WO2018115673A1

WO2018115673A1 - Shape memory deformable article, process for manufacturing a shape memory deformable article and laminate obtained during the implementation of the manufacturing process

Info

Publication number: WO2018115673A1
Application number: PCT/FR2017/053640
Authority: WO
Inventors: Arthur ESCOFFIER; Cyril JIGUET
Original assignee: Obsess
Priority date: 2016-12-19
Filing date: 2017-12-18
Publication date: 2018-06-28
Also published as: FR3060439A1; EP3554833A1; FR3060439B1

Abstract

Shape memory deformable article, said article (1) comprising a laminate (5), the laminate (5) comprising a plurality of structural layers (6) respectively having facing attachment surfaces, the structural layers (6) being elastically deformable, and at least one attachment layer (7) inserted between the attachment surfaces of the structural layers (6), the attachment layer (7) comprising a viscoelastic adhesive substance (8) that can be crosslinked to give an elastomer and is spread over at least a portion of the attachment surfaces of the structural layers (6), the adhesive substance (8) being at least partly crosslinked.

Description

Deformable shape memory article, method of manufacturing a deformable shape memory article and laminate obtained during the implementation of the manufacturing method The invention relates to a shape memory deformable article, to a method manufacturing a deformable shape memory article and a laminate obtained during the implementation of the manufacturing method. By deformable article shape memory means here an article having a certain shape, especially in three dimensions (3D), and able to elastically deform and return reversibly to this form after elastic deformation.

Deformable shape memory articles, such as ski mask frames, diving fins, plastic chairs and the like, are generally made by molding synthetic material and / or natural or synthetic rubber. Such a method of manufacture allows great flexibility in the products obtained, especially in terms of shapes and dimensions (eg adaptation to morphology, etc.). On the other hand, it requires the design of expensive and complex molds in particular because they require a surface condition with very low roughness. These molds are also associated with heavy and expensive production tool installations. This method of manufacture is not suitable for small or medium series. It offers, moreover, little flexibility in the implementation of the manufacturing process. Moreover, the articles resulting from this manufacturing process have little geometrical customization because of the need to mass-produce and do not enjoy a quality image because of the material used.

To improve this image, there are articles, for example chairs, consisting essentially of wood, that is to say more than 50% wood. From the point of view of consumers, such articles are not only enthusiastic for the feelings of well-being they can provide but also for the image of respect for the environment they can return. Thus, at sight or touch, the wood can give a reassuring impression of comfort and robustness. With the smell, the wood can evoke memories. Wood is, moreover, a natural resource, renewable and recyclable. From the manufacturers' point of view, these articles also have a number of advantages in terms of mechanical properties and costs.

In order to obtain complex 3D wood products, the wood matrix must be completely unstructured following a long, complex and expensive process. then the different layers of wood are glued by a rigid glue and the article has no elasticity, it is not in shape memory within the meaning of the invention. For non-destructured molded wood articles, the product obtained is rigid and / or in the case of plate product, it may bend but returns to the plate position as soon as the force is removed, ie the product fails to keep a given form, in particular 3D, other than plane. Previous shaped articles are generally obtained by high bending pressure processes, between molds and counter mold steel, with disadvantages similar to those mentioned above for the manufacture of plastic article. On the other hand, the known articles can only present relatively simple shapes, with deformation only following a radius and an angle. They can not, for example, present more complicated forms, especially in 3D, bending radii and bending angles varied or antagonistic.

WO 2011/101735 discloses, in particular, an article obtained from a laminate comprising layers of wood structure and a bonding layer interposed between the layers of wood structure and consisting of an adhesive substance made of elastomer crosslinkable. To allow deformation of the laminate to obtain a 3D article, metal structure layers are interposed between the wooden structure layers.

However, in WO 2011/101735, the structural layers are plastically deformed and the bonding layer is rigid after crosslinking. Although once formed, the metal structural layers have a certain resilience, the article obtained is not deformable shape memory within the meaning of the invention, that is to say that it can not deform elastically and return to this shape in 3D after elastic deformation. In addition, the article of document WO 2011/101735 imposes the presence of layers of metal structure and does not offer satisfactory modularity.

The invention aims to overcome the problems mentioned above.

For this purpose, according to a first aspect, the invention proposes a deformable article with shape memory, the article comprising a laminate, the laminate comprising:

a plurality of structural layers respectively having facing securing surfaces, the structural layers being elastically deformable, and

at least one bonding layer interposed between the bonding surfaces of the structural layers, the bonding layer comprising a crosslinkable adhesive substance made of elastomer and spread over at least a portion of the joining surfaces of the structural layers, the adhesive substance being at least partially crosslinked,

wherein the adhesive substance is viscoelastic.

Because of its viscoelastic nature, the adhesive substance is little or not subject to creep and allows relative sliding of the structural layers and thus a shear in the laminate which results in deformation capacities including flexion and torsion, including after crosslinking of the adhesive substance and, if appropriate, after shaping in 3D. Furthermore, this construction makes it possible to obtain, if desired, 3D curved or curved shapes and therefore much more complicated but also more pleasing to the eye and / or better adapted to the needs. The use of the viscoelastic adhesive substance enables low-pressure, controlled-thickness bonding and better management of the mechanical properties, including flexibility and elasticity, of the laminate to achieve the desired behavior of the resulting article. . The mechanical properties of the laminate may be modulated either locally or throughout the laminate by calibrating the thickness and / or modifying the composition of the adhesive substance as appropriate to the desired result in the manufacture of the article.

The resulting article has a large number of advantages among which a possibility of elastic and therefore reversible deformations, both in bending and torsion, and vibration damping.

The crosslinked adhesive substance may have an elongation at break of between 90% and 1500%, especially between 400% and 1200%.

The adhesive substance may have a dynamic viscosity at 20 C of between 200 mPa.s at 12500 mPa.s, preferably between 200 mPa.s and 7000 mPa.s.

The adhesive substance may be an adhesive sealant chosen from a one-component condensation-curable adhesive sealant and a bicomponent adhesive sealant curable by intercation, preferably at ambient humidity and / or by thermal activation and / or by actinic activation, said mastic glue being preferably chosen from polyurethanes, silane-modified polyurethanes, silicones, polysulfides, polyethers, modified polyethers silanes and mixtures thereof. It is also possible to consider adhesives based on natural rubber that can be crosslinked by vulcanization.

Alternatively, the adhesive substance may be of the hot melt type.

The bonding layer may have a maximum thickness, measured perpendicular to the bonding surfaces of the structural layers, of between 0.01 mm and 2 mm, in particular between 0.05 mm and 1.2 mm, preferably between 0.15 mm. and 1.2 mm. A thickness of the bonding layer of between 0.15 mm and 1.2 mm further promotes shearing within the bonding layer and improves the deformation capabilities of the article.

The laminate may have a maximum thickness, measured perpendicularly to the joining surfaces of the structural layers, less than or equal to 30 cm, preferably to 10 cm.

At least one of the structural layers may comprise a material having anisotropic mechanical behavior.

According to particular provisions, the invention aims at producing complex articles, in particular three-dimensional and in particular curved with possibly curves in different directions, of the type of those obtained by plastic molding, but in noble materials, ecological and durable, including the wood.

The article can consist essentially of wood, that is to say at least 50% wood, especially at least 70%, preferably at least 80% wood. At least one of the structural layers is then a wood sheet consisting essentially of wood, that is to say at least 50% wood, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 80% of wood.

It is thus possible to obtain an article having the same characteristics or even superior characteristics (for example, shape memory) than an article made of molded synthetic material (thermoformed or curved), while being of better quality (wood), more aesthetic ( and for example curved) and richer.

The wood sheet may have a maximum thickness, measured perpendicularly to the fastening surface, of between 0.1 mm and 5 mm.

The laminate can be shaped so as to have at least one curvature in at least one plane and generally several curvatures in several planes and / or in different directions, obtained by forming with die / punch or molding, and kept in shape by the adhesive substance. Such an article has, at rest, a non-planar 3D shape with curvatures in very different directions and a contour, while being deformable with shape memory.

It can be obtained simply and quickly by forming or molding the laminate.

In particular, because of its ability to be elastically deformed, the shaped article can easily be demolded and removed from the mold (mold / against mold, and / or matrix / punch) even in the case of complex shapes and with counterpacks . Molds or forming tools are therefore much simpler to make in case of shapes complex and the manufacturing process is much more flexible and less expensive than traditional plastic molding or injection molding processes. The manufacturing process is particularly suitable for the production of small series.

According to a second aspect, the invention proposes a method for manufacturing a deformable shape memory article, comprising:

an assembly step during which a laminate is produced, the laminate comprising a plurality of structural layers respectively having facing surfaces of joining, the structural layers being elastically deformable, and at least one joining layer interposed between the fastening surfaces of the structural layers, the bonding layer comprising a viscoelastic adhesive substance crosslinkable elastomer and extended over at least a portion of the bonding surfaces of the structural layers,

- A forming step in which the adhesive substance of the bonding layer undergoes crosslinking.

Such a manufacturing method may in particular be implemented to obtain an article as defined above.

In view of the use of the viscoelastic adhesive substance, the manufacturing method can be easily implemented with inexpensive low pressure molding material and process.

The manufacturing process may provide, during the assembly step, to vary a distribution of the adhesive substance of the bonding layer. In particular, the variation in the distribution of the adhesive substance may result in particular from a difference in the composition of the bonding layer or in the thickness of the bonding layer. It is thus possible to adapt the bonding layer to the particular application of the manufactured article. This adaptation can be made between different articles but also within the same article, depending on the desired behavior.

The manufacturing process may provide, during the assembly step, to vary a distribution of the adhesive substance of the bonding layer.

The manufacturing method may provide, during the forming step, to shape the laminate so as to have at least one curvature in at least one plane.

In particular, the manufacturing method can provide, during the forming step, to shape the article by pressing the laminate against a matrix or a mold, having the shape of the article. The matrix or the mold presents as appropriate a or several curvatures in one or more planes and especially in several directions, that is to say a more or less complex 3D shape. In particular, the matrix / mold may have recessed or raised areas.

During the assembly step, the bonding layer can be interposed between the bonding surfaces before crosslinking of the adhesive substance and, during the forming step, the laminate structure layers can be deformed before crosslinking of the adhesive substance. The article shaped from the curved laminate, i.e. having at least one curvature in at least one direction, can be recovered after crosslinking at least a portion of the adhesive substance.

The manufacturing method may further comprise a patronizing step in which the structure layers are cut according to the outline of the article. During the patronage stage:

all or some of the structural layers can be cut before assembly to produce the laminate according to the assembly step,

the laminate made at the assembly step can be cut, and / or

the article obtained after the forming step can be cut.

Preferably, the sponsoring step is implemented before interposing the bonding layer between the bonding surfaces of the structural layers and to produce the laminate. These provisions make it possible to release the intrinsic stresses of the structure layers before gluing and bending and thus allow greater deformations.

According to a third aspect, the invention provides a laminate obtained at the end of the assembly step of the manufacturing method as defined above, comprising a plurality of structural layers respectively having facing surfaces of solidarity, the layers of structure being elastically deformable, and at least one bonding layer interposed between the bonding surfaces of the structural layers, the bonding layer comprising a viscoelastic adhesive substance crosslinkable elastomer and extended over at least a portion of the bonding surfaces of the layers of structure, the adhesive substance being uncrosslinked.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of a particular embodiment of the invention given by way of non-limiting example, the description being made with reference to the appended drawings in which :

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation in perspective of an article consisting essentially of wood obtained by the implementation of an embodiment of the manufacturing method according to the invention, the article comprising a plurality of structural layers; consisting essentially of wood, and at least one bonding layer interposed between the structural layers, the bonding layer comprising a crosslinkable viscoelastic adhesive substance of elastomer,

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a patronizing step of the manufacturing process during which superposed structural layers are cut along an outline of the article;

FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of an assembly step of the manufacturing process during which the adhesive substance is deposited on at least one bonding surface of each cut structural layer before crosslinking of the adhesive substance,

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the assembly step of the manufacturing process during which the adhesive substance is spread on the bonding surface before crosslinking of the adhesive substance to form the bonding layer,

FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the assembly step of the manufacturing process during which a laminate is produced by interposing the bonding layers between the structural layers before crosslinking the adhesive substance,

FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a mold shaped according to a shape of the article,

FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a forming step of the manufacturing process during which the article is shaped by pressing the laminate on the mold so as to deform the laminate structure layers before cross-linking the adhesive substance, the laminate being pressed onto the mold by a vacuum tarpaulin subjected to a depression,

- Figure 8 is a schematic representation of a variant of the forming step of the manufacturing method of Figure 7 in which the laminate is pressed on the mold by a mold against.

In the figures, the same references designate identical or similar elements.

FIG. 1 schematically represents an embodiment of an article 1 obtained from a laminate 5 comprising several superimposed layers of structure 6 between which solidarity layers 7 are interposed. In the embodiment shown, without being limited thereto, article 1 is the armature 2 of a mask of protection for the eyes of a user during the practice of mountain activities in winter. The frame 2 comprises a frame 3 delimiting a recess 4.

In the embodiment shown, without being limited thereto, the laminate 5 consists essentially of wood, that is at least 50% wood, and in particular at least 70% wood, preferably at least 80% wood. One or more of the structural layers 6 are wood sheets consisting essentially of wood, that is to say at least 50% wood, and in particular at least 70% wood, preferably wood. at least 80% wood. The wood used for the wood sheets can be of any appropriate type in particular in terms of gasoline or provenance (natural, recycled, fall recovery, etc.). Depending on the properties and aesthetics sought, the structural layers 6 may also comprise elastically deformable sheets of other types than wood and in particular sheets of metal, plastic material, composite material, leather or other.

Each of the layers of structure 6 has opposite securing surfaces having a length L and a width 1 according to first D1 and second directions D2 perpendicular to each other, and a thickness e measured in a third direction D3 perpendicular to the first D1 and second D2 directions between the two fastening surfaces. Each layer of structure 6 has a thickness e reduced with respect to length L and width 1. Each wood sheet may in particular have a thickness of between 0.1 mm and 5 mm.

Each of the bonding layers 7 comprises an adhesive substance 8 made of crosslinkable or polymerizable elastomer. According to the invention, the adhesive substance has a viscoelastic behavior. In particular, the adhesive substance 8 may have an elongation at break of between 90% and 1500%, in particular between 400% and 1200%. For example, the adhesive substance 8 consists of a one-component adhesive seal that is cross-linkable by condensation, preferably at ambient humidity and / or by thermal activation and / or actinic activation. The adhesive mastic may be chosen from polyurethanes, silane-modified polyurethanes, silicones, polysulfides, polyethers, modified polyethers silanes and mixtures thereof. The adhesive substance 8 could consist of a two-component adhesive sealant crosslinkable by intercation. One can also consider natural rubber.

The adhesive substance 8 may have, in the uncrosslinked state, a viscosity suitable for application in a layer of substantially constant thickness or not, for example a dynamic viscosity at 20 ° C between 200 mPa.s at 12500 mPa.s, preferably between 200 mPa.s and 7000 mPa.s.

By interposing such an adhesive substance 8 between the fastening surfaces of the structural layers 6, a shear between the elastically deformable structure layers 6 is allowed so that the article 1 can be generally deformable and present a shape memory is that is, to be able to reversibly return to its original shape after deformation. It can also be shaped, -galbé-, so as to have one or more curvatures around one or more axes while preserving its deformable character shape memory. Article 1 may in particular have a three-dimensional shape such as that of the protective mask (ski mask) shown. An article having a certain shape in 3D and able to deform elastically and return to this shape in 3D after elastic deformation is thus obtained. This adhesive substance 8 is viscous, which makes it possible to adapt its concentration and / or the thickness within the same article or article to another so as to obtain the desired behavior.

The article 1 is obtained by the implementation of a manufacturing method of which a particular non-limiting embodiment is described in relation with FIGS. 2 to 8.

Plates in which the structure layers 6 are formed are stored. They include wooden plates in which the wood sheets are formed and possibly plates of any other nature suitable for the realization of the article 1. They include, for example, rectangular wood plates of 3500 mm in length, of 300 mm wide and 0.6 mm thick.

FIG. 2 illustrates a patronizing step during which the structure layers 6 are cut in accordance with a contour of the article 1. In the embodiment shown, the predefined plates 10 in small plates 11, for example 240 mm of length and 110 mm in width, are superimposed over a height h, for example 60 mm. The layers of structure 6 are then cut according to an outer contour of the frame 3 of the frame 2 and an inner contour of the recess 4 of the frame 2. The cutting of the structural layers 6 can be carried out in any appropriate manner and in particular by means of a laser cutter for making a precise cut, a punch for a series cut and / or a cutter for a linear cut. During the patronizing step, the wood sheets may be arranged in a desired orientation of the wood sheets in item 1, including 0 °, 90 °, + 45 ° or -45 °. This makes it possible to obtain a particular character of rigidity or flexion, orthotropic or pseudo-isotropic. The layers of structure 6 can be the subject of a treatment. For example, the wood sheets may be dyed in particular in a bath of aqueous hue. According to an advantageous embodiment, the wood sheets may undergo a surface treatment in order to facilitate the bonding.

FIGS. 3 to 5 show an assembly step of the manufacturing process consisting in producing the laminate 5 by interposing the bonding layers 7 between the layers of structure 6. In particular, in FIG. 3, the adhesive substance 8 is deposited, before crosslinking the adhesive substance 8, by any appropriate means, such as a pneumatic gun 16, on at least one of the joining surfaces of each structural layer 6. In FIG. 4, the adhesive substance 8 is spread out, for example by means of a manual sizing device 17, on the bonding surface before crosslinking of the adhesive substance 8 to form the bonding layer 7. Alternatively, the deposition and spreading of the adhesive substance 8 can be obtained by means of automated means. The bonding layer 7 may have a maximum thickness, measured perpendicularly to the bonding surfaces of the structural layers, of between 0.01 mm and 2 mm, in particular between 0.05 mm and 1.2 mm, preferably between 0.15 and 0.15 mm. mm and 1.2 mm. In FIG. 5, the structure layers 6 are stacked with the joining surface of one of the structure layers 6 facing the joining surface of the adjacent structure layer 6. The stacking is carried out before cross-linking of the adhesive substance 8, where appropriate in a sequence determined as to the orientation of the wood sheets.

At the end of this step, the laminate 5 having superimposed layers of structure 6 and bonding layers 7 interposed between the bonding surfaces, with the uncrosslinked adhesive substance 8 is obtained. The laminate 5 may have a thickness E measured perpendicular to the fastening surfaces of the layers of structure 6 less than 30 cm, preferably less than 10 cm, for example 3 cm.

In the embodiment shown, before crosslinking of the adhesive substance 8, the article 5 is shaped during a forming step of the laminate 5 so as to deform the structural layers 6. The laminate 5 then has a or several curvatures in different directions in one or more distinct and secant planes. In the illustrated embodiment, deformation is applied to maintain the wood sheets in the elastic domain. In a complementary or alternative way, depending on the materials of which the layers of structure 6 are made, the deformation applied may be elastic or plastic. In other embodiments, the laminate could remain flat, the forming step comprising only the crosslinking of the adhesive substance.

In particular, during this step of forming the article 1, the laminate 5 is pressed onto a mold 20, shown in FIG. 6, shaped according to a shape of the article 1. The mold 20 can be made in any suitable material, especially medium density fiberboard (MDF), composite material, plaster, aluminum or other, for example by 3D printing or strato-conception. In the embodiment shown, the mold 20 is a positive mold generally having the shape of the top of a face on which the armature 2 of the mask will apply.

The laminate 5 is placed on the mold 20 and positioned using rods 21 whose length corresponds substantially, for example to 10%, to the thickness E of the laminate 5 to avoid disturbing or reducing a pressure implemented. on the laminate 5 to deform the structural layers 6. Alternatively, the laminate 5 could be positioned and held in place by any suitable means. In particular, a recessed indentation in dashed lines in FIG. 6 could be provided in addition to or in replacement of the rods or any other member for holding the laminate.

In FIG. 7, to form the laminate 5, the laminate 5 is pressed onto the bending mold 20 by means of a vacuum press employing a vacuum membrane 22, for example made of silicone or polyurethane 600% elongation, subjected to a depression. In the embodiment shown, the shaping is obtained at a temperature between 15 ° C and 200 ° C, preferably between 25 ° C and 120 ° C, with a pressure of -0.9 bar applied for 7 to 24 minutes for a polyurethane adhesive substance and 15 seconds to 20 minutes for an adhesive substance 8 of the hotmelt type.

In a variant shown in FIG. 8, in order to bend the laminate 5, the laminate 5 can be pressed onto the mold 20 by a counter-mold 25.

In addition, in other embodiments, the shaping of the article 1 could be achieved by bending the laminate 5 by pressing it into a negative mold.

It is only after crosslinking of the adhesive substance 8 that it can maintain the curvatures of the laminate 5 resulting from its molding, while allowing the layers of structure 6 to slide relative to one another due to their viscoelastic nature, and that the shaped article 1 can be recovered in particular to undergo machining and finishing steps. The method is applicable to the production of other articles in forms and plates looking for the same flexibility and / or mechanical characteristics, and for example diving fins, furniture, packaging, bodywork, object art and deco, art piece, hull, sports accessories, design objects, glasses, container, play, interior and exterior panels, book cover, accessories protection and overall any article that can be designed with a laminate shaped or plate.

It is, moreover, specially adapted to the small series and customization of products in 3D wood-based form as described above, elastically deformable, that is to say able to return to their original form (for example , a shape given by a mold) after deformation under a determined effort (not exceeding their elastic limit).

Example

By way of nonlimiting example, a frame 2 of a protective mask similar to that shown in the figures has been manufactured from a laminate comprising:

- 5 sheets of 0.6 mm thick wood in beech and an additional wood sheet forming an external face of the frame,

- One-component polyurethane adhesive mastic with 600% elongation at break, 0.1 mm thick, for the bonding layers.

During the forming step, the laminate 5 was shaped in a mold at a pressing temperature of 80 ° C for 30 minutes.

Claims

Deformable shape memory article, characterized in that the article comprises a laminate (5), the laminate (5) comprising:

a plurality of structural layers (6) respectively having facing surfaces, the structural layers (6) being elastically deformable, and

- At least one bonding layer (7) interposed between the bonding surfaces of the structural layers (6), the bonding layer (7) comprising an adhesive substance (8) crosslinkable elastomer and extended on at least a portion of the surfaces for joining the structural layers (6), the adhesive substance (8) being at least partially cross-linked,

wherein the adhesive substance (8) is viscoelastic.

2. Article according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive substance (8) crosslinked has an elongation at break of between 90% and 1500%, in particular between 400% and 1200%.

3. Article according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the adhesive substance (8) has a dynamic viscosity at 20 ° C between 200 mPa.s and 12500 mPa.s, preferably between 200 mPa.s and 7000 mPa.s.

4. Article according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the adhesive substance (8) is an adhesive sealant selected from a mastic component adhesive curable crosslinkable by condensation and a bicomponent sealant crosslinkable interaction, preferably at least one ambient humidity and / or by thermal activation and / or actinic activation, said adhesive mastic being preferably chosen from polyurethanes, modified silane polyurethanes, silicones, polysulfides, polyethers, modified polyethers silanes and mixtures thereof.

5. Article according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the bonding layer has a maximum thickness, measured perpendicularly to the bonding surfaces of the structural layers, between 0.15 mm and 1.2 mm.

6. Article according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the laminate has a maximum thickness, measured perpendicular to the bonding surfaces of the structural layers, less than or equal to 30 cm, preferably 10 cm.

7. Article according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one of the structural layers (6) comprises a material having an anisotropic mechanical behavior.

8. Article according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which consists essentially of wood, wherein at least one of the structural layers (6) is a wood sheet consisting essentially of wood.

9. Article according to claim 8, wherein the wood sheet has a maximum thickness, measured perpendicularly to the bonding surface, between 0.1 mm and 5 mm.

An article according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the laminate is shaped to have at least one curvature in at least one plane.

A method of manufacturing a deformable shape memory article (1), comprising:

an assembly step in the course of which a laminate (5) is produced, the laminate comprising a plurality of structural layers (6) presenting respective facing surfaces, the structural layers (6) being elastically deformable, and at least one bonding layer (7) interposed between the bonding surfaces of the structural layers (6), the bonding layer (7) comprising an adhesive substance (8) viscoelastic crosslinkable elastomer and extended over at least a portion of joining surfaces of the structural layers (6),

- A forming step in which the adhesive substance (8) of the bonding layer (7) undergoes crosslinking.

12. The manufacturing method according to claim 11, providing, during the assembly step, to vary a distribution of the adhesive substance (8) of the bonding layer (7).

13. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 11 and 12, providing, during the forming step, to shape the laminate so that it has at least one curvature in at least one plane.

14. The manufacturing method according to claim 13, providing, during the forming step, to shape the article (1) by pressing the laminate (5) against a mold, preferably a bending mold (20). ) having the form of item (1).

Laminate (5) obtained at the end of the assembling step of the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, comprising a plurality of structural layers (6) respectively having fastening surfaces facing each other. , the structural layers (6) being elastically deformable, and at least one bonding layer (7) interposed between the bonding surfaces of the structural layers (6), the bonding layer (7) comprising an adhesive substance (8) crosslinkable viscoelastic elastomer and extended over at least a portion of the bonding surfaces of the structural layers (6), the adhesive substance (8) being uncrosslinked.