WO2018120003A1 - 天线 - Google Patents

天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018120003A1
WO2018120003A1 PCT/CN2016/113439 CN2016113439W WO2018120003A1 WO 2018120003 A1 WO2018120003 A1 WO 2018120003A1 CN 2016113439 W CN2016113439 W CN 2016113439W WO 2018120003 A1 WO2018120003 A1 WO 2018120003A1
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Prior art keywords
metal
holes
copper
antenna
feed
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PCT/CN2016/113439
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张传安
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2016/113439 priority Critical patent/WO2018120003A1/zh
Priority to CN201680087959.0A priority patent/CN109478716B/zh
Publication of WO2018120003A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018120003A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of antenna technologies, and in particular, to an antenna.
  • the antenna acts as a carrier for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves and is an integral part of any complete communication system.
  • the antenna in the prior art includes: an electrically connected radiator and a feeding body;
  • the radiator includes a substrate and a copper layer respectively disposed on upper and lower surfaces of the substrate, wherein the copper layer disposed on the upper surface of the substrate comprises an antenna unit and a microstrip line or the like for connecting the respective antenna elements, a copper-clad layer disposed on a lower surface of the substrate for grounding;
  • the feed body includes a substrate and a copper-clad layer respectively disposed on upper and lower surfaces of the substrate, wherein the upper surface of the substrate is disposed A copper layer is used to feed the radiator, and a copper layer disposed on the lower surface of the substrate is used for grounding.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides an antenna, so that the side lobes of the entire antenna can be avoided or reduced.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, including: an electrically connected radiator and a feeding body, the radiator is located above the feeding body; the radiator includes: a first substrate and a first coating disposed on an upper surface of the first substrate a copper layer and a second copper-clad layer disposed on a lower surface of the first substrate; the feed body includes: a second substrate and a third copper-clad layer disposed on the upper surface of the second substrate; and a fourth surface disposed on the lower surface of the second substrate a copper layer is disposed; at least one first feed gap is disposed on the second copper layer, and a second feed gap corresponding to the first feed gap is disposed on the third copper layer; the second feed gap passes through the corresponding The first feed gap feeds the radiator;
  • Each of the second feeding slits corresponds to two sets of metal through holes penetrating the first substrate from top to bottom, two groups Metal through holes are respectively located at two sides of each of the second feeding slits, wherein each of the second feeding slits is an axis of symmetry, and one of the two sets of metal through holes is symmetrically projected on the opposite side with another There are overlapping areas of the group metal through holes.
  • the antenna can avoid electromagnetic wave leakage externally, thereby avoiding the side lobes of the entire antenna; or making the antenna externally reduce electromagnetic wave leakage, thereby reducing the entire antenna Side lobes.
  • the second copper-clad layer and the third copper-clad layer are the same copper-clad layer, and the first feed gap and the corresponding second feed gap are the same second feed gap.
  • two sets of metal through holes are symmetrically located on opposite sides of each of the second feed gaps.
  • the antenna can avoid electromagnetic wave leakage externally, so that the side lobes of the entire antenna can be avoided.
  • the spacing between the two sets of metal vias satisfies the formula:
  • ⁇ 0 represents the wavelength of the working electromagnetic wave of the antenna in vacuum
  • ⁇ r represents the relative dielectric constant
  • W represents the spacing between the two sets of metal vias.
  • the spacing between the two rows of metal through holes is too small, no electromagnetic waves can pass through the two rows of metal through holes, so that the antenna side lobes cannot be reduced; if the spacing between the two rows of metal through holes is too large, the antenna is lowered. The sidelobe effect is not obvious. Therefore, after continuous experimental verification, it is determined that the spacing between the two sets of metal through holes satisfies the formula: At the same time, it is best to reduce the side lobes of the antenna.
  • any one of the two sets of metal through holes includes a plurality of metal through holes, and each of the metal through holes has a rectangular shape.
  • the antenna can avoid electromagnetic wave leakage externally, thereby avoiding the side lobes of the entire antenna; or making the antenna externally reduce electromagnetic wave leakage, thereby reducing the entire antenna Side lobes.
  • any one of the two sets of metal through holes includes a plurality of metal through holes, and each of the metal through holes has a circular shape.
  • each metal via has the same aperture.
  • the first copper layer comprises at least one antenna unit and a microstrip line for connecting each antenna unit in each group of antenna units; the microstrip line corresponds to the second feeding slot, and the microstrip line is located The microstrip line corresponds directly above the second feed slot.
  • each antenna unit is a patch antenna.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, including: an electrically connected radiator and a feeding body, the radiator is located above the feeding body; the radiator includes: a first substrate and a first coating disposed on an upper surface of the first substrate a copper layer and a second copper-clad layer disposed on a lower surface of the first substrate; the feed body includes: a second substrate and a third copper-clad layer disposed on the upper surface of the second substrate; and a fourth surface disposed on the lower surface of the second substrate a copper layer is disposed; at least one first feed gap is disposed on the second copper layer, and a second feed gap corresponding to the first feed gap is disposed on the third copper layer; the second feed gap passes through the corresponding The first feeding slot feeds the radiator; each of the second feeding slots corresponds to two sets of metal through holes penetrating the first substrate from top to bottom, and two sets of metal through holes are respectively located in each of the second feeding gaps.
  • each of the second feeding slits is an axis of symmetry
  • a symmetric projection of one of the two sets of metal through holes on the opposite side overlaps with another set of metal through holes.
  • the antenna can avoid or reduce electromagnetic wave leakage, so that the side lobes of the entire antenna can be avoided or reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a radiator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a power feeding body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power feeding principle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a power feeding body according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a power feeding principle according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding body according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.
  • the antenna comprises: an electrically connected radiator 11 and a feeding body 12, the radiator 11 is located above the feeding body 12; the radiator 11 includes: a first substrate 111 and a first copper-clad layer 112 disposed on an upper surface of the first substrate 111; a second copper-clad layer 113 disposed on a lower surface of the first substrate 111; the power-feeding body 12 includes: a second substrate 121 and a third copper-clad layer 122 disposed on an upper surface of the second substrate 121; and a second substrate disposed on the second substrate a fourth copper-clad layer 123 on the lower surface of the 121; wherein the second copper-clad layer 113 is provided with at least one first feed gap, and the third copper-clad layer 122 is provided with a second feed corresponding to the first feed gap
  • the second feeding slot 124 feeds the radiator 11 through the corresponding first feeding slot; each of the second feeding slots 124 has two sets of metal through holes penetrating the first substrate 111 from top to bottom.
  • the two sets of metal vias 114 may also penetrate the first copper-clad layer 112 and the second copper-clad layer 113.
  • the embodiments of the present invention do not limit this.
  • Two sets of metal through holes 114 are respectively located at two sides of each of the second feeding slits 124, wherein each of the second feeding slits 124 is an axis of symmetry, and a set of metal through holes 114 of the two sets of metal through holes 114 are The symmetric projection of the opposite side has an overlapping area with another set of metal vias.
  • two sets of metal through holes 114 may be respectively located on both sides of each of the second feed slots 124 along the length direction of each of the second feed slots 124; Two sets of metal through holes 114 may also be located on both sides of each of the second feed gaps 124 along the width direction of each of the second feed slots 124.
  • the embodiments of the present invention do not limit this.
  • the second copper layer and the third copper layer may be the same copper layer, that is, the radiator and the feeding body may share the copper layer; the corresponding first feeding gap and the corresponding second feeding layer
  • the electrical gap can be the same second feed slot.
  • the second copper-clad layer and the third copper-clad layer can also be disposed independently, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a feeding principle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • each of the first The two feed gaps 124 and the corresponding two sets of metal through holes 114 are equivalent to form a waveguide structure, and the two sets of metal through holes 114 correspond to two side walls of the waveguide structure, and the second feed gap 124 and the two sets of metal through holes
  • the direction of the magnetic induction line generated by 114 is as shown in FIG. 4 (actually, the number of magnetic sensing lines is very dense, FIG.
  • each of the second feeding slits 124 is an axis of symmetry, and a symmetric projection of a pair of metal through holes in the two sets of metal through holes 114 on the opposite side completely coincides with another set of metal through holes).
  • Each set of metal through holes 114 includes a plurality of metal through holes 1141, and each of the metal through holes 1141 has a circular shape. And the aperture of each metal through hole 1141 is also the same. But this is just an option.
  • any one of the two sets of metal through holes includes a plurality of metal through holes, and each of the metal through holes has a shape of a rectangle, a star or a diamond.
  • the aperture of each metal through hole may be the same or different. The following is an example:
  • Example 1 is a schematic structural view of a radiator according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a power feeding body according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a first substrate 111 and a first copper-clad layer 112 disposed on an upper surface of the first substrate 111 and a second copper-clad layer disposed on a lower surface of the first substrate 111;
  • the radiator is provided with a top to bottom
  • Two sets of metal through holes 114 penetrating the upper surface and the lower surface of the first substrate 111, the two sets of metal through holes 114 are respectively located at two sides of the corresponding second feeding slits 124, and the two sets of metal through holes 114
  • the aperture of each of the metal through holes 1141 is rectangular.
  • the feeding principle based on the antenna structure shown in FIG. 5 is similar to the feeding principle based on the antenna result shown in FIG. 1, and details are not described herein again.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the radiator includes: a first substrate 111 and a first surface disposed on the upper surface of the first substrate 111. a copper layer 112 and a second copper layer disposed on a lower surface of the first substrate 111; the radiation body is provided with two sets of metal through holes 114 penetrating the first substrate 111 from top to bottom, Two sets of metal through holes 114 are respectively located at two sides of the corresponding second feed gaps 124.
  • One set of metal through holes 114 includes a plurality of metal through holes 1141, and the holes of each of the metal through holes 1141 are a rectangular shape, another set of metal through holes includes a plurality of metal through holes 1141, each of the metal through holes 1141 has a circular shape, and each of the second feeding slits 124 is an axis of symmetry.
  • a symmetric projection of a set of metal vias in the aperture 114 has an overlapping area with the other set of metal vias on the opposite side.
  • the feeding principle based on the antenna structure shown in FIG. 7 is similar to the feeding principle based on the antenna result shown in FIG. 1, and details are not described herein again.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the radiator includes: a first substrate 111 and a first surface disposed on the upper surface of the first substrate 111 a copper layer 112 and a second copper layer disposed on a lower surface of the first substrate 111; radiation Two sets of metal through holes 114 penetrating the first substrate 111 from top to bottom are disposed on the body, and the two sets of metal through holes 114 are respectively located at two sides of the corresponding second feeding slits 124, and the two sets of metal through holes 114 are respectively disposed.
  • the plurality of metal through holes 1141 each include a plurality of metal through holes 1141.
  • the holes of the metal through holes 1141 are all circular, and the holes of each of the metal through holes 1141 are not completely the same.
  • the opening of each of the metal through holes 1141 is A circular shape, wherein each of the second feeding slits 124 is an axis of symmetry, and a symmetric projection of one of the two sets of metal through holes 114 on the opposite side overlaps with another set of metal through holes.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a feeding principle according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • each The second feeding slot 124 and the corresponding two sets of metal through holes 114 correspond to one waveguide structure, and the two sets of metal through holes 114 correspond to two side walls of the waveguide structure, the second feeding slot 124 and the two sets of metal through holes 114
  • the generated magnetic line direction is as shown in FIG. 9, and based on this, the waveguide structure will reduce electromagnetic wave leakage to the outside. Thereby the side lobes of the entire antenna can be reduced.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, the antenna includes: an electrically connected radiator and a feed body, the radiator is located above the feed body; the radiator includes: a first substrate and a set a first copper-clad layer on an upper surface of the first substrate; and a second copper-clad layer disposed on a lower surface of the first substrate; the feed body includes: a second substrate and a surface disposed on an upper surface of the second substrate a third copper-clad layer and a fourth copper-clad layer disposed on the lower surface of the second substrate; the second copper-clad layer is provided with at least one first feed gap, and the third copper-clad layer is provided with the first feed a second feed slot corresponding to the electrical gap; the second feed slot feeds the radiator through the corresponding first feed slot; each second feed slot corresponds to two groups penetrating the first substrate from top to bottom a metal through hole, two sets of metal through holes are respectively located at two sides of each of the second feeding slits, wherein each of the second feeding slits
  • the antenna can avoid electromagnetic wave leakage externally, thereby avoiding the side lobes of the entire antenna; or making the antenna externally reduce electromagnetic wave leakage, thereby reducing the entire antenna Side lobes.
  • the spacing between the two sets of metal through holes satisfies the formula: Where ⁇ 0 represents the wavelength of the working electromagnetic wave of the antenna in vacuum; ⁇ r represents the relative dielectric constant; W represents the spacing between the two sets of metal vias.
  • the spacing between the two rows of metal through holes is too small, no electromagnetic waves can pass through the two rows of metal through holes, so that the antenna side lobes cannot be reduced; if the spacing between the two rows of metal through holes is too large, the antenna is lowered. The sidelobe effect is not obvious. Therefore, after continuous experimental verification, it is determined that the spacing between the two sets of metal through holes satisfies the formula: At the same time, it is best to reduce the side lobes of the antenna.
  • the first copper-clad layer includes at least one set of antenna elements and a microstrip line for connecting each antenna unit in each set of antenna units; the micro-belt line and the second feed gap Correspondingly, the microstrip line is located directly above the second feed slot corresponding to the microstrip line.
  • each antenna unit is a patch antenna.
  • the first copper layer 112 includes four antenna elements, each antenna unit includes four antenna units 1121, and the antenna unit 1121 can be a patch antenna, and the four antenna units 1121 pass.
  • the microstrip line 1122 is connected; as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, the microstrip line 1122 is in one-to-one correspondence with the second feed slot 124, and the microstrip line 1122 is located in the second corresponding to the microstrip line 1122. Directly above the feed slot 124, the second feed slot 124 is used for coupling feed to the microstrip line 1122.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiator according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first copper layer 112 includes eight antenna elements, and each antenna unit includes two antenna units 1121.
  • the antenna unit 1121 can be a patch antenna, and the two antenna units 1121 are connected by a microstrip line 1122.
  • the microstrip line 1122 is in one-to-one correspondence with the second feed slot 124, and the microstrip The line 1122 is located directly above the second feed slot 124 corresponding to the microstrip line 1122, wherein the second feed slot 124 is used for coupling feeding to the microstrip line 1122.
  • the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention can prevent the electromagnetic wave from leaking through the second feeding gap and the corresponding two rows of metal through holes, so that the side lobes of the entire antenna can be avoided; or
  • the antenna can reduce electromagnetic wave leakage externally, thereby reducing the side lobes of the entire antenna.

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Abstract

本发明实施例提供一种天线，包括：电性连接的辐射体和馈电体，辐射体位于馈电体的上方；辐射体包括第一基板和分别设置在第一基板上下表面的第一敷铜层和第二敷铜层；馈电体包括第二基板和分别设置在第二基板上下表面的第三敷铜层和第四敷铜层；第二敷铜层上设置有至少一条第一馈电缝隙，第三敷铜层上设置有与第一馈电缝隙对应的第二馈电缝隙；第二馈电缝隙通过对应的第一馈电缝隙向辐射体馈电；每个第二馈电缝隙对应有从上至下穿透第一基板的两组金属通孔，两组金属通孔分别位于第二馈电缝隙的两侧，以每个第二馈电缝隙为对称轴，两组金属通孔中的一组金属通孔在对侧的对称投影与另一组金属通孔存在重叠区域。从而可以避免或者降低天线的副瓣。

Description

天线 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及天线技术领域，尤其涉及一种天线。
背景技术
天线作为发射和接收电磁波的载体，它是任何一个完整的通讯系统中必不可少的一部分。
现有技术中的天线包括：电性连接的辐射体和馈电体；辐射体包括基板和分别设置在基板的上下表面的敷铜层，其中设置在基板上表面的敷铜层包括天线单元和用于连接各个天线单元的微带线等，设置在基板下表面的敷铜层用于接地；馈电体包括基板和分别设置在基板的上下表面的敷铜层，其中设置在基板上表面的敷铜层用于向辐射体进行馈电，设置在基板下表面的敷铜层用于接地。
然而，现有技术中馈电体向辐射体馈电时，由于对外泄露电磁波而存在副瓣较高的问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中馈电体向辐射体馈电时，由于对外泄露电磁波而存在副瓣较高的问题。本发明实施例提供一种天线。
本发明实施例提供一种天线，从而可以避免或者降低整个天线的副瓣。
本发明实施例提供一种天线，包括：电性连接的辐射体和馈电体，辐射体位于馈电体的上方；辐射体包括：第一基板和设置在第一基板上表面的第一敷铜层以及设置在第一基板下表面的第二敷铜层；馈电体包括：第二基板和设置在第二基板上表面的第三敷铜层以及设置在第二基板下表面的第四敷铜层；第二敷铜层上设置有至少一条第一馈电缝隙，第三敷铜层上设置有与第一馈电缝隙对应的第二馈电缝隙；第二馈电缝隙通过对应的第一馈电缝隙向辐射体馈电；
每个第二馈电缝隙对应有从上至下穿透第一基板的两组金属通孔，两组 金属通孔分别位于每个第二馈电缝隙的两侧，其中以每个第二馈电缝隙为对称轴，两组金属通孔中的一组金属通孔在对侧的对称投影与另一组金属通孔存在重叠区域。
通过第二馈电缝隙与对应的两排金属通孔的设置，使得该天线对外可以避免电磁波泄露，从而可以避免整个天线的副瓣；或者使得该天线对外可以降低电磁波泄露，从而可以降低整个天线的副瓣。
可选地，第二敷铜层与第三敷铜层为同一敷铜层，且第一馈电缝隙与对应的第二馈电缝隙为同一第二馈电缝隙。
可选地，两组金属通孔分别对称位于每个第二馈电缝隙的两侧。
通过第二馈电缝隙与对应的两排金属通孔的设置，使得该天线对外可以避免电磁波泄露，从而可以避免整个天线的副瓣。
可选地，两组金属通孔之间的间距满足公式：
Figure PCTCN2016113439-appb-000001
其中λ0表示天线在真空中的工作电磁波的波长；εr表示相对介电常数；W表示所述两组金属通孔之间的间距。
由于若两排金属通孔之间的间距太小，则造成没有电磁波可以通过两排金属通孔，从而无法降低天线副瓣；若两排金属通孔之间的间距太大，则造成降低天线副瓣效果不明显。因此经过不断的实验验证，确定当两组金属通孔之间的间距满足公式：
Figure PCTCN2016113439-appb-000002
时，降低天线副瓣的效果最好。
可选地，两组金属通孔中任一组金属通孔包括多个金属通孔，且每个金属通孔的孔口为矩形。
通过第二馈电缝隙与对应的两组金属通孔的设置，使得该天线对外可以避免电磁波泄露，从而可以避免整个天线的副瓣；或者使得该天线对外可以降低电磁波泄露，从而可以降低整个天线的副瓣。
可选地，两组金属通孔中任一组金属通孔包括多个金属通孔，且每个金属通孔的孔口为圆形。
可选地，每个金属通孔的孔径相同。
可选地，第一敷铜层包括至少一组天线单元和用于连接每组天线单元中各个天线单元的微带线；微带线与第二馈电缝隙一一对应，且微带线位于微带线对应的第二馈电缝隙的正上方。
可选地，每个天线单元为patch天线。
本发明实施例提供一种天线，包括：电性连接的辐射体和馈电体，辐射体位于馈电体的上方；辐射体包括：第一基板和设置在第一基板上表面的第一敷铜层以及设置在第一基板下表面的第二敷铜层；馈电体包括：第二基板和设置在第二基板上表面的第三敷铜层以及设置在第二基板下表面的第四敷铜层；第二敷铜层上设置有至少一条第一馈电缝隙，第三敷铜层上设置有与第一馈电缝隙对应的第二馈电缝隙；第二馈电缝隙通过对应的第一馈电缝隙向辐射体馈电；每个第二馈电缝隙对应有从上至下穿透第一基板的两组金属通孔，两组金属通孔分别位于每个第二馈电缝隙的两侧，其中以每个第二馈电缝隙为对称轴，两组金属通孔中的一组金属通孔在对侧的对称投影与另一组金属通孔存在重叠区域。使得该天线对外可以避免或者降低电磁波泄露，从而可以避免或者降低整个天线的副瓣。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施例提供的天线的结构示意图；
图2为本发明一实施例提供的辐射体的结构示意图；
图3为本发明一实施例提供的馈电体的结构示意图；
图4为本发明一实施例提供的馈电原理示意图；
图5为本发明另一实施例提供的辐射体的结构示意图；
图6为本发明另一实施例提供的馈电体的结构示意图；
图7为本发明再一实施例提供的辐射体的结构示意图；
图8为本发明又一实施例提供的辐射体的结构示意图；
图9为本发明另一实施例提供的馈电原理示意图；
图10为本发明另一实施例提供的辐射体的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了解决现有技术中馈电体向辐射体馈电时，由于对外泄露电磁波而存在副瓣较高的问题。本发明实施例提供一种天线。
图1为本发明一实施例提供的天线的结构示意图，图2为本发明一实施例提供的辐射体的结构示意图，图3为本发明一实施例提供的馈电体的结构示意图，结合图1、图2和图3所示，该天线包括：电性连接的辐射体11和 馈电体12，所述辐射体11位于所述馈电体12的上方；所述辐射体11包括：第一基板111和设置在所述第一基板111上表面的第一敷铜层112以及设置在所述第一基板111下表面的第二敷铜层113；馈电体12包括：第二基板121和设置在第二基板121上表面的第三敷铜层122以及设置在第二基板121下表面的第四敷铜层123；其中第二敷铜层113上设置有至少一条第一馈电缝隙，第三敷铜层122上设置有与第一馈电缝隙对应的第二馈电缝隙124；第二馈电缝隙124通过对应的第一馈电缝隙向辐射体11馈电；每个第二馈电缝隙124对应有从上至下穿透第一基板111的两组金属通孔114，可选地，该两组金属通孔114也可以穿透所述第一敷铜层112和第二敷铜层113。本发明实施例对此不做限制。两组金属通孔114分别位于每个第二馈电缝隙124的两侧，其中以所述每个第二馈电缝隙124为对称轴，两组金属通孔114中的一组金属通孔在对侧的对称投影与另一组金属通孔存在重叠区域。
需要说明的是，如图1所示，两组金属通孔114可以沿着所述每个第二馈电缝隙124的长度方向分别位于所述每个第二馈电缝隙124的两侧；当然两组金属通孔114也可以沿着所述每个第二馈电缝隙124的宽度方向分别位于所述每个第二馈电缝隙124的两侧。本发明实施例对此不做限制。
可选地，上述第二敷铜层和第三敷铜层可以为同一敷铜层，即辐射体和馈电体可以共用该敷铜层；相应的第一馈电缝隙与对应的第二馈电缝隙可以为同一第二馈电缝隙。当然，第二敷铜层和第三敷铜层也可以独立设置，本发明实施例对此不做限制。
基于图1的天线结构，下面将介绍馈电原理过程：图4为本发明一实施例提供的馈电原理示意图，如图4所示，当馈电体向辐射体馈电时，每个第二馈电缝隙124与对应的两组金属通孔114相当于构成了一个波导结构，两组金属通孔114相当于波导结构的两个侧壁，第二馈电缝隙124与两组金属通孔114所产生的磁感线方向如图4所示(实际上磁感线数量非常密集，本发明实施例图4仅为一种示意图)，由于两组金属通孔114中的一组金属通孔在对侧的对称投影与另一组金属通孔存在重叠区域。基于此，该波导结构对外将不会产生电磁波泄露。从而可以避免整个天线的副瓣。
需要说明的是，图1所示的天线所包括的辐射体以及图2所示的辐射体中，两组金属通孔114分别对称位于对应的第二馈电缝隙124的两侧(所谓 对称是指以所述每个第二馈电缝隙124为对称轴，两组金属通孔114中的一组金属通孔在对侧的对称投影与另一组金属通孔完全重合)。每组金属通孔114包括多个金属通孔1141，每个金属通孔1141的孔口形状为圆形。并且每个金属通孔1141的孔径也都相同。但这只是一种可选方式。
实际上，两组金属通孔中任一组金属通孔包括多个金属通孔，每个金属通孔的孔口形状为矩形、星形或者菱形等。并且每个金属通孔的孔径可以相同，也可以不同。下面进行举例说明：
示例一：图5为本发明另一实施例提供的辐射体的结构示意图，图6为本发明另一实施例提供的馈电体的结构示意图，如图5和图6所示，辐射体包括：第一基板111和设置在所述第一基板111上表面的第一敷铜层112以及设置在所述第一基板111下表面的第二敷铜层；辐射体上设置有从上至下穿透所述第一基板111的上表面和下表面的两组金属通孔114，所述两组金属通孔114分别位于对应的第二馈电缝隙124的两侧，两组金属通孔114中每个金属通孔1141的孔口为矩形。
其中基于图5所示天线结构的馈电原理与基于1所示天线结果的馈电原理类似，在此不再赘述。
示例二：图7为本发明再一实施例提供的辐射体的结构示意图，如图6和图7所示，辐射体包括：第一基板111和设置在所述第一基板111上表面的第一敷铜层112以及设置在所述第一基板111下表面的第二敷铜层；辐射体上设置有从上至下穿透所述第一基板111的两组金属通孔114，所述两组金属通孔114分别位于对应的第二馈电缝隙124的两侧，两组金属通孔114中一组金属通孔包括多个金属通孔1141，每个金属通孔1141的孔口为矩形，另一组金属通孔包括多个金属通孔1141，每个金属通孔1141的孔口为圆形，以所述每个第二馈电缝隙124为对称轴，所述两组金属通孔114中的一组金属通孔在对侧的对称投影与另一组金属通孔存在重叠区域。
其中基于图7所示天线结构的馈电原理与基于1所示天线结果的馈电原理类似，在此不再赘述。
示例三：图8为本发明又一实施例提供的辐射体的结构示意图，如图6和图8所示，辐射体包括：第一基板111和设置在所述第一基板111上表面的第一敷铜层112以及设置在所述第一基板111下表面的第二敷铜层；辐射 体上设置有从上至下穿透第一基板111的两组金属通孔114，所述两组金属通孔114分别位于对应的第二馈电缝隙124的两侧，两组金属通孔114中一组金属通孔均包括多个金属通孔1141，其中金属通孔1141的孔口均为圆形，每个金属通孔1141的孔径不完全相同，每个金属通孔1141的孔口为圆形，以所述每个第二馈电缝隙124为对称轴，所述两组金属通孔114中的一组金属通孔在对侧的对称投影与另一组金属通孔存在重叠区域。
基于图8的天线结构，下面将介绍馈电原理过程：图9为本发明另一实施例提供的馈电原理示意图，如图9所示，当馈电体向辐射体馈电时，每个第二馈电缝隙124与对应的两组金属通孔114相当于一个波导结构，两组金属通孔114相当于波导结构的两个侧壁，第二馈电缝隙124与两组金属通孔114所产生的磁感线方向如图9所示，基于此，该波导结构对外将降低电磁波泄露。从而可以降低整个天线的副瓣。
本发明实施例提供一种天线，该天线包括：电性连接的辐射体和馈电体，所述辐射体位于所述馈电体的上方；所述辐射体包括：第一基板和设置在所述第一基板上表面的第一敷铜层以及设置在所述第一基板下表面的第二敷铜层；所述馈电体包括：第二基板和设置在所述第二基板上表面的第三敷铜层以及设置在所述第二基板下表面的第四敷铜层；第二敷铜层上设置有至少一条第一馈电缝隙，第三敷铜层上设置有与第一馈电缝隙对应的第二馈电缝隙；第二馈电缝隙通过对应的第一馈电缝隙向辐射体馈电；每个第二馈电缝隙对应有从上至下穿透第一基板的两组金属通孔，两组金属通孔分别位于每个第二馈电缝隙的两侧，其中以每个第二馈电缝隙为对称轴，两组金属通孔中的一组金属通孔在对侧的对称投影与另一组金属通孔存在重叠区域。通过第二馈电缝隙与对应的两排金属通孔的设置，使得该天线对外可以避免电磁波泄露，从而可以避免整个天线的副瓣；或者使得该天线对外可以降低电磁波泄露，从而可以降低整个天线的副瓣。
可选地，当两组金属通孔分别对称位于对应的第二馈电缝隙的两侧时，两组金属通孔之间的间距满足公式：
Figure PCTCN2016113439-appb-000003
其中λ0表示所述天线在真空中的工作电磁波的波长；εr表示相对介电常数；W表示所述两组金属通孔之间的间距。
由于若两排金属通孔之间的间距太小，则造成没有电磁波可以通过两排金属通孔，从而无法降低天线副瓣；若两排金属通孔之间的间距太大，则造 成降低天线副瓣效果不明显。因此经过不断的实验验证，确定当两组金属通孔之间的间距满足公式：
Figure PCTCN2016113439-appb-000004
时，降低天线副瓣的效果最好。
可选地，所述第一敷铜层包括至少一组天线单元和用于连接所述每组天线单元中各个天线单元的微带线；所述微带线与所述第二馈电缝隙一一对应，且所述微带线位于所述微带线对应的第二馈电缝隙的正上方。
可选地，每个天线单元为patch天线。
例如：结合图1和图2所示，第一敷铜层112包括4组天线单元，每组天线单元包括4个天线单元1121，该天线单元1121可以为patch天线，该4个天线单元1121通过微带线1122连接；如图1和图3所示，微带线1122与所述第二馈电缝隙124一一对应，且所述微带线1122位于所述微带线1122对应的第二馈电缝隙124的正上方，其中该第二馈电缝隙124用于向微带线1122进行耦合馈电。
例如：图10为本发明另一实施例提供的辐射体的结构示意图，结合图6和图10所示，第一敷铜层112包括8组天线单元，每组天线单元包括2个天线单元1121，该天线单元1121可以为patch天线，2个天线单元1121通过微带线1122连接；如图10所示，微带线1122与所述第二馈电缝隙124一一对应，且所述微带线1122位于所述微带线1122对应的第二馈电缝隙124的正上方，其中该第二馈电缝隙124用于向微带线1122进行耦合馈电。
综上，本发明实施例所提供的天线，通过第二馈电缝隙与对应的两排金属通孔的设置，使得该天线对外可以避免电磁波泄露，从而可以避免整个天线的副瓣；或者使得该天线对外可以降低电磁波泄露，从而可以降低整个天线的副瓣。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种天线，包括：电性连接的辐射体和馈电体，所述辐射体位于所述馈电体的上方；所述辐射体包括：第一基板和设置在所述第一基板上表面的第一敷铜层以及设置在所述第一基板下表面的第二敷铜层；所述馈电体包括：第二基板和设置在所述第二基板上表面的第三敷铜层以及设置在所述第二基板下表面的第四敷铜层；其特征在于，
    所述第二敷铜层上设置有至少一条第一馈电缝隙，所述第三敷铜层上设置有与所述第一馈电缝隙对应的第二馈电缝隙；所述第二馈电缝隙通过对应的第一馈电缝隙向所述辐射体馈电；
    每个第二馈电缝隙对应有从上至下穿透所述第一基板的两组金属通孔，所述两组金属通孔分别位于所述每个第二馈电缝隙的两侧，其中以所述每个第二馈电缝隙为对称轴，所述两组金属通孔中的一组金属通孔在对侧的对称投影与另一组金属通孔存在重叠区域。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第二敷铜层与所述第三敷铜层为同一敷铜层，且所述第一馈电缝隙与对应的第二馈电缝隙为同一第二馈电缝隙。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线，其特征在于，所述两组金属通孔分别对称位于所述每个第二馈电缝隙的两侧。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其特征在于，所述两组金属通孔之间的间距满足公式：
    Figure PCTCN2016113439-appb-100001
    其中λ0表示所述天线在真空中的工作电磁波的波长；εr表示相对介电常数；W表示所述两组金属通孔之间的间距。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述两组金属通孔中任一组金属通孔包括多个金属通孔，且每个金属通孔的孔口为矩形。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述两组金属通孔中任一组金属通孔包括多个金属通孔，且每个金属通孔的孔口为圆形。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的天线，其特征在于，所述多个金属通孔的孔径相同。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一敷铜层 包括至少一组天线单元和用于连接所述每组天线单元中各个天线单元的微带线；所述微带线与所述第二馈电缝隙一一对应，且所述微带线位于所述微带线对应的第二馈电缝隙的正上方。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的天线，其特征在于，每个天线单元为patch天线。
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