WO2018113626A1 - 一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构及其工作方法 - Google Patents

一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构及其工作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018113626A1
WO2018113626A1 PCT/CN2017/116945 CN2017116945W WO2018113626A1 WO 2018113626 A1 WO2018113626 A1 WO 2018113626A1 CN 2017116945 W CN2017116945 W CN 2017116945W WO 2018113626 A1 WO2018113626 A1 WO 2018113626A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
door
rack
actuator
opening
closing
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PCT/CN2017/116945
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
弗洛里安·格雷斯
周匡
魏礼芳
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裕克施乐塑料制品太仓有限公司
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Publication of WO2018113626A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018113626A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E05F15/608—Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for revolving wings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/70—Power-operated mechanisms for wings with automatic actuation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a household appliance, in particular to an actuator with an automatic opening and closing function.
  • an automatic door opening structure of the household appliance wherein the door body is fixedly connected with the rack, the rack is meshed with the gear, and the gear is driven by the motor.
  • Two point sensors are respectively disposed on two ends of the rack near the switch door position, and an inductive switch is fixedly disposed near the rack, the point sensor is matched with the inductive switch, the inductive switch is connected to the controller, and the controller controls the motor, thereby Realize automatic opening and closing of household appliances.
  • the simple opening and closing door structure can only open and close the door, and it is impossible to stop the door in other set positions.
  • an abnormally large torque is generated, which causes damage to the opening and closing mechanism.
  • the present invention discloses an actuator with an automatic door opening function, which can realize an automatic opening and closing of a door, pushing or pulling a door to a set position when the door is opened or closed, and an excessive thrust when encountering an obstacle or an operator Automatically slips to prevent damage to the actuator caused by abnormally high torque.
  • the present invention discloses an actuator with an automatic door opening function, including a rack, a clutch gear mechanism, a reduction gear mechanism, a micro switch device, a trigger device, and a motor, wherein the reduction gear mechanism is The motor is driven, one end of the clutch gear mechanism meshes with the reduction gear mechanism, the other end is meshed with the rack, and the micro switch device is electrically connected with the motor; the rack is provided with a set of recesses; the trigger device is disposed on the rack and the micro motion Between the switching devices, and can be swung under the push of the rack.
  • the motor and reduction gear mechanism can be replaced by a planetary gearbox integrated gear motor.
  • This design can realize the design of automatic opening and closing door, micro switch device and rack recess, which can push or pull the door to different setting positions when opening and closing the door; the clutch gear mechanism is designed to encounter obstacles or operators. When the thrust is too large, it can automatically slip, which can prevent the abnormal large torque from causing damage to the actuator, and is more user-friendly, so that the user's operating experience is better.
  • the clutch gear mechanism includes a left ratchet mechanism and a right ratchet mechanism, and the left ratchet mechanism and the right ratchet mechanism are relatively rotatable, wherein the left ratchet mechanism is provided with a left a ratchet, a first gear meshed with the reduction gear mechanism, and a screw fixedly coupled to the left ratchet and the first gear, and the right ratchet mechanism is provided with a right ratchet, a second gear meshing with the rack, and a right ratchet and a second gear Fixed connection sleeve, compression bomb The spring is disposed in the hollow cylinder of the sleeve, the screw passes through the sleeve and the compression spring, and the left ratchet is engaged with the right ratchet.
  • the triggering device comprises a leaf spring and a trigger lever
  • the trigger lever is provided with a convex portion adapted to the shape of the micro switch contact of the micro switch device
  • the swinging rod portion is adapted to the shape of the recessed portion of the rack.
  • One end of the leaf spring is provided with a U-shaped mounting portion, and the other end is connected to the swinging rod portion and is adapted to the shape of the swinging rod portion.
  • the recessed portion of the rack cooperates with the triggering device to press or release the microswitch contact to activate or stop the motor, thereby ensuring the distance of the rack switch door.
  • the recessed portion includes a first recessed portion having a trapezoidal shape, and a second recessed portion having a V shape
  • the micro switch device includes opposite sides disposed on opposite sides of the rack The first micro switch and the second micro switch, wherein the first recess is disposed on a side of the rack close to the first micro switch, and the second recess is disposed on a side of the rack close to the second micro switch.
  • the design is more intelligent, and the recesses in different positions can realize that the door stays in a plurality of positions when the rack door is opened and closed, and the functions of opening, closing and self-locking can be realized, which is convenient for the user to use.
  • the reduction gear mechanism is a planetary gear set or a worm gear set. This design utilizes the forward and reverse drive of the motor to drive the reduction gear mechanism, and the reduction gear mechanism provides low speed and high torque to the rack to realize the function of pushing and closing the door.
  • one end of the rack is provided with a hole adapted to the shape of the automatic door lock.
  • the design of the hole is matched with the buckle of the automatic door lock, so that the automatic door lock and the rack can be fastened to realize the function of automatically closing and locking.
  • the working method of the above-mentioned actuator with the function of automatically opening and closing the door 1) when the door is opened and closed, the rack is turned on by the trigger device, the motor circuit is in the on state; 2) the motor is rotating forward or Reverse, and drive the rack to extend or push to close the door; 3) During the process of extending or retracting the rack, when a set of recesses of the rack passes the trigger device, the trigger device leaves the micro switch device The micro switch device is disconnected, the motor circuit is disconnected; 4) the motor stops running, the door stops at the set position, and the recesses at different positions of a group of recessed portions correspond to different set positions of the door.
  • the rack when the door is stopped at the set closing position, the rack can be moved a certain distance without touching the micro switch device, and when the door is closed, the automatic door lock is performed automatically. After the lock, the actuator locks the door and creates a self-locking force. The sliding of the rack within a certain distance does not touch the first micro switch, and the locking of the door can be realized within this distance.
  • the automatic door lock of the drawer transmits a signal to the ECU after self-locking, and the ECU controls the actuator to lock the door and ensure Self-locking force.
  • the initial speed and the final speed of the opening and closing door are both smaller than the intermediate speed.
  • the intermediate speed is high, you can quickly open the door to a certain position.
  • the speed is lowered to prevent the rack from being triggered by the inertia.
  • the gap crosses the micro switch, which causes the actuator to accept the signal given by the micro switch.
  • the actuator with the function of automatically opening and closing the door according to the present invention has a reasonable structure and low cost, and can realize automatic opening and closing of doors, encountering obstacles or operating personnel.
  • the thrust When the thrust is large, it can automatically slip, which can prevent the abnormal mechanism from causing damage to the actuator.
  • It can realize that the door stays in the set position when the door is opened and closed, and can open the door, open the door to a certain distance for exhaust heat dissipation, close the door and
  • the self-locking function is more user-friendly and the user's operating experience is better.
  • the household appliance provided by the present invention comprises a household appliance body, a drawer, an automatic door lock door lock disposed on the drawer, and an actuator with an automatic door opening function, and the actuator with an automatic door opening function is disposed in the household appliance
  • the body is connected to the automatic door lock of the drawer, and the actuator with the function of automatically opening and closing the door has the above technical effects. It can be applied to a variety of household appliances, including dishwashers, dryers, washing machines, etc. It has good adaptability and high promotion value.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of a first embodiment of an actuator with an automatic door opening function according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded structural view of a first embodiment of an actuator with an automatic door opening function according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a detailed structural diagram of an actuator triggering device with an automatic door opening function according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a structural view of a reduction gear mechanism of a second embodiment of an actuator with an automatic door opening function according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a third embodiment of an actuator with an automatic door opening function according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a third embodiment of the actuator with the function of automatically opening and closing the door according to the present invention, the rack is matched with the door lock;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a state in which an actuator with an automatic door opening function is in a door opening state according to the present invention.
  • An actuator with an automatic door opening function includes a rack 1, a clutch gear mechanism 2, a reduction gear mechanism 3, a micro switch device 4, a trigger device 5, and a motor 6 .
  • the clutch gear mechanism 2 includes a left ratchet mechanism 8 and a right ratchet mechanism 9, and the left ratchet mechanism 8 and the right ratchet mechanism 9 are relatively rotatable, wherein the left ratchet mechanism 8 is provided with a left ratchet 81 and meshed with the reduction gear mechanism 3.
  • a fixed connection sleeve 93, a compression spring 10 is disposed in the hollow cylinder of the sleeve 93, the screw 83 passes through the sleeve 93 and the compression spring 10, and the left ratchet 81 is engaged with the right ratchet 91, and the compression spring 10 is coupled with one end.
  • the spring mounting portion 84 provided by the screw 83 is connected, and one end is provided with a spring seat 15, and the nut 16 is disposed at the end of the screw 83, and the spring seat 15 is pressed against the compression spring 10.
  • the reduction gear mechanism 3 includes a third gear 31 and a fourth gear 32 that are coaxially disposed, a fifth gear 33 that meshes with the fourth gear 32, a sixth gear 34 that meshes with the fifth gear 33, and a sixth gear 34.
  • the reduction worm 35 is disposed coaxially, wherein the reduction worm 35 meshes with the first gear 82 of the clutch gear mechanism 2, and the third gear 31 meshes with the motor worm 61 of the motor 6.
  • the third gear 31 and the first gear 82 are in the form of a worm gear or a helical gear.
  • the motor rotates the drive reduction gear mechanism 3 in the forward and reverse directions, and the low speed and high torque is supplied to the clutch gear mechanism 2 through the reduction gear mechanism 3, and the clutch gear mechanism 2 drives the rack 1 to realize the functions of pushing and closing the door.
  • the micro switch device 4 includes a first micro switch 41 and a second micro switch 42 which are disposed on opposite sides of the rack 1.
  • the first micro switch 41 is connected with the first wire 43 and the first interface 44, and the second micro
  • the movable switch 42 is connected to the second wire 45 and the second interface 46, wherein the motor 6 is connected to the second interface 46 through the second wire 45.
  • the trigger device 5 is disposed between the rack 1 and the micro switch device 4, and can be swung under the push of the rack 1.
  • the trigger device 5 includes a leaf spring 51 and a trigger lever 52.
  • the trigger lever 52 is provided with a micro switch device. 4 micro switch contacts
  • the shape-adapted convex portion 521 and the swinging rod portion 522 adapted to the shape of the recessed portion 7 provided in the rack 1 are provided with a U-shaped mounting portion 511 at one end and the swing rod portion 522 at the other end. And it is adapted to the shape of the swing lever portion 522.
  • the rack 1 pushes the leaf spring 51 and the trigger lever 52 to cause the convex portion 521 of the trigger lever 52 to press the micro switch contact, and the motor 6 circuit is in an ON state
  • the trigger lever 52 swings under the restoring force of the leaf spring 51 to a state of entering the recessed portion 7, at which time the convex portion 521 of the trigger lever 52 releases the micro switch contact, and the motor 6 circuit is disconnected, and the motor 6 Stop running and the door stops at the set position.
  • the recessed portion 7 includes a first recessed portion 71 having a trapezoidal shape, and a second recessed portion 72 having a V shape, wherein the first recessed portion 71 is disposed on a side of the rack 1 adjacent to the first microswitch 41, and the second recessed portion 72 is disposed on the side of the rack 1 adjacent to the second micro switch 42.
  • the door can be stopped at a plurality of positions when the rack door is opened and closed, and the functions of opening, opening the door to a certain distance for exhaust heat dissipation, closing the door and self-locking can be realized, corresponding to closing and self-locking.
  • the functionally disposed trapezoidal first recessed portion 71 can realize the sliding of the rack 1 within a certain distance without touching the first micro switch 41. Within this distance, the drawer door can be lightly pushed to close the door, and the automatic door lock of the drawer is self-locked.
  • One end of the rack 1 is provided with a hole 11 adapted to the shape of the automatic door lock 19, and the buckle of the automatic door lock 19 can realize the clamping connection between the automatic door lock and the rack, and realize the function of automatically closing and locking the teeth.
  • the other ends of the strip 1 are provided with symmetrically shaped protrusions 17 on both sides.
  • the protrusion springs 18 correspond to the shape and position of the protrusions 17, and can function to close the door and issue a door closing sound.
  • the actuator with the function of automatically opening and closing the door further comprises a housing 12 for mounting the components, a cover plate 13, and a pressure plate 14 for fixing the gear, and the pressure plate 14 positions and fixes the gear, and the design is compact and realized.
  • the installation and coverage of each component improves safety, and the design of the pressure plate realizes the positioning and fixing of the gear to prevent vibration.
  • the actuator combines with the ECU control system to realize the protection function of the system to stop the power supply and stop the door opening mechanism when the current suddenly rises.
  • the clutch gear mechanism 2 can also be used in place of the ratchet structure described above by friction to achieve the functions of clutching and differential.
  • the reduction gear mechanism 3 includes a first helical gear 36, a second helical gear 37, and a third helical gear 38, wherein the third helical gear 38 Engaged with the first gear 82 of the clutch gear mechanism 2 and the first gear 82 is in the form of a worm, the first helical gear 36 meshes with the motor worm 61 of the motor 6.
  • the worm gear is designed as a helical gear, so that the worm gear design will not be controlled and influenced by the characteristic coefficient.
  • the diameter of the pitch circle can be determined according to the structure at will. After the worm gear is changed into a helical gear, no design is needed. And the production of special hobs to produce worm gears, the use of ordinary gear hobs can produce helical gears, the process is simple, manufacturing costs are greatly reduced.
  • the other structure is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • a household appliance of the present invention includes a home appliance body, a drawer 20, an automatic door lock 19 disposed on the drawer 20, and an actuator having the above-described function of automatically opening and closing the door, the belt automatically
  • the actuator for opening and closing the door function is disposed on the body of the household appliance and is connected to the automatic door lock 19 of the drawer 20.
  • the actuator with automatic door opening and closing function can also be applied to various household appliances, including dishwashers, dryers, washing machines, and the like.
  • the reduction gear mechanism 3 is a planetary gear set, and the planetary gear set and the motor 6 are integrated, and the planetary gear box is integrally decelerated. Motor.
  • the other structure is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the working method of an actuator with an automatic door opening function of the present invention is as follows:
  • the motor 6 rotates forward or reverse, and drives the rack 1 to extend to push the door or retreat to close the door;
  • the rack 1 When the door is stopped at the set closing position, the rack 1 can be moved a certain distance without touching the micro switch device 4, in which the drawer door can be lightly pushed to close the door, and when the door is closed, the automatic door lock 19 of the drawer is performed.
  • the signal is transmitted to the ECU, and the ECU controls the actuator to lock the door panel to generate a self-locking force, that is, to ensure the self-locking force between the rack 1 and the automatic door lock 19;
  • the structure inside the automatic door lock 19 is displaced by pushing the door, the trigger signal is commanded to the ECU (electronic control unit), and the actuator motor 6 drives the rack 1 to push the door panel to realize the automatic door opening function.
  • the ECU controls the motor 6 to operate, the driving rack 1 is extended, and the door of the drawer 20 is pushed open.
  • the second recessed portion 72 of the rack 1 passes the triggering device 5 on the side of the second micro switch 42, the triggering device 5 Leaving the second micro switch device 42 to disconnect the second micro switch device 42, the signal is transmitted to the ECU, the circuit of the motor 6 is disconnected, the operation is stopped, the rack 1 is stopped, and the drawer 20 is held at the position, that is, the drawer is opened;
  • the ECU controls the motor 6 to operate in the reverse direction, the driving rack 1 is retracted, and the door of the drawer 20 is pulled.
  • the triggering device 5 on the side of the first micro switch 41 the triggering device 5 Leaving the first micro switch device 41 causes the first micro switch device 41 to be turned off, the signal is transmitted to the ECU, the automatic door lock 19 of the drawer 20 is self-locking, and the actuator locks the door to generate a self-locking force.
  • the initial speed and the final speed of the opening and closing door are smaller than the intermediate speed, that is, the speed of opening and closing the door is adjustable, and the adjustable range is 15-40 mm/s.
  • the preferred speed control method is as follows:
  • the whole process of opening the door is 4 seconds, which can be divided into 3 segments.
  • the initial speed of opening the door is 20mm/s for 1 second, the middle segment is 2mm for 40mm/s, and the third segment is for 1 second. 20mm/s, (where the time period can be divided into 3 segments or 4 segments, etc., the speed can be adjusted within the parameter range).
  • the advantage of slow initial opening is that the speed is low and the torque is large. The door can be opened slowly for a small gap.
  • the door After two seconds, the door is quickly opened to a certain position, and then the speed is lowered at the end to prevent the rack 1 from being Finally, due to the inertia, the recess 7 on the rack 1 (which triggers the notch of the microswitch) passes over the microswitch, causing the actuator to fail to accept the signal given by the microswitch trigger.
  • the whole process of closing the door is 4 seconds, which can be divided into 3 segments.
  • the initial speed of opening the door is 20mm/s for 1 second
  • the middle segment is 2mm for 40mm/s
  • the third segment is for 1 second. 20mm/s, (where the time period can be divided into 3 segments or 4 segments, etc., the speed can be adjusted within the parameter range)
  • the advantage of the segmented speed of closing the door is the same as the above-mentioned advantages when opening the door
  • the last of the closing A slowdown can be used to slowly tighten the door when the actuator is closed to achieve the best door and cabinet seal.

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Abstract

一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构，包括齿条（1）、离合齿轮机构（2）、减速齿轮机构（3）、微动开关装置（4）、触发装置（5）、电机（6），其中减速齿轮机构（3）由电机（6）驱动，离合齿轮机构（2）一端与减速齿轮机构（3）啮合，另一端与齿条（1）啮合，微动开关装置（4）与电机（6）电连接；齿条（1）设有一组凹陷部（7）；触发装置（5）设置在齿条（1）与微动开关装置（4）之间，且可以在齿条（1）的推动下摆动。采用该结构可以实现自动开关门，微动开关装置与齿条凹陷部的设计，可以在开关门时将门推或拉至设定的位置，离合齿轮机构的设计在遇到障碍物或操作人员过大的推力时，可自动打滑，能防止异常大扭矩造成执行机构的损坏，更人性化，使用户的操作体验更好。

Description

一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构及其工作方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种家用电器，特别涉及一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构。
背景技术
目前，大多数家用电器需要手动开关门，开关门时需要使用较大的力，用户操作体验感较差，并且在开关门时可能会因误操作造成门未关紧或家用电器损坏，使用不方便。
在中国专利申请公开说明书,CN2014103225308中针对家用电器无法自动开关门的问题,公开了一种家用电器自动开关门结构,其门体与齿条固定连接,齿条与齿轮啮合,齿轮由电机驱动,齿条上靠近开关门位置两端部分分别设置有两个点感应器,齿条附近固定设置有感应开关,点感应器与感应开关相匹配感应，感应开关连接控制器，控制器控制电机，从而实现家用电器的自动开关门。但是简单的开关门结构只能实现开门和关门，无法将门停留在其他设定的位置，另外，在开关门遇到障碍物时会产生异常大扭矩,造成开关门机构损坏。
发明内容
发明的目的：本发明公开一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构，可以实现自动开关门，在开关门时将门推或拉至设定的位置，在遇到障碍物或操作人员过大的推力时，可自动打滑，防止异常大扭矩造成执行机构的损坏。
技术方案：为了实现以上目的，本发明公开了一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构，包括齿条、离合齿轮机构、减速齿轮机构、微动开关装置、触发装置、电机，其中减速齿轮机构由电机驱动，离合齿轮机构一端与减速齿轮机构啮合，另一端与齿条啮合，微动开关装置与电机电连接；所述齿条设有一组凹陷部；所述触发装置设置在齿条与微动开关装置之间，且可以在齿条的推动下摆动。其中电机和减速齿轮机构可以用行星齿轮箱一体减速电机代替。这种设计可以实现自动开关门，微动开关装置与齿条凹陷部的设计，可以在开关门时将门推或拉至不同的设定位置；离合齿轮机构的设计在遇到障碍物或操作人员过大的推力时，可自动打滑，能防止异常大扭矩造成执行机构的损坏，更人性化，使用户的操作体验更好。
进一步的，上述一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构，所述离合齿轮机构包括左棘轮机构和右棘轮机构，且左棘轮机构与右棘轮机构之间可相对回转,其中左棘轮机构设有左棘轮、与减速齿轮机构相啮合的第一齿轮以及与左棘轮、第一齿轮固定连接的螺杆，右棘轮机构设有右棘轮、与齿条相啮合的第二齿轮以及与右棘轮、第二齿轮固定连接的套管，压缩弹 簧设置在套管的中空筒体内，螺杆穿过套管和压缩弹簧，左棘轮与右棘轮相卡合连接。这种设计在遇到障碍物或操作人员过大的推力时，左棘轮机构与右棘轮机构之间可发生相对回转，防止将异常大扭矩传递到减速齿轮机构，造成齿轮与电机的损坏。
进一步的，上述一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构，所述触发装置包括片弹簧和触发杆，触发杆设有与微动开关装置的微动开关触点形状相适应的凸起部，以及与齿条的凹陷部形状相适应的摆杆部，片弹簧一端设有U形的安装部，另一端与摆杆部连接且与摆杆部形状相适应。这种设计，齿条的凹陷部配合触发装置，使触发杆的凸起部按压或者松开微动开关触点，来实现电机的运转或停止，能确保齿条开关门的距离。
进一步的，上述一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构，所述凹陷部包括呈梯形的第一凹陷部，以及呈V形的第二凹陷部，微动开关装置包括相向设置在齿条两侧的第一微动开关和第二微动开关，其中第一凹陷部设置在齿条靠近第一微动开关的一侧，第二凹陷部设置在齿条靠近第二微动开关的一侧。这种设计更智能化，通过不同位置的凹陷部，可以实现齿条开关门时将门停留在设定的多个位置，可实现开门、关门及自锁的功能，方便用户的使用。
进一步的，上述一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构，所述减速齿轮机构为行星齿轮组或蜗轮蜗杆组。这种设计利用电机的正反转驱动减速齿轮机构，通过减速齿轮机构提供低速高扭矩给齿条来实现推门和关门的功能。
进一步的，上述一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构，所述齿条一端设有与自动门锁形状相适应的孔。这种孔的设计配合自动门锁的卡扣，可以实现自动门锁与齿条的卡紧连接，实现自动关门及锁紧的功能。
进一步的，上述一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构的工作方法：1)开关门时，齿条通过触发装置使微动开关装置接通，电机电路处于接通状态；2)电机正转或反转，并驱动齿条伸出进行推门或后退进行关门；3)齿条伸出或后退的过程中，当齿条的一组凹陷部经过触发装置时，触发装置离开微动开关装置使微动开关装置断开，电机电路断开；4)电机停止运转，门停在设定位置，其中一组凹陷部的不同位置的凹陷处对应门不同的设定位置。
进一步的，上述一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构的工作方法，门停在设定的关门位置时，齿条可移动一段距离且不触动微动开关装置，关门时，自动门锁进行自锁后，执行机构锁紧门，产生自锁力。实现一定距离内齿条的滑动不触动第一微动开关，在这个距离内可实现门的锁紧，抽屉的自动门锁进行自锁后传递信号给ECU，ECU控制执行机构锁紧门并保证自锁力。
进一步的，上述一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构的工作方法，开关门过程中，开关门的初始速度和最后速度均小于中间速度。开门时可以缓慢的把门打开一个小间隙，之后的中间速度较大可以迅速把门开到一定的位置，最后把速度降下来，可以防止齿条在最后由于惯性从而使齿条上的触发微动开关的缺口越过微动开关，而导致执行器的无法接受微动开关触发所给的信号；关门的最后的一段减速，可以执行器在关门时，可以慢慢的把门拉紧，实现最好的门和箱体密封。
上述技术方案可以看出，本发明具有如下有益效果：本发明所述的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构，结构合理，成本低，可以实现自动开关门，遇到障碍物或操作人员过大的推力时，可自动打滑，能防止异常大扭矩造成执行机构的损坏，可以实现开关门时将门停留在设定的多个位置，可实现开门、开门至一定距离进行排气散热、关门及自锁的功能，使用更人性化，用户的操作体验更好。
本发明提供的家用电器，包括家用电器本体、抽屉、设置在抽屉上的自动门锁门锁，还包括带自动开关门功能的执行机构，所述带自动开关门功能的执行机构设置在家用电器本体上，与抽屉的自动门锁相连接，该带自动开关门功能的执行机构具有上述的技术效果。可以应用于多种家用电器中，包括洗碗机、烘干机、洗衣机等，适应性好，具有很高的推广价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构的第一种实施方式的结构图；
图2为本发明所述的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构的第一种实施方式的爆炸结构图；
图3为本发明所述的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构触发装置的详细结构图；
图4为本发明所述的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构第二种实施方式的减速齿轮机构的结构图；
图5为本发明所述的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构的第三种实施方式的结构图；
图6为本发明所述的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构的第三种实施方式齿条与门锁相配合的示意图；
图7为本发明所述的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构开门状态时的示意图；
图中：1-齿条，2-离合齿轮机构，3-减速齿轮机构，31-第三齿轮，32-第四齿轮，33-第五齿轮，34-第六齿轮，35-减速蜗杆，36-第一斜齿轮，37-第二斜齿轮，38-第三斜齿轮，4-微动开关装置，41-第一微动开关，42-第二微动开关，43-第一导线，44-第一接口，45-第二导 线，46-第二接口，5-触发装置，51-片弹簧，511-安装部，52-触发杆，521-凸起部，522-摆杆部，6-电机，61-电机蜗杆，7-凹陷部，71-第一凹陷部，72-第二凹陷部，8-左棘轮机构，81-左棘轮，82-第一齿轮，83-螺杆，84-弹簧安装部，9-右棘轮机构，91-右棘轮，92-第二齿轮，93-套管，10-压缩弹簧，11-孔，12-壳体，13-盖板，14-压板，15-弹簧座，16-螺母，17-凸杆，18-凸杆弹簧，19-自动门锁，20-抽屉。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明具体实施方式进行详细的描述。
实施例1
本发明的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构，如图1至图3所示，包括齿条1、离合齿轮机构2、减速齿轮机构3、微动开关装置4、触发装置5、电机6。
离合齿轮机构2包括左棘轮机构8和右棘轮机构9，且左棘轮机构8与右棘轮机构9之间可相对回转,其中左棘轮机构8设有左棘轮81、与减速齿轮机构3相啮合的第一齿轮82以及与左棘轮81、第一齿轮82固定连接的螺杆83，右棘轮机构9设有右棘轮91、与齿条1相啮合的第二齿轮92以及与右棘轮91、第二齿轮92固定连接的套管93，压缩弹簧10设置在套管93的中空筒体内，螺杆83穿过套管93和压缩弹簧10，左棘轮81与右棘轮91相卡合连接，压缩弹簧10一端与螺杆83设置的弹簧安装部84相连接，一端设有弹簧座15，螺母16设置在螺杆83端部，且将弹簧座15与压缩弹簧10压紧。当关门遇到障碍物或操作人员过大的推力时，棘爪滑过棘轮齿背，左棘轮机构8与右棘轮机构9之间可发生相对回转，防止将异常大扭矩继续传递到减速齿轮机构3与电机蜗杆61，造成齿轮与电机的损坏。
减速齿轮机构3包括同轴设置的第三齿轮31和第四齿轮32、与第四齿轮32相啮合的第五齿轮33、与第五齿轮33相啮合的第六齿轮34、与第六齿轮34同轴设置的减速蜗杆35，其中减速蜗杆35与离合齿轮机构2的第一齿轮82相啮合，第三齿轮31与电机6的电机蜗杆61相啮合。第三齿轮31和第一齿轮82为蜗轮形式或斜齿轮形式。电机正反转驱动减速齿轮机构3，通过减速齿轮机构3提供低速高扭矩给离合齿轮机构2，离合齿轮机构2驱动齿条1来实现推门和关门的功能。
微动开关装置4包括相向设置在齿条1两侧的第一微动开关41、第二微动开关42，第一微动开关41连接有第一导线43和第一接口44，第二微动开关42连接有第二导线45、第二接口46，其中电机6通过第二导线45与第二接口46连接。
触发装置5设置在齿条1与微动开关装置4之间，且可以在齿条1的推动下摆动，触发装置5包括片弹簧51和触发杆52，触发杆52设有与微动开关装置4的微动开关触点 形状相适应的凸起部521，以及与齿条1设有的凹陷部7形状相适应的摆杆部522，片弹簧51一端设有U形的安装部511，另一端与摆杆部522连接且与摆杆部522形状相适应。开关门时，齿条1推动片弹簧51以及触发杆52使触发杆52的凸起部521按压微动开关触点，电机6电路处于接通状态，当齿条1的凹陷部7经过触发装置5时，触发杆52在片弹簧51的回复力作用下摆动至进入凹陷部7的状态，此时触发杆52的凸起部521松开微动开关触点，电机6电路断开，电机6停止运转，门停在设定的位置。
凹陷部7包括呈梯形的第一凹陷部71，以及呈V形的第二凹陷部72，其中第一凹陷部71设置在齿条1靠近第一微动开关41的一侧，第二凹陷部72设置在齿条1靠近第二微动开关42的一侧。通过不同位置的凹陷部，可以实现齿条开关门时将门停留在设定的多个位置，可实现开门、开门至一定距离进行排气散热、关门及自锁的功能，对应关门及自锁的功能设置的梯形第一凹陷部71，可以实现一定距离内齿条1的滑动不触动第一微动开关41，在这个距离内可轻推抽屉门进行关门，抽屉的自动门锁进行自锁。
齿条1一端设有与自动门锁19形状相适应的孔11，配合自动门锁19的卡扣，可以实现自动门锁与齿条的卡紧连接，实现自动关门及锁紧的功能，齿条1另一端的两侧设有形状对称的凸杆17，凸杆弹簧18与凸杆17的形状、位置相对应，可以起到关门锁紧以及发出关门音的作用。
该带自动开关门功能的执行机构，还包括安装各部件用的壳体12、盖板13，以及固定齿轮用的压板14，压板14对齿轮进行定位和固定，这种设计结构紧凑，实现了各部件的安装和覆盖，提高安全性，压板的设计实现了齿轮的定位以及固定，防止振动。
本执行器结合ECU控制系统，来实现电流突然升高时，系统会停止供电，使开门机构停止的保护功能。
离合齿轮机构2也可以用摩擦方式代替上述的棘轮结构来实现离合、差速的功能。
实施例2
本发明的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构，如图4所示，其减速齿轮机构3包括第一斜齿轮36、第二斜齿轮37、第三斜齿轮38，其中第三斜齿轮38与离合齿轮机构2的第一齿轮82相啮合且第一齿轮82为蜗杆形式，第一斜齿轮36与电机6的电机蜗杆61相啮合。这种小功率传动，将蜗轮设计成斜齿轮，这样蜗杆设计时，就不会受到特性系数的控制与影响，可以随意根据结构来决定节圆直径的大小，蜗轮改成斜齿轮后，不用设计和制造专用滚刀来生产蜗轮，用普通的齿轮滚刀就可以生产斜齿轮，工艺变得简单，制造成本大大降低。其他结构与实施例1相同。
本发明的一种家用电器，如图7所示，包括家用电器本体、抽屉20、设置在抽屉20上的自动门锁19，还包括上述的带自动开关门功能的执行机构，所述带自动开关门功能的执行机构设置在家用电器本体上，与抽屉20的自动门锁19相连接。该带自动开关门功能的执行机构还可以应用于多种家用电器中，包括洗碗机、烘干机、洗衣机等。
实施例3
本发明的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构，如图5和图6所示，其减速齿轮机构3为行星齿轮组，并且行星齿轮组和电机6为一整体，构成行星齿轮箱一体减速电机。其他结构与实施例1相同。
本发明的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构的工作方法如下：
1)开关门时，齿条1通过触发装置5使微动开关装置4接通，电机6电路处于接通状态；
2)电机6正转或反转，并驱动齿条1伸出进行推门或后退进行关门；
3)齿条1伸出或后退的过程中，当齿条1的一组凹陷部7经过触发装置5时，触发装置5离开微动开关装置4使微动开关装置4断开，电机6电路断开；
4)电机6停止运转，门停在设定位置，其中一组凹陷部7的不同位置的凹陷处对应门不同的设定位置；
5)门停在设定的关门位置时，齿条1可移动一段距离且不触动微动开关装置4，在这个距离内可轻推抽屉门进行关门，关门时，抽屉的自动门锁19进行自锁后传递信号给ECU，ECU控制执行机构锁紧门板，产生自锁力，即保证齿条1与自动门锁19之间的自锁力；
6)手动解锁，解锁时齿条1能自动缩回锁定状态的位置；
7)通过推门使自动门锁19内部的结构发生位移，触发信号指令给ECU(电子控制单元),执行器电机6驱动齿条1推动门板，实现自动开门功能。
上述3)、4)的具体工作方法为：
a)ECU控制电机6运转，驱动齿条1伸出，推开抽屉20的门，当齿条1的第二凹陷部72经过第二微动开关42一侧的触发装置5时，触发装置5离开第二微动开关装置42使第二微动开关装置42断开，信号传送至ECU，电机6电路断开、停止运转，齿条1停止，抽屉20保持在该位置，即抽屉打开；
b)ECU控制电机6反向运转，驱动齿条1后退，拉动抽屉20的门，当齿条1的第一凹陷部71经过第一微动开关41一侧的触发装置5时，触发装置5离开第一微动开关装置41使第一微动开关装置41断开，信号传送至ECU，抽屉20的自动门锁19进行自锁，并且执行机构锁紧门，产生自锁力。
开关门过程中，开关门的初始速度和最后速度均小于中间速度，即开门与关门的速度可调，可调范围为15-40mm/s，优选的速度控制方法如下：
整个开门的过程为4秒，可以分为3段，开门的初始时1秒钟的速度为20mm/s，中间的一段位2秒速度为40mm/s,第3段的时间为1秒速度为20mm/s，(其中分时段可以分为3段或4段等等，速度可以实现在参数范围内调整)。开门的初始的速度慢的优点：速度低扭矩大，可以缓慢的把门打开一个小间隙，之后的两秒迅速把门开到一定的位置，然后速度在最后把速度降下来，可以防止齿条1在最后由于惯性从而使齿条1上的凹陷部7(触发微动开关的缺口)越过微动开关，而导致执行器的无法接受微动开关触发所给的信号。
整个关门的过程为4秒，可以分为3段，开门的初始时1秒钟的速度为20mm/s，中间的一段位2秒速度为40mm/s,第3段的时间为1秒速度为20mm/s，(其中分时段可以分为3段或4段等等，速度可以实现在参数范围内调整)，关门的分段速度可调的优点与上述开门时的优点相同，关门的最后的一段减速，可以执行器在关门时，可以慢慢的把门拉紧，实现最好的门和箱体密封。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进，这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构，其特征在于：包括：齿条(1)、离合齿轮机构(2)、减速齿轮机构(3)、微动开关装置(4)、触发装置(5)、电机(6)，其中减速齿轮机构(3)由电机(5)驱动，离合齿轮机构(2)一端与减速齿轮机构(3)啮合，另一端与齿条(1)啮合，微动开关装置(4)与电机(6)电连接；
    所述齿条(1)设有一组凹陷部(7)；所述触发装置(5)设置在齿条(1)与微动开关装置(4)之间，且可以在齿条(1)的推动下摆动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构，其特征在于：所述离合齿轮机构(2)包括左棘轮机构(8)和右棘轮机构(9)，且左棘轮机构(8)与右棘轮机构(9)之间可相对回转,其中左棘轮机构(8)设有左棘轮(81)、与减速齿轮机构(3)相啮合的第一齿轮(82)以及与左棘轮(81)、第一齿轮(82)固定连接的螺杆(83)，右棘轮机构(9)设有右棘轮(91)、与齿条(1)相啮合的第二齿轮(92)以及与右棘轮(91)、第二齿轮(92)固定连接的套管(93)，压缩弹簧(10)设置在套管(93)的中空筒体内，螺杆(83)穿过套管(93)和压缩弹簧(10)，左棘轮(81)与右棘轮(91)相卡合连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构，其特征在于：所述触发装置(5)包括片弹簧(51)和触发杆(52)，触发杆(52)设有与微动开关装置(4)的微动开关触点形状相适应的凸起部(521)，以及与齿条(1)的凹陷部(7)形状相适应的摆杆部(522)，片弹簧(51)一端设有U形的安装部(511)，另一端与摆杆部(522)连接且与摆杆部(522)形状相适应。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构，其特征在于：所述凹陷部(7)包括呈梯形的第一凹陷部(71)，以及呈V形的第二凹陷部(72)，微动开关装置(4)包括相向设置在齿条(1)两侧的第一微动开关(41)和第二微动开关(42)，其中第一凹陷部(71)设置在齿条(1)靠近第一微动开关(41)的一侧，第二凹陷部(72)设置在齿条(1)靠近第二微动开关(42)的一侧。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构，其特征在于：所述减速齿轮机构(3)为行星齿轮组或蜗轮蜗杆组。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构，其特征在于：所述齿条(1)一端设有与自动门锁形状相适应的孔(11)。
  7. 一种家用电器，包括家用电器本体、抽屉(20)、设置在抽屉(20)上的自动门锁(19)，其特征在于：还包括如权利要求1-6任一项所述的带自动开关门功能的执行机构，所述带自动开关门功能的执行机构设置在家用电器本体上，与抽屉(20)的自动门锁(19) 相连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构的工作方法，其特征在于：
    1)开关门时，齿条(1)通过触发装置(5)使微动开关装置(4)接通，电机(6)电路处于接通状态；
    2)电机(6)正转或反转，并驱动齿条(1)伸出进行推门或后退进行关门；
    3)齿条(1)伸出或后退的过程中，当齿条(1)的一组凹陷部(7)经过触发装置(5)时，触发装置(5)离开微动开关装置(4)使微动开关装置(4)断开，电机(6)电路断开；
    4)电机(6)停止运转，门停在设定位置，其中一组凹陷部(7)的不同位置的凹陷处对应门不同的设定位置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构的工作方法，其特征在于：门停在设定的关门位置时，齿条(1)可移动一段距离且不触动微动开关装置(4)，关门时，自动门锁(19)进行自锁后，执行机构锁紧门，产生自锁力。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的一种带自动开关门功能的执行机构的工作方法，其特征在于：开关门过程中，开关门的初始速度和最后速度均小于中间速度。
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