联名账户的存款时间,以及智能合约中规定的存储利率确定与取款金额对应的利息。
步骤117,第二节点通过第三机构账户在区块链中发起由第三机构账户向智能合约的账户的第四转账交易,第四转账交易中包含第三机构账户的地址、智能合约的地址、返还金额,以及第三机构账户的数字签名。
其中,返还金额等于取款金额与利息之和。
步骤118,当区块链网络中的指定节点确定第四转账交易的数字签名包含第三机构账户的数字签名时,确定第四转账交易通过验证;
步骤119,当确定第四转账交易通过验证时,区块链网络中的矿工节点将第四转账交易存入区块链中;
步骤120,区块链网络中的指定节点通过执行智能合约来按照智能合约中约定的第一联名账户的地址将第三机构账户转入智能合约的账户的返还金额转入第一联名账户。
或者,在一种用户向金融机构贷款的应用场景下,步骤101中的第一账户为第四金融机构的第四机构账户,该第二账户为用于贷款的智能合约的账户,相应的,该一个或多个指定账户包括第四机构账户。
对应的,步骤101可以包括:第一节点通过第四机构账户在区块链中发起由第四机构账户向智能合约的账户的第一转账交易,第一转账交易中包含第四机构账户的地址、智能合约的地址、发放贷款金额,以及第四机构账户的数字签名。
相应的,如图7所示,在步骤103之后,该方法还可以包括:
步骤121,区块链网络中的指定节点通过执行智能合约来按照智能合约中约定的第一用户的第一联名账户的地址将第四机构账户转入智能合约的账户的金额转入第一联名账户。
其中,步骤121的实现方法可以参照步骤106所述的执行智能合约的方法,不再赘述。
下面对用户还款的方法进行说明,用户在贷款到达还款日期时,通过智能合约向贷款的金融机构进行还款,如图7所示,可以包括以下步骤:
步骤122,当到达智能合约约定的还贷时间时,使用第一联名账户的第二节点通过调用智能合约来根据智能合约中的约定的贷款金额和利率确定本次的还贷金额。
其中,用户可以预先将要用于还贷的钱存入其开立的第一联名账户中,该第二节点可以定期的调用智能合约来判断是否到达还贷时间,当到达还贷时间时,执行该步骤122。需要说明的是,这里的第二节点与前文的其他应用场景中的第二节点可以是同一节点,也可以是不同的节点,这里第二节点仅用于限定其与第一节点是不同的节点。
步骤123,第二节点通过第一联名账户在区块链中发起由第一联名账户向智能合约的账户的第二转账交易,第二转账交易中包含第一联名账户的地址、智能合约的地址、还贷金额,以及第一联名账户的数字签名、第一联名 账户对应的第二金融机构的第二机构账户的数字签名、以及该监管账户的数字签名。
步骤124,当区块链网络中的指定节点确定第二转账交易的数字签名包含第一联名账户的数字签名、第二机构账户的数字签名、以及该监管账户的数字签名时,确定第二转账交易通过验证。
步骤125,当确定第二转账交易通过验证时,区块链网络中的矿工节点将第二转账交易存入区块链中。
步骤126,区块链网络中的指定节点通过执行智能合约来按照智能合约中约定的第四机构账户的地址将第一联名账户转入智能合约的账户的还贷金额转入第四机构账户。
其中,步骤126的实现方法可以参照步骤106所述的执行智能合约的方法,不再赘述。
进一步的,金融机构自己可以判断用户是否按照约定的还款时间还款了,如图8所示,该方法可以包括:
步骤127,第一节点通过调用智能合约来获取智能合约中约定的还贷时间。
步骤128,在当前时间超过还贷时间的时间差值大于预设的第一时间阈值时,第一节点向使用第二机构账户的第三节点通知第一联名账户逾期未还款的消息。
示例地,第一节点向使用第二机构账户的第三节点通知可以通过链外通知的方式,例如第一节点像第三节点通过互联网发送第一联名账户逾期未还款的消息。
步骤129,当第三节点再次接收到通过第一联名账户在区块链中发起的交易时,第三节点拒绝使用第二机构账户为第一联名账户在区块链中发起的交易进行数字签名。
由于联名账户的转账交易需要其联合设立时的金融机构的数字签名,因此当拒绝为某个联名账户进行数字签名时,就可以实现对这个联名账户的冻结。
另外,值得一提的是,当第一联名账户逾期未还贷的时间大于一定的时 间阈值时,还可以对第一联名账户的担保账户的资金进行冻结或者扣款。
或者,在一种对金融机构准备金进行监控的场景下,该步骤101中的第一账户为货币的发行账户,第二账户为第五金融机构的第五机构账户,相应的该一个或多个指定账户为发行账户。
则相应的,如图9所示,在步骤101之前,该方法还可以包括:
步骤130,第一节点获取第五机构账户的当前余额。
示例的,可以通过用于设置准备金的智能合约来对各个金融机构的余额进行监控,第一节点通过调用该智能合约即可获得各个金融机构的余额,或者第一节点可以通过区块链中所记录的总账本计算出各个金融机构的余额。
步骤131,第一节点通过调用用于设置准备金的智能合约来按照智能合约中约定的准备金率计算与当前余额对应的第一准备金金额,并根据准备金金额以及第五机构账户在发行账户存放的第二准备金金额计算准备金余额。
其中,准备金等于金融机构的余额乘以准备金率,准备金余额是指金融机构当前存在发行账户(中央银行)的账户的额度超过其应当存储的额度的金额,也就是指金融机构在发行账户的准备金存多了,需要按照其准备金余额退回给金融机构。
对应的,步骤101可以包括:第一节点通过发行账户在区块链中发起由发行账户向第五机构账户转账的第一转账交易,第一转账交易中包含发行账户的地址、第五机构账户的地址、准备金余额的金额以及发行账户的数字签名。
除此之外,也可能是金融机构在发行账户存的准备金不够,此时根据第一准备金金额和第二准备金金额计算出的就是准备金差额,此时第一节点需要通知金融机构按照准备金差额补存准备金。其通知方式可以采用链外发送通知消息的方式,例如第一节点通过互联网向使用第五机构账户的第二节点发送需要补存准备金的消息,或者可以通过人工通知的方式,等等。需要说明的是,这里的第二节点与前文的其他应用场景中的第二节点可以是同一节点,也可以是不同的节点,这里第二节点仅用于限定其与第一节点是不同的节点。
另外,值得一提的是,金融结算/清算机构可以作为矿工节点,扮演矿 工的角色,其收益可通过挖矿奖励或协议中规定的交易费(Transaction Fee)来体现。由于矿工节点是区块链安全的最根本保证,因此矿工节点需遵循分布式,无中心化的原理,避免由单一机构或团体掌握多数矿工节点或算力。
综上所述,上述方法提供了一种基于区块链的数字货币的管理机制,能够解决现有的区块链技术中除了货币兑换外不能支持其他管理权限的问题,能够实现区块链网络中的货币的多种权限的管理。
图10是根据一实施例示出的一种基于区块链的货币管理系统的结构图,参见图10,该系统可以包括:区块链网络和区块链,区块链网络中包括第一节点1、指定节点2(指定节点2可以是区块链中的每个节点,也可以是指定的一部分节点)以及矿工节点3,其中:
区块链网络1中的通过第一账户在区块链中发起由第一账户向第二账户转移货币的第一转账交易,第一转账交易包含预先设置的对第一转账交易具有货币管理权限的一个或多个指定账户的数字签名;货币管理权限包括货币的发行权限、监管权限、转账权限中的至少一者;
区块链网络中的指定节点2用于当确定转账交易的数字签名包含该一个或多个指定账户的数字签名时,确定第一转账交易通过验证;
区块链网络中的矿工节点3用于,当第一转账交易通过验证时,将第一转账交易存入区块链中。
示例地,在一种货币发行的应用场景下,第一账户为货币的发行账户,第二账户为第一金融机构的第一机构账户,该一个或多个指定账户为发行账户和监管账户;
第一节点1用于:通过发行账户在区块链中发起由发行账户向第一机构账户转账的第一转账交易,第一转账交易中包含发行账户的地址、第一机构账户的地址、货币发行金额以及发行账户的数字签名和监管账户的数字签名。
其中,需要说明的是,在该第一转账交易存入区块链中后,区块链中的当前货币总量变为原货币总量与货币发行金额的总和,其中原货币总量为第一转账交易存入区块链之前该区块链中的货币总量。
或者,在一种货币回收的应用场景下,第一账户为货币的发行账户,第二账户为货币的回收账户,该一个或多个指定账户为发行账户和监管账户;
第一节点1用于:通过发行账户在区块链中发起由发行账户向回收账户转账的第一转账交易,第一转账交易中包含发行账户的地址、回收账户的地址、货币回收金额以及发行账户的数字签名和监管账户的数字签名。
其中,在第一转账交易存入区块链中后,区块链中的当前货币总量变为原货币总量与货币回收金额的之差,其中原货币总量为第一转账交易存入区块链之前区块链中的货币总量。
或者,在一种普通用户间进行转账的应用场景下,第一账户为第一用户的第一联名账户,第二账户为第二用户的第二联名账户,该一个或多个指定账户包括第一联名账户、第一联名账户对应的第二金融机构的第二机构账户、以及监管账户;
第一节点1用于:第一节点通过第一联名账户在区块链中发起由第一联名账户向第二联名账户转账的第一转账交易,第一转账交易中包含第一联名账户的地址、第二联名账户的地址、转账金额,以及第一联名账户的数字签名、第二机构账户的数字签名、和监管账户的数字签名。
或者,在一种货币兑换的应用场景下,第一账户为第一用户的第一联名账户,第二账户为货币兑换账户,该一个或多个指定账户包括第一联名账户、第一联名账户对应的第二金融机构的第二机构账户、以及该监管账户;
第一节点1用于:通过第一联名账户在区块链中发起由第一联名账户向货币兑换账户转账的第一转账交易,第一转账交易中包含第一联名账户的地址、货币兑换账户的地址、兑换金额、需要兑换的目标货币、第一联名账户对应的链外账户的信息,以及第一联名账户的数字签名、第二机构账户的数字签名、和监管账户的数字签名。
可选的,系统还包括:货币兑换账户对应的第二节点4;需要说明的是,这里的第二节点与前文的其他应用场景中的第二节点可以是同一节点,也可以是不同的节点,这里第二节点仅用于限定其与第一节点是不同的节点。
第二节点4用于根据当前货币与目标货币之间的汇率,确定将当前货币按照兑换金额兑换成目标货币后的目标金额;
第二节点4还用于根据目标货币和目标金额向链外账户进行支付操作。
示例地,在一种用户存款的应用场景下,区块链中存储有用于存款的智 能合约,第一账户为第一用户的第一联名账户,第二账户为智能合约的账户,该一个或多个指定账户包括第一联名账户、第一联名账户对应的第二金融机构的第二机构账户、以及该监管账户;
第一节点1用于:通过第一账户在区块链中发起由第一账户向智能合约的账户的第一转账交易,第一转账交易中包含第一联名账户的地址、智能合约的地址、存款金额,以及第一联名账户的数字签名、第二机构账户的数字签名、和监管账户的数字签名。
可选的,区块链网络中的指定节点3还用于通过执行智能合约来按照智能合约中约定的第三金融机构的第三机构账户的地址将第一联名账户转入智能合约的账户的金额转入第三机构账户。
可选的,系统还包括:使用第三机构账户的第二节点5;需要说明的是,这里的第二节点与前文的其他应用场景中的第二节点可以是同一节点,也可以是不同的节点,这里第二节点仅用于限定其与第一节点是不同的节点。
第二节点5用于当第一联名账户转入第三机构账户的存款到达智能合约约定的期限时,通过调用智能合约来根据智能合约中约定的存储时间和存储利率确定与存款的金额对应的利息;
第二节点5还用于通过第三机构账户在区块链中发起由第三机构账户向智能合约的账户的第二转账交易,第二转账交易中包含第三机构账户的地址、智能合约的地址、返还金额,以及第三机构账户的数字签名;其中,返还金额等于存款的金额与利息之和;
区块链网络中的指定节点还用于当确定第二转账交易的数字签名包含第三机构账户的数字签名时,确定第二转账交易通过验证;
区块链网络中的矿工节点还用于当第二转账交易通过验证时,将第二转账交易存入区块链中;
区块链网络中的指定节点还用于通过执行智能合约来按照智能合约中约定的第一联名账户的地址将第三机构账户转入智能合约的账户的返还金额转入第一联名账户。
可选的,第一节点1还用于:通过第一联名账户在区块链中发起通过智能合约从第三机构账户取款的第三转账交易,第三转账交易中包含第一联名 账户的地址、智能合约的地址、取款金额,以及第一联名账户的数字签名、第二机构账户的数字签名、和监管账户的数字签名;
区块链网络中的指定节点2还用于当确定第三转账交易的数字签名包含第一联名账户的数字签名、第二机构账户的数字签名、和监管账户的数字签名时,确定第三转账交易通过验证;
区块链网络中的矿工节点3还用于当确定第三转账交易通过验证时,将第三转账交易存入区块链中;
第二节点5还用于通过调用智能合约来根据第一联名账户的存款时间,以及智能合约中规定的存储利率确定与取款金额对应的利息;
第二节点5还用于通过第三机构账户在区块链中发起由第三机构账户向智能合约的账户的第四转账交易,第四转账交易中包含第三机构账户的地址、智能合约的地址、返还金额,以及第三机构账户的数字签名;其中,返还金额等于取款金额与利息之和;
区块链网络中的指定节点2还用于当确定第四转账交易的数字签名包含第三机构账户的数字签名时,确定第四转账交易通过验证;
区块链网络中的矿工节点3还用于当确定第四转账交易通过验证时,将第四转账交易存入区块链中;
区块链网络中的指定节点2还用于通过执行智能合约来按照智能合约中约定的第一联名账户的地址将第三机构账户转入智能合约的账户的返还金额转入第一联名账户。
或者,在一种用户向金融机构贷款的应用场景下,第一账户为第四金融机构的第四机构账户,第二账户为用于贷款的智能合约的账户,该一个或多个指定账户包括第四机构账户;
第一节点1用于:第一节点通过第四机构账户在区块链中发起由第四机构账户向智能合约的账户的第一转账交易,第一转账交易中包含第四机构账户的地址、智能合约的地址、发放贷款金额,以及第四机构账户的数字签名。
可选的,区块链网络中的指定节点2还用于通过执行智能合约来按照智能合约中约定的第一用户的第一联名账户的地址将第四机构账户转入智能合约的账户的金额转入第一联名账户。
可选的,系统还包括:使用第一联名账户的第二节点6;需要说明的是,这里的第二节点与前文的其他应用场景中的第二节点可以是同一节点,也可以是不同的节点,这里第二节点仅用于限定其与第一节点是不同的节点。
第二节点6用于当到达智能合约约定的还贷时间时,通过调用智能合约来根据智能合约中的约定的贷款金额和利率确定本次的还贷金额;
第二节点6还用于通过第一联名账户在区块链中发起由第一联名账户向智能合约的账户的第二转账交易,第二转账交易中包含第一联名账户的地址、智能合约的地址、还贷金额,以及第一联名账户的数字签名、第一联名账户对应的第二金融机构的第二机构账户的数字签名、以及该监管账户的数字签名;
区块链网络中的指定节点2还用于当确定第二转账交易的数字签名包含第一联名账户的数字签名、第二机构账户的数字签名、以及该监管账户的数字签名时,确定第二转账交易通过验证;
区块链网络中的矿工节点3还用于当确定第二转账交易通过验证时,将第二转账交易存入区块链中;
区块链网络中的指定节点2还用于通过执行智能合约来按照智能合约中约定的第四机构账户的地址将第一联名账户转入智能合约的账户的还贷金额转入第四机构账户。
可选的,系统还包括:使用第二机构账户的第三节点7;
第一节点1还用于通过调用智能合约来获取智能合约中约定的还贷时间;
在当前时间超过还贷时间的时间差值大于预设的第一时间阈值时,第一节点向第三节点7通知第一联名账户逾期未还款的消息;
第三节点7用于当再次接收到通过第一联名账户在区块链中发起的交易时,第三节点拒绝使用第二机构账户为第一联名账户在区块链中发起的交易进行数字签名。
或者,在一种对金融机构准备金进行监控的场景下,第一账户为货币的发行账户,第二账户为第五金融机构的第五机构账户,该一个或多个指定账户为发行账户;
在第一节点1通过第一账户在区块链中发起由第一账户向第二账户转账的第一转账交易之前,第一节点还用于获取第五机构账户的当前余额;
第一节点1还用于通过调用用于设置准备金的智能合约来按照智能合约中约定的准备金率计算与当前余额对应的第一准备金金额,并根据准备金金额以及第五机构账户在发行账户存放的第二准备金金额计算准备金余额;
第一节点1还用于:通过发行账户在区块链中发起由发行账户向第五机构账户转账的第一转账交易,第一转账交易中包含发行账户的地址、第五机构账户的地址、准备金余额的金额以及发行账户的数字签名。
其中,本实施例中的第二节点(4、5或6)以及第三节点7未在图中说明,该第二节点(4、5或6)以及第三节点7可能是上述区块链网络中除了第一节点外的其他任意节点。
综上所述,上述系统提供了一种基于区块链的数字货币的管理机制,能够解决现有的区块链技术中除了货币兑换外不能支持其他管理权限的问题,能够实现区块链网络中的货币的多种权限的管理。
图11是根据一实施例提供的一种基于区块链的货币管理装置的框图,该装置1100可以是终端设备,可以作为上述区块链网络中的任意节点,用于执行上述的基于区块链的货币管理方法,如图11所示,该装置1100可以包括:处理器1101,存储器1102,多媒体组件1103,输入/输出(I/O)接口1104,以及通信组件1105。
其中,处理器1101用于控制该装置1100的整体操作,以完成上述的基于区块链的货币管理方法的全部或部分步骤。存储器1102用于存储各种类型的数据以支持在该装置1100的操作,这些数据的例如可以包括用于在该装置1100上操作的任何应用程序或方法的指令,以及应用程序相关的数据,例如联系人数据、收发的消息、图片、音频、视频等等。该存储器1102可以由任何类型的易失性或非易失性存储终端设备或者它们的组合实现,例如静态随机存取存储器(Static Random Access Memory,简称SRAM),电可擦除可编程只读存储器(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory,简称EEPROM),可擦除可编程只读存储器(Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory,简称EPROM),可编程只读存储器(Programmable Read-Only  Memory,简称PROM),只读存储器(Read-Only Memory,简称ROM),磁存储器,快闪存储器,磁盘或光盘。多媒体组件1103可以包括屏幕和音频组件。其中屏幕例如可以是触摸屏,音频组件用于输出和/或输入音频信号。例如,音频组件可以包括一个麦克风,麦克风用于接收外部音频信号。所接收的音频信号可以被进一步存储在存储器1102或通过通信组件1105发送。音频组件还包括至少一个扬声器,用于输出音频信号。I/O接口1104为处理器1101和其他接口模块之间提供接口,上述其他接口模块可以是键盘,鼠标,按钮等。这些按钮可以是虚拟按钮或者实体按钮。通信组件1105用于该装置1100与其他终端设备之间进行有线或无线通信。无线通信,例如Wi-Fi,蓝牙,近场通信(Near Field Communication,简称NFC),2G、3G或4G,或它们中的一种或几种的组合,因此相应的该通信组件1105可以包括:Wi-Fi模块,蓝牙模块,NFC模块。
在一示例性实施例中,装置1100可以被一个或多个应用专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit,简称ASIC)、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor,简称DSP)、数字信号处理终端设备(Digital Signal Processing Device,简称DSPD)、可编程逻辑器件(Programmable Logic Device,简称PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,简称FPGA)、控制器、微控制器、微处理器或其他电子元件实现,用于执行上述的基于区块链的货币管理方法。
在另一示例性实施例中,还提供了一种包括指令的非临时性计算机可读存储介质,例如包括指令的存储器1102,上述指令可由装置1100的处理器1101执行以完成上述的基于区块链的货币管理方法。示例地,该非临时性计算机可读存储介质可以是ROM、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory,简称RAM)、CD-ROM、磁带、软盘和光数据存储终端设备等。
图12是根据一实施例提供的另一种基于区块链的货币管理方法装置的框图,该装置1200可以是一个服务器,可以作为上述区块链网络中的任意节点,用于执行上述的基于区块链的货币管理方法,由若干台服务器组成的服务器集群,或者可以是一个云计算服务中心。参照图12,装置1200包括处理器1201、存储器1202、I/O接口1203以及网络接口1204,其中该存储 器1202可以用于存储可由处理器1201的执行的指令,处理器1202可以执行这些指令,以执行上述的基于区块链的货币管理方法。另外,该装置1200可以操作基于存储在存储器1202的操作系统进行,该操作系统包括但不限于Windows ServerTM,Mac OS XTM,UnixTM,LinuxTM,FreeBSDTM等。
以上结合附图详细描述了本公开的优选实施方式,但是,本公开并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本公开的技术构思范围内,可以对本公开的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本公开的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合,为了避免不必要的重复,本公开对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外,本公开的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本公开的思想,其同样应当视为本公开所公开的内容。

Claims (30)

  1. 一种基于区块链的货币管理方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    第一节点通过第一账户在区块链中发起由所述第一账户向第二账户转移货币的第一转账交易,所述第一转账交易包含预先设置的对所述第一转账交易具有货币管理权限的一个或多个指定账户的数字签名;所述货币管理权限包括货币的发行权限、监管权限、转账权限中的至少一者;
    当区块链网络中的指定节点确定所述第一转账交易的数字签名包含所述一个或多个指定账户的数字签名时,确定所述第一转账交易通过验证;
    当所述第一转账交易通过验证时,所述区块链网络中的矿工节点将所述第一转账交易存入所述区块链中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一账户为货币的发行账户,所述第二账户为第一金融机构的第一机构账户,所述一个或多个指定账户为所述发行账户和监管账户;
    所述第一节点通过第一账户在区块链中发起由所述第一账户向第二账户转账的第一转账交易,包括:
    所述第一节点通过所述发行账户在所述区块链中发起由所述发行账户向所述第一机构账户转账的第一转账交易,所述第一转账交易中包含所述发行账户的地址、所述第一机构账户的地址、货币发行金额以及所述发行账户的数字签名和所述监管账户的数字签名;
    其中,在所述第一转账交易存入所述区块链中后,所述区块链中的当前货币总量变为原货币总量与所述货币发行金额的总和,其中所述原货币总量为所述第一转账交易存入所述区块链之前所述区块链中的货币总量。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一账户为货币的发行账户,所述第二账户为货币的回收账户,所述一个或多个指定账户为所述发行账户和监管账户;
    所述第一节点通过第一账户在区块链中发起由所述第一账户向第二账户转账的第一转账交易,包括:
    所述第一节点通过所述发行账户在所述区块链中发起由所述发行账户向所述回收账户转账的第一转账交易,所述第一转账交易中包含所述发行账户的地址、所述回收账户的地址、货币回收金额以及所述发行账户的数字签名和所述监管账户的数字签名;
    其中,在所述第一转账交易存入所述区块链中后,所述区块链中的当前货币总量变为原货币总量与所述货币回收金额的之差,其中所述原货币总量为所述第一转账交易存入所述区块链之前所述区块链中的货币总量。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一账户为第一用户的第一联名账户,所述第二账户为第二用户的第二联名账户,所述一个或多个指定账户包括所述第一联名账户、所述第一联名账户对应的第二金融机构的第二机构账户、以及监管账户;
    所述第一节点通过第一账户在区块链中发起由所述第一账户向第二账户转账的第一转账交易,包括:
    所述第一节点通过所述第一联名账户在所述区块链中发起由所述第一联名账户向所述第二联名账户转账的第一转账交易,所述第一转账交易中包含所述第一联名账户的地址、所述第二联名账户的地址、转账金额,以及所述第一联名账户的数字签名、所述第二机构账户的数字签名、和所述监管账户的数字签名。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一账户为第一用户的第一联名账户,所述第二账户为货币兑换账户,所述一个或多个指定账户包括所述第一联名账户、所述第一联名账户对应的第二金融机构的第二机构账户、以及监管账户;
    所述第一节点通过第一账户在区块链中发起由所述第一账户向第二账户转账的第一转账交易,包括:
    所述第一节点通过所述第一联名账户在所述区块链中发起由所述第一联名账户向所述货币兑换账户转账的第一转账交易,所述第一转账交易中包含所述第一联名账户的地址、所述货币兑换账户的地址、兑换金额、需要兑 换的目标货币、所述第一联名账户对应的链外账户的信息,以及所述第一联名账户的数字签名、所述第二机构账户的数字签名、和所述监管账户的数字签名。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    所述货币兑换账户对应的第二节点根据当前货币与所述目标货币之间的汇率,确定将所述当前货币按照所述兑换金额兑换成所述目标货币后的目标金额;
    所述第二节点根据所述目标货币和所述目标金额向所述链外账户进行支付操作。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一账户为第一用户的第一联名账户,所述第二账户为用于存款的智能合约的账户,所述一个或多个指定账户包括所述第一联名账户、所述第一联名账户对应的第二金融机构的第二机构账户、以及监管账户;
    所述第一节点通过第一账户在区块链中发起由所述第一账户向第二账户转账的第一转账交易,包括:
    所述第一节点通过所述第一联名账户在区块链中发起由所述第一联名账户向所述智能合约的账户的第一转账交易,所述第一转账交易中包含所述第一联名账户的地址、所述智能合约的地址、存款金额,以及所述第一联名账户的数字签名、所述第二机构账户的数字签名、和所述监管账户的数字签名。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    所述区块链网络中的指定节点通过执行所述智能合约来按照所述智能合约中约定的第三金融机构的第三机构账户的地址将所述第一联名账户转入所述智能合约的账户的金额转入所述第三机构账户。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    当所述第一联名账户转入所述第三机构账户的存款到达所述智能合约约定的期限时,使用所述第三机构账户的第二节点通过调用所述智能合约来根据所述智能合约中约定的存储时间和存储利率确定与所述存款的金额对应的利息;
    所述第二节点通过所述第三机构账户在区块链中发起由所述第三机构账户向所述智能合约的账户的第二转账交易,所述第二转账交易中包含所述第三机构账户的地址、所述智能合约的地址、返还金额,以及所述第三机构账户的数字签名;其中,所述返还金额等于所述存款的金额与所述利息之和;
    当所述区块链网络中的指定节点确定所述第二转账交易的数字签名包含所述第三机构账户的数字签名时,确定所述第二转账交易通过验证;
    当所述第二转账交易通过验证时,所述区块链网络中的矿工节点将所述第二转账交易存入所述区块链中;
    所述区块链网络中的指定节点通过执行所述智能合约来按照所述智能合约中约定的所述第一联名账户的地址将所述第三机构账户转入所述智能合约的账户的所述返还金额转入所述第一联名账户。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    所述第一节点通过所述第一联名账户在区块链中发起通过所述智能合约从所述第三机构账户取款的第三转账交易;
    所述第三转账交易中包含所述第一联名账户的地址、所述智能合约的地址、取款金额,以及所述第一联名账户的数字签名、所述第二机构账户的数字签名、和所述监管账户的数字签名;
    当所述区块链网络中的指定节点确定所述第三转账交易的数字签名包含所述第一联名账户的数字签名、所述第二机构账户的数字签名、和所述监管账户的数字签名时,确定所述第三转账交易通过验证;
    当所述确定所述第三转账交易通过验证时,所述区块链网络中的矿工节点将所述第三转账交易存入所述区块链中;
    所述第二节点通过调用所述智能合约来根据第一联名账户的存款时间,以及所述智能合约中规定的存储利率确定与所述取款金额对应的利息;
    所述第二节点通过所述第三机构账户在区块链中发起由所述第三机构账户向所述智能合约的账户的第四转账交易,所述第四转账交易中包含所述第三机构账户的地址、所述智能合约的地址、返还金额,以及所述第三机构账户的数字签名;其中,所述返还金额等于所述取款金额与所述利息之和;
    当所述区块链网络中的指定节点确定所述第四转账交易的数字签名包含所述第三机构账户的数字签名时,确定所述第四转账交易通过验证;
    当确定所述第四转账交易通过验证时,所述区块链网络中的矿工节点将所述第四转账交易存入所述区块链中;
    所述区块链网络中的指定节点通过执行所述智能合约来按照所述智能合约中约定的所述第一联名账户的地址将所述第三机构账户转入所述智能合约的账户的所述返还金额转入所述第一联名账户。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一账户为第四金融机构的第四机构账户,所述第二账户为用于贷款的智能合约的账户,所述一个或多个指定账户包括第四机构账户;
    所述第一节点通过第一账户在区块链中发起由所述第一账户向第二账户转账的第一转账交易,包括:
    所述第一节点通过所述第四机构账户在区块链中发起由所述第四机构账户向所述智能合约的账户的第一转账交易,所述第一转账交易中包含所述第四机构账户的地址、所述智能合约的地址、发放贷款金额,以及所述第四机构账户的数字签名。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    所述区块链网络中的指定节点通过执行所述智能合约来按照所述智能合约中约定的第一用户的第一联名账户的地址将所述第四机构账户转入所述智能合约的账户的金额转入所述第一联名账户。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    当到达所述智能合约约定的还贷时间时,使用所述第一联名账户的第二 节点通过调用所述智能合约来根据所述智能合约中的约定的贷款金额和利率确定本次的还贷金额;
    所述第二节点通过所述第一联名账户在区块链中发起由所述第一联名账户向所述智能合约的账户的第二转账交易,所述第二转账交易中包含所述第一联名账户的地址、所述智能合约的地址、还贷金额,以及所述第一联名账户的数字签名、所述第一联名账户对应的第二金融机构的第二机构账户的数字签名、以及监管账户的数字签名;
    当所述区块链网络中的指定节点确定所述第二转账交易的数字签名包含所述第一联名账户的数字签名、所述第二机构账户的数字签名、以及所述监管账户的数字签名时,确定所述第二转账交易通过验证;
    当确定所述第二转账交易通过验证时,所述区块链网络中的矿工节点将所述第二转账交易存入所述区块链中;
    所述区块链网络中的指定节点通过执行所述智能合约来按照所述智能合约中约定的所述第四机构账户的地址将所述第一联名账户转入所述智能合约的账户的所述还贷金额转入所述第四机构账户。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    所述第一节点通过调用所述智能合约来获取所述智能合约中约定的还贷时间;
    在当前时间超过所述还贷时间的时间差值大于预设的第一时间阈值时,所述第一节点向使用所述第二机构账户的第三节点通知所述第一联名账户逾期未还款的消息;
    当所述第三节点再次接收到通过所述第一联名账户在区块链中发起的交易时,所述第三节点拒绝使用所述第二机构账户为所述第一联名账户在区块链中发起的交易进行数字签名。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:所述第一账户为货币的发行账户,所述第二账户为第五金融机构的第五机构账户,所述一个或多个指定账户为所述发行账户;
    在所述第一节点通过第一账户在区块链中发起由所述第一账户向第二账户转账的第一转账交易之前,所述方法还包括:
    所述第一节点获取所述第五机构账户的当前余额;
    所述第一节点通过调用用于设置准备金的智能合约来按照所述智能合约中约定的准备金率计算与所述当前余额对应的第一准备金金额,并根据所述准备金金额以及所述第五机构账户在所述发行账户存放的第二准备金金额计算准备金余额;
    所述第一节点通过第一账户在区块链中发起由所述第一账户向第二账户转账的第一转账交易,包括:
    所述第一节点通过所述发行账户在所述区块链中发起由所述发行账户向所述第五机构账户转账的第一转账交易,所述第一转账交易中包含所述发行账户的地址、所述第五机构账户的地址、准备金余额的金额以及所述发行账户的数字签名。
  16. 一种基于区块链的货币管理系统,其特征在于,所述系统包括:区块链网络和区块链,所述区块链网络中包括第一节点、指定节点以及矿工节点,其中:
    所述区块链网络中的通过第一账户在区块链中发起由所述第一账户向第二账户转移货币的第一转账交易,所述第一转账交易包含预先设置的对所述第一转账交易具有货币管理权限的一个或多个指定账户的数字签名;所述货币管理权限包括货币的发行权限、监管权限、转账权限中的至少一者;
    所述区块链网络中的指定节点用于当确定所述转账交易的数字签名包含所述一个或多个指定账户的数字签名时,确定所述第一转账交易通过验证;
    所述区块链网络中的矿工节点用于,当所述第一转账交易通过验证时,将所述第一转账交易存入所述区块链中。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的系统,其特征在于,所述第一账户为货币的发行账户,所述第二账户为第一金融机构的第一机构账户,所述一个或多个指定账户为所述发行账户和监管账户;
    所述第一节点用于:通过所述发行账户在所述区块链中发起由所述发行账户向所述第一机构账户转账的第一转账交易,所述第一转账交易中包含所述发行账户的地址、所述第一机构账户的地址、货币发行金额以及所述发行账户的数字签名和所述监管账户的数字签名;
    其中,在所述第一转账交易存入所述区块链中后,所述区块链中的当前货币总量变为原货币总量与所述货币发行金额的总和,其中所述原货币总量为所述第一转账交易存入所述区块链之前所述区块链中的货币总量。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的系统,其特征在于,所述第一账户为货币的发行账户,所述第二账户为货币的回收账户,所述一个或多个指定账户为所述发行账户和监管账户;
    所述第一节点用于:通过所述发行账户在所述区块链中发起由所述发行账户向所述回收账户转账的第一转账交易,所述第一转账交易中包含所述发行账户的地址、所述回收账户的地址、货币回收金额以及所述发行账户的数字签名和所述监管账户的数字签名;
    其中,在所述第一转账交易存入所述区块链中后,所述区块链中的当前货币总量变为原货币总量与所述货币回收金额的之差,其中所述原货币总量为所述第一转账交易存入所述区块链之前所述区块链中的货币总量。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的系统,其特征在于,所述第一账户为第一用户的第一联名账户,所述第二账户为第二用户的第二联名账户,所述一个或多个指定账户包括所述第一联名账户、所述第一联名账户对应的第二金融机构的第二机构账户、以及监管账户;
    所述第一节点用于:所述第一节点通过所述第一联名账户在所述区块链中发起由所述第一联名账户向所述第二联名账户转账的第一转账交易,所述第一转账交易中包含所述第一联名账户的地址、所述第二联名账户的地址、转账金额,以及所述第一联名账户的数字签名、所述第二机构账户的数字签名、和所述监管账户的数字签名。
  20. 根据权利要求17所述的系统,其特征在于,所述第一账户为第一用户的第一联名账户,所述第二账户为货币兑换账户,所述一个或多个指定账户包括所述第一联名账户、所述第一联名账户对应的第二金融机构的第二机构账户、以及监管账户;
    所述第一节点用于:通过所述第一联名账户在所述区块链中发起由所述第一联名账户向所述货币兑换账户转账的第一转账交易,所述第一转账交易中包含所述第一联名账户的地址、所述货币兑换账户的地址、兑换金额、需要兑换的目标货币、所述第一联名账户对应的链外账户的信息,以及所述第一联名账户的数字签名、所述第二机构账户的数字签名、和所述监管账户的数字签名。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的系统,其特征在于,所述系统还包括:所述货币兑换账户对应的第二节点;
    所述第二节点用于根据当前货币与所述目标货币之间的汇率,确定将所述当前货币按照所述兑换金额兑换成所述目标货币后的目标金额;
    所述第二节点还用于根据所述目标货币和所述目标金额向所述链外账户进行支付操作。
  22. 根据权利要求16所述的系统,其特征在于,所述区块链中存储有用于存款的智能合约,所述第一账户为第一用户的第一联名账户,所述第二账户为所述智能合约的账户,所述一个或多个指定账户包括所述第一联名账户、所述第一联名账户对应的第二金融机构的第二机构账户、以及监管账户;
    所述第一节点用于:通过第一账户在区块链中发起由所述第一账户向所述智能合约的账户的第一转账交易,所述第一转账交易中包含所述第一联名账户的地址、所述智能合约的地址、存款金额,以及所述第一联名账户的数字签名、所述第二机构账户的数字签名、和所述监管账户的数字签名。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的系统,其特征在于,
    所述区块链网络中的指定节点还用于通过执行所述智能合约来按照所 述智能合约中约定的第三金融机构的第三机构账户的地址将所述第一联名账户转入所述智能合约的账户的金额转入所述第三机构账户。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的系统,其特征在于,所述系统还包括:使用所述第三机构账户的第二节点;
    所述第二节点用于当所述第一联名账户转入所述第三机构账户的存款到达所述智能合约约定的期限时,通过调用所述智能合约来根据所述智能合约中约定的存储时间和存储利率确定与所述存款的金额对应的利息;
    所述第二节点还用于通过所述第三机构账户在区块链中发起由所述第三机构账户向所述智能合约的账户的第二转账交易,所述第二转账交易中包含所述第三机构账户的地址、所述智能合约的地址、返还金额,以及所述第三机构账户的数字签名;其中,所述返还金额等于所述存款的金额与所述利息之和;
    所述区块链网络中的指定节点还用于当确定所述第二转账交易的数字签名包含所述第三机构账户的数字签名时,确定所述第二转账交易通过验证;
    所述区块链网络中的矿工节点还用于当所述第二转账交易通过验证时,将所述第二转账交易存入所述区块链中;
    所述区块链网络中的指定节点还用于通过执行所述智能合约来按照所述智能合约中约定的所述第一联名账户的地址将所述第三机构账户转入所述智能合约的账户的所述返还金额转入所述第一联名账户。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的系统,其特征在于,
    所述第一节点还用于通过所述第一联名账户在区块链中发起通过所述智能合约从所述第三机构账户取款的第三转账交易,所述第三转账交易中包含所述第一联名账户的地址、所述智能合约的地址、取款金额,以及所述第一联名账户的数字签名、所述第二机构账户的数字签名、和所述监管账户的数字签名;
    所述区块链网络中的指定节点还用于当确定所述第三转账交易的数字签名包含所述第一联名账户的数字签名、所述第二机构账户的数字签名、和 所述监管账户的数字签名时,确定所述第三转账交易通过验证;
    所述区块链网络中的矿工节点还用于当所述确定所述第三转账交易通过验证时,将所述第三转账交易存入所述区块链中;
    所述第二节点还用于通过调用所述智能合约来根据第一联名账户的存款时间,以及所述智能合约中规定的存储利率确定与所述取款金额对应的利息;
    所述第二节点还用于通过所述第三机构账户在区块链中发起由所述第三机构账户向所述智能合约的账户的第四转账交易,所述第四转账交易中包含所述第三机构账户的地址、所述智能合约的地址、返还金额,以及所述第三机构账户的数字签名;其中,所述返还金额等于所述取款金额与所述利息之和;
    所述区块链网络中的指定节点还用于当确定所述第四转账交易的数字签名包含所述第三机构账户的数字签名时,确定所述第四转账交易通过验证;
    所述区块链网络中的矿工节点还用于当确定所述第四转账交易通过验证时,将所述第四转账交易存入所述区块链中;
    所述区块链网络中的指定节点还用于通过执行所述智能合约来按照所述智能合约中约定的所述第一联名账户的地址将所述第三机构账户转入所述智能合约的账户的所述返还金额转入所述第一联名账户。
  26. 根据权利要求16所述的系统,其特征在于,所述第一账户为第四金融机构的第四机构账户,所述第二账户为用于贷款的智能合约的账户,所述一个或多个指定账户包括第四机构账户;
    所述第一节点用于:所述第一节点通过所述第四机构账户在区块链中发起由所述第四机构账户向所述智能合约的账户的第一转账交易,所述第一转账交易中包含所述第四机构账户的地址、所述智能合约的地址、发放贷款金额,以及所述第四机构账户的数字签名。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的系统,其特征在于,
    所述区块链网络中的指定节点还用于通过执行所述智能合约来按照所 述智能合约中约定的第一用户的第一联名账户的地址将所述第四机构账户转入所述智能合约的账户的金额转入所述第一联名账户。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的系统,其特征在于,所述系统还包括:使用所述第一联名账户的第二节点;
    所述第二节点用于当到达所述智能合约约定的还贷时间时,通过调用所述智能合约来根据所述智能合约中的约定的贷款金额和利率确定本次的还贷金额;
    所述第二节点还用于通过所述第一联名账户在区块链中发起由所述第一联名账户向所述智能合约的账户的第二转账交易,所述第二转账交易中包含所述第一联名账户的地址、所述智能合约的地址、还贷金额,以及所述第一联名账户的数字签名、所述第一联名账户对应的第二金融机构的第二机构账户的数字签名、以及监管账户的数字签名;
    所述区块链网络中的指定节点还用于当确定所述第二转账交易的数字签名包含所述第一联名账户的数字签名、所述第二机构账户的数字签名、以及所述监管账户的数字签名时,确定所述第二转账交易通过验证;
    所述区块链网络中的矿工节点还用于当确定所述第二转账交易通过验证时,将所述第二转账交易存入所述区块链中;
    所述区块链网络中的指定节点还用于通过执行所述智能合约来按照所述智能合约中约定的所述第四机构账户的地址将所述第一联名账户转入所述智能合约的账户的所述还贷金额转入所述第四机构账户。
  29. 根据权利要求27或28所述的系统,其特征在于,所述系统还包括:使用所述第二机构账户的第三节点;
    所述第一节点还用于通过调用所述智能合约来获取所述智能合约中约定的还贷时间;
    在当前时间超过所述还贷时间的时间差值大于预设的第一时间阈值时,所述第一节点向所述第三节点通知所述第一联名账户逾期未还款的消息;
    所述第三节点用于当再次接收到通过所述第一联名账户在区块链中发 起的交易时,所述第三节点拒绝使用所述第二机构账户为所述第一联名账户在区块链中发起的交易进行数字签名。
  30. 根据权利要求16所述的系统,其特征在于,所述第一账户为货币的发行账户,所述第二账户为第五金融机构的第五机构账户,所述一个或多个指定账户为所述发行账户;
    在所述第一节点通过第一账户在区块链中发起由所述第一账户向第二账户转账的第一转账交易之前,所述第一节点还用于获取所述第五机构账户的当前余额;
    所述第一节点还用于通过调用用于设置准备金的智能合约来按照所述智能合约中约定的准备金率计算与所述当前余额对应的第一准备金金额,并根据所述准备金金额以及所述第五机构账户在所述发行账户存放的第二准备金金额计算准备金余额;
    所述第一节点还用于:通过所述发行账户在所述区块链中发起由所述发行账户向所述第五机构账户转账的第一转账交易,所述第一转账交易中包含所述发行账户的地址、所述第五机构账户的地址、准备金余额的金额以及所述发行账户的数字签名。
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