WO2018107959A1 - 矿井瞬变电磁三分量探测方法 - Google Patents

矿井瞬变电磁三分量探测方法 Download PDF

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WO2018107959A1
WO2018107959A1 PCT/CN2017/113275 CN2017113275W WO2018107959A1 WO 2018107959 A1 WO2018107959 A1 WO 2018107959A1 CN 2017113275 W CN2017113275 W CN 2017113275W WO 2018107959 A1 WO2018107959 A1 WO 2018107959A1
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component
time
heading
transient electromagnetic
response
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PCT/CN2017/113275
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French (fr)
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于景邨
苏本玉
常江浩
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中国矿业大学
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Priority to US16/092,392 priority Critical patent/US10613245B2/en
Publication of WO2018107959A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018107959A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/12Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with electromagnetic waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/18Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
    • G01V3/26Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified either by the surrounding earth formation or by the detecting device
    • G01V3/28Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified either by the surrounding earth formation or by the detecting device using induction coils
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V20/00Geomodelling in general
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/18Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
    • G01V3/30Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with electromagnetic waves

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  • the invention relates to a detecting method, belonging to the field of applied geophysics, and particularly suitable for a mine transient electromagnetic three-component detecting method for advanced detection of an anisotropic mine geology in a mine roadway.
  • Transient electromagnetic method In the prevention and control of coal mine water inrush, the transient electromagnetic method has been widely used, reducing the occurrence of coal mine water inrush accidents, reducing economic losses and ensuring the safety of the people.
  • Transient electromagnetic method is a promising method. It is sensitive to low-resistance anomalies and can identify water-bearing geology such as karst caves and passages, coal mine goafs, and deep irregular water bodies.
  • the transient electromagnetic method has the advantages of large detection depth, sensitivity to low-resistance geological bodies, good coupling with detection targets, strong abnormal response, simple shape and strong resolution. As the coal is deep and longitudinally mined, the geological conditions become more complicated, and the geological anisotropy of the mine is severe. At this time, based on the transient electromagnetic detection theory of the horizontal layered medium, only one component secondary field information is detected. Transient electromagnetic detection techniques that determine the spatial position of an anomalous body in front will be greatly challenged.
  • Transient electromagnetic method also known as time domain electromagnetic method, referred to as TEM
  • TEM time domain electromagnetic method
  • TEM is based on the theory of horizontal layered medium. It uses a grounded return line or grounding line source to emit a pulsed magnetic field underground. During a pulsed magnetic field interval, coil or grounding is used.
  • the method of observing the secondary eddy current field generated by the abnormal body by measuring the regularity of the secondary field with time in each time period after the power failure, that is, the induced voltage.
  • the measurement data is converted into formation depth and formation resistivity information, and then the formation geoelectric characteristics of different depths are obtained.
  • geological electrical anisotropy of the mine is serious, and the transient electromagnetic detection technology based on the theory of horizontal layered medium brings serious challenges in the forward detection in the roadway.
  • the advance detection of mine transient electromagnetic method in the roadway is based on the theory that the stratum is layered medium, only the normal component of the excavation face is measured.
  • the fault fracture zone is a good groundwater storage space, and its model can be analogous to the geoelectric model.
  • Figure 11 In the case of advanced detection, since the vertical fault fracture zone hardly cuts the primary field, the induced secondary field is very Weak, it is difficult to infer that there is a low blocking layer fracture zone in front of the heading face according to the weak secondary field.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a more comprehensive method for advanced detection, which can adapt to mine geology with electrical anisotropy characteristics, and can accurately detect the spatial position of anomalous bodies.
  • Mine transient electromagnetic three-component detection method mine transient electromagnetic three-component detection method.
  • the mine transient electromagnetic three-component detection method of the present invention utilizes an excitation coil, three sets of receiving coils, a multi-channel transient electromagnetic instrument and an industrial and mining host, wherein the multi-channel transient electromagnetic device and the excitation coil respectively And the receiving coil, the exciting coil and the receiving coil are respectively connected with the industrial mining host, and the characteristics are: firstly performing forward modeling on various formation models, and performing summary analysis on the obtained transient electromagnetic three-component response of the mine;
  • the receiving coil is used to collect the transient electromagnetic three-component data of the current roadway, and the collected transient electromagnetic three-component data of the current roadway is compared with the full-space transient electromagnetic three-component information of the front abnormal body model.
  • the data is processed and interpreted to determine whether there is a plate-like anomaly or plate-like anomaly in front of the heading face.
  • the posture of the body in the coal seam, the size and position information of the abnormal body is interpreted to determine whether there is a plate-like anomaly or plate-like anomaly in
  • the different time profile curves of the vertical component response show a single peak anomaly, and the anomalous response is the strongest in the 90° direction of the tunnel sector measuring point.
  • This direction corresponds to the direction of the front of the head, and the horizontal component response is negative in the left side. Value, while the right side detection angle is positive, the left and right side detection angle is 45°, and the negative point large value and the positive maximum value appear respectively, and the horizontal component response in the 90° direction is 0, which is due to the emission direction along the edge.
  • the horizontal component response in the 90° direction is 0, which is due to the emission direction along the edge.
  • the anomalous body model of the heading side of the roadway and obtain the vertical component and horizontal component response through forward modeling.
  • the different time profile curves of the vertical component response appear in the 45° direction of the right side, which accurately reflects
  • the orientation of the anomalous body has two zero points, one in the 45° direction on the left side, one in the 45° direction on the right side, and the 45° direction on the right side corresponds to the direction of the anomalous body.
  • the media on the left and right sides of the coil are completely symmetrical, so the horizontal component is zero, and the 45° direction of the left side corresponds to the lowest point of the vertical component.
  • the direction of the emission is completely orthogonal to the direction of the anomalous body. At this time, the transient electromagnetic field is least affected by the abnormal body.
  • the industrial and mining host as a transient electromagnetic host is connected to all receiving coils through a cable, and the electromagnetic data fed back by the receiving coil is used to express the transient electromagnetic secondary field information in the form of induced voltage, and the transient electromagnetic secondary field information data is divided into two.
  • the vertical component result is compared with the theoretical curve, and the strength of the abnormal body is judged according to the magnitude of the curve, and then the size is judged; the horizontal component result is compared with the theoretical curve, and the abnormal body is more accurately determined according to the zero position of the curve. Save location.
  • I obtain the data by numerical simulation of the induced voltage, and adopt logarithmic coordinates uniformly to obtain multiple logarithmic coordinate curves of [detection depth and apparent resistivity];
  • the number of turns of the excitation coil and the three sets of receiving coils is different, the number of turns of the exciting coil is 40 ⁇ , and the number of turns of the three sets of receiving coils is 60 ⁇ ; wherein the transmitting coil is set in the normal direction of the head of the coal mining face
  • the three sets of receiving coils are arranged perpendicular to each other, wherein one set of receiving coils and the transmitting coils are in the same direction, and are arranged by the overlapping return line device, and the other two sets of receiving coils are arranged according to the direction of the tangential direction of the heading head, respectively, up and down horizontally and horizontally.
  • One shot receives all direction response data.
  • the excitation coil and the receiving coil are disposed at the heading position of the downhole roadway, and the fan-shaped scanning is performed by transforming the angles of the transmitting and receiving coils to detect the secondary electromagnetic response of the abnormal body in three directions, thereby obtaining a richer electromagnetic response, and thus further Accurately judge that the formation is rich in water.
  • the spatial distribution of the abnormal body can be detected more accurately, the position of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is replaced, and the electromagnetic component information of the three-direction secondary field is collected multiple times, which overcomes the prior art.
  • Insufficient single-component measurement, high reliability, adapt to more complex mine geological conditions not only can detect abnormalities in the geographical state outside the roadway, but also can determine the approximate three-dimensional structure of the anomalous body, especially for the inclusion of erect Fault fracture zone and collapse column of upright production, using the comprehensive interpretation of mine transient electromagnetic three-component data, can Reduce multi-solution and provide richer, more accurate and reliable geophysical data for mine geological exploration.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a downhole three-component detection setup of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the heading sector detection information of the roadway of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the transient electromagnetic response of the vertical overlap loop of the present invention perpendicular to the head;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a transient electromagnetic secondary field component in which the left and right horizontal overlapping loops of the present invention are parallel to the heading head;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a transient electromagnetic secondary field component of the upper and lower horizontal overlapping loops of the present invention in parallel with the tunneling head;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a three-component detection coil of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a uniform medium model mine geoelectric model and advanced detection in the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the induced voltage-time curve of the pre-detection of the geoelectric model of the uniform medium model in the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the advanced geoelectric model of a vertical plate-shaped anomalous body mine according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an advanced detection induced voltage-time curve of an advanced geoelectric model of a vertical plate-shaped anomalous body in the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the advanced geoelectric model of a horizontal plate-shaped abnormal body mine in the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an advanced detection induced voltage-time curve of an advanced geoelectric model of a horizontal plate-like anomalous body in the present invention
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the induced voltage-time curve of the advanced geoelectric model of the horizontal plate-shaped anomalous body in the present invention and the advanced detection induced voltage-time curve of the advanced geoelectric model with the vertical plate-shaped anomalous body.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the model in which the abnormal body is located in front of the head
  • Figure 15 (a) is a schematic diagram showing the vertical component response characteristics of the abnormal body in front of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 (b) is a schematic diagram showing the vertical component response characteristics of the abnormal body in front of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view of the model in which the abnormal body is located in the head-on right side of the present invention.
  • 17(a) is a schematic diagram showing the vertical component response characteristics of the right side anomaly body in the present invention.
  • Figure 17 (b) is a schematic diagram showing the vertical component response characteristics of the right side anomaly body in the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a three-component detection process in the present invention.
  • the mine transient electromagnetic three-component detecting method of the present invention utilizes an excitation coil, three sets of receiving coils, and a multi-channel transient electromagnetic instrument connected to the excitation coil and the receiving coil, respectively, the excitation coil and the receiving coil respectively.
  • the excitation coil and the three sets of receiving coils adopt different numbers of turns, the number of turns of the exciting coil is 40 ⁇ , and the number of turns of the three sets of receiving coils is 60 ⁇ ; wherein the transmitting coil is a coal mining face
  • the heading direction of the heading head is set, the three sets of receiving coils are arranged perpendicular to each other, wherein one set of receiving coils is in the same direction as the transmitting coil, and is arranged by the overlapping loop device, and the other two sets of receiving coils are respectively up and down according to the tangential direction of the heading head.
  • the left and right horizontal settings, to achieve a single transmission and receive all direction response data; the specific steps of the three-component detection method are as follows:
  • FIG. 14 an abnormal body model in front of the heading is established to indicate the position of the abnormal body relative to the tunneling.
  • the three-component acquisition mode shown in Fig. 1 and the fan-shaped measuring point arrangement in Fig. 2 are adopted in the heading position of the roadway. In this way, its vertical component and horizontal component response are obtained (Figure 15).
  • the vertical component response of Fig. 15 shows a single peak anomaly in different time profile curves.
  • the abnormal response of the roadway in the 90° direction is the strongest, and the direction corresponds to the direction in front of the head.
  • the horizontal component response (Fig. 15b) has a negative detection angle on the left side and a positive value on the right side.
  • the horizontal component response in the 90° direction is 0. This is because when the emission direction is immediately forward, the media on both the left and right sides of the transmitting coil are completely symmetrical, and the horizontal responses of the media on both sides cancel each other out. Comparing the vertical component and the horizontal component response result, the horizontal component is more sensitive to the position of the abnormal body, which is more conducive to locating the direction of the abnormal body;
  • the anomalous body model of the heading side of the roadway is established, and its vertical component and horizontal component response are obtained by forward modeling (Fig. 17).
  • the different time profile curves of the vertical component response (Fig. 17a) appear in the 45° direction of the right side, which accurately reflects the orientation of the anomalous body.
  • the horizontal component curve has two zero points, one in the 45° direction on the left side, one in the 45° direction on the right side, and the 45° direction on the right side corresponds to the direction of the abnormal body.
  • the media on the left and right sides of the coil are completely symmetrical, so the horizontal component is zero, and the 45° direction of the left side corresponds to the lowest point of the vertical component.
  • the direction of the emission is completely orthogonal to the direction of the anomalous body.
  • the transient electromagnetic field is least affected by the abnormal body. Therefore, both the vertical component and the horizontal component response are weak. Comparing the head-to-head side effect with the head-forward result, the change of the response result completely reflects the change of the abnormal body orientation. Therefore, the three-component comprehensive interpretation provides a new way for the orientation of the abnormal body.
  • the three-component data of the current roadway is collected by the receiving coil, and the full-space three-component information of the front abnormal body model is used to process and interpret the data.
  • the specific steps include:
  • the excitation coil and the receiving coil are installed at the head-on position of the tunneling working face of the roadway to be tested, and the fan-shaped scanning is performed by transforming the angles of the transmitting and receiving coils to detect the secondary electromagnetic response of the abnormal body in three directions. A more abundant electromagnetic response is obtained.
  • the direction of the arrow in the figure represents the detection direction of each measurement point.
  • the fan-shaped method refers to sequentially collecting different angle data in the head-on position of the roadway, and collecting data in three directions when transmitting at each angle. That is, all the coils of the entire device are continuously rotated and collected along the fan shape every 15 degrees;
  • the magnetic source emitting device starts to emit a field pulse, receives the secondary field signal generated by the surrounding geological body through the receiving coil, and the receiving coil feeds back the collected signal to the industrial and mining host, and converts the analog signal into a numerical signal by the industrial mining host and simultaneously saves;
  • the industrial and mining host as a transient electromagnetic host is connected to all receiving coils through a cable, and the electromagnetic data fed back by the receiving coil is used to express the transient electromagnetic secondary field information in the form of induced voltage, and the transient electromagnetic secondary field information data is divided into two.
  • the curve of the induced voltage of the secondary field in the direction and the vertical direction with time, the steps of simulating the curve of the induced voltage in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction with time are as follows: firstly, the data of the induced voltage is simulated, and the logarithmic coordinates are uniformly used. Obtain multiple logarithmic coordinate curves of [detection depth, apparent resistivity]; perform on-resistance conversion or resistivity inversion for all directional components, and obtain geoelectric information in different directions:
  • the vertical component result is compared with the theoretical curve, and the strength of the abnormal body is judged according to the magnitude of the curve, and then the size is judged; the horizontal component result is compared with the theoretical curve, and the abnormal body is more accurately determined according to the zero position of the curve. Save location.
  • the comprehensive multi-component is more reliable than the single component.
  • Three sets of comprehensive secondary sensing curves are measured in different directions when uniform media and plate anomalies exist. It can be seen that there is a big difference between them. Therefore, the formation resistivity information based on these data conversion or inversion will be very large.
  • the difference, comprehensive consideration of de-storing is really an important feature of three-component transient electromagnetic technology far superior to single-component detection transient electromagnetic.

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Abstract

一种矿井瞬变电磁三分量探测方法,根据煤矿地质特点,调整瞬变电磁激发方式和接收方式,测量方式的不同,会使低阻体切割磁场线的数量将有很大差别,导致产生的二次场强弱有很大不同。通过采用三组接收线圈,将接收线圈置于三个互相垂直的方向,其中一组接收线圈与发射线圈按重叠回线装置布设,实现了一次发射接收所有方向响应数据。在井下巷道迎头位置,变换发射与接收线圈角度可实现扇形扫描获得更为丰富的电磁响应,进而更为准确地判断地层富含水区域。

Description

矿井瞬变电磁三分量探测方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种探测方法,属于应用地球物理学领域,尤其适用于矿井巷道内电各向异性矿井地质进行超前探测的矿井瞬变电磁三分量探测方法。
背景技术
在煤矿突水防治方面,瞬变电磁法得到了广泛的应用,减少了煤矿突水事故的发生,降低了经济损失,保证了人民的安全。瞬变电磁法是一种极具发展前景的方法,其对低阻异常反应灵敏,可查明含水地质如岩溶洞穴与通道、煤矿采空区、深部不规则水体等。瞬变电磁法具有探测深度大,对低阻地质体灵敏,与探测目标耦合好,异常响应强,形态简单,分辨能力强等优点。随着煤炭向深部、纵向开采,地质条件变得更为复杂,矿井地质电各向异性特征严重,此时,基于水平层状介质的瞬变电磁探测理论,仅探测一个分量二次场信息来判断前方异常体的空间位置的瞬变电磁探测技术将受到极大的挑战。
瞬变电磁法也称时间域电磁法,简称TEM,它是基于水平层状介质理论,利用不接地回线或接地线源向地下发射一次脉冲磁场,在一次脉冲磁场间歇期间,利用线圈或接地电极观测异常体产生的二次涡流场的方法,通过测量断电后各个时间段的二次场随时间变化规律,即感应电压。根据电磁场理论,把测量数据转换成为地层深度与地层电阻率信息,进而得到不同深度的地层地电特征。
矿井地质电各向异性特征严重,给基于水平层状介质理论的瞬变电磁探测技术在巷道内进行超前探测带来了严重的挑战。
目前矿井瞬变电磁法在巷道内的超前探测都是基于地层为层状介质理论,仅测量掘进面的法向分量,对于电各向异性地层,仅依靠法向分量数据进行判别地质异常体,将会带来严重错误地质结论。例如,对于陡峭直立断层,断层破碎带是良好地下水储存空间,其模型可以类比地电模型图11,在进行超前探测时,由于直立断层破碎带几乎不切割一次场,因此感应的二次场十分微弱,根据微弱的二次场很难推断掘进面前方有低阻断层破碎带。
发明内容
发明问题:本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的不足之处,提供了更为全面的超前探测方法,该方法可以适应具有电各向异性特征的矿井地质,可以准确地探测异常体空间位置的矿井瞬变电磁三分量探测方法。
技术方案:为实现上述技术目的,本发明矿井瞬变电磁三分量探测方法,利用激发线圈、三组接收线圈、多通道瞬变电磁仪和工矿主机,其中多通道瞬变电磁仪分别与激发线圈及接收线圈,激发线圈和接收线圈分别与工矿主机相连接,其特征在于:首先对各种地层模型进行正演模拟,对所获得的矿井瞬变电磁三分量响应进行汇总分析;之后在实际测试井下掘进巷道迎头位置时,利用接收线圈采集当前巷道的瞬变电磁三分量数据,将采集到的当前巷道的瞬变电磁三分量数据与前方异常体模型的的全空间瞬变电磁三分量信息对比,对数据进行处理解释,从而判断出掘进工作面迎头前方是否存在板状异常体、板状异常 体在煤层中的姿态、异常体的大小及位置信息。
所述的对各种地层模型进行正演模拟的步骤为:
a.设计均匀全空间模型,对其响应进行数值模拟,得到二次感应电压随时间的变化曲线;
b.设计含有板状异常体的地电模型,分别对板状体为水平和垂直放置时的响应进行数值模拟,得到板状体不同放置方式的多种对应二次感应电压随时间的变化曲线;分别将垂直和水平板状体的响应曲线与均匀全空间曲线对比,总结规律数据;
c.建立掘进迎头正前方异常体模型,用以示意异常体相对巷道掘进的位置,在巷道迎头位置采用三分量采集方式和扇形测点布置方式,获得其垂直分量响应和水平分量响应;
其垂直分量响应的不同时间剖面曲线均显现出单峰异常,在巷道扇形测点90°方向异常响应最强,该方向对应于迎头正前方探测方向,水平分量响应在左侧帮探测角度为负值,而右侧帮探测角度为正值,左右侧帮探测角度为45°的测点分别出现负极大值和正极大值,90°方向的水平分量响应为0,这是由于当发射方向沿迎头正前方时,发射线圈左右两边介质完全对称,两边介质的水平响应相互抵消,比较垂直分量和水平分量响应结果,水平分量对于异常体的位置反应更为灵敏,更利于定位异常体的方向;
d.建立掘进巷道迎头侧帮的异常体模型,通过正演模拟获得其垂直分量和水平分量响应,其垂直分量响应的不同时间剖面曲线均在右侧帮45°方向出现极大值,准确反映了异常体的方位,水平分量曲线有两个零点,一个位于左侧帮45°方向,一个位于右侧帮45°方向,右侧帮45°方向对应于异常体方向,该角度探测时,发射线圈左右两侧介质完全对称,因此水平分量为零,左侧帮45°方向对应于垂直分量最低点位置,该发射方向与异常体所在方向完全正交,此时瞬变电磁场受异常体影响最小,因此垂直分量与水平分量响应都较弱。将迎头侧帮结果与迎头正前方结果对比,响应结果的变化完全反映了异常体方位的变化,因此三分量综合解释为异常体方向定位提供了新的途径。
所述实际测试井下掘进巷道迎头位置的步骤:
a.在被测巷道的掘进工作面的迎头位置安装激发线圈和接收线圈,启动磁性源发射装置发射一次场脉冲,通过三组接收线圈接收周围地质体产生的二次场信号,接收线圈将采集到的信号反馈给工矿主机,并利用工矿主机将模拟信号转换为数值信号同时保存从而得到三分量信息;
b.工矿主机作为瞬变电磁主机通过电缆与所有接收线圈相连,得到接收线圈反馈的电磁数据以感应电压的形式表达瞬变电磁二次场信息,将瞬变电磁二次场信息数据分为两列,分别为时间序列和感应电压序列:将多个接收线圈的时间序列数据进行时-深转换得到探测的深度,同时将感应电压转换为视电阻率,从而得到[探测深度,视电阻率]数据组;
c.利用归纳出的[探测深度,视电阻率]数据组在双对数坐标系中绘制感应电动势值V关于时间t的感应电压-时间曲线;由于电磁波传播时间的长短与探测深度相对应,而感应电动势的大小则反映地层电阻率信息,因此感应电压-时间曲线中变化趋势体现由浅到深的地层电阻率的变化,从而得到被测巷道的瞬变电磁三分量信息;
d.改变发射线圈摆放位置重复步骤a-c,从而得到多组感应电压-时间曲线;
c.利用多组感应电压-时间曲线判断掘进工作面的迎头方向的煤层中是否存在板 状异常体,板状异常体在煤层中的姿态:
当绘制出的多组感应电压-时间曲线中多数曲线为电动势V随着时间t平稳降低为零时,判断掘进工作面的迎头方向前方的煤层为均匀介质,不含有异常体;
当绘制出的多组感应电压-时间曲线中多数曲线不为电动势V随着时间t平稳降低为零情况时,则判断掘进工作面的迎头方向前方的煤层中存在异常体,此时分别进行水平方向和垂直方向二次场的感应电压随时间的变化曲线,
当绘制出的变化曲线为电动势V随着时间t降低为零,且在降低过程中出现非线性衰减,曲线出现凸起时,判判断掘进工作面的迎头方向前方的煤层中存在竖直放置的异常体,
当绘制出的变化曲线为电动势V随着时间t未降低到零就结束,且在降低过程中出现下凹和上凸的变化,则判断掘进工作面的迎头方向前方的煤层中含有垂直状态的板状异常体;
f.利用多组感应电压-时间曲线根据各种地层模型不同位置异常体的三分量数值模拟结果判断掘进工作面迎头前方异常体的大小及位置信息:
将垂直分量结果与理论曲线对比,根据曲线的幅值大小判断异常体的强弱,进而判断其大小;将水平分量结果与理论曲线对比,根据曲线的零点位置,更为准确判断异常体的赋存位置。
所述模拟水平方向和垂直方向的感应电压随时间的变化曲线的步骤如下:
I对感应电压数值模拟得到数据,统一采用对数坐标,得到多个[探测深度,视电阻率]对数坐标曲线;
II将所有方向分量进行视电阻率换算或者电阻率反演,将会得到不同方向的地电信息,综合地电信息,对地质体进行综合地质解释。
所述激发线圈和三组接收线圈采用的匝数不同,激发线圈的匝数为40匝,三组接收线圈的匝数均为60匝;其中发射线圈为采煤工作面掘进头法线方向设置,所述三组接收线圈互相垂直设置,其中一组接收线圈与发射线圈方向一致,利用重叠回线装置布设,其余两组接收线圈按照掘进头切线方向的分别为上下水平和左右水平设置,实现一次发射接收所有方向响应数据。
所述激发线圈和接收线圈设置在在井下巷道迎头位置,通过变换发射与接收线圈角度,进行扇形扫描,探测三个方向的异常体二次电磁响应,获得更为丰富的电磁响应,进而更为准确地判断地层富含水区域。
有益效果:由于采用了上述技术方案,根据地质特点,在掘进工作面上设置发射线圈和三方向的接收线圈,同时测量三方向二次场的电磁分量,并对三分量数据进行综合处理解释,从而有效判断出掘进工作面前方煤层中是否存在异常体,并为准确异常体的空间位置,为矿井超前探测提供一个全新的地球物理探测方法。
通过本方法获得异常体三分量信息,可以更为准确地探测异常体空间位置分布,更换发射线圈和接收线圈的位置,多次采集三方向二次场的电磁分量信息,克服了现有技术中单分量测量不足的问题,可靠性高,适应更加复杂的矿井地质条件,不但能检测出巷道外地理状态中是否含有异常体,同时还能够判断出异常体的大致三维结构,特别是对于含有直立断层破碎带以及直立产状的陷落柱,利用矿井瞬变电磁三分量数据综合解释,可以 减少多解性,为矿井地质探测提供更为丰富、准确和可靠的地球物理数据。
附图说明
图1为本发明的井下三分量探测设置示意图;
图2为本发明的巷道迎头扇形探测信息的示意图;
图3为本发明的垂直重叠回线圈接受与掘进头垂直的瞬变电磁响应示意图;
图4为本发明的左右水平重叠回线圈接受与掘进头平行的瞬变电磁二次场分量示意图;
图5为本发明的上下水平重叠回线圈接受与掘进头平行的瞬变电磁二次场分量示意图;
图6为本发明的三分量探测线圈的三维模型示意图;
图7为本发明中均匀介质模型矿井地电模型以及超前探测示意图;
图8为本发明中均匀介质模型矿井地电模型超前探测感应电压-时间曲线示意图;
图9为本发明中含有垂直板状异常体矿井超前地电模型示意图;
图10为本发明中含有垂直板状异常体矿井超前地电模型超前探测感应电压-时间曲线示意图;
图11为本发明中含有水平板状异常体矿井超前地电模型示意图;
图12为本发明中含有水平板状异常体矿井超前地电模型超前探测感应电压-时间曲线示意图;
图13为本发明中含有水平板状异常体矿井超前地电模型超前探测感应电压-时间曲线和含有垂直板状异常体矿井超前地电模型超前探测感应电压-时间曲线对比图示意图。
图14为本发明中异常体位于迎头正前方模型示意图;
图15(a)为本发明中正前方异常体垂直分量响应特征示意图;
图15(b)为本发明中正前方异常体垂直分量响应特征示意图;
图16为本发明中异常体位于迎头右侧帮模型示意图;
图17(a)为本发明中右侧帮异常体的垂直分量响应特征示意图;
图17(b)本发明中右侧帮异常体的垂直分量响应特征示意图;
图18为本发明中三分量探测流程示意图。
具体实施方法
下面结合具体附图中的实施例对本发明作进一步的描述:
如图1所示,本发明的矿井瞬变电磁三分量探测方法,它利用激发线圈、三组接收线圈和与激发线圈和接收线圈相连接的多通道瞬变电磁仪,激发线圈和接收线圈分别与工矿主机相连接,所述激发线圈和三组接收线圈采用的匝数不同,激发线圈的匝数为40匝,三组接收线圈的匝数均为60匝;其中发射线圈为采煤工作面掘进头法线方向设置,所述三组接收线圈互相垂直设置,其中一组接收线圈与发射线圈方向一致,利用重叠回线装置布设,其余两组接收线圈按照掘进头切线方向的分别为上下水平和左右水平设置,实现一次发射接收所有方向响应数据;采用三分量探测方法的具体步骤如下:
1.以井下掘进工作面实际地层参数为依据,对各种地层模型进行正演模拟,对所 获得的矿井瞬变电磁三分量响应进行汇总分析,具体步骤包括:
a.设计均匀全空间模型,对其响应进行数值模拟,得到二次感应电压随时间的变化曲线;
b.设计含有板状异常体的地电模型,分别对板状体为水平和垂直放置时的响应进行数值模拟,得到板状体不同放置方式的多种对应二次感应电压随时间的变化曲线;分别将垂直和水平板状体的响应曲线与均匀全空间曲线对比,总结规律;
c.如图14所示,建立掘进迎头正前方异常体模型,用以示意异常体相对巷道掘进的位置,在巷道迎头位置采用图1所示的三分量采集方式和图2的扇形测点布置方式,获得其垂直分量和水平分量响应(图15)。其垂直分量响应图15不同时间剖面曲线均显现出单峰异常,在图2中巷道90°方向异常响应最强,该方向对应于迎头正前方探测方向。其水平分量响应(图15b)在左侧帮探测角度为负值,而右侧帮探测角度为正值,图14总的4号测点和10号测点分别出现负极大值和正极大值。90°方向的水平分量响应为0,这是由于当发射方向沿迎头正前方时,发射线圈左右两边介质完全对称,两边介质的水平响应相互抵消。比较垂直分量和水平分量响应结果,水平分量对于异常体的位置反应更为灵敏,更利于定位异常体的方向;
d.如图16所示建立掘进巷道迎头侧帮的异常体模型,通过正演模拟获得其垂直分量和水平分量响应(图17)。其垂直分量响应(图17a)的不同时间剖面曲线均在右侧帮45°方向出现极大值,准确反映了异常体的方位。如图17b所示,水平分量曲线有两个零点,一个位于左侧帮45°方向,一个位于右侧帮45°方向,右侧帮45°方向对应于异常体方向,该角度探测时,发射线圈左右两侧介质完全对称,因此水平分量为零,左侧帮45°方向对应于垂直分量最低点位置,该发射方向与异常体所在方向完全正交,此时瞬变电磁场受异常体影响最小,因此垂直分量与水平分量响应都较弱。将迎头侧帮结果与迎头正前方结果对比,响应结果的变化完全反映了异常体方位的变化,因此三分量综合解释为异常体方向定位提供了新的途径。
2.在井下掘进巷道迎头位置,利用接收线圈采集当前巷道的三分量数据,利用获得前方异常体模型的的全空间三分量信息,对数据进行处理解释,具体步骤包括:
a.如图2所示,在被测巷道的掘进工作面的迎头位置安装激发线圈和接收线圈,通过变换发射与接收线圈角度,进行扇形扫描,探测三个方向的异常体二次电磁响应,获得更为丰富的电磁响应,图中箭头方向代表每个测点的探测方向,采用扇形方式是指在巷道迎头位置依次采集不同角度数据,在每个角度发射时均采集三个方向的数据,也就是将整个装置所有线圈沿扇形每隔15度不断旋转采集数据;
启动磁性源发射装置发射一次场脉冲,通过接收线圈接收周围地质体产生的二次场信号,接收线圈将采集到的信号反馈给工矿主机,并利用工矿主机将模拟信号转换为数值信号同时保存;
b.工矿主机作为瞬变电磁主机通过电缆与所有接收线圈相连,得到接收线圈反馈的电磁数据以感应电压的形式表达瞬变电磁二次场信息,将瞬变电磁二次场信息数据分为两列,分别为时间序列和感应电压序列:将多个接收线圈的时间序列数据进行时-深转换得到探测的深度,同时将感应电压转换为视电阻率,从而得到[探测深度,视电阻率]数据组;
c.利用归纳出的[探测深度,视电阻率]数据组在双对数坐标系中绘制感应电动势 值V关于时间t的感应电压-时间曲线;由于电磁波传播时间的长短与探测深度相对应,而感应电动势的大小则反映地层电阻率信息,因此感应电压-时间曲线中变化趋势体现由浅到深的地层电阻率的变化;
d.改变发射线圈摆放位置重复步骤a-c,从而得到多组感应电压-时间曲线;
e.利用多组感应电压-时间曲线判断掘进工作面的迎头方向的煤层中是否存在板状异常体,板状异常体在煤层中的姿态:
当绘制出的多组感应电压-时间曲线中多数曲线为电动势V随着时间t平稳降低为零时,判断掘进工作面的迎头方向前方的煤层为均匀介质,不含有异常体;
当绘制出的多组感应电压-时间曲线中多数曲线不为电动势V随着时间t平稳降低为零情况时,则判断掘进工作面的迎头方向前方的煤层中存在异常体,此时分别进行水平方向和垂直方向二次场的感应电压随时间的变化曲线,所述模拟水平方向和垂直方向的感应电压随时间的变化曲线的步骤如下:先对感应电压数值模拟得到数据,统一采用对数坐标,得到多个[探测深度,视电阻率]对数坐标曲线;将所有方向分量进行视电阻率换算或者电阻率反演,将会得到不同方向的地电信息:
当绘制出的变化曲线为电动势V随着时间t降低为零,且在降低过程中出现非线性衰减,曲线出现凸起时,判判断掘进工作面的迎头方向前方的煤层中存在竖直放置的异常体,
当绘制出的变化曲线为电动势V随着时间t未降低到零就结束,且在降低过程中出现下凹和上凸的变化,则判断掘进工作面的迎头方向前方的煤层中含有垂直状态的板状异常体。
f.利用多组感应电压-时间曲线根据不同位置异常体的三分量数值模拟结果判断掘进工作面迎头前方异常体的大小及位置信息;
将垂直分量结果与理论曲线对比,根据曲线的幅值大小判断异常体的强弱,进而判断其大小;将水平分量结果与理论曲线对比,根据曲线的零点位置,更为准确判断异常体的赋存位置。
显然,综合多分量进行判别地质异常体比单分量要可靠的多。均匀介质、板状异常体存在时的不同方向测量三组综合二次感应曲线,可以看出他们之间存在很大差别,因此,基于这些数据换算或者反演的地层电阻率信息将有很大差别,综合考虑去伪存真是三分量瞬变电磁技术远优于单分量探测瞬变电磁的重要特点。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种矿井瞬变电磁三分量探测方法,利用激发线圈、三组接收线圈、多通道瞬变电磁仪和工矿主机,其中多通道瞬变电磁仪分别与激发线圈及接收线圈,激发线圈和接收线圈分别与工矿主机相连接,其特征在于:首先对各种地层模型进行正演模拟,对所获得的矿井瞬变电磁三分量响应进行汇总分析;之后在实际测试井下掘进巷道迎头位置时,利用接收线圈采集当前巷道的瞬变电磁三分量数据,将采集到的当前巷道的瞬变电磁三分量数据与前方异常体模型的的全空间瞬变电磁三分量信息对比,对数据进行处理解释,从而判断出掘进工作面迎头前方是否存在板状异常体、板状异常体在煤层中的姿态、异常体的大小及位置信息。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的矿井瞬变电磁三分量探测方法,其特征在于所述的对各种地层模型进行正演模拟的步骤为:
    a.设计均匀全空间模型,对其响应进行数值模拟,得到二次感应电压随时间的变化曲线;
    b.设计含有板状异常体的地电模型,分别对板状体为水平和垂直放置时的响应进行数值模拟,得到板状体不同放置方式的多种对应二次感应电压随时间的变化曲线;分别将垂直和水平板状体的响应曲线与均匀全空间曲线对比,总结规律数据;
    c.建立掘进迎头正前方异常体模型,用以示意异常体相对巷道掘进的位置,在巷道迎头位置采用三分量采集方式和扇形测点布置方式,获得其垂直分量响应和水平分量响应;
    其垂直分量响应的不同时间剖面曲线均显现出单峰异常,在巷道扇形测点90°方向异常响应最强,该方向对应于迎头正前方探测方向,水平分量响应在左侧帮探测角度为负值,而右侧帮探测角度为正值,左右侧帮探测角度为45°的测点分别出现负极大值和正极大值,90°方向的水平分量响应为0,这是由于当发射方向沿迎头正前方时,发射线圈左右两边介质完全对称,两边介质的水平响应相互抵消,比较垂直分量和水平分量响应结果,水平分量对于异常体的位置反应更为灵敏,更利于定位异常体的方向;
    d.建立掘进巷道迎头侧帮的异常体模型,通过正演模拟获得其垂直分量和水平分量响应,其垂直分量响应的不同时间剖面曲线均在右侧帮45°方向出现极大值,准确反映了异常体的方位,水平分量曲线有两个零点,一个位于左侧帮45°方向,一个位于右侧帮45°方向,右侧帮45°方向对应于异常体方向,该角度探测时,发射线圈左右两侧介质完全对称,因此水平分量为零,左侧帮45°方向对应于垂直分量最低点位置,该发射方向与异常体所在方向完全正交,此时瞬变电磁场受异常体影响最小,因此垂直分量与水平分量响应都较弱。将迎头侧帮结果与迎头正前方结果对比,响应结果的变化完全反映了异常体方位的变化,因此三分量综合解释为异常体方向定位提供了新的途径。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的矿井瞬变电磁三分量探测方法,其特征在于所述实际测试井下掘进巷道迎头位置的步骤:
    a.在被测巷道的掘进工作面的迎头位置安装激发线圈和接收线圈,启动磁性源发射装置发射一次场脉冲,通过三组接收线圈接收周围地质体产生的二次场信号,接收线圈将采集到的信号反馈给工矿主机,并利用工矿主机将模拟信号转换为数值信号同时保存从而得到三分量信息;
    b.工矿主机作为瞬变电磁主机通过电缆与所有接收线圈相连,得到接收线圈反馈的电磁数据以感应电压的形式表达瞬变电磁二次场信息,将瞬变电磁二次场信息数据分为两 列,分别为时间序列和感应电压序列:将多个接收线圈的时间序列数据进行时-深转换得到探测的深度,同时将感应电压转换为视电阻率,从而得到[探测深度,视电阻率]数据组;
    c.利用归纳出的[探测深度,视电阻率]数据组在双对数坐标系中绘制感应电动势值V关于时间t的感应电压-时间曲线;由于电磁波传播时间的长短与探测深度相对应,而感应电动势的大小则反映地层电阻率信息,因此感应电压-时间曲线中变化趋势体现由浅到深的地层电阻率的变化,从而得到被测巷道的瞬变电磁三分量信息;
    d.改变发射线圈摆放位置重复步骤a-c,从而得到多组感应电压-时间曲线;
    e.利用多组感应电压-时间曲线判断掘进工作面的迎头方向的煤层中是否存在板状异常体,板状异常体在煤层中的姿态:
    当绘制出的多组感应电压-时间曲线中多数曲线为电动势V随着时间t平稳降低为零时,判断掘进工作面的迎头方向前方的煤层为均匀介质,不含有异常体;
    当绘制出的多组感应电压-时间曲线中多数曲线不为电动势V随着时间t平稳降低为零情况时,则判断掘进工作面的迎头方向前方的煤层中存在异常体,此时分别进行水平方向和垂直方向二次场的感应电压随时间的变化曲线,
    当绘制出的变化曲线为电动势V随着时间t降低为零,且在降低过程中出现非线性衰减,曲线出现凸起时,判判断掘进工作面的迎头方向前方的煤层中存在竖直放置的异常体,
    当绘制出的变化曲线为电动势V随着时间t未降低到零就结束,且在降低过程中出现下凹和上凸的变化,则判断掘进工作面的迎头方向前方的煤层中含有垂直状态的板状异常体;
    f.利用多组感应电压-时间曲线根据各种地层模型不同位置异常体的三分量数值模拟结果判断掘进工作面迎头前方异常体的大小及位置信息:
    将垂直分量结果与理论曲线对比,根据曲线的幅值大小判断异常体的强弱,进而判断其大小;将水平分量结果与理论曲线对比,根据曲线的零点位置,更为准确判断异常体的赋存位置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的矿井瞬变电磁三分量探测方法,其特征在于:所述模拟水平方向和垂直方向的感应电压随时间的变化曲线的步骤如下:
    I对感应电压数值模拟得到数据,统一采用对数坐标,得到多个[探测深度,视电阻率]对数坐标曲线;
    II将所有方向分量进行视电阻率换算或者电阻率反演,将会得到不同方向的地电信息,综合地电信息,对地质体进行综合地质解释。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种矿井瞬变电磁三分量探测方法,其特征在于:所述激发线圈和三组接收线圈采用的匝数不同,激发线圈的匝数为40匝,三组接收线圈的匝数均为60匝;其中发射线圈为采煤工作面掘进头法线方向设置,所述三组接收线圈互相垂直设置,其中一组接收线圈与发射线圈方向一致,利用重叠回线装置布设,其余两组接收线圈按照掘进头切线方向的分别为上下水平和左右水平设置,实现一次发射接收所有方向响应数据。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的矿井瞬变电磁三分量探测方法,其特征在于:所述激发线圈和接收线圈设置在在井下巷道迎头位置,通过变换发射与接收线圈角度,进行扇形扫描,探测三个方向的异常体二次电磁响应,获得更为丰富的电磁响应,进而更为准确地判断地层富含水区域。
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CN109655925B (zh) * 2019-01-28 2023-10-03 长江水利委员会长江科学院 快速移动式堤防孔洞瞬变电磁连续探测系统及方法
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CN112505786A (zh) * 2020-11-20 2021-03-16 安徽理工大学 坑道三方向视极化率超前探测方法
CN112505787A (zh) * 2020-11-24 2021-03-16 安徽理工大学 一种煤层顶板水电磁法透视勘探系统与方法
CN112946764A (zh) * 2021-02-04 2021-06-11 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 钻孔瞬变电磁径向远距离探测观测系统及方法
CN112946764B (zh) * 2021-02-04 2024-04-05 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 钻孔瞬变电磁径向远距离探测观测系统及方法
CN113568051A (zh) * 2021-07-19 2021-10-29 中国煤炭地质总局物测队 一种基于数理统计的瞬变电磁辅助解释方法
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CN113900151A (zh) * 2021-08-05 2022-01-07 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 一种井下直流单极动源异常自显式超前探测方法
CN113885084B (zh) * 2021-08-05 2024-04-09 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 一种井下直流单极动源超前探测方法
CN113885083B (zh) * 2021-08-05 2024-04-09 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 一种井下直流轴向偶极动源异常自显式超前探测方法
CN113900151B (zh) * 2021-08-05 2024-04-09 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 一种井下直流单极动源异常自显式超前探测方法
CN114089428A (zh) * 2021-10-29 2022-02-25 中国矿业大学 一种时间域电磁张量测井方法
CN114019570A (zh) * 2021-11-02 2022-02-08 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 一种天地孔协同一体的瞬变电磁探测采空区的方法
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CN115238465A (zh) * 2022-06-24 2022-10-25 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 电磁暂态仿真中列降阶模型的执行时间计算方法和装置
CN115238465B (zh) * 2022-06-24 2023-04-28 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 电磁暂态仿真中列降阶模型的执行时间计算方法和装置
CN115128680A (zh) * 2022-06-28 2022-09-30 吉林大学 一种磁性源多波形组合的瞬变电磁靶向测量方法
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CN116953803A (zh) * 2023-08-22 2023-10-27 中南大学 一种异常体信息处理方法及其应用的线圈传感器装置
CN116953803B (zh) * 2023-08-22 2024-05-14 中南大学 一种异常体信息处理方法及其应用的线圈传感器装置
CN117780346A (zh) * 2024-02-23 2024-03-29 太原矿机物联科技有限公司 基于3d可视化模型的远程煤机控制方法
CN117780346B (zh) * 2024-02-23 2024-05-24 太原矿机物联科技有限公司 基于3d可视化模型的远程煤机控制方法

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