WO2018113450A1

WO2018113450A1 - Phase-change material/air-coupled cascade battery thermal management system

Info

Publication number: WO2018113450A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/110688
Authority: WO
Inventors: 饶中浩; 霍宇涛
Original assignee: 中国矿业大学
Priority date: 2016-12-22
Filing date: 2017-11-13
Publication date: 2018-06-28
Also published as: JP2019510346A; CN106602171A; KR101944053B1; CN106602171B; KR20180105720A; JP6515252B2

Abstract

Disclosed is a phase-change material/air-coupled cascade battery thermal management system, belonging to battery thermal management technology. The management system consists mainly of a base, a cover, outer fins, inner fins, an upper phase-change material box, a middle phase-change material box and a lower phase-change material box. The multiple phase-change material boxes filled with different phase-change materials are respectively arranged between batteries, the outer fins are distributed at intervals in multiple rows of different densities and lengths on the front and rear side faces of each of the phase-change material boxes, and the inner fins are arranged at intervals in multiple rows on an internal side plate of the phase-change material box, with the density of the inner fins far away from a battery pole being greater than the density of the inner fins close to the battery pole. By organically coupling two thermal management techniques, namely, phase-change material cooling and air cooling, the heat generated by a battery can be removed, and by using the cascade arrangement of the phase-change materials and the fins, the temperature difference inside a single battery or between batteries can be effectively reduced, and the temperature uniformity of the single battery/battery group can be improved. The system has an obvious temperature control and homogenization effect and a compact structure, and is convenient in terms of installation and maintenance.

Description

Phase change material/air coupled class battery thermal management system

Technical field

The invention relates to a battery thermal management technology, in particular to a phase change material/air coupled class battery thermal management technology.

Background technique

As an energy storage component with high energy density and power density, the battery is widely used in electric vehicle power sources. However, during charging and discharging, the electrochemical reaction inside the battery generates a large amount of heat. The local accumulation of heat will cause the battery temperature to be too high and enter a thermal runaway state, resulting in spontaneous combustion or even explosion of the battery, which seriously endangers personnel safety. At the same time, the electrochemical reaction near the battery pole is relatively intense, making the battery temperature uneven, greatly reducing the cycle life of the battery. In order to ensure the safe operation of the battery and extend the battery cycle life, improve the overall vehicle performance of the electric vehicle, and achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to design a reasonable battery thermal management system to maintain the normal operating temperature of the battery and improve the temperature uniformity.

In recent years, temperature control technologies such as air cooling, liquid cooling, heat pipes and phase change materials have been successfully used in battery thermal management, which greatly reduces the operating temperature of the battery. However, due to the improvement of the heat transfer performance of the thermal management system, the difference in heat generation of the battery is amplified, and the local temperature difference of the battery is larger, which makes it difficult to meet the demand for battery recycling, and increases the operating cost of the electric vehicle. With the increase of the cruising range of electric vehicles, the uniformity of battery temperature puts more severe demands on the battery thermal management system.

Summary of the invention

Technical Problem: The object of the present invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a phase change material/air coupled class battery thermal management system capable of maintaining the operating temperature and temperature of the battery under severe operating conditions. Uniformity.

Technical Solution: The phase change material/air-coupled step type battery thermal management system of the present invention comprises a base, a plurality of batteries disposed on the base, and a plurality of batteries are arranged in groups on the base, and the base is provided with a cover a cover; the plurality of batteries have a battery pole side facing up, adjacent to the cover, and a plurality of phase change material boxes each filled with different phase change materials are respectively disposed between the spaced batteries, and each phase change material box A plurality of rows of outer fins of different densities and lengths are spaced apart on the front and rear sides, and outer fins of the same row are distributed in a classwise manner along the length and density of the air flow direction, facing the outer fins at a position near the air outlet. The density and length are greater than the density and length of the outer fins adjacent to the air inlet; the inner side plates of the phase change material box are arranged with a plurality of rows of inner fins; the density of the fins away from the battery post is higher than the battery pole The density near the column; the density of the outer fin arrangement gradually decreases along the vertical downward direction, and the outer fin of the phase change material box away from the battery post is higher than the outer fin of the phase change material box near the position of the pole The gap between the battery, the phase change material box, the base and the cover constitutes a duct.

The base is provided with a plurality of base recesses of the same battery, and the periphery of the base is provided with a base screw hole that cooperates with the cover.

The upper side of the cover is provided with a cover recess corresponding to the battery and the upper phase change material box, and the end edge of the cover is provided with a cover screw hole corresponding to the base screw hole, and the cover is left and right Air inlets and air outlets are provided on both sides.

The number of the plurality of phase change material boxes and the phase change material refer to the battery characteristics and the working environment, and 3-4.

The upper and lower end faces of the upper phase change material box of the plurality of phase change material boxes are provided with upper material box protrusions, and the upper end surface of the lower phase change material box is provided with the upper material box protrusion or the middle material box protrusion The matching groove has a lower material box protrusion on the lower end surface; the upper end surface of the middle phase change material box between the upper and lower phase change material boxes has a groove matching the protrusion of the upper material box, and the lower end belt There are protrusions that cooperate with the lower phase material box.

Each of the phase change material boxes and the battery contact position are coated with an insulating and thermally conductive layer.

The plurality of rows of inner fins are made of stainless steel, copper aluminum alloy and low carbon steel material with high thermal conductivity.

The distribution density of the plurality of rows of inner fins is a class type, and the density gradually decreases along the vertical downward direction.

The utility model has the advantages that the above-mentioned scheme is adopted, the invention reasonably couples the thermal management of the phase change material and the air heat management, has a compact structure, is convenient to install, and is convenient for replacing the battery and the phase change material box in the later maintenance. The high heat generated by the battery near the pole can be carried away by the phase change material having higher thermal conductivity in the upper phase change material box, and the heat generated in the remaining positions is taken away by the No. 2 and lower phase change material boxes. Maintain the temperature of the battery while maintaining the temperature uniformity of the battery. The temperature uniformity of the unit cells can be further improved by utilizing the outer fin distribution of the phase change material box. The external ribs of the class arrangement can enhance the heat dissipation of the battery step by step in the direction of the air passage, reduce the temperature difference between the batteries, and improve the temperature uniformity of the battery pack. The thermal management technology of the invention has good uniform temperature capability, simple structure, high efficiency and environmental protection, low cost and simple maintenance, good expandability, convenient modular production, and can meet the heat of large equipment such as electric vehicles and transportation vehicles and energy storage power stations. Management needs have broad market application prospects. The main advantage: the invention reasonably couples the phase change material and the air together, and utilizes the stepwise arrangement of the phase change material, the inner fins and the outer fins to carry away the heat generated by the battery step by step, the heat dissipation amount is large, and the heat dissipation speed is adopted. Fast, effectively improve the temperature uniformity of the single cell and reduce the temperature difference between the cells, has a simple and compact structure, convenient installation and maintenance of the battery and phase change material box, good expandability, safety and efficiency.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention;

2 is a schematic structural view of the base of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the cover of Figure 1 of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the distribution of outer fins of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic view of the interior of the upper phase change material box of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a schematic view of the interior of the medium phase change material box of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a schematic view of the interior of the lower phase change material tank of the present invention.

In the figure: 101-base; 102-base screw hole; 103-base groove; 104-battery; 105-up phase change material box; 106-medium phase change material box; 107-lower phase change material box; Rib; 301 - cover; 302 - air inlet; 303 - air outlet; 304 - cover screw hole, 305 - cover groove; 401 - lower material box projection; 402 - insulating thermal conductive agent; 403 - upper material Box bulge; 501 - inner rib; 601 - medium material box groove; 602 - medium material box bulge; 701 - lower material box groove.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments in the drawings:

As shown in FIG. 1, the phase change material/air-coupled step type battery thermal management system of the present invention mainly comprises a base 101, a cover 301, an outer rib 108, an inner rib 601, an upper phase change material box 105, and the like. Phase change material box 106, lower phase change material box 107 composition. The plurality of batteries 104 are disposed on the base 101, and the plurality of batteries 104 are arranged in two groups at intervals on the base 101. Each of the batteries has three blocks, and the base 101 is provided with a cover 301; The base 101 is disposed on the base 101, and the base 101 is provided with a base recess 103 for mounting a plurality of fixed batteries 104 and a lower phase change material box 107. The periphery of the base 101 is provided with a base matched with the cover 301. Screw hole 102, as shown in Figure 2. The upper side of the cover 301 is provided with a cover recess 305 corresponding to the battery and the upper phase change material box. The end of the cover 301 is provided with a cover screw hole 304 corresponding to the base screw hole 102. The upper side of the cover 301 has a groove corresponding to the battery and the upper phase change material box. The left and right sides of the cover 301 are respectively provided with an air inlet 302 and an air outlet 303, as shown in FIG. The plurality of cells 104 are disposed with the battery post side facing up, adjacent to the cover 301, and a plurality of phase change material boxes internally filled with different phase change materials are respectively disposed between the spaced cells 104, and the phase change is performed. The number of material boxes and the phase change material depend on the battery characteristics and the working environment, and generally 2-4, and each of the phase change material boxes and the battery contact position are coated with an insulating heat conductive layer. 1 is the upper middle, lower and lower, the upper and lower end faces of the upper material box 105 are provided with the upper material box protrusion 403, and the upper material box protrusion 403 of the upper phase change material box 105 and the battery 104 can be embedded in the cover. Cover recess 305. As shown in FIG. 5, the upper end surface of the middle phase change material box 106 is provided with a middle material box groove 601 which cooperates with the upper material box protrusion 403, as shown in FIG. 6; the lower end surface has a middle material box protrusion 602. The upper end surface of the lower phase change material box 107 has a material box groove 701 matched with the middle material box protrusion 602, the lower end surface has a lower material box protrusion 401, and the lower phase change material box 107 is convex through the lower material box The 401 is fixed to the base recess 103 as shown in FIG. A plurality of rows of outer fins 108 of different densities and lengths are spaced apart from each other on the front and rear sides of each phase change material box, and the outer fins 108 of the same row position are distributed in a classwise manner along the length and density of the air flow direction, facing the air outlet The outer ribs 108 in the vicinity of 303 are distributed with a density and length greater than the density and length of the outer ribs 108 adjacent the air inlet 302, as shown in FIG. 4; the inner side plates of the phase change material box are arranged in a plurality of rows at intervals The inner fin piece 501 has a distributed density of the plurality of inner fin pieces 501, and the density gradually decreases in the vertical downward direction. As shown in Figure 5. The inner fin piece 501 is made of stainless steel, copper aluminum alloy and low carbon steel material having high thermal conductivity. The density of the fins away from the battery post is higher than the density near the pole of the battery; the density of the outer fins 108 is gradually reduced along the vertical downward direction, and the outer fins of the phase change material box away from the battery post The outer fins have a higher density than the phase change material box near the pole position; the gaps of the battery 104, the phase change material box, the base 101, and the cover 301 constitute a duct.

The number of the phase change material boxes is two or more. In the present embodiment, three phase change material boxes are taken as an example. Different phase change material boxes are filled with phase change materials with different thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity and phase change latent heat of the phase change materials are distributed in a classwise manner, which gradually decreases along the vertical downward direction, away from the phase change material filled with the battery poles. The coefficient and the latent heat of phase change are higher relative to the position close to the pole, which effectively controls the temperature uniformity of the single cell. The phase change material may be a composite organic phase change material, a composite inorganic phase change material, and a capsule phase change material. The phase change material box prevents phase change material from leaking.

Inner fins 501 disposed in the phase change material tank are used to improve the heat transfer performance of the phase change material tank. The density gradually decreases along the vertical downward direction, and the density of the fins 501 away from the battery post is higher than the density near the pole, reducing the temperature difference of the cell. The phase change material box and the inner fins may be made of a highly thermally conductive insulating material such as alumina ceramic, and the inner fins may be rod-shaped.

A groove 103 formed in the base 101 is used to fix the battery 104 and the lower phase change material box 107, and is provided with a screw hole 102 corresponding to the screw hole 304 of the cover 301 and fastened. The cover 301 and the gap portion in the base 101 may constitute an air passage, and the cover 301 is provided with an air inlet 302 and an air outlet 303. The cover and base material can be made of materials such as light, high thermal conductivity copper, low carbon steel and aluminum alloy.

The outer fins 108 disposed on both sides of the phase change material tank are used to increase the contact area between the air and the phase change material tank. The density of the outer ribs 108 gradually decreases in the vertical downward direction, and the outer ribs 108 of the phase change material box away from the battery post are denser than the outer ribs 108 of the phase change material box near the position of the poles for reinforcing the battery. Heat dissipation in the vicinity of the pole, improve the single battery Temperature uniformity.

In the direction of air flow, the density and length of the outer ribs 108 on both sides of the phase change material box at the same horizontal position are distributed in a class manner, and the outer ribs of the phase change material box at the same horizontal position are class-wise along the length and density of the air flow direction. Distribution, the density and length of the outer fins near the air outlet 303 are greater than the density and length of the outer fins near the air inlet 302, strengthen the heat dissipation of the battery located downstream of the air duct, reduce the temperature difference between the upstream battery and the downstream battery, and improve the battery pack. Overall temperature uniformity. The material of the outer fins may be a material such as stainless steel, copper aluminum alloy, and low carbon steel having high thermal conductivity.

The insulating heat conductive agent 402 is mainly used for reducing the contact thermal resistance between the battery and the phase change material box, improving the heat transfer performance, and adopting the thermal conductive silicone grease and the insulating and heat conductive double-sided adhesive having a high thermal conductivity.

Claims

A phase change material/air coupled class battery thermal management system, characterized in that it comprises a base (101), a plurality of batteries (104) arranged on the base (101), and a plurality of batteries (104) grouping intervals Arranged on the base (101), the base (101) is provided with a cover (301); the battery poles of the plurality of batteries (104) are placed side up, close to the cover (301), spaced apart A plurality of phase change material boxes internally filled with different phase change materials are respectively disposed between the arranged batteries (104), and a plurality of outer fins of different density and length are arranged on the front and rear sides of each phase change material box (108). The outer fins (108) in the same row position are distributed in a classwise manner along the length and density of the air flow direction, and the outer fins (108) located near the air outlet (303) are distributed in a density and length greater than the facing The density and length of the outer ribs (108) distributed near the tuyere (302); the inner side plates of the phase change material box are arranged with a plurality of rows of inner fins (501); the density of the fins away from the battery post is higher than the proximity Density near the battery pole; the density of the outer fins (108) is gradually reduced in a vertically downward direction away from the battery pole The outer rib of the phase change material box of the column is higher in density than the outer rib of the phase change material box near the position of the pole; the gap between the battery (104), the phase change material box, the base (101) and the cover (301) Wind tunnel.
The phase change material/air-coupled class battery thermal management according to claim 1, wherein the base (101) is provided with a base recess (103) for mounting a plurality of fixed batteries (104) and The base (101) is provided with a base screw hole (102) that cooperates with the cover (301).
The phase change material/air-coupled step type battery thermal management according to claim 1, wherein the upper side of the cover (301) is provided with a cover corresponding to the battery and the upper phase change material case. The groove (305) and the end edge of the cover (301) are provided with cover screw holes (304) corresponding to the base screw holes (102), and the air inlets are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the cover (301) ( 302) and the air outlet (303).
The phase change material/air coupled stage type battery thermal management according to claim 1, wherein the number of the phase change material boxes and the phase change material refer to the battery characteristics and the working environment. , for 2-4.
The phase change material/air-coupled step type battery thermal management according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the upper and lower end faces of the upper phase change material box of the plurality of phase change material boxes are provided with the upper material a box protrusion, the upper end surface of the lower phase change material box is provided with a groove matching the upper material box protrusion or the middle material box protrusion, and the lower end surface is provided with a lower material box protrusion; between the upper and lower phase change material boxes The upper end surface of the medium phase change material box is provided with a groove matching the protrusion of the upper material box, and the lower end surface has a protrusion matching the lower phase material box.
The phase change material/air-coupled class battery thermal management according to claim 1, wherein each of said phase change material boxes and the battery contact position are coated with an insulating heat conductive layer.
The phase change material/air coupled step type battery thermal management according to claim 1, wherein said plurality of rows of inner fins (501) are stainless steel, copper aluminum alloy and low carbon having high thermal conductivity. Made of steel material.
The phase change material/air-coupled class battery thermal management according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the plurality of rows of inner fins (501) have a distributed density in a classwise manner, along a vertical downward direction. The density gradually decreases.