WO2018110610A1 - 電荷輸送層、および有機光電子素子 - Google Patents
電荷輸送層、および有機光電子素子 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018110610A1 WO2018110610A1 PCT/JP2017/044772 JP2017044772W WO2018110610A1 WO 2018110610 A1 WO2018110610 A1 WO 2018110610A1 JP 2017044772 W JP2017044772 W JP 2017044772W WO 2018110610 A1 WO2018110610 A1 WO 2018110610A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- transport layer
- charge transport
- film
- organic
- anode
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920005548 perfluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 perfluoro Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- CEGOHIRBPWQSQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenoxybut-1-ene Chemical compound C=CCCOC=C CEGOHIRBPWQSQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 248
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 110
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 9
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 9
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010549 co-Evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 0 Cc1cc(C(CCc2cc(N(c3cc(C)ccc3)c3cc(*)ccc3)ccc2)c2cccc(*)c2)ccc1 Chemical compound Cc1cc(C(CCc2cc(N(c3cc(C)ccc3)c3cc(*)ccc3)ccc2)c2cccc(*)c2)ccc1 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- IWZZBBJTIUYDPZ-DVACKJPTSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;iridium;2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound [Ir].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.[C-]1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.[C-]1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 IWZZBBJTIUYDPZ-DVACKJPTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RFJVDJWCXSPUBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(difluoromethylidene)-4,4,5-trifluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound FC(F)=C1OC(F)(F)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)O1 RFJVDJWCXSPUBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKIJILZFXPFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-n-[4-[1-[4-(4-methyl-n-(4-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]cyclohexyl]phenyl]-n-(4-methylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C1(CCCCC1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 ZOKIJILZFXPFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIVZFUBWFAOMCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n-(3-methylphenyl)-1-n,1-n-bis[4-(n-(3-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]-4-n-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 DIVZFUBWFAOMCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XJSRKJAHJGCPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorohexane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F XJSRKJAHJGCPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKAGYSDHEJITFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-3-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)pentane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(OC)C(F)(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F QKAGYSDHEJITFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(O)C(F)(F)F BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKUNOXYIZAWALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-ol Chemical compound OC1OC=CO1 QKUNOXYIZAWALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- FQJQNLKWTRGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-[3-[5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C1=NN=C(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2OC(=NN=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)O1 FQJQNLKWTRGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNJRONVKWRHYBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(1-azatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-5,7,9(13)-trien-7-yl)ethenyl]-6-methylpyran-4-ylidene]propanedinitrile Chemical compound O1C(C)=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1C=CC1=CC(CCCN2CCC3)=C2C3=C1 ZNJRONVKWRHYBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 VQGHOUODWALEFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)chromen-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4OC3=O)N(CC)CC)=NC2=C1 GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXABMDQSAABDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenoxyprop-1-ene Chemical compound C=CCOC=C ZXABMDQSAABDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSYRISKCBOPJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxole Chemical compound FC1=C(F)OC(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)O1 YSYRISKCBOPJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSDMPJCOOXURQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C545T Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C3=CC=4C=C5C6=C(C=4OC3=O)C(C)(C)CCN6CCC5(C)C)=NC2=C1 MSDMPJCOOXURQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006358 Fluon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920000109 alkoxy-substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007611 bar coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007775 flexo coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002221 fluorine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007756 gravure coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009878 intermolecular interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC(C)C BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubrene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C11)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 YYMBJDOZVAITBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000391 spectroscopic ellipsometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/141—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aliphatic or olefinic chains, e.g. poly N-vinylcarbazol, PVC or PTFE
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/16—Electron transporting layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C09D127/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F14/185—Monomers containing fluorine not covered by the groups C08F14/20 - C08F14/28
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D127/22—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09D127/24—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment halogenated
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/10—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electroluminescent light sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/40—Organic transistors
- H10K10/46—Field-effect transistors, e.g. organic thin-film transistors [OTFT]
- H10K10/462—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs]
- H10K10/484—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs] characterised by the channel regions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
- H10K10/40—Organic transistors
- H10K10/46—Field-effect transistors, e.g. organic thin-film transistors [OTFT]
- H10K10/462—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs]
- H10K10/484—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs] characterised by the channel regions
- H10K10/488—Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs] characterised by the channel regions the channel region comprising a layer of composite material having interpenetrating or embedded materials, e.g. a mixture of donor and acceptor moieties, that form a bulk heterojunction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/858—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F116/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F116/12—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an ether radical
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/10—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene
- H10K2102/101—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO]
- H10K2102/103—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO] comprising indium oxides, e.g. ITO
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
- H10K2102/351—Thickness
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
- H10K50/155—Hole transporting layers comprising dopants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/805—Electrodes
- H10K50/81—Anodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/805—Electrodes
- H10K50/82—Cathodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a charge transport layer and an organic optoelectronic device.
- the internal quantum efficiency of an organic electroluminescent element has reached nearly 100%.
- the light extraction efficiency related to the external quantum efficiency is only about 20 to 30%, and improvement is required.
- One of the causes of the decrease in light extraction efficiency is that part of the light generated in the light emitting layer located between the two electrodes is lost in the device due to reflection, surface plasmon, wave guide, etc. in the device. Can be mentioned.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for improving light extraction efficiency by containing nano-sized porous silica particles in a charge transport layer and reducing the refractive index of the charge transport layer.
- the present invention provides a charge transport layer excellent in external quantum efficiency and an organic optoelectronic device provided with the charge transport layer.
- a charge transport layer comprising a film containing a fluoropolymer and a semiconductor material, wherein the film has a material composition in which ⁇ E th is in the range of 0.010 to 0.080 MV / cm. .
- the E th (A) is a threshold electric field when only the semiconductor material forms a measurement film in the following HOD
- the E th (B) is a threshold electric field when only the film forms a measurement film in the following HOD
- the threshold electric field is set to the above-mentioned standard of 0.
- HOD is a hole-only device having only the following layer structure: “glass substrate / ITO electrode (100 nm thickness) / MoO 3 (5 nm thickness) / measurement film (100 nm thickness) / Al electrode (100 nm thickness)”.
- An organic optoelectronic device comprising the charge transport layer according to any one of [1] to [8].
- the organic EL element includes an anode, a cathode provided facing the anode, a light emitting layer provided between the anode and the cathode, and the light emitting layer provided on the light emitting layer side of the anode.
- the organic optoelectronic device according to [10] comprising a charge transport layer.
- the organic EL element includes an anode, a cathode provided opposite to the anode, a light emitting layer provided between the anode and the cathode, and a positive electrode provided on the light emitting layer side of the anode.
- the organic optoelectronic device according to [10] or [11].
- the charge transport layer of the present invention exhibits excellent external quantum efficiency when provided in an organic optoelectronic device. Since the organic optoelectronic device of the present invention includes the charge transport layer of the present invention between the electrode and the light emitting layer, it exhibits excellent external quantum efficiency.
- FIG. 6 is a plot diagram showing the correlation between ⁇ E th of a charge transport layer and fluorine content (R F-mix ) in a produced organic optoelectronic device.
- the “hole-only device” is a kind of single charge device, and means a device in which holes from the anode flow but electrons from the cathode do not flow. In the present specification, it is abbreviated as “HOD”.
- abbreviated as “absorption coefficient (unit: cm ⁇ 1 )” means a value measured in accordance with JIS K 0115.
- the charge transport layer of the present invention is useful as a charge transport layer for transporting holes from an electrode to a light emitting layer in an organic optoelectronic device.
- the charge transport layer of the present invention is a layer located between the electrode and the light emitting layer, and may be in contact with one or both of the electrode and the light emitting layer, or the electrode and the light emitting layer. It may be in contact with a layer other than the layer.
- the charge transport layer of the present invention When the charge transport layer of the present invention is in contact with the electrode, the charge transport layer is in other words a charge injection layer that injects charges from the electrode to the light emitting layer side.
- the organic optoelectronic device may include a charge transport layer in addition to the charge injection layer.
- the charge transport layer may be the charge transport layer of the present invention, or may be a charge transport layer other than the present invention.
- the charge transport layer of the present invention is a charge transport layer composed of a film containing a fluoropolymer and a semiconductor material (hereinafter also referred to as “mixed film”), and the mixed film has a ⁇ E th of 0.010 to
- the material composition is in the range of 0.080 MV / cm.
- the E th (A) is a threshold electric field when only the semiconductor material forms a measurement film in the following HOD
- the E th (B) is a threshold electric field when only the mixed film forms a measurement film in the following HOD
- the threshold electric field is set to the above-mentioned standard of 0. 0 based on the current density Js (unit: mA / cm 2 ) flowing when an electric field of 0.8 MV / cm is applied between the ITO electrode and the Al electrode in the following HOD.
- HOD is a hole-only device having only the following layer structure: “glass substrate / ITO electrode (100 nm thickness) / MoO 3 (5 nm thickness) / measurement film (100 nm thickness) / Al electrode (100 nm thickness)”.
- a power source for applying an electric field to the HOD is not included in the HOD.
- the ⁇ E th is preferably 0.015 to 0.075 MV / cm, more preferably 0.020 to 0.070 MV / cm, and preferably 0.025 to 0.065 MV / cm. Further preferred. Within the above range, the external quantum efficiency of the organic optoelectronic device of the present invention having the charge transport layer of the present invention can be more easily improved.
- Examples of the method of adjusting the material composition of the mixed film so as to be in the range of ⁇ E th include a method of adjusting the fluorine content (R F-mix ) of the mixed film.
- R F-P is a fluorine atom content of the fluorine-containing polymer contained in the mixture film (wt%)
- R P the content of the fluorine-containing polymer in the mixed film (vol% ).
- the fluorine atom content (R FP ) is calculated by the following formula.
- the content (R P ) of the fluorinated polymer is determined from the charged amount in the material of the mixed film or chemical analysis (eg, NMR, elemental analysis).
- the fluorine content (R F-mix ) is the sum of the fluorine contents calculated from the respective fluorine-containing polymers.
- the fluorine atom content (R FP ) (% by mass) of the fluoropolymer can be obtained by the following formula.
- (Fluorine atom content (R FP )) [19 ⁇ N F / M A ] ⁇ 100
- N F For each type of unit constituting the fluoropolymer (A), the sum of values obtained by multiplying the number of fluorine atoms in the unit and the molar ratio of the unit to the total unit.
- M A For each type of unit constituting the fluoropolymer (A), the total sum of values obtained by multiplying the total atomic weight of all atoms constituting the unit and the molar ratio of the unit to all units.
- the fluorine atom content (R FP ) of the fluoropolymer is a value measured by 1 H-NMR and elemental analysis. Further, the fluorine atom content (R FP ) of the fluorinated polymer can be calculated from the amount of the monomer and initiator used for the production of the fluorinated polymer (A).
- the mixed film has a fluorine content (R F-mix ) of preferably 5 to 45%, more preferably 10 to 40%, and even more preferably 15 to 35%.
- R F-mix fluorine content
- the fluorine atom content (R FP ) of the fluoropolymer is preferably 20 to 77% by mass, more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, and 40 to 70% by mass. Further preferred. When the fluorine atom content (R FP ) is within the above range, it is easy to adjust the material composition of the mixed film so as to be within the above range of ⁇ E th .
- the content (R P ) of the fluoropolymer in the mixed film is preferably 20 to 65% by volume, more preferably 30 to 60% by volume, and further preferably 40 to 55% by volume. preferable.
- the content (R P ) of the fluoropolymer is within the above range, it becomes easy to adjust the material composition of the mixed film so as to be within the above range of ⁇ E th .
- R F-mix is qualitatively estimated as follows.
- R FP is the mass% of fluorine atoms in the fluorine-containing polymer to be mixed, and this is considered to represent the “conductivity promoting ability” of this fluorine-containing polymer.
- R F-mix by multiplying the R P is a volume ratio to believe that quantifies the "conductive Grant capability” per volume of the charge transport layer.
- conductivity promotion ability is a function that achieves both charge injection promotion at the interface and retention of the conductive path in the film, and partly attributed to the electronegativity of fluorine atoms. The detailed mechanism is still unknown.
- the material of the charge transport layer of the present invention will be described.
- the fluorine-containing polymer contained in the charge transport layer of the present invention is a polymer containing fluorine atoms.
- oligomers are also included in the polymer. That is, the fluoropolymer may be an oligomer.
- the fluorine-containing polymer has a saturated vapor pressure sufficient for practical use below the temperature at which thermal decomposition of the fluorine-containing polymer occurs from the viewpoint of the formation speed of the layer such as the charge transport layer, the strength of the layer, and the surface roughness. It is preferable to have.
- PTFE which is a general fluoropolymer
- Teflon (registered trademark) AF has a thermal decomposition starting temperature of 350 ° C.
- the saturated vapor pressure at 300 ° C. of the fluoropolymer is 0.001 Pa or more, preferably 0.002 Pa or more.
- the fluoropolymer preferably has an aliphatic ring structure in the main chain, which is said to have low crystallinity. Further, a perfluoropolymer considered to have a small intermolecular interaction of the polymer is more preferable.
- “having an aliphatic ring structure in the main chain” means that the fluoropolymer has a unit having an aliphatic ring structure, and one or more carbon atoms constituting the aliphatic ring are in the main chain. Is a carbon atom that constitutes.
- the aliphatic ring may be a ring having a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom.
- “Main chain” refers to a chain of carbon atoms derived from two carbon atoms constituting a carbon-carbon double bond in a polymer of a monoene having a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond.
- the cyclopolymer of diene In the cyclopolymer of diene that can be polymerized, it means a chain of carbon atoms derived from four carbon atoms constituting two carbon-carbon double bonds. In a copolymer of a monoene and a diene capable of cyclopolymerization, the main chain is composed of the two carbon atoms of the monoene and the four carbon atoms of the diene.
- the saturated vapor pressure (unit: Pa) is a value measured by a vacuum differential thermal balance (manufactured by Advance Riko Co., Ltd .: VAP-9000).
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the fluoropolymer is preferably 1,500 to 50,000, more preferably 3,000 to 40,000, and even more preferably 5,000 to 30,000.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- the weight average molecular weight is 1,500 or more, sufficient strength is easily obtained when a layer is formed from the formed fluoropolymer.
- the weight average molecular weight is 50,000 or less, since it has a saturated vapor pressure that gives a practical layer formation rate (deposition rate), the vapor deposition source is heated to a high temperature, specifically, a temperature exceeding 400 ° C. No need to heat up to.
- the main chain of the fluoropolymer is cleaved during the vapor deposition process, resulting in a low molecular weight of the fluoropolymer, resulting in insufficient strength of the formed layer, and further from a decomposition product. Defects occur, making it difficult to obtain a smooth surface.
- molecules or ions that are unintentionally mixed due to the cleavage of the main chain may affect the conductivity of the film, in which case it may be difficult to control the conductivity of the layer. .
- the polydispersity (molecular weight distribution) (Mw / Mn) of the fluoropolymer is preferably small, and preferably 2 or less.
- the theoretical lower limit of polydispersity is 1.
- Examples of a method for obtaining a fluorine-containing polymer having a low polydispersity include a method of performing controlled polymerization such as living radical polymerization, a molecular weight fraction purification method using size exclusion chromatography, and a molecular weight fraction purification method by sublimation purification.
- sublimation purification is preferably performed in consideration of the stability of the vapor deposition rate when the vapor deposition method is applied to the formation of the layer.
- the weight average molecular weight and polydispersity are values measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). A higher glass transition point (Tg) of the fluorinated polymer is preferable because the reliability of the resulting device is increased.
- the glass transition point is preferably 60 ° C. or higher, more preferably 80 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 100 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 350 ° C and more preferably 300 ° C.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] is 0 It is preferably 0.01 to 0.14 dl / g, more preferably 0.02 to 0.1 dl / g, and particularly preferably 0.02 to 0.08 dl / g.
- [ ⁇ ] is 0.01 dl / g or more, the molecular weight of the fluoropolymer is relatively large, and sufficient strength is easily obtained in the layer after formation.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (unit: dl / g) is an Ubbelohde viscometer (manufactured by Shibata Kagaku Co., Ltd.) using Asahiclin (registered trademark) AC2000 (Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) as a solvent at a measurement temperature of 30 ° C. It is a value measured by a viscometer Ubbelohde).
- the upper limit of the refractive index of the fluoropolymer at a wavelength of 450 to 800 nm is preferably 1.5, more preferably 1.4. If the refractive index is 1.5 or less, the refractive index of a layer such as a charge transport layer obtained by mixing with an organic semiconductor material can be reduced to about 1.55, which is equivalent to the refractive index of a glass substrate or the like. This is preferable because the light extraction efficiency is improved. On the other hand, the theoretical lower limit of the refractive index is 1.0.
- the refractive index of the organic semiconductor material is generally about 1.7 to 1.8.
- the refractive index of the resulting charge transport layer or the like can be lowered.
- the refractive index of the charge transport layer is lowered, and the electrodes, glass substrates, etc. adjacent to the charge transport layer (the refractive indexes of soda glass and quartz glass are about 1.51 to 1.53 and about 1.46 in the visible light region, respectively. ⁇ 1.47)), the total reflection occurring at the interface between the charge transport layer and the electrode or the glass substrate can be avoided, and the light extraction efficiency is improved.
- the perfluoropolymer having a fluorine-containing aliphatic ring structure in the main chain includes a perfluoropolymer having a cyclopolymerized unit of perfluorodiene capable of cyclopolymerization, and a polymerizable double chain between carbon atoms constituting the aliphatic ring.
- Perfluoropolymer having polymerized unit of perfluoroaliphatic ring compound having a bond, polymerization of perfluoroaliphatic ring compound having polymerizable double bond between carbon atom constituting aliphatic ring and carbon atom outside ring Perfluoropolymer having the above unit.
- perfluorodiene examples include perfluoro (3-butenyl vinyl ether), perfluoro (allyl vinyl ether), and the like.
- perfluoroaliphatic ring compounds having a polymerizable double bond between carbon atoms constituting the aliphatic ring examples include perfluoro (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole), perfluoro (4-methoxy-1,3- And dioxolol).
- perfluoroaliphatic ring compounds having a polymerizable double bond between a carbon atom constituting an aliphatic ring and a carbon atom outside the ring include perfluoro (4-methyl-2-methylene-1,3-dioxolane) Is mentioned.
- the perfluoropolymer having a fluorinated aliphatic ring structure in the main chain may be a homopolymer of the perfluoromonomer, or a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing two or more of the perfluoromonomers. May be.
- the copolymer of the said perfluoro monomer and the perfluoro monomer which does not form an aliphatic ring may be sufficient.
- perfluoromonomer that does not form an aliphatic ring
- examples of the perfluoromonomer that does not form an aliphatic ring include tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro (alkoxyethylene), and the like, and tetrafluoroethylene is preferable.
- a homopolymer of perfluoro (3-butenyl vinyl ether) is particularly preferable.
- the fluorine-containing polymer in the present invention may be a fluorine-containing polymer other than a perfluoropolymer having a fluorine-containing aliphatic ring structure in the main chain, or may be a fluorine-containing polymer other than a perfluoropolymer.
- fluoropolymers include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoro (alkoxyethylene) copolymer (PFA), tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), and ethylene / tetrafluoroethylene.
- EFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
- PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PCTFE polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVdF polyperfluoro (3-butenyl vinyl ether)
- Cytop registered trademark
- tetrafluoroethylene perfluoro (4-methoxy-1,3-dioxole) copolymer manufactured by Solvay: Hyflon (registered trademark) AD
- tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoro (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole) copolymer (Formerly DuPont Company Ltd.
- Teflon (registered trademark) AF perfluoro (4-methyl-2-methylene-1,3-dioxolane) polymers.
- a perfluoropolymer having an aliphatic ring structure in the main chain is preferable.
- the semiconductor material included in the charge transport layer of the present invention may be an organic semiconductor or an inorganic semiconductor, but is an organic semiconductor from the viewpoint of easy control of the refractive index and easy mixing with a fluoropolymer. It is preferable.
- the semiconductor material included in the charge transport layer of the present invention may be one type or two or more types.
- the charge transport layer of the present invention may contain an inorganic compound as a dopant in addition to the organic semiconductor as the main material.
- an organic compound (however, excluding the fluoropolymer) )
- an organic compound (excluding fluoropolymers) as a dopant in addition to the main inorganic semiconductor, or a dopant in addition to the main inorganic semiconductor. It may contain another inorganic semiconductor.
- inorganic semiconductor examples include metal oxides such as tungsten oxide represented by MoO 3 and WOx (x is an arbitrary positive number).
- MoO 3 is suitable as a hole injecting material that receives and transports holes from the anode.
- Organic semiconductor material is an organic compound material that exhibits semiconducting electrical characteristics.
- Organic semiconductor materials can generally be classified into hole transport materials that are transported by injecting holes from the anode, and electron transport materials that are transported by injecting electrons from the cathode.
- a hole transport material is used.
- Preferred examples of the hole transport material include aromatic amine derivatives. Specific examples thereof include, but are not limited to, the following ⁇ -NPD, TAPC, PDA, TPD, m-MTDATA, and the like.
- the charge transport layer of the present invention may contain other materials in addition to the fluoropolymer and the semiconductor material, but preferably contains only the fluoropolymer and the semiconductor material. However, only one type of semiconductor material may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination. Moreover, only 1 type may be used for a fluoropolymer, or 2 or more types may be used together.
- the thickness of the charge transport layer of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 nm to 250 nm, more preferably 20 nm to 150 nm.
- the charge transport layer of the present invention preferably has an absorption coefficient in the wavelength range 450 nm ⁇ 800 nm is 5000 cm -1 or less, more preferably 1000 cm -1 or less, to have no absorption band in the wavelength region Particularly preferred.
- the absorption coefficient exceeds 5000 cm ⁇ 1
- the loss of light absorption through the charge transport layer accumulates due to the multiple interference of light inside the organic optoelectronic device, so light absorption when passing through the charge transport layer greatly reduces the light extraction efficiency. Become.
- the use of a charge transport layer with sufficiently small light absorption is extremely important in order not to impair the light emission efficiency of the organic optoelectronic device. Since the light emission efficiency of the organic optoelectronic device is not impaired, the energy utilization efficiency is increased, and the lifetime of the device is extended as a result of suppressing the heat generation based on the light absorption.
- ⁇ Manufacturing method> As a method for producing the charge transport layer of the present invention, a known dry coat method and wet coat method can be applied.
- Examples of the dry coating method include physical vapor deposition methods such as resistance heating vapor deposition, electron beam vapor deposition, and sputtering.
- physical vapor deposition methods such as resistance heating vapor deposition, electron beam vapor deposition, and sputtering.
- a co-evaporation method in which the respective components are simultaneously evaporated is preferable.
- One of the preferred embodiments of the method for producing a charge transport layer of the present invention is a production method including a step of co-evaporating a fluorine-containing polymer, a semiconductor material and an optional dopant on the anode or the charge injection layer. .
- the total deposition rate of the fluorine-containing polymer, the semiconductor material, and the optional component dopant is not particularly limited. However, from the viewpoint of easily forming a uniform film composition at an arbitrary mixing ratio, for example, 0.001 to 10 nm. / S.
- the deposition rate of each component By appropriately adjusting the deposition rate of each component, the content ratio of each component contained in the charge transport layer to be formed can be adjusted.
- the charge transport layer of the present invention having a uniform material composition having a sufficiently low refractive index, easily adjusting the ⁇ E th within the preferred range. Can be manufactured with good yield.
- the wet coating method examples include an inkjet method, a cast coating method, a dip coating method, a bar coating method, a blade coating method, a roll coating method, a gravure coating method, a flexo coating method, and a spray coating method.
- the charge transport layer can be formed by applying a liquid composition for forming a charge transport layer on a desired substrate, drying and curing.
- the liquid composition preferably contains a fluorine-containing polymer, a semiconductor material, and an optional component dopant in a uniformly mixed state at an arbitrary ratio.
- the liquid composition may contain a diluting solvent that can be removed by drying.
- One of the preferred embodiments of the method for producing a charge transport layer of the present invention includes a step of applying a liquid composition containing a fluoropolymer, a semiconductor material, and an optional dopant on the anode or the charge injection layer. It is a manufacturing method.
- the liquid composition contains a volatile component such as a diluent solvent
- the liquid composition further includes a step of evaporating the volatile component.
- the content ratio of each component contained in the charge transport layer to be formed can be adjusted by appropriately adjusting the content ratio of each component contained in the liquid composition.
- the charge transport layer of the present invention having a uniform material composition having a sufficiently low refractive index, easily adjusting the ⁇ E th within the preferred range. Can be manufactured with good yield.
- the method for producing the charge transport layer of the present invention may be a dry coating method or a wet coating method. From the viewpoint of easily forming a film containing a fluoropolymer, a semiconductor material, and an optional component dopant in a uniform mixing ratio, The method is preferred. Therefore, the charge transport layer of the present invention is preferably a physical vapor deposition layer formed by physical vapor deposition.
- the charge transport layer of the present invention can be used for organic optoelectronic devices such as organic electroluminescent elements, organic transistors, solar cells, organic photodiodes, and organic lasers.
- the charge transport layer of the present invention is particularly suitable for an organic electroluminescent device (organic EL device).
- organic EL device organic electroluminescent device
- the organic electroluminescent element may be a top emission type or a bottom emission type.
- These organic electroluminescent elements can be mounted on an organic EL device such as an organic EL display and organic EL lighting, for example.
- the organic optoelectronic device of the present invention includes the charge transport layer of the present invention. That is, the organic optoelectronic device of the present invention includes a charge transport layer made of a mixed film containing a fluoropolymer and a semiconductor material, and the mixed film has a material composition that falls within the above range of ⁇ E th .
- the layer structure of the organic optoelectronic device of the present invention is not particularly limited, and an arbitrary functional layer may be provided between the anode and the cathode in addition to the charge transport layer and the light emitting layer of the present invention.
- the material which comprises these arbitrary functional layers is not limited to organic substance, An inorganic substance may be sufficient.
- One of the preferred embodiments of the organic optoelectronic device of the present invention comprises an anode, a light emitting layer, and a cathode, a hole transport layer provided between the anode and the light emitting layer, and provided between the cathode and the light emitting layer. At least one of the formed electron transport layers. Further, the charge transport layer of the present invention is provided as the hole transport layer.
- a charge injection layer between the electrode and the charge transport layer in the organic optoelectronic device of the present invention. That is, a hole injection layer is preferably provided between the light emitting layer and the hole transport layer, and an electron injection layer is preferably provided between the light emitting layer and the electron transport layer.
- One of the preferred embodiments of the organic optoelectronic device of the present invention includes an anode, a cathode provided opposite to the anode, a light emitting layer provided between the anode and the cathode, and the light emitting layer side of the anode.
- a hole injection layer provided on the light emitting layer side of the hole injection layer, and at least the hole transport layer of the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer.
- the layer is an organic optoelectronic device that is the charge transport layer of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 as one of the preferred embodiments of the organic optoelectronic device of the present invention, there are an anode 1, a hole injection layer 2, a hole transport layer 3, a light emitting layer 4, an electron transport layer 5, an electron injection layer 6, and a cathode 7.
- stacked in this order is shown.
- the organic optoelectronic device of the present invention may be a bottom emission type or a top emission type.
- the hole injection layer preferably has a HOMO level between the HOMO level of the hole transport layer and the work function of the anode, and can lower the hole injection barrier from the anode to the light emitting layer.
- a suitable hole injection layer can be formed by the charge transport layer of the present invention described above. Moreover, you may apply the hole injection layer of a well-known organic optoelectronic device.
- the hole transport layer transports holes to the light-emitting layer, and excitation energy does not easily move from the light-emitting layer. Also preferred is one having a large energy band gap.
- a suitable hole transport layer can be formed by the charge transport layer of the present invention described above. Further, a known hole transport layer may be applied. Examples of known hole transport layer materials include, but are not limited to, ⁇ -NPD, PDA, TAPC, TPD, m-MTDATA, and the like.
- the hole transport layer may include a material common to the hole injection layer.
- the light emitting layer As the light emitting layer, a known light emitting layer used in a known organic optoelectronic device is applied.
- the light emitting layer may have the function of an electron transport layer or an electron injection layer.
- Examples of the material of the light emitting layer include Alq 3 , Zn-PBO, rubrene, dimethylquinacridone, DCM 2 , DMQ, bisstyrylbenzene derivatives, Coumarin, DCM, FIrpic, Ir (ppy) 3 , (ppy) 2 Ir (acac) ), Polyphenylene vinylene (PPV), MEH-PPV, PF and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- the electron injection layer is preferably formed of a material capable of lowering the electron injection barrier from the cathode to the light emitting layer.
- the electron transport layer is preferably made of a material that easily transports electrons to the light emitting layer and prevents movement of excitons generated in the light emitting layer, and has a wide energy band gap like the hole transport layer.
- known electron transport layer materials include, but are not limited to, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivatives such as Alq 3 , PBD, TAZ, BND, and OXD-7 represented by the following formulae.
- the electron transport layer may include a material common to the electron injection layer or the light emitting layer.
- the anode is not particularly limited, and an anode used for a known organic optoelectronic device can be applied, and examples thereof include an indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode.
- ITO indium-tin oxide
- the cathode is not particularly limited, and a cathode used for a known organic optoelectronic device can be applied, and examples thereof include an MgAg electrode, an Ag electrode, and an Al electrode.
- a buffer layer such as LiF may be formed on the surface of the Al electrode.
- the three-dimensional structure of the organic optoelectronic device of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a three-dimensional structure in which a charge injection layer, a charge transport layer, and a light-emitting layer are sandwiched between a pair of electrodes and current flows in the thickness direction.
- a three-dimensional structure in which an anode and a cathode are provided at different positions on the surface of the charge injection layer in which the charge transport layer and the light-emitting layer are stacked and current flows in the in-plane direction.
- a reflective electrode, a counter electrode provided to face the reflective electrode, and the reflective electrode and the counter electrode are provided.
- examples include an organic optoelectronic device including a light emitting layer, a charge transport layer provided between the reflective electrode and the light emitting layer, and a charge injection layer in contact with the reflective electrode between the charge transport layer and the reflective electrode. . At least one of the charge transport layer and the charge injection layer is the charge transport layer of the present invention described above.
- the reflective electrode is an electrode having a function of reflecting light reaching from the light emitting layer to the counter electrode side.
- the reflective electrode may be an anode or a cathode, but is preferably an anode from the viewpoint of easily increasing light extraction efficiency.
- Examples of the material of the reflective electrode include Al alloys such as Al or AlNd.
- Examples of the top emission type organic optoelectronic device including the reflective electrode include, in order from the bottom, an anode made of an AlNd alloy as a reflective electrode / a hole injection layer / a hole transport layer according to the present invention / a light emitting layer / an electron transport layer. / Electron injection layer / MgAg cathode which is a counter electrode.
- a transparent electrode, a counter electrode provided to face the transparent electrode, and the transparent electrode and the counter electrode are provided.
- an organic optoelectronic device including a light emitting layer, a charge transport layer provided between the transparent electrode and the light emitting layer, and a charge injection layer in contact with the transparent electrode between the charge transport layer and the transparent electrode.
- At least one of the charge transport layer and the charge injection layer is the charge transport layer of the present invention described above.
- the transparent electrode is a transparent electrode that transmits light reaching from the light emitting layer to the outside of the device.
- the transparent electrode may be an anode or a cathode, but is preferably an anode from the viewpoint of easily increasing light extraction efficiency.
- Examples of the transparent electrode include an ITO-coated glass substrate in which a transparent conductive layer such as ITO is formed on the surface of a glass substrate.
- an anode made of an ITO-coated glass substrate / a hole injection layer / a hole transport layer of the present invention / a light emitting layer / an electron transport layer / electrons examples include those having a layer structure of an injection layer / a counter electrode made of MgAg.
- a conventional method can be applied in addition to the method for forming the charge transport layer.
- the organic optoelectronic device of the present invention having the charge transport layer of the present invention has a higher external quantum efficiency (EQE) than an organic optoelectronic device having a charge transport layer having a material composition outside the above range of ⁇ E th. ).
- EQE external quantum efficiency
- the details of the mechanism by which EQE improves are unclear, it is assumed that one of the factors is that the material composition within this range has moderate JV characteristics even though the refractive index is low. Is done.
- the JV characteristics of HOD correlate with both the amount of charge injected from the interface and the conductivity of the entire film, and the threshold electric field Eth is a parameter that reflects the ease of charge injection at the interface. I think there is.
- the refractive index, molecular weight, intrinsic viscosity, and saturated vapor pressure of the fluorinated copolymer synthesized in this example were measured according to the following description.
- Method for measuring weight average molecular weight of fluoropolymer The weight average molecular weight of the fluoropolymer was measured using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). First, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with a known molecular weight was measured using GPC, and a calibration curve was created from the elution time and molecular weight of the peak top. Next, the fluoropolymer was measured, the molecular weight was determined from the calibration curve, and the weight average molecular weight was determined.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- Mobile phase solvents include 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-3-methoxy-2- (trifluoromethyl) pentane / hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol (85 by volume). / 15) mixed solvent was used.
- Method for measuring intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of fluoropolymer The intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of the fluoropolymer was measured with an Ubbelohde viscometer (manufactured by Shibata Kagaku Co., Ltd .: viscometer Ubellode) using Asahiclin (registered trademark) AC2000 (Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) as a solvent at a measurement temperature of 30 ° C.
- ⁇ Fluoropolymer> -Fluoropolymers A and B were obtained by the following method. 30 g of perfluoro (3-butenyl vinyl ether), 30 g of 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorohexane, 0.5 g of methanol and As a polymerization initiator, 0.44 g of diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate was placed in a glass reactor having an internal volume of 50 ml. After replacing the inside of the system with high-purity nitrogen gas, polymerization was carried out at 40 ° C. for 24 hours. The obtained solution was desolvated under the conditions of 666 Pa (absolute pressure) and 50 ° C.
- Intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] was 0.04 dl / g.
- the fluorine-containing polymer A was substituted with —CF 3 groups by fluorine gas by the method described in paragraph [0040] of JP-A No. 11-152310 to obtain a fluorine-containing polymer B.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of the fluoropolymer B was 0.04 dl / g, Mw was 9,000, Mn was 6,000, and the polydispersity (Mw / Mn) was 1.50.
- the fluorine atom content (R FP ) of the fluoropolymer B was about 68% by mass.
- Fluon PFA Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.
- the fluorine atom content (R FP ) of the PFA used was about 76% by mass.
- -ETFE can use commercial items, such as FluonETFE (made by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.). Fluorine atom content of the ETFE used (R F-P) was about 59 wt%.
- ⁇ -NPD can be purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
- MoO 3 was a commercially available product.
- MoO 3 can be purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
- a glass substrate in which ITO (indium tin oxide) having a thickness of 100 nm was formed into a 2 mm wide band was used.
- the substrate was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning using a neutral detergent, acetone, and isopropanol, and further subjected to boiling cleaning in isopropanol, and then the deposits on the surface of the ITO film were removed by ozone treatment.
- This substrate was placed in a vacuum vapor deposition machine and evacuated to a pressure of 10 ⁇ 4 Pa or less, and then deposited as follows.
- molybdenum trioxide was resistance-heated in a vacuum vapor deposition machine, and a MoO 3 film having a thickness of 5 nm was formed on the surface of the ITO film on the substrate as a hole injection layer at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / s.
- the fluorine-containing polymer shown in Table 1 and the organic semiconductor material ⁇ -NPD were subjected to resistance heating in a vacuum evaporation group so that the fluorine content (R F-mix ) was the ratio shown in Table 1.
- R F-mix fluorine content
- Al aluminum
- the element area is 2 mm ⁇ 2 mm where the 2 mm wide ITO film and the 2 mm wide Al film intersect.
- the layer structure of the manufactured HOD is glass substrate / ITO electrode (100 nm thickness) / MoO 3 (5 nm thickness) / measurement film (100 nm thickness) / Al electrode (100 nm thickness).
- a glass substrate in which ITO (indium tin oxide) was formed into a 2 mm wide strip was used.
- the substrate was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning using a neutral detergent, acetone, and isopropanol, and further subjected to boiling cleaning in isopropanol, and then the deposits on the surface of the ITO film were removed by ozone treatment.
- This substrate was placed in a vacuum vapor deposition machine, and after evacuating to a pressure of 10 ⁇ 4 Pa or less, molybdenum trioxide was resistance-heated in the vacuum vapor deposition machine to form a hole injection layer on the substrate at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm / s.
- a 5 nm film was formed. Thereafter, the fluorine-containing polymer shown in Table 1 and the organic semiconductor material ⁇ -NPD were subjected to resistance heating in a vacuum evaporation group so that the fluorine-containing rate (R F-mix ) was the ratio shown in Table 1.
- R F-mix fluorine-containing rate
- a hole transport layer composed of a mixed film having a thickness of 60 nm was laminated. The total deposition rate of the two materials was 0.2 nm / s.
- the light-emitting material Ir (ppy) 2 (acac) and the host material CBP are resistance-heated in a vacuum deposition apparatus so that the mass ratio of Ir (ppy) 2 (acac) to CBP is 8:92.
- a light emitting layer having a thickness of 15 nm was stacked by vapor deposition.
- the organic semiconductor TPBi was resistance-heated in a vacuum vapor deposition machine, and was stacked as an electron transporting layer at 60 nm at 0.2 nm / s.
- resistance heating of lithium fluoride was performed in a vacuum vapor deposition machine, and 1 nm was laminated as an electron injection layer at 0.01 nm / s.
- Al (aluminum) was vapor-deposited into a 2 mm wide strip by resistance heating to obtain an organic EL element (B).
- Layer structure of the fabricated organic EL device (B) is, ITO / MoO 3 (5nm) / mixture consisting film hole transport layer (60nm) / 8wt% -Ir ( ppy) 2 (acac): CBP (15nm) / TPBi (60 nm) / LiF (1 nm) / Al.
- an organic EL element (A) was ITO / MoO 3 (5 nm) / hole transport layer (45 nm) / 8 wt% -Ir (ppy) 2 (acac): CBP (15 nm) / TPBi (65 nm) / LiF (1 nm) / Al.
- the charge transport layer of this example improves the external quantum efficiency of the organic optoelectronic device while maintaining its basic performance.
- the charge transport layer and the element provided with the same of the present invention are suitably used for operation panels and information display panels of various electronic devices and also suitably for various organic optoelectronic devices.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、外部量子効率に優れる電荷輸送層、およびその電荷輸送層を備えた有機光電子素子を提供する。
ただし、
前記△Ethは、式(△Eth=Eth(A)-Eth(B))で算出される値であり、
前記Eth(A)は、下記HODにおいて、前記半導体材料のみが測定膜を形成したときの閾値電界であり、
前記Eth(B)は、下記HODにおいて、前記膜のみが測定膜を形成したときの閾値電界であり、
前記閾値電界は、下記HODにおいて、ITO電極とAl電極の間に0.8MV/cmの電界をかけた際に流れる電流密度Js(単位:mA/cm2)を基準として、前記基準の0.0001倍の電流密度が流れるときの電界の値であり、
HODは、次の層構造:「ガラス基板/ITO電極(100nm厚)/MoO3(5nm厚)/測定膜(100nm厚)/Al電極(100nm厚)」のみからなるホールオンリーデバイスである。
ただし、前記含フッ素率(RF-mix)は、式(RF-mix=RF-P×RP)で表される積の値であり、
前記式におけるRF-Pは、前記膜に含まれる含フッ素重合体のフッ素原子含有率(質量%)であり、
前記式におけるRPは、前記膜における含フッ素重合体の含有率(体積%)である。
[3] 前記含フッ素重合体のフッ素原子含有率(RF-P)が20~77質量%である、[2]の電荷輸送層。
[4] 前記膜における含フッ素重合体の含有率(RP)が20~65体積%である、[2]または[3]の電荷輸送層。
[6] 前記含フッ素重合体がペルフルオロ重合体である、[1]~[5]のいずれかの電荷輸送層。
[7] 前記ペルフルオロ重合体が、環化重合しうるペルフルオロジエンの環化重合した単位を有するペルフルオロ重合体である、[6]の電荷輸送層。
[8] 前記ペルフルオロジエンが、ペルフルオロ(3-ブテニルビニルエーテル)である、[7]の電荷輸送層。
[10] 前記光電子素子が有機EL素子である、[9]の有機光電子素子。
[11] 前記有機EL素子が、陽極と、前記陽極に対向して設けられた陰極と、前記陽極と陰極の間に設けられた発光層と、前記陽極の前記発光層側に設けられた前記電荷輸送層とを備える、[10]の有機光電子素子。
[12] 前記有機EL素子が、陽極と、前記陽極に対向して設けられた陰極と、前記陽極と陰極の間に設けられた発光層と、前記陽極の前記発光層側に設けられた正孔注入層と、前記正孔注入層の前記発光層側に設けられた正孔輸送層とを備え、前記正孔注入層および前記正孔輸送層のうち少なくとも一方が前記電荷輸送層である、[10]または[11]の有機光電子素子。
本発明の有機光電子素子は、本発明の電荷輸送層を電極と発光層の間に備えているので、優れた外部量子効率を発揮する。
本発明において、「吸収係数(単位:cm-1)」は、JIS K 0115に準拠して測定される値を意味する。
本発明の電荷輸送層は、有機光電子素子において、電極から発光層に正孔を輸送する電荷輸送層として有用である。
本発明の電荷輸送層は、前記電極と前記発光層の間に位置する層であり、前記電極および前記発光層のうち、いずれか一方又は両方に接していてもよいし、前記電極および前記発光層以外の層に接していてもよい。
前記有機光電子素子における本発明の電荷輸送層が電荷注入層を構成する場合、前記有機光電子素子において、その電荷注入層以外に電荷輸送層を備えていてもよい。この場合、前記電荷輸送層が本発明の電荷輸送層であってもよいし、本発明以外の電荷輸送層であっても構わない。
ただし、
前記△Ethは、式(△Eth=Eth(A)-Eth(B))で算出される値であり、
前記Eth(A)は、下記HODにおいて、前記半導体材料のみが測定膜を形成したときの閾値電界であり、
前記Eth(B)は、下記HODにおいて、前記混合膜のみが測定膜を形成したときの閾値電界であり、
前記閾値電界は、下記HODにおいて、ITO電極とAl電極の間に0.8MV/cmの電界をかけた際に流れる電流密度Js(単位:mA/cm2)を基準として、前記基準の0.0001倍の電流密度が流れるときの電界の値であり、
HODは、次の層構造:「ガラス基板/ITO電極(100nm厚)/MoO3(5nm厚)/測定膜(100nm厚)/Al電極(100nm厚)」のみからなるホールオンリーデバイスである。HODに電界を印加する電源はHODには含まない。
前記範囲であると、本発明の電荷輸送層を備える本発明の有機光電子素子の外部量子効率をより容易に向上させることができる。
前記式において、RF-Pは、前記混合膜に含まれる含フッ素重合体のフッ素原子含有率(質量%)であり、RPは、前記混合膜における含フッ素重合体の含有率(体積%)である。
前記フッ素原子含有率(RF-P)は後述の式によって算出される。含フッ素重合体の含有率(RP)は、混合膜の材料における仕込み量または化学分析(例えば、NMR、元素分析)から求められる。
前記混合膜に複数の含フッ素重合体が含まれる場合、含フッ素率(RF-mix)は、各含フッ素重合体から算出される含フッ素率の和とする。
(フッ素原子含有率(RF-P))=[19×NF/MA]×100
NF:含フッ素重合体(A)を構成する単位の種類毎に、単位のフッ素原子数と、全単位に対する当該単位のモル比率とを乗じた値の総和。
MA:含フッ素重合体(A)を構成する単位の種類毎に、単位を構成する全ての原子の原子量の合計と、全単位に対する当該単位のモル比率とを乗じた値の総和。
含フッ素重合体のフッ素原子含有率(RF-P)は、1H-NMR、元素分析により測定される値である。また、含フッ素重合体(A)の製造に使用する単量体、開始剤の仕込み量から含フッ素重合体のフッ素原子含有率(RF-P)を算出することもできる。
含フッ素率(RF-mix)が前記範囲であると、前記混合膜の材料組成を前記△Ethの前記範囲となるように調整することが容易になる。
フッ素原子含有率(RF-P)が前記範囲内であると、前記混合膜の材料組成を前記△Ethの前記範囲となるように調整することが容易になる。
含フッ素重合体の含有率(RP)が前記範囲内であると、前記混合膜の材料組成を前記△Ethの前記範囲となるように調整することが容易になる。
以下、本発明の電荷輸送層の材料を説明する。
本発明の電荷輸送層に含まれる含フッ素重合体は、フッ素原子を含む重合体である。なお、本発明においては、オリゴマーも重合体に含める。すなわち、含フッ素重合体はオリゴマーであってもよい。含フッ素重合体は、電荷輸送層等の層の形成速度、層の強度と表面粗さの観点から、含フッ素重合体の熱分解が起こる温度以下において実用化するのに十分な飽和蒸気圧を有することが好ましい。一般的な含フッ素重合体であるPTFEの熱分解開始温度が約400℃、テフロン(登録商標)AFの熱分解開始温度が350℃である。含フッ素重合体の300℃における飽和蒸気圧は、0.001Pa以上であり、0.002Pa以上が好ましい。この観点から含フッ素重合体は、結晶性が低いといわれる主鎖に脂肪族環構造を有するものが好ましい。また重合体の分子間相互作用が小さいと考えられるペルフルオロ重合体がさらに好ましい。
ここで「主鎖に脂肪族環構造を有する」とは、含フッ素重合体が脂肪族環構造を有する単位を有し、かつ、該脂肪族環を構成する炭素原子の1個以上が主鎖を構成する炭素原子であることを意味する。脂肪族環は酸素原子等のヘテロ原子を有する環であってもよい。また、「主鎖」とは、重合性炭素-炭素二重結合を有するモノエンの重合体においては炭素-炭素二重結合を構成した2つの炭素原子に由来する炭素原子の連鎖をいい、環化重合しうるジエンの環化重合体においては2つの炭素-炭素二重結合を構成した4つの炭素原子に由来する炭素原子の連鎖をいう。モノエンと環化重合しうるジエンとの共重合体においては、該モノエンの上記2つの炭素原子と該ジエンの上記4つの炭素原子とから主鎖が構成される。
本明細書中、飽和蒸気圧(単位:Pa)は、真空示差熱天秤(アドバンス理工社製:VAP-9000)により測定される値である。
よってMwが1,500~50,000の範囲であれば、含フッ素重合体の主鎖が開裂を起こすことなく、十分な強度と平滑な表面を有する層が形成できる。
また形成される層における品質の安定性の観点から、含フッ素重合体の多分散度(分子量分布)(Mw/Mn)は小さい方が好ましく、2以下が好ましい。なお多分散度の理論的な下限値は1である。多分散度の小さい含フッ素重合体を得る方法として、リビングラジカル重合等の制御重合を行う方法、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィを用いた分子量分画精製法、昇華精製による分子量分画精製法が挙げられる。これらの方法のうち、層の形成に蒸着法を適用した場合の蒸着レートの安定性を考慮し、昇華精製を行うことが好ましい。
本明細書中、重量平均分子量および多分散度はゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定される値である。
含フッ素重合体のガラス転移点(Tg)は高い方が、得られる素子の信頼性が高くなることから好ましい。具体的にはガラス転移点が、60℃以上が好ましく、80℃以上がより好ましく、100℃以上が特に好ましい。上限は特に制限されないが、350℃が好ましく、300℃がより好ましい。
本明細書中、固有粘度[η](単位:dl/g)は、測定温度30℃でアサヒクリン(登録商標)AC2000(旭硝子社製)を溶媒として、ウベローデ型粘度計(柴田科学社製:粘度計ウベローデ)により測定される値である。
有機半導体材料の屈折率は、一般的に1.7~1.8程度である。このような一般的な有機半導体材料に対して、屈折率が1.5以下の含フッ素重合体を混合すれば、得られる電荷輸送層等の屈折率を低下させることができる。電荷輸送層の屈折率が低下して、電荷輸送層に隣接する電極、ガラス基板等(ソーダガラスおよび石英ガラスの屈折率は可視光領域でそれぞれ約1.51~1.53、約1.46~1.47である。)の屈折率に近づけば、電荷輸送層と、電極またはガラス基板との界面で生じる全反射を回避することができ、光取り出し効率が向上する。
上記環化重合しうるペルフルオロジエンとしては、ペルフルオロ(3-ブテニルビニルエーテル)、ペルフルオロ(アリルビニルエーテル)等が挙げられる。脂肪族環を構成する炭素原子間に重合性二重結合を有するペルフルオロ脂肪族環化合物としては、ペルフルオロ(2,2-ジメチル-1,3-ジオキソール)、ペルフルオロ(4-メトキシ-1,3-ジオキソール)等が挙げられる。脂肪族環を構成する炭素原子と環外の炭素原子との間に重合性二重結合を有するペルフルオロ脂肪族環化合物としては、ペルフルオロ(4-メチル-2-メチレン-1,3-ジオキソラン)等が挙げられる。
主鎖に含フッ素脂肪族環構造を有するペルフルオロ重合体は、上記ペルフルオロ単量体の単独重合体であってもよく、上記ペルフルオロ単量体の2種以上を共重合させた共重合体であってもよい。また、上記ペルフルオロ単量体と脂肪族環を形成しないペルフルオロ単量体との共重合体であってもよい。脂肪族環を形成しないペルフルオロ単量体としては、テトラフルオロエチレン、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、ペルフルオロ(アルコキシエチレン)等が挙げられ、テトラフルオロエチレンが好ましい。
主鎖に含フッ素脂肪族環構造を有するペルフルオロ重合体としては、特に、ペルフルオロ(3-ブテニルビニルエーテル)の単独重合体が好ましい。
含フッ素重合体としては、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、テトラフルオロエチレン・ペルフルオロ(アルコキシエチレン)共重合体(PFA)、テトラフルオロエチレン・ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(FEP)、エチレン・テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体(ETFE)、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン(PCTFE)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)、ポリペルフルオロ(3-ブテニルビニルエーテル)(旭硝子社製:サイトップ(登録商標))、テトラフルオロエチレン・ペルフルオロ(4-メトキシ-1,3-ジオキソール)共重合体(ソルベイ社製:ハイフロン(登録商標)AD)、テトラフルオロエチレン・ペルフルオロ(2,2-ジメチル-1,3-ジオキソール)共重合体(ケマーズ(旧デュポン)社製:テフロン(登録商標)AF)、ペルフルオロ(4-メチル-2-メチレン-1,3-ジオキソラン)重合体が挙げられる。これらの中でも主鎖に脂肪族環構造を有するペルフルオロ重合体が好ましい。
本発明の電荷輸送層が含む半導体材料は、有機半導体でもよく、無機半導体でもよいが、屈折率の制御が容易であり、含フッ素重合体との混合が容易である観点から、有機半導体であることが好ましい。
本発明の電荷輸送層が含む半導体材料は、1種類でもよいし、2種類以上でもよい。
前記無機半導体材料としては、たとえば、MoO3、WOx(xは任意の正数)で表される酸化タングステン等の金属酸化物が挙げられる。MoO3は、陽極から正孔の注入を受けて輸送する正孔注入材料として好適である。
前記有機半導体材料は、半導体的な電気特性を示す有機化合物材料である。有機半導体材料は一般的に、陽極から正孔の注入を受けて輸送する正孔輸送材料と、陰極から電子の注入を受けて輸送する電子輸送材料とに分類できるが、本発明には、正孔輸送材料が用いられる。
正孔輸送材料としては、芳香族アミン誘導体が好適に例示できる。具体例としては、下記のα-NPD、TAPC、PDA、TPD、m-MTDATA等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
本発明の電荷輸送層を製造する方法として、公知のドライコート法およびウェットコート法を適用することができる。
各成分の蒸着速度を適宜調整することにより、形成する電荷輸送層に含まれる各成分の含有比率を調整することができる。
本態様によれば、各材料成分が均一に混合され易いため、前記△Ethを前記好適な範囲に調整し易く、屈折率が充分に低く、均一な材料組成を有する本発明の電荷輸送層を歩留り良く製造できる。
これらのウェットコート法を用いて、電荷輸送層を形成する液状組成物を所望の基材上に塗布し、乾燥、硬化することによって電荷輸送層を形成することができる。
前記液状組成物に希釈溶媒等の揮発成分が含まれる場合、さらに前記揮発成分を蒸発させる工程を有する。
前記液状組成物に含まれる各成分の含有割合を適宜調整することにより、形成する電荷輸送層に含まれる各成分の含有比率を調整することができる。
本態様によれば、各材料成分が均一に混合され易いため、前記△Ethを前記好適な範囲に調整し易く、屈折率が充分に低く、均一な材料組成を有する本発明の電荷輸送層を歩留り良く製造できる。
したがって、本発明の電荷輸送層は、物理蒸着法によって成膜された物理蒸着層であることが好ましい。
本発明の電荷輸送層は、特に有機電界発光素子(有機EL素子)に好適である。有機電界発光素子は、トップエミッション型であってもよく、ボトムエミッション型であってもよい。これらの有機電界発光素子は、たとえば、有機ELディスプレイ、有機EL照明等の有機ELデバイスに実装することができる。
本発明の有機光電子素子は、本発明の電荷輸送層を備える。すなわち、本発明の有機光電子素子は、含フッ素重合体および半導体材料を含む混合膜からなる電荷輸送層を備え、前記混合膜が前記△Ethの前記範囲となる材料組成を有する。
本発明の有機光電子素子は、ボトムエミッション型でも、トップエミッション型でもよい。
公知の正孔輸送層の材料としては、たとえば、α-NPD、PDA、TAPC、TPD、m-MTDATA等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
正孔輸送層は、正孔注入層と共通する材料を含んでいてもよい。
発光層は、電子輸送層または電子注入層の機能を兼ね備えていてもよい。
発光層の材料としては、たとえば、Alq3、Zn-PBO、ルブレン、ジメチルキナクリドン、DCM2、DMQ、ビススチリルベンゼン誘導体、Coumarin、DCM、FIrpic、Ir(ppy)3、(ppy)2Ir(acac)、ポリフェニレンビニレン(PPV)、MEH-PPV、PF等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
公知の電子輸送層の材料としては、たとえば、下記式のAlq3、PBD、TAZ、BND、OXD-7等の含窒素複素環誘導体等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
電子輸送層は、電子注入層または発光層と共通する材料を含んでいてもよい。
前記反射電極は、陽極であってもよく、陰極であってもよいが、光取出し効率を容易に高める観点から陽極であることが好ましい。
前記反射電極の材料としては、たとえば、AlまたはAlNd等のAl合金等が挙げられる。
前記透明電極は、陽極であってもよく、陰極であってもよいが、光取出し効率を容易に高める観点から陽極であることが好ましい。
前記透明電極としては、たとえば、ガラス基板の表面にITO等の透明導電層が形成されたITOコートガラス基板が挙げられる。
本発明の電荷輸送層を備えた本発明の有機光電子素子は、前記△Ethの前記範囲外となる材料組成を有する電荷輸送層を備えた有機光電子素子と比べて、高い外部量子効率(EQE)を示す。EQEが向上するメカニズムの詳細は未解明であるが、要因の一つとして、この範囲内となる材料組成においては、屈折率が低いながらも適度なJ-V特性を有していることが推測される。HODのJ-V特性は、界面から注入される電荷量と膜全体の導電率の両方と相関があり、閾値電界Ethは、その中でも界面での電荷注入のしやすさを反映したパラメータであると考えている。電荷輸送層に含フッ素重合体を混合した場合、電極側界面ではフッ素の電気陰性度が正孔注入を補助する(すなわちEthを小さくする)一方で、含フッ素重合体が絶縁性であることから層内を電荷が伝導するパスを減らしている(すなわち導電性を低下させる)と推測している。つまり本発明のように含フッ素重合体を混合する系においては、ΔEthが大きい程界面注入には有利であるが膜自体の導電性が落ちてくるため、本発明のようにΔEthに好適な範囲が現れたと考えている。
JIS K 7142に準拠して測定した。
含フッ素重合体の重量平均分子量を、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)を用いて測定した。まず、分子量既知のポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)を、GPCを用いて測定し、ピークトップの溶出時間と分子量から、較正曲線を作成した。ついで、含フッ素重合体を測定し、較正曲線から分子量を求め、重量平均分子量を求めた。移動相溶媒には1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-デカフルオロ-3-メトキシ-2-(トリフルオロメチル)ペンタン/ヘキサフルオロイソプロピルアルコール(体積比で85/15)の混合溶媒を用いた。
含フッ素重合体の固有粘度[η]を測定温度30℃でアサヒクリン(登録商標)AC2000(旭硝子社製)を溶媒として、ウベローデ型粘度計(柴田科学社製:粘度計ウベローデ)により測定した。
アドバンス理工社(旧アルバック理工社)の真空示差熱天秤VAP-9000を用いて300℃における飽和蒸気圧を測定した。
多入射角分光エリプソメトリー(ジェー・エー・ウーラム社製:M-2000U)を用いて、シリコン基板上の膜に対して、光の入射角を45~75度の範囲で5度ずつ変えて測定を行った。それぞれの角度において、波長450~800nmの範囲で約1.6nmおきにエリプソメトリーパラメータであるΨとΔを測定した。前記の測定データを用い、有機半導体の誘電関数をCauchyモデルによりフィッティング解析を行い、各波長の光に対する電荷輸送層の屈折率と消衰係数を得た。
・含フッ素重合体A、Bは、次の方法により得た。
ペルフルオロ(3-ブテニルビニルエーテル)の30g、1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-トリデカフルオロヘキサンの30g、メタノールの0.5gおよび重合開始剤としてジイソプロピルペルオキシジカーボネートの0.44gを、内容積50mlのガラス製反応器に入れた。系内を高純度窒素ガスにて置換した後、40℃で24時間重合を行った。得られた溶液を、666Pa(絶対圧)、50℃の条件で脱溶媒を行い、含フッ素重合体Aの28gを得た。固有粘度[η]は、0.04dl/gであった。
含フッ素重合体Aを特開平11-152310号公報の段落[0040]に記載の方法により、フッ素ガスにより不安定末端基を-CF3基に置換し、含フッ素重合体Bを得た。含フッ素重合体Bの固有粘度[η]は、0.04dl/g、Mwは9,000、Mnは6,000、多分散度(Mw/Mn)は1.50であった。含フッ素重合体Bのフッ素原子含有率(RF-P)は、約68質量%であった。
・PFAは、FluonPFA(旭硝子社製)等の市販品を用いることができる。使用したPFAのフッ素原子含有率(RF-P)は、約76質量%であった。
・ETFEは、FluonETFE(旭硝子社製)等の市販品を用いることができる。使用したETFEのフッ素原子含有率(RF-P)は、約59質量%であった。
・α-NPDは、市販品を用いた。例えばシグマ-アルドリッチ社等からα-NPDを購入できる。
・MoO3は、市販品を用いた。例えばシグマ-アルドリッチ社等からMoO3を購入できる。
HODを作製するための基板として、2mm幅の帯状に厚み100nmのITO(酸化インジウムスズ)が成膜されたガラス基板を用いた。その基板を中性洗剤、アセトン、イソプロパノールを用いて超音波洗浄し、さらにイソプロパノール中で煮沸洗浄した上で、オゾン処理によりITO膜表面の付着物を除去した。この基板を真空蒸着機内に置き、圧力10-4Pa以下に真空引きした上で、次のように成膜した。
まず、三酸化モリブデンを真空蒸着機内で抵抗加熱し、正孔注入層として基板上のITO膜表面に蒸着速度0.1nm/sで厚み5nmのMoO3膜を成膜した。次いで、表1に示す含フッ素重合体と、有機半導体材料α-NPDとを、含フッ素率(RF-mix)が表1に示す割合となるように、真空蒸着基内で抵抗加熱して共蒸着を行うことで、厚み100nmの測定膜を成膜した。各材料の合計の蒸着速度は0.2nm/sとした。最後に、測定膜上にAl(アルミニウム)を真空蒸着基内で抵抗加熱して蒸着を行うことで、2mm幅の帯状で厚み100nmのAl膜を成膜して、HODを得た。2mm幅のITO膜と2mm幅のAl膜が交差した2mm×2mmが素子面積となる。
作製したHODの層構成は、ガラス基板/ITO電極(100nm厚)/MoO3(5nm厚)/測定膜(100nm厚)/Al電極(100nm厚)、である。
ソースメータ(Keithley社製:Keithley(登録商標)2401)を用いて、ITO電極を陽極、アルミニウム電極を陰極として電圧を印加しながら、電圧毎にHODに流れる電流を測定した。
測定結果に基づき、J-V特性を示すグラフを図2に示す。このグラフにおいて、縦軸の「E」はべき乗を表す。例えば「1.E-01」は「1.0×10-1」を表す。このグラフから、HODの閾値電界(Eth)を求めて△Ethを算出した結果を表1に示す。なお、後述の実施例3,4のJ-V特性のグラフは省略して示さない。
基板として、2mm幅の帯状にITO(酸化インジウムスズ)が成膜されたガラス基板を用いた。その基板を中性洗剤、アセトン、イソプロパノールを用いて超音波洗浄し、さらにイソプロパノール中で煮沸洗浄した上で、オゾン処理によりITO膜表面の付着物を除去した。この基板を真空蒸着機内に置き、圧力10-4Pa以下に真空引きした上で、三酸化モリブデンを真空蒸着機内で抵抗加熱し、正孔注入層として基板上に蒸着速度0.1nm/sで5nm成膜した。その後、表1に示す含フッ素重合体と、有機半導体材料α-NPDとを、含フッ素率(RF-mix)が表1に示す割合となるように、真空蒸着基内で抵抗加熱して共蒸着を行うことで、厚み60nmの混合膜からなる正孔輸送層を積層した。2つの材料の合計の蒸着速度は0.2nm/sとした。次に、発光材料Ir(ppy)2(acac)とホスト材料CBPを、Ir(ppy)2(acac)とCBPの質量比が8:92になるように、真空蒸着機内で抵抗加熱し、共蒸着を行うことで厚み15nmの発光層を積層した。次に、有機半導体TPBiを真空蒸着機内で抵抗加熱し、電子輸送層として0.2nm/sで60nm積層した。次に、フッ化リチウムを真空蒸着機内で抵抗加熱し、電子注入層として0.01nm/sで1nm積層した。最後に、Al(アルミニウム)を抵抗加熱で2mm幅の帯状に蒸着し、有機EL素子(B)を得た。
作製した有機EL素子(B)の層構成は、ITO/MoO3(5nm)/混合膜からなる正孔輸送層(60nm)/8wt%-Ir(ppy)2(acac):CBP(15nm)/TPBi(60nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al、である。
有機EL素子(B)の作製と同様に、表面に清浄なITO膜を備えた基板を準備した。この基板を真空蒸着機内に置き、圧力10-4Pa以下に真空引きした上で、三酸化モリブデンを真空蒸着機内で抵抗加熱し、正孔注入層として基板上に蒸着速度0.1nm/sで5nm成膜した。その後、有機半導体材料α-NPDを真空蒸着基内で抵抗加熱して、厚み45nmの正孔輸送層を積層した。蒸着速度は0.2nm/sとした。次に、有機EL素子(B)の作製と同様に、発光層と、電子輸送層と、電子注入層と、アルミニウム層とを順に積層して、有機EL素子(A)を得た。
作製した有機EL素子(A)の層構成は、ITO/MoO3(5nm)/正孔輸送層(45nm)/8wt%-Ir(ppy)2(acac):CBP(15nm)/TPBi(65nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al、である。
ソースメータ(Keithley社製:Keithley(登録商標)2401)と輝度計(コニカミノルタ社CS-200)を用いたJ(電流密度)-V(電圧)-L(輝度)特性の測定結果、および小型分光器(浜松ホトニクス社製C10083CA)と回転ステージを用いた発光角度分布の測定結果から、作製した各有機EL素子の外部量子効率を測定し、後述の比較例1の有機ELを基準として、EQEの向上または低下を評価した。その結果を表1に示す。
表1に示す含フッ素重合体および半導体材料を用いて、前述の方法により、HODおよび有機ELを作製し、評価した。ただし、比較例1においては含フッ素重合体を用いず、半導体材料のみを用いた。すなわち、実施例1~5および比較例2、3のEQEは、有機EL素子(B)を用いて測定した。また、比較例1のEQEは、有機EL素子(A)を用いて測定した。
表1に示すとおり、△Ethが0.010~0.080MV/cmの範囲となる材料組成を有する正孔輸送層を備えた、実施例1~5の有機光電子素子において、EQEが向上した。各有機光電子素子における電荷輸送層の△Ethと含フッ素率(RF-mix)との相関を図3のプロット図を示す。
表1の「n@600nm」は、各例の有機光電子素子における、含フッ素重合体および半導体材料を含む電荷輸送層の、波長600nmにおける屈折率を表す。
表1の比較例1の「Eth」が「Eth(A)」(α-NPDのみの膜のEth)であり、実施例1~5、比較例2、3の「Eth」が、「Eth(B)」(混合膜のEth)である。
なお、2016年12月14日に出願された日本特許出願2016-242466号および2017年8月24日に出願された日本特許出願2017-161644号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面および要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (12)
- 含フッ素重合体および半導体材料を含む膜からなる電荷輸送層であり、
前記膜は、△Ethが0.010~0.080MV/cmの範囲となる材料組成を有する、電荷輸送層。
ただし、
前記△Ethは、式(△Eth=Eth(A)-Eth(B))で算出される値であり、
前記Eth(A)は、下記HODにおいて、前記半導体材料のみが測定膜を形成したときの閾値電界であり、
前記Eth(B)は、下記HODにおいて、前記膜のみが測定膜を形成したときの閾値電界であり、
前記閾値電界は、下記HODにおいて、ITO電極とAl電極の間に0.8MV/cmの電界をかけた際に流れる電流密度Js(単位:mA/cm2)を基準として、前記基準の0.0001倍の電流密度が流れるときの電界の値であり、
HODは、次の層構造:「ガラス基板/ITO電極(100nm厚)/MoO3(5nm厚)/測定膜(100nm厚)/Al電極(100nm厚)」のみからなるホールオンリーデバイスである。 - 前記膜の含フッ素率(RF-mix)が5~45%である、請求項1に記載の電荷輸送層。
ただし、前記含フッ素率(RF-mix)は、式(RF-mix=RF-P×RP)で表される積の値であり、
前記式におけるRF-Pは、前記膜に含まれる含フッ素重合体のフッ素原子含有率(質量%)であり、
前記式におけるRPは、前記膜における含フッ素重合体の含有率(体積%)である。 - 前記含フッ素重合体のフッ素原子含有率(RF-P)が20~77質量%である、請求項2に記載の電荷輸送層。
- 前記膜における含フッ素重合体の含有率(RP)が20~65体積%である、請求項2または3に記載の電荷輸送層。
- 前記含フッ素重合体の波長450~800nmにおける屈折率が1.5以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の電荷輸送層。
- 前記含フッ素重合体がペルフルオロ重合体である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の電荷輸送層。
- 前記ペルフルオロ重合体が、環化重合しうるペルフルオロジエンの環化重合した単位を有するペルフルオロ重合体である、請求項6に記載の電荷輸送層。
- 前記ペルフルオロジエンが、ペルフルオロ(3-ブテニルビニルエーテル)である、請求項7に記載の電荷輸送層。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の電荷輸送層を備える有機光電子素子。
- 前記光電子素子が有機EL素子である、請求項9に記載の有機光電子素子。
- 前記有機EL素子が、陽極と、前記陽極に対向して設けられた陰極と、前記陽極と陰極の間に設けられた発光層と、前記陽極の前記発光層側に設けられた前記電荷輸送層とを備える、請求項10に記載の有機光電子素子。
- 前記有機EL素子が、陽極と、前記陽極に対向して設けられた陰極と、前記陽極と陰極の間に設けられた発光層と、前記陽極の前記発光層側に設けられた正孔注入層と、前記正孔注入層の前記発光層側に設けられた正孔輸送層とを備え、前記正孔注入層および前記正孔輸送層のうち少なくとも一方が前記電荷輸送層である、請求項10または11に記載の有機光電子素子。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2018556724A JP7032739B2 (ja) | 2016-12-14 | 2017-12-13 | 電荷輸送層、および有機光電子素子 |
EP17879710.6A EP3557643A4 (en) | 2016-12-14 | 2017-12-13 | CHARGE TRANSPORT LAYER AND ORGANIC OPTOELECTRONIC ELEMENT |
CN201780077369.4A CN110088927B (zh) | 2016-12-14 | 2017-12-13 | 电荷传输层及有机光电子元件 |
KR1020197016003A KR102425602B1 (ko) | 2016-12-14 | 2017-12-13 | 전하 수송층 및 유기 광전자 소자 |
US16/431,176 US10608183B2 (en) | 2016-12-14 | 2019-06-04 | Charge transport layer and organic photoelectronic element |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2016242466 | 2016-12-14 | ||
JP2016-242466 | 2016-12-14 | ||
JP2017161644 | 2017-08-24 | ||
JP2017-161644 | 2017-08-24 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/431,176 Continuation US10608183B2 (en) | 2016-12-14 | 2019-06-04 | Charge transport layer and organic photoelectronic element |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2018110610A1 true WO2018110610A1 (ja) | 2018-06-21 |
Family
ID=62559614
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2017/044772 WO2018110610A1 (ja) | 2016-12-14 | 2017-12-13 | 電荷輸送層、および有機光電子素子 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10608183B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3557643A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP7032739B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102425602B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN110088927B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2018110610A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR102413735B1 (ko) * | 2016-12-14 | 2022-06-27 | 국립대학법인 야마가타대학 | 조성물 및 유기 광전자 소자 그리고 그 제조 방법 |
WO2019039563A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-24 | 2019-02-28 | Agc株式会社 | 電荷注入層およびその製造方法、ならびに有機光電子素子およびその製造方法 |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11152310A (ja) | 1997-11-20 | 1999-06-08 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 含フッ素脂肪族環構造含有重合体の製造方法 |
JP2005519440A (ja) * | 2002-02-28 | 2005-06-30 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 発光ダイオードの改良されたポリマーバッファ層およびその使用方法 |
JP2006237083A (ja) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-09-07 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 電子ブロッキング層用材料、有機el素子及び有機elディスプレイ |
JP2008091175A (ja) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-17 | Seiko Epson Corp | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス装置、及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンス装置の製造方法 |
JP2010209264A (ja) * | 2009-03-11 | 2010-09-24 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 含フッ素重合体及びこれを用いた有機薄膜 |
JP2010280907A (ja) * | 2004-03-11 | 2010-12-16 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 電荷輸送膜用組成物及びイオン化合物、それを用いた電荷輸送膜及び有機電界発光素子、並びに、有機電界発光素子の製造方法及び電荷輸送膜の製造方法 |
WO2011132702A1 (ja) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-10-27 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | 有機エレクトロニクス材料、重合開始剤及び熱重合開始剤、インク組成物、有機薄膜及びその製造方法、有機エレクトロニクス素子、有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子、照明装置、表示素子、並びに表示装置 |
WO2013108618A1 (ja) | 2012-01-19 | 2013-07-25 | パナソニック株式会社 | 有機el素子及びその製造方法 |
WO2015186688A1 (ja) * | 2014-06-05 | 2015-12-10 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 電荷輸送性ワニス |
JP2017161644A (ja) | 2016-03-08 | 2017-09-14 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 音声処理システムおよび音声処理方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4274374B2 (ja) * | 2003-01-30 | 2009-06-03 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 正孔注入層用材料、有機el素子及び有機elディスプレイ |
US8426092B2 (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2013-04-23 | Xerox Corporation | Poly(imide-carbonate) polytetrafluoroethylene containing photoconductors |
CN107710439B (zh) | 2015-06-17 | 2019-09-24 | 国立大学法人山形大学 | 有机电荷输送层、有机el设备、有机半导体设备及有机光电子设备 |
-
2017
- 2017-12-13 WO PCT/JP2017/044772 patent/WO2018110610A1/ja unknown
- 2017-12-13 EP EP17879710.6A patent/EP3557643A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-12-13 KR KR1020197016003A patent/KR102425602B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2017-12-13 CN CN201780077369.4A patent/CN110088927B/zh active Active
- 2017-12-13 JP JP2018556724A patent/JP7032739B2/ja active Active
-
2019
- 2019-06-04 US US16/431,176 patent/US10608183B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11152310A (ja) | 1997-11-20 | 1999-06-08 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 含フッ素脂肪族環構造含有重合体の製造方法 |
JP2005519440A (ja) * | 2002-02-28 | 2005-06-30 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 発光ダイオードの改良されたポリマーバッファ層およびその使用方法 |
JP2010280907A (ja) * | 2004-03-11 | 2010-12-16 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 電荷輸送膜用組成物及びイオン化合物、それを用いた電荷輸送膜及び有機電界発光素子、並びに、有機電界発光素子の製造方法及び電荷輸送膜の製造方法 |
JP2006237083A (ja) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-09-07 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 電子ブロッキング層用材料、有機el素子及び有機elディスプレイ |
JP2008091175A (ja) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-17 | Seiko Epson Corp | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス装置、及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンス装置の製造方法 |
JP2010209264A (ja) * | 2009-03-11 | 2010-09-24 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 含フッ素重合体及びこれを用いた有機薄膜 |
WO2011132702A1 (ja) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-10-27 | 日立化成工業株式会社 | 有機エレクトロニクス材料、重合開始剤及び熱重合開始剤、インク組成物、有機薄膜及びその製造方法、有機エレクトロニクス素子、有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子、照明装置、表示素子、並びに表示装置 |
WO2013108618A1 (ja) | 2012-01-19 | 2013-07-25 | パナソニック株式会社 | 有機el素子及びその製造方法 |
WO2015186688A1 (ja) * | 2014-06-05 | 2015-12-10 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 電荷輸送性ワニス |
JP2017161644A (ja) | 2016-03-08 | 2017-09-14 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 音声処理システムおよび音声処理方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP3557643A4 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20190288205A1 (en) | 2019-09-19 |
JP7032739B2 (ja) | 2022-03-09 |
EP3557643A1 (en) | 2019-10-23 |
JPWO2018110610A1 (ja) | 2019-10-24 |
CN110088927A (zh) | 2019-08-02 |
EP3557643A4 (en) | 2020-11-18 |
CN110088927B (zh) | 2021-04-20 |
KR20190092416A (ko) | 2019-08-07 |
KR102425602B1 (ko) | 2022-07-26 |
US10608183B2 (en) | 2020-03-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP7032740B2 (ja) | 組成物および有機光電子素子ならびにその製造方法 | |
US11355734B2 (en) | Organic photoelectronic element comprising fluorinated polymer | |
JP6709411B2 (ja) | 有機電荷輸送層、有機elデバイス、有機半導体デバイス及び有機光電子デバイス | |
US10892418B2 (en) | Charge injection layer and method for its production as well as organic photoelectronic element and method for its production | |
CN110088928B (zh) | 组合物和有机光电子元件及其制造方法 | |
US10608183B2 (en) | Charge transport layer and organic photoelectronic element | |
US11437596B2 (en) | Organic photoelectronic element having hole transport layer containing fluorinated polymer and organic semiconductor material | |
JP2019040991A (ja) | 有機光電子素子 | |
WO2021079927A1 (ja) | ポーラス膜、有機光電子素子およびポーラス膜の製造方法 | |
JP2019040990A (ja) | 有機光電子素子 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 17879710 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2018556724 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20197016003 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2017879710 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20190715 |