WO2018113310A1 - 一种多叶准直器叶片定位装置 - Google Patents

一种多叶准直器叶片定位装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018113310A1
WO2018113310A1 PCT/CN2017/096216 CN2017096216W WO2018113310A1 WO 2018113310 A1 WO2018113310 A1 WO 2018113310A1 CN 2017096216 W CN2017096216 W CN 2017096216W WO 2018113310 A1 WO2018113310 A1 WO 2018113310A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
positioning
blade
positioning signal
leaf collimator
signal
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PCT/CN2017/096216
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨斌
张盟蒙
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西安大医数码科技有限公司
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Application filed by 西安大医数码科技有限公司 filed Critical 西安大医数码科技有限公司
Priority to US16/472,709 priority Critical patent/US11173326B2/en
Publication of WO2018113310A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018113310A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1042—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy with spatial modulation of the radiation beam within the treatment head
    • A61N5/1045—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy with spatial modulation of the radiation beam within the treatment head using a multi-leaf collimator, e.g. for intensity modulated radiation therapy or IMRT
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
    • A61N5/1049—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
    • A61N5/1049—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam
    • A61N2005/105—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam using a laser alignment system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of radiotherapy devices, and more particularly to a multi-leaf collimator blade positioning device.
  • the multi-leaf collimator is an indispensable key component in precision radiotherapy in modern radiotherapy equipment.
  • the positioning of the blade position is one of the key technologies.
  • the position of the blade is positioned, usually by using a motor encoder mounted on the motor shaft end to measure the number of revolutions of the motor, and the displacement of the blade motion can be obtained according to the number of revolutions of the motor rotation, according to the displacement of the blade motion and the blade.
  • the original position of the blade can be obtained.
  • the motor is connected to the blade through a transmission mechanism such as a coupling and a screw, and the motor encoder is located at the other end of the motor relative to the blade.
  • the motor encoder reading reflects the number of revolutions of the motor, and the position of the blade can be estimated by the mechanical structure and the corresponding calculation formula.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-leaf collimator blade positioning device capable of positioning the position of each blade of the multi-leaf collimator, directly reading the current position of each blade, and matching the wire.
  • the rod provides precise control of the movement of the blade.
  • the leaf collimator blade positioning device comprises: a launching plate, a receiving plate and a positioning module; wherein the transmitting plate and the receiving plate are oppositely disposed on the blade guiding box of the multi-leaf collimator, and the positioning plate is provided with a plurality of positioning signal transmitters a plurality of positioning signal receivers are disposed on the receiving board, and the blades of the multi-leaf collimator are disposed between the relative positioning signal transmitter and the positioning signal receiver, and the positioning signal transmitting path of the positioning signal transmitter is parallel to the multi-leaf A plane formed by the movement of the blades of the collimator; the positioning module is coupled to each of the positioning signal receivers to receive an output signal of the positioning signal receiver.
  • the plurality of positioning signal transmitters and the positioning signal receivers are all arranged in a matrix manner.
  • the positioning signal transmitter and the positioning signal receiver are respectively disposed on the positioning signal transmitting board and the positioning signal receiving board in a patch type, in-line type or soldering manner.
  • the positioning signal is an electromagnetic wave signal.
  • adjacent electromagnetic wave signal transmitters emit electromagnetic wave signals at different transmission frequencies.
  • the transmitting plate and the receiving plate are fixed on the blade rail box cover or integrally formed with the blade guide box.
  • both the transmitting board and the receiving board are connected to the fixed frame of the blade, and the radiation shielding board is respectively disposed on a side of the transmitting board and the receiving board facing away from the positioning signal transmitter and the positioning signal receiver.
  • the positioning module includes a receiving unit, an encoder and a signal shaping unit connected in sequence, the signal shaping unit is connected to the receiving unit and the encoder, and the encoder is connected to the positioning signal receiver to encode and generate the positioning signal received by the positioning signal receiver. data.
  • the positioning module further includes a level converting unit, and the level converting unit is connected to the signal shaping unit and the encoder.
  • the positioning module further includes an output unit connected to the encoder, and the output end of the output unit is connected to a display device or directly output to the collimator control unit.
  • the multi-leaf collimator blade positioning device of the present invention comprises: a transmitting plate, a receiving plate and a positioning module; wherein the transmitting plate and the receiving plate are oppositely disposed on the blade guiding box of the multi-leaf collimator
  • the plurality of positioning signal transmitters are disposed on the transmitting board, and the plurality of positioning signal receivers are correspondingly disposed on the receiving board, and the blades of the multi-leaf collimator are disposed between the relative positioning signal transmitter and the positioning signal receiver, and positioning Signal transmitter's positioning signal transmission path A plane formed parallel to the movement of the blades of the multi-leaf collimator;
  • the positioning module is coupled to each of the positioning signal receivers to receive an output signal of the positioning signal receiver.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the appearance of an embodiment of a blade positioning device for a multi-leaf collimator according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a launching plate of a blade positioning device of a multi-leaf collimator according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a receiving plate of a blade positioning device of a multi-leaf collimator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a positioning module of a blade positioning device of a multi-leaf collimator provided by the present invention.
  • the multi-leaf collimator is an indispensable key component in precision radiotherapy in modern radiotherapy equipment.
  • the positioning of the blade position is one of the key technologies.
  • the first method is to measure the rotational rotation number of the motor by using a motor encoder mounted on the motor shaft end, and the displacement of the blade motion can be obtained according to the number of revolutions of the motor rotation. According to the displacement of the blade motion and the original position of the blade, the blade can be obtained.
  • the location The motor is connected to the blade through a transmission mechanism such as a coupling and a screw, and the motor encoder is located at the other end of the motor relative to the blade.
  • the motor encoder reading reflects The number of rotations of the motor can be estimated by the mechanical structure and the corresponding calculation formula.
  • the second method of detection is to use a potentiometer mounted on the shaft end of the motor for inspection.
  • the potentiometer can convert the mechanical displacement into a resistive or voltage output with which it is determined.
  • the motor drives the blade to move
  • the motor also drives the movable end of the potentiometer to move, and the resistance of the potentiometer changes.
  • the amount of change in the resistance reflects the magnitude of the displacement, and the increase or decrease in the resistance indicates the direction of the displacement.
  • It adopts high-precision linear potentiometer, which has good linearity and precision.
  • the disadvantages are too much wiring, high failure rate, difficult maintenance, and high-precision linear potentiometer.
  • the brush on the moving end is easy to wear and has a short service life.
  • the third type of detection is an optical imaging device.
  • the optical imaging device simulates the field of radiation using visible light, and the field of the visible light is the same as the field of the radiation. Therefore, the position of the blade is adjusted in accordance with the light field formed by the visible light passing through the multi-blade grating.
  • the visible light in the optical imaging device is easily interfered by ambient light, and when the ambient light is relatively strong, the monitoring accuracy of the optical imaging device is relatively low. Therefore, the use of an optical imaging device to monitor the position of the blade has a problem of poor anti-interference performance.
  • the advantage of using a CCD camera system is that the MLC position is displayed without much wiring, high spatial resolution and positional linearity.
  • the disadvantage is that the CCD camera is not resistant to radiation and needs to be replaced frequently; and an optical system is required, making adjustment and maintenance more difficult.
  • the present invention provides a blade positioning device for a multi-leaf collimator.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the appearance of an embodiment of a blade positioning device for a multi-leaf collimator according to the present invention.
  • the device 100 is disposed on a blade guide box 101 of a multi-leaf collimator of a radiotherapy apparatus, and includes a transmitting plate 110, a receiving plate 120, and a positioning device 130.
  • the specific structure of the transmitting plate 110 and the receiving plate 120 in Fig. 1 is blocked by the upper surface 103 of the blade guide box and the blade, and the specific structure is as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the multi-leaf collimator of the radiotherapy apparatus includes a blade shield cover 104, a blade guide box upper surface 103, a blade guide box 101 composed of a motor mounting frame 107 and a blade fixing frame 102, and a blade 108 moving within the blade guide box 101,
  • the motor mounted on the motor mount 106 in the motor mounting frame 107 controls the blade 108 to move by driving a lead screw 105 that connects each blade.
  • the blade fixing frame 102 is disposed in parallel with the blade for fixing the blade to prevent the blade from scattering and providing a sliding guide for the blade.
  • the transmitting plate 110 and the receiving plate 120 are disposed opposite to the upper and lower end faces of the end portion of the blade 108 in the blade guide box 101, and together with the blade fixing frame 102 and the motor mounting frame 107 form the surface of the cubic structure of the blade rail box 101.
  • the launching plate 110 is directly fixed under the rail box blade cover 104
  • the receiving plate 120 is directly fixed on the underside of the rail box 101 or integrally formed with the blade rail box 101.
  • the mounting positions of the transmitting board and the receiving board are interchangeable.
  • a plurality of positioning signal transmitters 111 are disposed on the transmitting board 110, and correspondingly, the positioning signal receivers 121 are disposed on the receiving board 120 by the same number as the positioning signal transmitters 111, and the positioning signals transmitted by the positioning signal transmitters 111 are received.
  • a corresponding positioning signal receiver 121 is received on the board 120.
  • the blade 108 of the multi-leaf collimator has a distal end face, a front end face, and upper and lower end faces.
  • the front end surface is directed to the traveling direction of the blade 108, the end surface is connected to the screw rod 105, and the upper and lower end surfaces are respectively opposite to the transmitting board 110 and the receiving board 120.
  • the positioning signal transmitter 111 and the positioning signal receiver 121 respectively face the upper and lower end faces of the blade 108, preferably the center positions of the upper and lower end faces of the end face.
  • the positioning signal transmitter 111 and the positioning signal receiver 121 are both disposed on the transmitting board 110 and the receiving board 120 in a patch-type, in-line soldering manner.
  • the positioning signal transmitter 111 and the positioning signal receiver 121 are arranged in a matrix on the surfaces of the transmitting board 110 and the receiving board 120, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the transmitting board 110 is further provided with a modulating circuit 22 and a positioning signal transmission control circuit 23.
  • the modulating function of the modulating circuit 22 causes the positioning signal transmitter to transmit positioning signals having different frequency characteristics to avoid mutual interference of adjacent beams.
  • the positioning signal transmitted by each column of the positioning signal transmitter 111 in the matrix form is set to an arithmetic progression by the modulation circuit 23, and can also be set to other forms such as a geometric progression; the transmission control circuit 23 is provided by the positioning signal.
  • the control positioning signal transmitter 111 transmits a positioning signal.
  • Positioning signal is electromagnetic wave
  • the signal is preferably laser, infrared, ultraviolet or visible light.
  • a power supply port 24 is also included for providing power to the positioning signal transmitter 111.
  • the positioning signal emission path emitted by the positioning signal transmitter 111 is parallel to the plane formed by the movement of the blades 108 of the multi-leaf collimator.
  • 60x12 positioning signal transmitters 111 may be disposed on the transmitting board 110, and the same number of positioning signal receivers 121 are disposed on the receiving board 120 corresponding to the position of the positioning signal transmitter 111.
  • the positioning signal transmitter 121 is preferably a laser emitting diode, and the positioning signal receiver 121 receives the laser beam emitted by the laser emitting diode.
  • a radiation shielding plate 104 is disposed on a side of the transmitting plate 110 and the receiving plate 120 facing away from the positioning signal transmitter 111 and the positioning signal receiver 121, respectively.
  • the positioning module 130 includes a receiving unit 131 and a signal shaping unit 132 that are sequentially connected. And an encoder 133, wherein the signal shaping unit 132 is connected to the receiving unit 131 and the encoder 133, and the encoder 133 is also connected to a storage device 150.
  • the positioning module 130 further includes a level converting unit 134 and an output unit 135 connected to the encoder 132.
  • the level converting unit 134 is connected to the signal shaping unit 133 and the encoder 133.
  • the output of the output unit 135 is connected to a display device 160.
  • the receiving unit 131 is composed of a receiving diode or a photosensitive element and its corresponding auxiliary circuit, and its receiving end is connected to each positioning signal receiver 121 for converting the positioning signal received by the positioning signal receiver 121 into an identifiable signal; the signal shaping circuit 132 It is used for signal shaping of the identifiable signal converted by the receiving unit; the encoder 133 encodes the shaped signal and outputs the encoded result, and stores the encoded result in the memory 150 connected to the encoder 133.
  • the positioning signal transmitter 111 is a laser diode, and the transmitting laser signal is received by the positioning signal receiver 121, and then converted into a certain waveform electrical signal by the receiving diode and its auxiliary circuit, and the signal shaping circuit 132 will receive the signal.
  • the electric signal becomes a digital pulse signal
  • the encoder 133 encodes the output pulse signal, outputs a number indicating the state of the switch, and stores it in the memory 150 for output and display at any time.
  • the circuit structure of the positioning module 130 is as shown in FIG.
  • the blades of the multi-leaf collimator include two groups, so that the emission plate 110 and the receiving plate 120 are respectively disposed on both sides of the two sets of blades.
  • the initial position of the blade is a position close to the motor mount 107, at which time the two sets of blades are separated.
  • Driving the screw 105 through the motor during the treatment of the radiotherapy device The blade 108 is controlled to move. When the blade 108 is in the initial position, it is between the transmitting plate 110 and the receiving plate 120, and the upper and lower end faces of each of the blades 108 are respectively aligned with a matrix in the array of the positioning signal transmitter 111 and the positioning signal receiver 121.
  • the positioning signal sent by the positioning signal transmitter 111 cannot be received by the corresponding positioning signal receiver 121.
  • the initial position of the blade 108 may be the position of the motor mount 106 disposed adjacent to both sides of the blade rail box 101, or as an initial position when both sets of blades are in the middle position of the blade rail box 101.
  • each column of the positioning signal transmitters 111 arranged in a matrix and each column of the positioning signal receivers 121 opposed thereto face the upper and lower end faces of the blades 108.
  • the two sets of blades may move in opposite directions or in opposite directions.
  • the positioning signal transmitted by the partial positioning signal transmitter 111 is received by the corresponding positioning signal receiver 121 due to the movement of the blade 108, and the positioning signal receiver 121 transmits the signal to the positioning module 130.
  • a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the receiving board 120 is shown in FIG.
  • the positioning module 130 calculates the relative position of the blade motion according to the installation position and state of the positioning signal receiver 121.
  • the number of positioning signal transmitters 111 and positioning signal receivers 121 is increased or decreased depending on the number of actual blade units.
  • the receiving unit 131, the signal shaping unit 132, the encoder 133, and the storage device 150 are all integrated in an integrated circuit of the receiving board 120.
  • the circuit is preferably implemented by a field programmable gate array FPGA.
  • the power supply control signal of the positioning signal transmitter 111 is given by the FPGA gating circuit, and the timing and time of the transmission can be controlled to reduce the system power consumption.
  • the positioning signal receivers 121 when the blade is in the initial position, all of the positioning signal receivers 121 are not provided with the positioning signal, and all are in the lightless off state; when the blade is moving, the receiving plate 120 no longer covers the portion of the blade 108.
  • the positioning signal receiver 121 disposed thereon is sequentially turned on one by one by receiving the positioning signal. According to the position of the receiving positioning signal receiver 121, the position of the blade can be estimated, which can be used for calibrating the coding accuracy of the multi-leaf grating collimator. .
  • the multi-leaf collimator blade positioning device of the present invention comprises: a transmitting plate, a receiving plate and a positioning module; wherein the transmitting plate and the receiving plate are oppositely disposed on the blade guiding box of the multi-leaf collimator
  • On the transmitting board a plurality of positioning signal transmitters are arranged, and the receiving board is opposite.
  • a plurality of positioning signal receivers should be provided.
  • the blades of the multi-leaf collimator are disposed between the relative positioning signal transmitter and the positioning signal receiver, and the positioning signal transmitting path of the positioning signal transmitter is parallel to the multi-leaf collimator.
  • the positioning module is coupled to each of the positioning signal receivers to receive an output signal of the positioning signal receiver.

Abstract

一种多叶准直器叶片定位装置（100），包括：发射板（110）、接收板（120）和定位模块(130)；其中，发射板（110）和接收板（120）相对设置于多叶准直器的叶片导轨箱（101）上，发射板（110）上设置多个定位信号发射器（111），接收板（120）上对应设置多个定位信号接收器（121），多叶准直器的叶片（108）设置于相对的定位信号发射器（111）和定位信号接收器（121）之间，定位信号发射器（111）的定位信号发射路径平行于多叶准直器的叶片（108）移动形成的平面；定位模块（130）连接每一定位信号接收器（121）以接收定位信号发射器（111）的输出信号。通过本技术方案，能够对多叶准直器的每一叶片（108）的位置进行定位，直接读取每一叶片（108）当前所处的位置，配合丝杆（105）对叶片（108）的移动进行精确控制。

Description

一种多叶准直器叶片定位装置 技术领域
本发明涉及放疗设备领域，特别是涉及一种多叶准直器叶片定位装置。
背景技术
多叶准直器是现代放疗设备中精准化放疗不可缺少的关键部件，叶片位置的定位，是其中的一种关键技术。现有技术在对叶片位置进行定位是，通常是利用安装于电机轴端的电机编码器测得电机的旋转转数，根据电机旋转的转数可以获得叶片运动的位移，根据叶片运动的位移以及叶片的原始位置，可以获得叶片所处的位置。电机通过联轴器、丝杆等传动机构与叶片连接，电机编码器位于电机相对于叶片的另一端。当电机通过联轴器驱动丝杠带动叶片的运动时，电机编码器读数即反映电机旋转转数，通过机械结构及相应计算公式可以估算叶片的位置。
但是，此方法中，由于电机的转动要经过一系列的传动机构才能带动叶片移动，传动结构之间难免存在安装的公差，因此，电机编码器根据电机转数获得的叶片位置和叶片实际运动位置之间会存在误差，从而会导致电机编码器测量精度低；且该方法不能直接测量叶片的位置，一旦出现叶片丝杆滑脱，根本不能反映叶片的真实位置。叶片的位置精度严重影响多叶光栅形成的射野精度，是影响调强放疗等高精度的放射治疗方法效果的重要因素。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种多叶准直器叶片定位装置，能够对多叶准直器的每一叶片的位置进行定位，直接读取每一叶片当前所处的位置，配合丝杆对叶片的移动进行精确控制。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的一个技术方案是：提供一种多 叶准直器叶片定位装置，包括：发射板、接收板和定位模块；其中，发射板和接收板相对设置于多叶准直器的叶片导轨箱上，发射板上设置多个定位信号发射器，接收板上对应设置多个定位信号接收器，多叶准直器的的叶片设置于相对的定位信号发射器和定位信号接收器之间，定位信号发射器的定位信号发射路径平行于多叶准直器的叶片移动形成的平面；定位模块连接每一定位信号接收器以接收定位信号接收器的输出信号。
其中，多个定位信号发射器和定位信号接收器均呈矩阵方式设置。
其中，定位信号发射器和定位信号接收器分别以贴片式、直插式或焊接的方式设置于定位信号发射板和定位信号接收板上。
其中，定位信号为电磁波信号。
其中，电磁波信号发射器矩阵中，相邻的电磁波信号发射器以不同发射频率发射电磁波信号。
其中，发射板和接收板固定在叶片导轨箱盖板上，或者与叶片导轨箱一体成型。
其中，发射板和接收板均连接叶片的固定框架，且在发射板和接收板背离定位信号发射器和定位信号接收器的一侧分别设置防辐射板。
其中，定位模块包括依序连接的接收单元、编码器以及信号整形单元，信号整形单元连接接收单元和编码器，编码器连接定位信号接收器，以对定位信号接收器接收的定位信号进行编码生成数据。
其中，定位模块还包括一电平转换单元，电平转换单元连接信号整形单元和编码器。
其中，定位模块进一步包括连接编码器的输出单元，输出单元的输出端连接一显示装置或直接输出到准直器控制单元。
区别于现有技术，本发明的多叶准直器叶片定位装置，该装置包括：发射板、接收板和定位模块；其中，发射板和接收板相对设置于多叶准直器的叶片导轨箱上，发射板上设置多个定位信号发射器，接收板上对应设置多个定位信号接收器，多叶准直器的的叶片设置于相对的定位信号发射器和定位信号接收器之间，定位信号发射器的定位信号发射路径 平行于多叶准直器的叶片移动形成的平面；定位模块连接每一定位信号接收器以接收定位信号接收器的输出信号。通过本发明，能够对多叶准直器的每一叶片的位置进行粗略定位，直接读取每一叶片当前所处的位置，配合丝杆对叶片的移动进行精确控制。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的一种多叶准直器的叶片定位装置的实施方式的外观结构示意图；
图2是本发明提供的一种多叶准直器的叶片定位装置的发射板的结构示意图；
图3是本发明提供的一种多叶准直器的叶片定位装置的接收板的结构示意图；
图4是本发明提供的一种多叶准直器的叶片定位装置的定位模块的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案作进一步更详细的描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应属于本发明保护的范围。
多叶准直器是现代放疗设备中精准化放疗不可缺少的关键部件，叶片位置的定位，是其中的关键技术之一。现有技术对叶片进行定位时主要有以下三种叶片位置的检测方法。
第一种方法是利用安装于电机轴端的电机编码器测得电机的旋转转数，根据电机旋转的转数可以获得叶片运动的位移，根据叶片运动的位移以及叶片的原始位置，可以获得叶片所处的位置。电机通过联轴器、丝杆等传动机构与叶片连接，电机编码器位于电机相对于叶片的另一端。当电机通过联轴器驱动丝杠带动叶片的运动时，电机编码器读数即反映 电机旋转转数，通过机械结构及相应计算公式可以估算叶片的位置。但是，此方法中，由于电机的转动要经过一系列的传动机构才能带动叶片移动，传动结构之间难免存在安装的公差，因此，电机编码器根据电机转数获得的叶片位置和叶片实际运动位置之间会存在误差，从而会导致电机编码器测量精度低。极端情况下，当机械系统故障如丝杠螺母滑丝后，电机编码器数值并不能反映叶片的真实位置。
第二种检测方法是利用安装在电机轴端的电位器进行检测。电位器可以将机械位移转换成与之成确定关系的电阻或电压输出。当电机带动叶片运动时，电机也带动电位器移动端移动，则电位器的电阻变化。阻值的变化量反映了位移的量值，阻值的增加还是减小则表明了位移的方向。采用高精度线性电位器，它具有很好的线性和精度，缺点是接线太多、故障率高，维修困难，且需要高精度的线性电位器，移动端的电刷易磨损，使用寿命短。
第三种检测为光学成像装置。该光学成像装置利用可见光模拟放射线的射野，可见光的射光野和放射线的射野相同。因此，根据可见光经过多叶光栅后的形成的光野调整叶片的位置。但是，光学成像装置中的可见光容易受到环境光的干扰，在环境光比较强时，光学成像装置的监测精度比较低。因此，利用光学成像装置监测叶片位置存在抗干扰性能差的问题。使用CCD照相机系统，优点是：MLC位置所述显示，没有太多接线，较高的空间分辨率和位置线性等。缺点是：CCD相机不耐辐射，需要经常更换；且需一套光学系统，调整维护较困难。
叶片的位置精度严重影响多叶光栅形成的射野精度，是影响调强放疗等高精度的放射治疗方法效果的重要因素。针对现有技术的缺陷，本发明提供了一种多叶准直器的叶片定位装置。
参阅图1，图1是本发明提供的一种多叶准直器的叶片定位装置的实施方式的外观结构示意图。该装置100设置于一放疗设备多叶准直器的叶片导轨箱101上，包括发射板110、接收板120和定位装置130。图1中发射板110和接收板120的具体结构被叶片导轨箱上表面103和叶片阻挡，具体结构如图2所示。
放疗设备的多叶准直器包括叶片屏蔽盖板104、叶片导轨箱上表面103、由电机安装框架107和叶片固定框架102组成的叶片导轨箱101及在叶片导轨箱101内移动的叶片108，电机安装框架107中安装在电机安装座106上安装的电机通过驱动连接每一叶片的丝杆105控制叶片108进行移动。叶片固定框架102与叶片平行设置，用于固定叶片防止叶片散落，并为叶片提供滑动导轨。
发射板110和接收板120相对设置于叶片导轨箱101内叶片108末段部分的上下端面，与叶片固定框架102及电机安装框架107共同形成叶片导轨箱101的立方体结构的表面。发射板110直接固定在导轨箱叶片盖板104下面，接收板120直接固定在导轨箱101下面上，或与叶片导轨箱101一体成型设置。发射板与接收板的安装位置可以互换。在发射板110上设置多个定位信号发射器111，同时在接收板120上对应的设置与定位信号发射器111数量相同的定位信号接收器121，且定位信号发射器111发射的定位信号被接收板120上对应设置的定位信号接收器121接收。
在本实施方式中，多叶准直器的叶片108具有一个末端面、一个前端面和上下两个端面。其中，前端面指向叶片108的行进方向，末端面连接丝杆105，上下端面分别正对发射板110和接收板120。定位信号发射器111与定位信号接收器121分别正对叶片108上下端面，优选正对末段上下端面的中心位置。定位信号发射器111和定位信号接收器121均以贴片式、直插式焊接的方式设置于发射板110和接收板120上。定位信号发射器111和定位信号接收器121在发射板110和接收板120的表面均呈矩阵排列，如图2和图3所示。
在图2中，发射板110还设置了调制电路22和定位信号发射控制电路23，通过调制电路22的调制作用使定位信号发射器发射频率特性不同的定位信号，以避免相邻光束的相互干扰，本实施方式中通过调制电路23将矩阵形式设置的每列定位信号发射器111发射的定位信号设置为等差数列，同时还可设置为等比数列等其他形式；通过定位信号发射控制电路23控制定位信号发射器111发射定位信号。定位信号为电磁波 信号，优选为激光、红外线、紫外线或可见光。同时还包括一供电端口24，用于为定位信号发射器111提供电源。定位信号发射器111发射的定位信号发射路径平行于多叶准直器的叶片108移动形成的平面。在本实施方式中，可在发射板110上设置60x12个定位信号发射器111，在接收板120上对应定位信号发射器111的位置设置相同数量的定位信号接收器121。定位信号发射器121优选为激光发射二极管，定位信号接收器121接收激光发射二极管发射的激光射线。
在发射板110和接收板120背离定位信号发射器111和定位信号接收器121的一侧分别设置防辐射板104。
定位模块130包括依序连接的接收单元131、信号整形单元132
Figure PCTCN2017096216-appb-000001
和编码器133，其中信号整形单元132连接接收单元131和编码器133，编码器133还连接一存储装置150。定位模块130还包括一电平转换单元134和连接编码器132的输出单元135，该电平转换单元134连接信号整形单元133和编码器133，输出单元135的输出端连接一显示装置160。
接收单元131由接收二极管或光敏元件及其相应附属电路组成，其接收端连接每一定位信号接收器121，用于将定位信号接收器121接收的定位信号转换为可识别信号；信号整形电路132用于对接收单元转换成的可识别信号进行信号整形；编码器133将整形完成的信号进行编码并输出编码结果，将编码结果存储到编码器133连接的存储器150。事例的，定位信号发射器111为激光二极管，发射激光信号被定位信号接收器121接收，再由接收二极管及其附属电路作用将其转换为一定波形的电信号，信号整形电路132将接收到的电信号变成数字脉冲信号，编码器133将输出的脉冲信号进行编码，输出表示开关状态的数字，并送存储器150寄存起来，以便随时输出和显示。定位模块130的电路结构如图4所示。
多叶准直器的叶片包括两组，因此在两组叶片的两侧分别设置发射板110和接收板120。叶片的初始位置为靠近电机安装座107的位置，此时两组叶片之间分离。在放疗设备治疗过程中，通过电机驱动丝杆105 控制叶片108移动。叶片108在初始位置时，处于发射板110和接收板120之间，每一叶片108的上下端面分别正对矩阵设置的定位信号发射器111及定位信号接收器121的阵列中的一列，此时定位信号发射器111发出的定位信号无法被对应的定位信号接收器121接收。叶片108初始位置可为靠近叶片导轨箱101两侧设置的电机安装座106的位置，或者当两组叶片都处于叶片导轨箱101的中部位置时作为初始位置。叶片在起始位置时，设置呈矩阵排列的每列定位信号发射器111和与其相对的每列定位信号接收器121正对一叶片108的上下端面。叶片从起始位置开始移动的移动过程中，两组叶片可能相向移动或者反向移动。叶片108从起始位置移动时，由于定位信号发射器111和定位信号接收器121正对叶片的末段上下端面中心位置，当叶片108移动到部分脱离发射板110和接收板120的覆盖范围时，因叶片108移动而导致部分定位信号发射器111发射的定位信号被对应的定位信号接收器121接收，定位信号接收器121传输信号到定位模块130。接收板120的电路结构示意图如图3所示。定位模块130根据定位信号接收器121的安装位置和状态计算出叶片运动的相对位置。定位信号发射器111、定位信号接收器121的数量视实际叶片单元数目增减。接收单元131、信号整形单元132、编码器133、及存储装置150均集成设置于接收板120的集成电路中，该电路优选可用现场可编程门阵列FPGA实现。可选的，定位信号发射器111的供电控制信号由FPGA门控电路给出，可以控制其发射时机和时间，减少系统耗电量。
在本实施方式中，当叶片处于初始位置时，所有的定位信号接收器121均得不到定位信号，全部处于无光关断状态；当叶片运动时，接收板120不再覆盖叶片108的部分上设置的定位信号接收器121会依次因接收到定位信号而逐一接通，根据接通定位信号接收器121的位置，可以推算叶片的位置，可用于校准多叶光栅准直器的编码准确度。
区别于现有技术，本发明的多叶准直器叶片定位装置，该装置包括：发射板、接收板和定位模块；其中，发射板和接收板相对设置于多叶准直器的叶片导轨箱上，发射板上设置多个定位信号发射器，接收板上对 应设置多个定位信号接收器，多叶准直器的的叶片设置于相对的定位信号发射器和定位信号接收器之间，定位信号发射器的定位信号发射路径平行于多叶准直器的叶片移动形成的平面；定位模块连接每一定位信号接收器以接收定位信号接收器的输出信号。通过本发明，能够对多叶准直器的每一叶片的位置进行粗略定位，直接读取每一叶片当前所处的位置，配合丝杆对叶片的移动进行精确控制。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施方式，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

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  1. 一种多叶准直器叶片定位装置，设置于一放疗设备多叶准直器的叶片导轨箱上，其特征在于，包括：
    发射板、接收板和定位模块；其中，所述发射板和所述接收板相对设置于所述多叶准直器的叶片导轨箱上，所述发射板上设置多个定位信号发射器，所述接收板上对应设置多个定位信号接收器，所述多叶准直器的的叶片设置于相对的所述定位信号发射器和所述定位信号接收器之间，所述定位信号发射器的定位信号发射路径平行于多叶准直器的叶片移动形成的平面；所述定位模块连接每一所述定位信号接收器以接收所述定位信号接收器的输出信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多叶准直器叶片定位装置，其特征在于，所述多个定位信号发射器和定位信号接收器均呈矩阵方式设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的多叶准直器叶片定位装置，其特征在于，所述定位信号发射器和定位信号接收器分别以贴片式、直插式或焊接的方式设置于所述定位信号发射板和所述定位信号接收板上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的多叶准直器叶片定位装置，其特征在于，所述定位信号为电磁波信号。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4任意一项所述的多叶准直器叶片定位装置，其特征在于，所述电磁波信号发射器矩阵中，相邻的电磁波信号发射器以不同发射频率发射所述电磁波信号。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的多叶准直器叶片定位装置，其特征在于，所述发射板和所述接收板固定在叶片导轨箱盖板上，或者与所述叶片导轨箱一体成型。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的多叶准直器叶片定位装置，其特征在于，所述发射板和所述接收板均连接所述叶片的固定框架，且在所述发射板和所述接收板背离所述定位信号发射器和所述定位信号接收器的一侧分别设置防辐射板。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的多叶准直器叶片定位装置，其特征在于，所述定位模块包括依序连接的接收单元、编码器以及信号整形单元，所述信号整形单元连接所述接收单元和所述编码器。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的多叶准直器叶片定位装置，其特征在于，所述定位模块还包括一电平转换单元，所述电平转换单元连接所述信号整形单元和所述编码器。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的多叶准直器叶片定位装置，其特征在于，所述定位模块进一步包括连接所述编码器的输出单元，所述输出单元的输出端连接一显示装置或直接输出到准直器控制单元。
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