GB2289976A - Cooling system for battery uses phase change material in hollow container as cooling element between adjacent cell monoblocks - Google Patents

Cooling system for battery uses phase change material in hollow container as cooling element between adjacent cell monoblocks Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2289976A
GB2289976A GB9510084A GB9510084A GB2289976A GB 2289976 A GB2289976 A GB 2289976A GB 9510084 A GB9510084 A GB 9510084A GB 9510084 A GB9510084 A GB 9510084A GB 2289976 A GB2289976 A GB 2289976A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
battery
monoblocks
cooling
cooling element
phase change
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB9510084A
Other versions
GB2289976B (en
GB9510084D0 (en
Inventor
Carl Charles Bourne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MG Rover Group Ltd
Original Assignee
MG Rover Group Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB9411225A external-priority patent/GB9411225D0/en
Application filed by MG Rover Group Ltd filed Critical MG Rover Group Ltd
Priority to GB9510084A priority Critical patent/GB2289976B/en
Publication of GB9510084D0 publication Critical patent/GB9510084D0/en
Publication of GB2289976A publication Critical patent/GB2289976A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2289976B publication Critical patent/GB2289976B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Abstract

A battery eg. a traction battery is provided with cooling elements 16 interposed between adjacent monoblocks 11 of the battery 10 to absorb heat generated within the monoblocks 11 under load, each cooling element comprising a hollow container partially filled with a phase change material that is in a solid phase at normal ambient temperature eg. calcium chloride hexahydrate. Each cooling element may include at least one passagewaythrough which heat transfer fluid is pumped to remove excess heat from the cooling element. <IMAGE>

Description

A BATTERY This invention relates to a battery and in particular to a battery having improved thermal performance and a system for improving the thermal performance of a battery.
It is known to provide a battery for an electric vehicle having a plurality of monoblocks connected in series to provide a direct current voltage of between 60 and 400 volts depending upon the number of monoblock joined together.
If a number of monoblocks are joined together in series then variations in temperature between the different monoblocks will result in variations in monoblock capacity. This variation in capacity will lead either to under utilisation of the storage capacity or overdischarge of an individual monoblock cell which will lead to premature failure of that monoblock.
It is further known to control the temperature of a battery by forming passageways between adjacent monoblocks and providing a fan to force air through the passageways.
Such a cooling system is expensive to construct, wasteful of energy and bulky.
It is an object of this invention to provide a cost effective and convenient way of cooling a battery.
According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a battery having a battery case, a plurality of spaced apart monoblocks held within said case and at least one cooling element interposed between adjacent monoblocks, each individual monoblock being enclosed within a rigid housing and having respective positive and negative terminals for electrical interconnection with the other monoblocks of the battery wherein each cooling element comprises of a hollow container partially filled with a phase change material that is in a solid phase at normal ambient temperature.
The monoblocks are preferably electrically connected in series.
Each cooling element may include at least one passageway through which a heat transfer fluid can be passed to remove excess heat from the cooling element.
Each hollow container is preferably made from a plastics material and has the or each passageway formed as an integral part of thereof.
Preferably for use in an ambient temperature of approximately 15 to 20 degree centigrade the phase change material contained within each hollow container is Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate (CaCl2.6H2O).
According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a system for cooling a battery, the system comprising of a number of spaced apart electrically interconnected monoblocks each of which has respective positive and negative terminals and is enclosed by a rigid housing wherein between adjacent monoblocks there is interposed one or more cooling elements each containing a phase change material that is in a solid phase at normal ambient temperature, each of the cooling elements including at least one passageway through which a heat transfer fluid is passed by means of a pump through the or each passageway to remove heat from the cooling element.
The heat transfer fluid may be circulated through an external radiator before being returned to the cooling elements.
Preferably, the monoblocks of the battery are electrically connected together in series.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing of which : Fig 1: Is a cross section through part of a battery according to the first aspect of the invention; Fig 2: Is a cutaway pictorial view of a first embodiment of a system for cooling a battery of an electric vehicle according to the second aspect of the invention; Fig 3: Is a schematic pictorial view of a second embodiment of a system for cooling a battery of an electric vehicle according to the second aspect of the invention; Fig 4: Is a schematic pictorial view of a third embodiment of a system for cooling a battery of an electric vehicle according to the second aspect of the invention.
With particular reference to Figs 1 and 2 there is shown a battery 10 having a number of monoblocks 11 electrically connected in series, each of the monoblocks 11 having respective positive and negative terminals 13,14 and being enclosed by a rigid plastics housing 15.
The monoblocks 11 are held together and supported by a battery case 19 which is constructed from a resilient engineering plastic or fabricated from sheet metal.
The monoblocks 11 are spaced apart from one another and between adjacent monoblocks 11 there is interposed a cooling element 16.
Each of the cooling elements 16 comprises of a thin walled hollow plastics container 17 in which is contained a pre-determined volume of a phase change material 18.
The thickness of the walls 20 of the containers 17 facing towards the adjacent monoblocks 11 are as thin as is practicable to ensure maximum heat conduction between the monoblocks 11 and the phase change material. A thin layer of thermally conductive grease 21 or a thermally conductive adhesive is interposed between each container 17 and the adjacent monoblock 11 to further improve heat conduction.
The phase change material chosen will depend upon the normal ambient temperature of the surrounding air in which the battery must operate but for temperate climates where the ambient temperature does not exceed 25 degrees centigrade Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate CaCL2.6H2O is a suitable material.
The phase change material chosen must in all cases be in the solid phase when the battery is at or near ambient temperature and be transformed into the liquid phase when the battery has reached its normal operating temperature under load.
The volume of phase change material 18 will change .when the material changes from a solid to a liquid state for Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate CaCTh2.6H2O this requires that the volume of each of the containers 17 is more than 11.7 per cent greater than the volume of the solid phase change material with which they are filled.
During operation of the battery 10 heat generated from electrical and chemical activity will raise the temperature within the battery case 19 to the melting point of the phase change material after this point the temperature of the battery will stabilise as additional heat generated is absorbed by the phase change material during the state change from solid to liquid.
Although the phase change material 18 can normally cope with temperature changes within the battery case 19 this depends on there being space in the battery case 19 for sufficient phase change material 18. If the available space on the electric vehicle is limited it may be necessary to supplement the thermal capacity of the phase change material 18 with a simple heat transfer system to prevent hot spots from occurring within the battery 10.
If this is the case then each of the cooling elements 16 can be provided with a passageway through which a heat transfer fluid such as water can be circulated by means of a pump.
With particular reference to Figs 2 to 4 there is shown a system for cooling the battery of an electric vehicle by means of the use of a phase change material interposed between adjacent monoblocks 11 of the battery 10.
As can be seen in Figs 3 and 4 if the volume of phase change material is insufficient to adequately control the temperature of all of the monoblocks 11 the system may further include a pump 25 to circulate a heat transfer fluid such as water through passageways formed in the cooling elements 16. The passageways of adjacent cooling elements are connected together by means of external conduits or pipes 27 to form a circuit through the cooling elements 16 and the pump 25.
The circulation of a heat transfer fluid through the cooling elements 16 will act so as to transfer heat from those elements that are overheating to those that are at a lower temperature thereby maximising the heat absorbing potential of the phase change material.
If the total amount of energy produced by the battery exceeds the heat absorbing capacity of the phase change material that can be physically packed within the battery case 19 then an external radiator 26 can be provided to dissipate the excess energy.
However in this case the size and complexity of the heat transfer system is far reduced from what would be needed if the phase change material were not to be used due to the fact that the majority of the thermal energy is absorbed by the phase change material.
If the cooling elements are moulded from a plastic material then it is convenient to integrally mould the passageways for the heat transfer fluid as this is both cost effective and reduces the complexity of assembling the battery.
Although the invention has been described with respect to the use of a particular phase change material it is not limited to such a material and any phase change material that has a high specific heat and undergoes a state change from the solid to liquid phase at a temperature above that of the normal ambient temperature and below the normal operating temperature of the monoblock cells may be used.
This invention is not limited to any particular type of monoblock it may be used with any cold cell such as Nickel Cadmium, Metal Hydride or Lead Acid where heat generation during peak load needs to be efficiently and economically controlled.
The term monoblock as used herein is intended to refer to a collection of individual electrolytic cells which are packaged and electrically connected in series to produce a battery. It is common for such monoblocks to produce 6 or 12 volts depending upon the type and number of included cells.
The term electric vehicle as used herein is intended to encompass not only vehicles whose sole tractive effort is provided by an electric motor but also those vehicles often referred to as hybrid vehicles in which an electric motor is used to supplement or replace during certain operating conditions another form of tractive effort such as an internal combustion engine.
Similarly, the invention is equally applicable to any cold cell battery that is subject to heavy load and consequential internal heating.

Claims (10)

1. A battery having a battery case, a plurality of spaced apart monoblocks held within said case and at least one cooling element interposed between adjacent monoblocks, each individual monoblock being enclosed within a rigid housing and having respective positive and negative terminals for electrical interconnection with the other monoblocks of the battery wherein each cooling element comprises of a hollow container partially filled with a phase change material that is in a solid phase at normal ambient temperature.
2. A battery as claimed in Claim 1 in which the monoblocks are electrically connected in series.
3. A battery as claimed in any proceeding Claim in which each cooling element includes at least one passageway through which a heat transfer fluid can be passed to remove excess heat from the cooling element
4. A battery as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 3 in which each hollow container is made from a plastics material.
5. A battery as claimed in Claim 4 in which the or each passageway is formed as an integral part of the hollow container.
6. A battery as claimed in any preceding Claim in which the phase change material contained within each hollow container is Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate CaCl2.6H2o.
7. A system for cooling a battery as claimed in Claim 3 in which the heat transfer fluid is passed by means of a pump through the or each passageway to remove heat from the cooling element.
8. A system as claimed in Claim 7 in which the heat transfer fluid is circulated through an external radiator before being returned to the cooling elements.
9. A battery substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawing.
10.A system for cooling a battery substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying drawing.
GB9510084A 1994-06-04 1995-05-18 A battery Expired - Fee Related GB2289976B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9510084A GB2289976B (en) 1994-06-04 1995-05-18 A battery

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9411225A GB9411225D0 (en) 1994-06-04 1994-06-04 A traction battery
GB9510084A GB2289976B (en) 1994-06-04 1995-05-18 A battery

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9510084D0 GB9510084D0 (en) 1995-07-12
GB2289976A true GB2289976A (en) 1995-12-06
GB2289976B GB2289976B (en) 1997-01-15

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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2748858A1 (en) * 1996-05-14 1997-11-21 Renault Car battery for preforming in extreme weather conditions
WO2001061778A2 (en) * 2000-02-15 2001-08-23 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Method and device relating to battery temperature regulation
US6468689B1 (en) * 2000-02-29 2002-10-22 Illinois Institute Of Technology Thermal management of battery systems
FR2836283A1 (en) * 2002-02-18 2003-08-22 Renault Fuel cell for electric motor vehicle has cells each with anode, cathode and electrolyte between two bipolar cells, and some cells having phase change material
EP1378718A1 (en) * 2002-07-05 2004-01-07 Alcatel Housing for electronic equipment
US6942944B2 (en) 2000-02-29 2005-09-13 Illinois Institute Of Technology Battery system thermal management
FR2895838A1 (en) * 2006-01-04 2007-07-06 Vehicules Electr Societe Par A Electric battery e.g. lithium-ion electrochemical type rechargeable battery, for e.g. electric motor vehicle, has device with phase changing material having eutectic mixture including specific solid liquid transformation temperature
FR2915320A1 (en) * 2007-04-19 2008-10-24 Socite De Vehicules Electr Soc ELECTRIC BATTERY COMPRISING THERMAL CONDITIONING MODULES COATED BY A STRUCTURAL MATRIX
DE102010012949A1 (en) * 2010-03-26 2011-09-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Capacitor module, has control unit for controlling temperature of cells, where control unit includes phase change material, which is in contact with cells to absorb heat delivered by cells and located on surface of cooling body
US8273474B2 (en) 2000-02-29 2012-09-25 Illinois Institute Of Technology Battery system thermal management
CN103963605A (en) * 2013-01-25 2014-08-06 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Vehicle heat pump system and method utilizing thermal storage
US8808914B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2014-08-19 Energy Power Systems, LLC Lead-acid battery design having versatile form factor
WO2014154883A1 (en) * 2013-03-29 2014-10-02 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Heat-exchange panel for battery heat management and associated production method
ITMI20132047A1 (en) * 2013-12-09 2015-06-10 Fiamm Energy Storage Solutions S P A SYSTEM FOR TEMPERATURE CONTROL IN BATTERIES CONSISTING OF HIGH TEMPERATURE CELLS BASED ON SODIUM
US9263721B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2016-02-16 Energy Power Systems LLC Lead-acid battery design having versatile form factor
US9595360B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2017-03-14 Energy Power Systems LLC Metallic alloys having amorphous, nano-crystalline, or microcrystalline structure
US9843076B2 (en) 2011-10-20 2017-12-12 Continental Structural Plastics, Inc. Energy cell temperature management
WO2018113450A1 (en) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-28 中国矿业大学 Phase-change material/air-coupled cascade battery thermal management system
FR3063340A1 (en) * 2017-02-28 2018-08-31 Hutchinson THERMAL DEVICE WITH SAFETY EXHAUST
CN109148769A (en) * 2018-08-16 2019-01-04 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 A kind of battery management system, control method and automobile
US20210257689A1 (en) * 2018-11-02 2021-08-19 Tvs Motor Company Limited Holder structure for energy storage cells and method for manufacturing the same
US20220363144A1 (en) * 2021-05-17 2022-11-17 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Traction battery pack thermal management assembly

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5158841A (en) * 1990-04-26 1992-10-27 Abb Patent Gmbh High-temperature storage battery

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5158841A (en) * 1990-04-26 1992-10-27 Abb Patent Gmbh High-temperature storage battery

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2748858A1 (en) * 1996-05-14 1997-11-21 Renault Car battery for preforming in extreme weather conditions
WO2001061778A2 (en) * 2000-02-15 2001-08-23 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Method and device relating to battery temperature regulation
WO2001061778A3 (en) * 2000-02-15 2002-01-03 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Method and device relating to battery temperature regulation
US6596433B2 (en) 2000-02-15 2003-07-22 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Method and device relating to battery temperature regulation
US8273474B2 (en) 2000-02-29 2012-09-25 Illinois Institute Of Technology Battery system thermal management
US6468689B1 (en) * 2000-02-29 2002-10-22 Illinois Institute Of Technology Thermal management of battery systems
US6942944B2 (en) 2000-02-29 2005-09-13 Illinois Institute Of Technology Battery system thermal management
FR2836283A1 (en) * 2002-02-18 2003-08-22 Renault Fuel cell for electric motor vehicle has cells each with anode, cathode and electrolyte between two bipolar cells, and some cells having phase change material
EP1378718A1 (en) * 2002-07-05 2004-01-07 Alcatel Housing for electronic equipment
FR2895838A1 (en) * 2006-01-04 2007-07-06 Vehicules Electr Societe Par A Electric battery e.g. lithium-ion electrochemical type rechargeable battery, for e.g. electric motor vehicle, has device with phase changing material having eutectic mixture including specific solid liquid transformation temperature
WO2008142223A1 (en) 2007-04-19 2008-11-27 Societe De Vehicules Electriques Electric battery comprising thermal packaging modules encapsulated in a structural matrix
FR2915320A1 (en) * 2007-04-19 2008-10-24 Socite De Vehicules Electr Soc ELECTRIC BATTERY COMPRISING THERMAL CONDITIONING MODULES COATED BY A STRUCTURAL MATRIX
DE102010012949A1 (en) * 2010-03-26 2011-09-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Capacitor module, has control unit for controlling temperature of cells, where control unit includes phase change material, which is in contact with cells to absorb heat delivered by cells and located on surface of cooling body
US9843076B2 (en) 2011-10-20 2017-12-12 Continental Structural Plastics, Inc. Energy cell temperature management
US8808914B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2014-08-19 Energy Power Systems, LLC Lead-acid battery design having versatile form factor
US9595360B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2017-03-14 Energy Power Systems LLC Metallic alloys having amorphous, nano-crystalline, or microcrystalline structure
US9263721B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2016-02-16 Energy Power Systems LLC Lead-acid battery design having versatile form factor
CN103963605B (en) * 2013-01-25 2016-08-17 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Vehicle heat pump system and the method utilizing accumulation of heat
CN103963605A (en) * 2013-01-25 2014-08-06 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Vehicle heat pump system and method utilizing thermal storage
US9327577B2 (en) 2013-01-25 2016-05-03 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Vehicle heat pump system and method utilizing thermal storage
FR3003938A1 (en) * 2013-03-29 2014-10-03 Valeo Systemes Thermiques THERMAL EXCHANGE PLATE FOR THERMAL BATTERY MANAGEMENT AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME.
WO2014154883A1 (en) * 2013-03-29 2014-10-02 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Heat-exchange panel for battery heat management and associated production method
ITMI20132047A1 (en) * 2013-12-09 2015-06-10 Fiamm Energy Storage Solutions S P A SYSTEM FOR TEMPERATURE CONTROL IN BATTERIES CONSISTING OF HIGH TEMPERATURE CELLS BASED ON SODIUM
WO2018113450A1 (en) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-28 中国矿业大学 Phase-change material/air-coupled cascade battery thermal management system
JP2019510346A (en) * 2016-12-22 2019-04-11 中国▲鉱▼▲業▼大学 Stepped battery thermal management system combining thermal management with phase change material and thermal management with air
FR3063340A1 (en) * 2017-02-28 2018-08-31 Hutchinson THERMAL DEVICE WITH SAFETY EXHAUST
WO2018158538A1 (en) * 2017-02-28 2018-09-07 Hutchinson Thermal device with safe discharging
CN110537068A (en) * 2017-02-28 2019-12-03 哈金森公司 Hot equipment with safe discharge pipe
CN109148769A (en) * 2018-08-16 2019-01-04 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 A kind of battery management system, control method and automobile
CN109148769B (en) * 2018-08-16 2021-07-16 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 Battery management system, control method and automobile
US20210257689A1 (en) * 2018-11-02 2021-08-19 Tvs Motor Company Limited Holder structure for energy storage cells and method for manufacturing the same
US20220363144A1 (en) * 2021-05-17 2022-11-17 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Traction battery pack thermal management assembly
US11772500B2 (en) * 2021-05-17 2023-10-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Traction battery pack thermal management assembly

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Publication number Publication date
GB2289976B (en) 1997-01-15
GB9510084D0 (en) 1995-07-12

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