Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
  • H02S20/10—Supporting structures directly fixed to the ground
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
  • F16B9/00—Connections of rods or tubular parts to flat surfaces at an angle
  • F16B9/05—Connections of rods or tubular parts to flat surfaces at an angle by way of an intermediate member
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
  • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
  • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
  • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

• the invention relates to a photovoltaic (PV) system with a plurality of bifacial photovoltaic modules, which are arranged upright on a support structure.
• the invention further relates to a PV system with at least one bifacial PV module, which is arranged upright on a support structure.
• An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a PV system in which several bifacial PV modules can be mounted in a vertical arrangement and which meets the special requirements of bifacial modules.
• a supporting structure fer ⁇ term is not only inexpensive but also a speedy and therefore schünsti ⁇ tot up the PV system allows.
• the support structure should have a sufficient stability when typi ⁇ rule weather conditions.
• the invention thus provides a supporting structure in which the posts and bars are fastened at preferably regular intervals and preferably at right angles. connected to each other, so that each two posts and two bars define a rectangular mounting field, in which a bifacial PV module is used in vertical suspension. This allows the PV modules to collect sunlight on both sides in order to convert it into electrical energy.
• the overlap between fastening ⁇ and holding section may be configured additionally rotatable.
• the two sections of a post can be rotated against each other at the request of the corresponding contact surfaces or be twisted. This can be achieved for example by a planar configuration of the contact surface ⁇ so that fastening and Garab cut ⁇ lie against one another in the assembled state back to back.
• a rotatable embodiment of the overlap a rotation of the longitudinal axes of the two sections of the post is made possible against each other, whereby a verbes ⁇ serter compensation of skew alignments of the mounting portion is achieved, which can arise during the foundation of ⁇ same.
• the invention provides that formed on the post holding surfaces on which an associated latch is sur fa ⁇ chig fastened. Due to the flat abutment of a strap on a retaining surface, forces and moments introduced by the latch can be effectively absorbed by the post.
• holes, slots or the like can be provided on straps and / or flanges to facilitate the attachment of the bolt by means of screws or the like.
• a serving as a holding surface flange may extend according to the invention, in particular along an entire holding portion of a post; the flange can thus be part of a profile; but it may also be added later to a post, for example by welding.
• profiles which have only simple flanges at their ends for example an S-profile
• flanges on posts can also merely be provided to increase the bending stiffness of the posts.
• through-openings are formed on the post to each receive a bolt or its end.
• the formation of through-openings has the advantage that tilting of the posts against each other and associated variations in the distances between the posts can be easily compensated by the bars are more or less deeply inserted into the insertion openings. It is understood that it is advantageous for a simple assembly, if the insertion opening is designed to be slightly larger than the latch to be absorbed by it. OF INVENTION ⁇ dung according to particular can be provided, however, that the through-opening of at least times the 1,25- in the vertical direction, preferably at least 1.5 times the height of a bar has.
• the holding portion of the post is formed in the form of an omega profile.
• an omega profile two horizontally adjacent bars can be gripped on both sides by the two open ends of the omega profile, which can be formed by a parallel flange pair running along the profile.
• a closed power flow can be formed in the omega profile.
• individual bars can be guided by through openings formed in side surfaces of the omega profile.
• this embodiment can thus be left and right of a designed as an omega profile post bolt mounted on a pair of flanges extending on one side of the post. This is a particularly easy to install yet robust design of the support ⁇ design called.
• a similarly robust connection between posts and bars using through openings can be achieved according to the invention if at least the holding section of the post is designed in the form of a C or U profile.
• through openings can be formed on side surfaces of the respective profile, which have straightened tabs, which in turn provide holding surfaces for mounting bars.
• the height of the lug is more than 1.25 times the height of a bar, preferably at least 1.5 times the height of a bar.
• a tab, or a pair of tabs an insertion opening thus high enough to hold two bars.
• a higher embossing opening can still be useful in accordance with the invention to allow improved compensation of the mounting height of bars.
• individual insertion openings have the height of a bolt at least twice, in particular at least three times.
• a bolt or two bars in particular be placed in an insertion opening, wherein, by the larger configuration of the insertion opening, the mounting height of the bolt, relie ⁇ the bolt, with respect to the insertion opening may be variable, ie in particular Mounting can be varied. This makes it possible to achieve height compensation, which is particularly advantageous in wavy AufStellbeck.
• a further embodiment of the invention provides that only one bar is placed in a push-through opening, while another bar is located on one side of the post opposite the push-through opening without Through opening and is mounted by means of support members formed on the post.
• the latch guided through the insertion opening is mounted on the opposite side of the post on the same holding surface as the further latch.
• a Ausgestal ⁇ tion of the invention may be provided in particular that on a holding surface a plugged through an insertion opening latch and another latch are attached.
• a further embodiment according to the invention provides that the posts have a profile with a C-shaped or U-shaped basic shape at least in the or a holding section.
• additional holding surfaces may be formed as flanges at the ends of the profile. The flanges can either be formed during the manufacture of the profile or subsequently fixed to the profile.
• the posts have at least in the or a holding section a profile with a Z-shaped or S-shaped basic shape, wherein at the ends of the profile additional holding surfaces are formed as flanges.
• S-shaped profiles are sometimes also commercially known as "Z-plus” profiles. "Additional holding surfaces / flanges" here, as already before in the C- or U-shaped profiles, so to understand that the basic form of Profile is already given without the flanges, even if they are already generated during the production of the profile.
• the PV modules are fastened to the bars.
• these holding elements provide groove sections into which an edge of the respective PV module is inserted or inserted, preferably waiving a non-positive connection.
• the groove sections may be lined with a plastic or elastic material, preferably EPDM, in order to protect the PV modules from damage.
• EPDM plastic or elastic material
• the PV modules in the region of the groove sections are preferably gripped on both sides by the respective holding element, so that secure holding of the PV modules can be ensured.
• two opposite groove sections are formed on the holding elements.
• a single retaining element can hold two opposing PV modules. It is advantageous if the two groove sections extend in a common plane. Additionally or alternatively, it can also be provided that the two Groove portions are each arranged centrally in relation to lateral outer surfaces of the retaining element.
• the holding elements each have a, preferably rectangular, Querterrorismsverjün ⁇ tion. At the point at which the cross section changes, a stop can thus be formed on the retaining element.
• the holding element can be inserted or plugged into a opening formed on a latch up to a defined insertion depth.
• the bars in particular centrally arranged, have through-openings corresponding to the holding elements. These insertion openings on the bars can in particular be designed such that slipping of the holding elements in the longitudinal direction of the bar is excluded.
• a significant advantage of this configuration is that it is of sufficient ⁇ a rugged positioning of the PV modules to fix the holding element in the region of an upper groove in which the holding member receiving bolt, for example by means of a locking screw; An additional attachment in the region of the second, lower groove is thus unnecessary.
• the holding elements can be formed in a respective lower region surrounding a lower holding groove narrower than in an upper region, which is advantageous in order to avoid shading of the PV modules.
• a contact surface is formed with the the holding element rests flat against the latch.
• a further optimization of the holding elements according to the invention ⁇ ment provides that they have a Abschrä ⁇ tion on a bottom, so that shading of a PV module can be avoided, which is inserted into a lower groove of the holding element.
• groove sections are formed on the bars, in which a respective PV module can be inserted. These grooves may be at play ⁇ ⁇ also forms only on an upper surface of a bar to be and / or in particular extend over the entire length of a bar.
• the advantage here is that the PV modules can be used during assembly directly into the grooves of the bolt, so that the number of to be mounted holding elements can be reduced. This procedure can reduce assembly costs and thus save costs.
• the invention has also recognized that it may be advantageous to design the support structure so that a, in particular agricultural, management of the area on which the PV system is to be set up, in particular of management clearances between individual rows, remains possible.
• the invention provides that a free space is kept between the soil and a lowermost bar of the supporting structure.
• This space may according to the invention at least 50 cm, preferably at least 60 cm, more preferably at least 1 m in height. It is understood that the free space is thus only interrupted by the necessary posts.
• the rows of the PV system are arranged so spaced that between the rows management clearance with a width of at least 6 meters, at least 8 meters or at least 10 meters be ⁇ stands.
• the PV modules form the support structure is substantially a plane. Accordingly, the posts can be set up along a substantially straight line. From a certain minimum width of the Aufsteil constitutional the PV modules can also be arranged in several rows. It is advantageous if these rows, preferably evenly spaced from each other. For according to the invention, depending on the height of a row of the PV system, a minimum distance to a row adjacent in the direction of the sun may be selected such that shading of the active areas of the PV modules by the adjacent row is largely precluded. In this case, it is also possible to provide rows with different heights, that is, for example, with a different number of PV modules arranged one above the other.
• the PV modules are aligned substantially in the north-south direction.
• the surface normals of the two active sides of a bifacial PV module face east and west, respectively.
• Angular deviations of +/- 30 0 can be provided, which is why the orientation is described as "substantially" running in the north-south direction.
• Shadows are known to be disadvantageous because the individual cells of a PV module are typically connected in series with cell strings and thus the least-exposed cell limits the actual current flowing.
• bypass diodes which are provided by default in PV modules, to minimize the effects of partial shading of the active surface of a PV module.
• the exclusive use of bypass diodes to minimize the effects of shading tion is associated with considerable disadvantages. For example, when a bypass diode turns on to electrically bridge a shadowed area of an active area, there is a great deal of heat.
• such an approach is not acceptable, since a frequent heat development can negatively affect the life of the PV modules.
• Insbeson ⁇ particular is thus active surfaces of a photovoltaic system with at least one bifacial PV module, which can be in particular further formed by the above-described embodiments of the support structure
• the invention proposes to solve the aforementioned object, that an electrical inter- connection PV system, in particular all the active surfaces, is chosen so that active FLAE ⁇ chen the electrical connection, which are located at different heights, are operable at different electrical operating points.
• provision can be made, in particular, for upper active areas (that are arranged at the top) to be electrically connected in parallel to lower active areas (that are arranged at the bottom).
• upper active surfaces can be serially connected miteinan ⁇ and / or lower active surfaces can be connected in series.
• active surfaces so in particular PV modules as a whole, which are arranged at approximately the same height, can be connected in series. If active areas of the PV system, which are arranged in approximately the same height, connected in series, so it can be spoken of an electric line according to the invention.
• An embodiment of the invention therefore proposes to apply electrically separate electrical lines by serial interconnection of active surfaces, to arrange these electrical lines at different heights and preferably to operate the electrical lines electrically connected in parallel.
• the flow rates vary in the individual electrical lines, which is synonymous with the statement that active surfaces in different ⁇ electrical lines in different working points, ie in particular at different currents, are operable.
• the invention has thus recognized that an electrical line can be formed across several bifacial PV modules, so that in particular not every bifacial PV module has to be connected to its own inverter, which can save costs.
• a row may be shorter, in particular, than a row of posts with PV modules mounted therebetween. Because with serial interconnection of active surfaces, the electrical voltages generated in them add up, so that typically the number of active surfaces to be connected in series with each other has to be limited.
• a spe ⁇ -specific using an inventive PV plant is provided as described above.
• an inventive PV-An ⁇ location in particular as described before and / or after a used ⁇ art of directed to a photovoltaic system claims, that the PV module during the Stromer ⁇ generation in be aligned in a north-south direction.
• angular deviations can be provided by +/- 30 0 according to the invention, therefore, the orientation is described as "approximately" in the north-south direction to extend.
• Fig. 1 is a dimetric view of an inventive
• Fig. 11 is a side view of a PV system according to the invention with two rows of posts, which are placed at a distance.
• Fig. 12 shows an inventive electrical interconnection of
• the two latch 5 designed as a through-opening port 14 is provided on the post 4 in Figure 3, by carrying out the bolt 5 and turned ⁇ are inserted.
• the opening 14 itself has been created by a punching on the C-profile 12 of the post 4.
• the two tabs 13 shown in Figure 3 can be produced in a relatively simple manner, which serve as holding surfaces 10 according to the invention.
• the two bars 5 can be easily and variably attached to the two tabs 13 by means of screws with a self-tapping thread and corresponding bores.
• FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of retaining surfaces 10 according to the invention.
• the post 4 more precisely its upper holding section 8, is configured by means of an omega profile 12.
• the omega profile 12 has two flanges 11, which, unlike the tabs 13 in Figure 3, along the entire Run length of the omega profile 12 and can be used in an advantageous manner as holding surfaces 10 according to the invention.
• the left latch 5 is merely inserted into the omega profile 12, while the right latch 5 is guided through an insertion opening 14 which is formed in a side surface of the post 4.
• both bars 5 can be fastened one above the other to the paired holding surfaces 10 of the omega profile 12.
• FIG. 10 shows how shading of the active surfaces 9 can be prevented by a spacing of the active surfaces 9 according to the invention of the two illustrated PV modules 2 from the transversely extending latch 5. Since FIG. 10 shows a cross section through a horizontally extending latch 5, the sun ray illustrated falls obliquely from above as well as generally laterally onto the lower PV module 2.
• ⁇ By the spacing of the active surface 9 of the lower PV module 2 as shown in FIG. 10 of the bolt 5 thus provided is ⁇ , a maximum angle of incidence defined to which sunlight can impinge on the active area shadowing 9. In FIG. 10, this angle of incidence would correspond precisely to the angle which the incident sunbeam with its projection on the vertically extending sectional plane of FIG.
• FIGS. 14 and 15 each show a cross-sectional view through an upper and a lower latch 5, respectively represented by the hatched areas, of a support structure 3 according to the invention.
• the bifacial PV modules 2 are suspended from the support structure 3 such that they are suspended can pivot about an axis of rotation 25, as indicated by the double arrows, as soon as a significant wind load on the PV modules 2 acts.
• the axis of rotation 25 in this case runs before Trains t ⁇ approximately parallel to the bars 5. According to the invention, it may be advantageous if the pivoting movement of the PV modules is attenuated by an additional device. 2

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
• Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
• Connection Of Plates (AREA)
• Supports For Plants (AREA)
• Foundations (AREA)
• Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
• Prostheses (AREA)
• Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

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• 2016
  • 2016-12-23 DE DE102016015436.5A patent/DE102016015436A1/de active Granted
• 2017
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• 2019
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• 2022
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• 2023
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