WO2018095396A1 - 含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物及其应用 - Google Patents

含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2018095396A1
WO2018095396A1 PCT/CN2017/112717 CN2017112717W WO2018095396A1 WO 2018095396 A1 WO2018095396 A1 WO 2018095396A1 CN 2017112717 W CN2017112717 W CN 2017112717W WO 2018095396 A1 WO2018095396 A1 WO 2018095396A1
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carbon atoms
organic
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nitrogen
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French (fr)
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潘君友
黄宏
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广州华睿光电材料有限公司
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Priority to CN201780059572.9A priority Critical patent/CN109790120A/zh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D209/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/56Ring systems containing three or more rings
    • C07D209/80[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
    • C07D209/82Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
    • C07D209/86Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D251/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
    • C07D251/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D251/12Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D251/14Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom
    • C07D251/24Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom to three ring carbon atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/06Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/11OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of organic electroluminescent materials, in particular to an organic mixture of nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivatives and uses thereof.
  • carbazole derivatives Due to its high carrier transport capacity, photoelectric response properties and thermal stability, carbazole derivatives have become the focus of academic and industrial circles and have been applied to organic light-emitting diodes. However, since carbazole has good hole transport properties, its electron transport performance is relatively low. Most of the carbazole derivatives currently developed still have the disadvantages of hole and electron transport imbalance, resulting in poor chemical environmental stability of this type of compound, and shorter lifetime of devices using this type of compound.
  • the conventional technique is to introduce an electron-transporting group at a certain position of the carbazole group to have a certain electron-transporting property, but the introduction of electron-deficient also causes a problem of changes in the electrochemical level, and the molecular weight suddenly becomes large.
  • An organic mixture of a nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative comprising a first compound H1 and a second compound H2, and min((LUMO(H1)-HOMO(H2), LUMO(H2)-HOMO(H1)) ⁇ min (ET(H1), ET(H2))+0.1eV, where LUMO(H1), HOMO(H1), and ET(H1) are the lowest unoccupied orbital, highest occupied orbital, and triplet energy levels of H1, respectively, LUMO (H2), HOMO(H2) and ET(H2) are the lowest unoccupied orbits, the highest occupied orbits, and the triplet energy levels of H2, respectively;
  • the first compound H1 has the following formula I:
  • X is N or CR 1 and adjacent X is not N at the same time, and R 1 in CR 1 is selected from H, D, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and an aromatic group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms. a group of a heterocyclic group having 5 to 50 carbon atoms;
  • -Y 1 - and -Y 2 - each independently represent a single bond, an aromatic group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms or a non-carbon having 5 to 30 carbon atoms Aromatic ring group;
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from an aromatic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, an R 2 -substituted aromatic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, and R. a substituted 2- substituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms and a non-aromatic cyclic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms and a R 2 -substituted non-aromatic cyclic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, D, CN, NO 2 , CF 3 , B(OR 3 ) 2 , Si(R 3 ) 3 , linear alkane, alkane ether, 1 One to ten carbon atom alkane sulfide groups, branched alkane groups, cycloalkane groups, and alkane ether groups having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and R 3 is selected from H, D, and
  • the above organic mixture of the nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative includes the first compound H1 and the second compound H2 capable of forming a complex excited state.
  • the first excited state in the system for forming an organic mixture of the above-mentioned nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative preferentially occupies the lowest excited composite excited state, or the system in which the organic mixture of the above-described nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative is formed
  • An excited state facilitates the transfer of the energy of the triplet excited state on the first compound H1 or the second compound H2 to the complex excited state, thereby increasing the concentration of the complex excited state.
  • An organic electroluminescent material comprising an organic mixture of the above-described nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivatives.
  • An organic electronic device comprising the above organic mixture of a nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative.
  • the above organic mixture of the nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative can be used as an electrophosphorescent light-emitting co-host material, and by blending with the guest material, the luminous efficiency and lifetime of the electroluminescent device can be improved.
  • the above organic mixture of the nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative can also be used as a fluorescent co-host material or a luminescent material, and by blending with a fluorescent host material or a guest material, it is easy to improve the efficiency and lifetime of the electroluminescent device.
  • the present invention provides an organic mixture containing a nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative and its use.
  • a nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative and its use.
  • the energy levels, LUMO(H2), HOMO(H2), and ET(H2) are the lowest unoccupied orbitals, the highest occupied orbits, and the triplet states of the second compound H2, respectively;
  • the first compound H1 has the following formula I:
  • X is N or CR 1
  • only one X in Formula I is N, and the other X is CR 1 .
  • a plurality of X in Formula I may be N, and adjacent Xs are not N at the same time.
  • the 1 R CR 1 is selected from H, D, a carbon number of 1 to 20 alkyl group, an aromatic ring containing 6 - 50 carbon atoms in the group containing 5 to 50 carbon atoms heteroaromatic One of the bases;
  • Y 1 - and -Y 2 - when present multiple times, independently represent a single bond, an aromatic group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, or 5 to 30 A non-aromatic ring group of carbon atoms.
  • the heteroaromatic ring group means a hydrocarbon group containing at least one hetero atom in the aromatic ring.
  • the hetero atom is selected from at least one of Si, N, P, O, S, and Ge.
  • the hetero atom is selected from at least one of Si, N, P, O, and S.
  • the aryl group means a hydrocarbon group containing at least one aromatic ring.
  • the aryl or heteroaryl group also includes the case where the aryl group or the heteroaryl group is interrupted by a non-aromatic unit, for example, the aryl group or the heteroaryl group is interrupted by a non-H atom having a ratio of atoms of less than 10%, preferably by the number of atoms. Non-H atomic discontinuities accounting for less than 5%.
  • the non-H atom includes at least one of C, N, and O.
  • the aryl group is derived from one of the following compounds: 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-diarylfluorene.
  • the heteroaryl group is derived from one of the following compounds: a triarylamine, a diaryl ether.
  • the aromatic group is derived from a derivative of benzene, benzene, a derivative of naphthalene, naphthalene, a derivative of ruthenium, osmium, a derivative of phenanthrene, phenanthrene, a perylene, a derivative of perylene.
  • derivatives of tetracene, tetracene, derivatives of ruthenium and osmium derivatives of benzopyrene, benzopyrene, derivatives of triphenylene, triphenylene, derivatives of ruthenium, osmium, iridium and osmium At least one of the derivatives.
  • the heteroaryl group is derived from furan, a derivative of furan, a benzofuran, a derivative of benzofuran, a derivative of thiophene, thiophene, a derivative of benzothiophene, benzothiophene, pyrrole, pyrrole Derivatives, derivatives of pyrazoles, pyrazoles, derivatives of triazoles, triazoles, imidazoles, derivatives of imidazoles, derivatives of oxazoles, oxazoles, oxadiazoles, derivatives of oxadiazoles, thiazoles a derivative of thiazole, a tetrazole, a derivative of tetrazole, a derivative of ruthenium, osmium, a derivative of oxazole, oxazole, a pyrroloimidazole, a derivative of pyrroloimidazole, pyrrolopyrrol, pyrrol,
  • -Y 1 - and -Y 2 - are each independently selected from the group consisting of an aromatic group having 5 to 25 carbon atoms and a heteroaryl group having 5 to 25 carbon atoms.
  • -Y 1 - and -Y 2 - are each independently selected from an aromatic group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms or a heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • -Y 1 - and -Y 2 - are each independently selected from an aromatic group having 5 to 18 carbon atoms or a heteroaryl group having 5 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • At least one of -Y 1 - and -Y 2 - contains a non-aromatic ring group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms substituted with R 4 .
  • the non-aromatic ring group contains from 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the ring system. In other embodiments, the non-aromatic ring group contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the ring system. It will be understood that the ring system of the non-aromatic ring group may include all saturated cyclic systems, and may also include partially unsaturated cyclic systems.
  • the non-aromatic ring is monosubstituted by R 4 . In other embodiments, the ring is non-aromatic group R 4 polysubstituted.
  • R 4 is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • R 4 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, 2-methylbutyl , n-pentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoromethyl, 2,2,2-tri Fluoroethyl, vinyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexenyl, heptenyl, cycloheptenyl, octenyl, cyclooctenyl, One of an ethynyl group,
  • R 4 is selected from alkoxy groups of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • R 4 is selected from methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy or 2-methyl Butoxy
  • R 4 is selected from heteroaryl groups of from 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, perylene, indoline, fluorene, fluorene, fluorene, butyl, pentacene, benzopyrene, furan, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, Dibenzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, isobenzothiophene, thiopurine, pyrrole, hydrazine, isoindole, carbazole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, acridine, phenanthridine, benzo-5 , 6-quinoline, benzo-6,7-quinoline, benzo-7,8-quinoline, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, pyrazole, oxazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, naphthoimidazole, Fenimidazole, pyridoimid
  • R 4 comprises at least one of Si, N, P, O, S, and Ge.
  • R 4 comprises one of Si, N, P, O, and S.
  • R 4 is cyclohexyl, piperidinyl or cyclooctadiene ring-based.
  • the aryl and heteroaryl are selected from the group consisting of biphenylene, terphenyl, anthracene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, tetrahydroanthracene, and cis and trans indenoindole.
  • -Y 1 - and -Y 2 - are independently selected from an aromatic group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or 2 to 10 a non-aromatic ring of carbon atoms.
  • -Y 1 -, -Y 2 - are each independently selected from the group consisting of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyridine, perylene, and thiophene.
  • At least one of -Y 1 -, -Y 2 - is substituted by R 5 and R 5 is selected from heteroaryl groups of 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • -Y 1 -, -Y 2 - comprises one of the following structural groups:
  • X 1 is CR 6 or N;
  • Y 3 is selected from one of CR 7 R 8 , SiR 9 R 10 , NR 11 , S, O, and a carbonyl group;
  • R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 are each independently selected from H, D, a linear alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • a thioalkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms a substituted keto group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms a branched or cyclic alkoxy group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched or cyclic thioalkoxy group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a silyl group, having 2 to 20 Alkoxycarbonyl group of one carbon atom, aryloxycarbonyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, cyano group, carbamoyl group, haloformyl group, formyl group, isocyano group, isocyanate group, thiocyanate group, Isothiocyan
  • -Y 1 - and -Y 2 - each have one of the following structural formulae:
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from an aromatic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, an R 2 -substituted aromatic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, and R. a substituted 2- substituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms and a non-aromatic cyclic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms and a R 2 -substituted non-aromatic cyclic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms .
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, D, CN, NO 2 , CF 3 , B(OR 3 ) 2 , Si(R 3 ) 3 , linear alkane, alkane ether, and 1 One of 10 carbon atom alkane sulfide group, branched alkane group, cycloalkane group and alkane ether group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and R 3 is selected from H, D, and contains 1 to 10 One of a fatty alkane group of a carbon atom, an aromatic group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and a heteroaryl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from an aromatic group having 5 to 50 carbon atoms, an R 2 -substituted aromatic group having 5 to 50 carbon atoms, and 5 to 50 Carbon atom heteroaromatic group, R 2 substituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 carbon atoms, non-aromatic ring group having 5 to 50 carbon atoms, and R 2 substituted non-aromatic having 5 to 50 carbon atoms
  • an aromatic group having 5 to 50 carbon atoms an R 2 -substituted aromatic group having 5 to 50 carbon atoms, and 5 to 50 Carbon atom heteroaromatic group
  • R 2 substituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 carbon atoms
  • non-aromatic ring group having 5 to 50 carbon atoms
  • R 2 substituted non-aromatic having 5 to 50 carbon atoms One of the group of ring groups.
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from an aromatic group having 5 to 40 carbon atoms, an R 2 -substituted aromatic group having 5 to 40 carbon atoms, and 5 to 40 Carbon atom heteroaromatic group, R 2 substituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 carbon atoms, non-aromatic ring group having 5 to 40 carbon atoms, and R 2 substituted non-aromatic having 5 to 40 carbon atoms
  • an aromatic group having 5 to 40 carbon atoms an R 2 -substituted aromatic group having 5 to 40 carbon atoms, and 5 to 40 Carbon atom heteroaromatic group
  • R 2 substituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 carbon atoms R 2 substituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 carbon atoms
  • non-aromatic ring group having 5 to 40 carbon atoms
  • R 2 substituted non-aromatic having 5 to 40 carbon atoms One of the group of ring groups.
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from an aromatic group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, an R 2 -substituted aromatic group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, and 5 to 30 Carbon atom heteroaromatic group, R 2 substituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, non-aromatic ring group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, and R 2 substituted non-aromatic having 5 to 30 carbon atoms
  • an aromatic group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms an R 2 -substituted aromatic group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, and 5 to 30 Carbon atom heteroaromatic group
  • R 2 substituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms
  • non-aromatic ring group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms
  • R 2 substituted non-aromatic having 5 to 30 carbon atoms One of the group of ring groups.
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently selected from an aromatic group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, an R 2 -substituted aromatic group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and 5 to 20 Carbon atom heteroaromatic group, R 2 substituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, non-aromatic ring group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and R 2 substituted non-aromatic having 5 to 20 carbon atoms
  • an aromatic group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms an R 2 -substituted aromatic group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and 5 to 20 Carbon atom heteroaromatic group
  • R 2 substituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms
  • non-aromatic ring group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms
  • R 2 substituted non-aromatic having 5 to 20 carbon atoms One of the group of ring groups.
  • both Ar 1 and Ar 2 have at least one of the following structural groups:
  • n is an integer of 1-4.
  • the first compound H1 has the following structure:
  • the first compound H1 ensures the first position by the biscarbazole structure and the soluble substituent of the above structure, and by adjusting the position of the bond between the dicarbazole core structure and the substituent of -Y 1 -, -Y 2 - The solubility of compound H1.
  • the first compound H1 has at least one of the following structures:
  • the energy levels of HOMO and LUMO can be measured by photoelectric effect, such as XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), UPS (ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy), CV (cyclic voltammetry).
  • photoelectric effect such as XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), UPS (ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy), CV (cyclic voltammetry).
  • quantum chemical methods such as DFT (density functional theory) have also become effective methods for calculating molecular orbital energy levels.
  • the triplet level ET of organic materials can be measured by low temperature time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy, either by quantum simulation (such as Time-dependent DFT) or by the commercial software Gaussian 03W (Gaussian Inc.). For specific simulation methods, see WO2011141110 Or as follows in the embodiment.
  • the absolute values of HOMO, LUMO, and ET depend on the measurement method or calculation method used, and the same measurement method is used. Different evaluation methods may result in different HOMO/LUMO values. For example, the starting point and peak point on the CV curve can give different HOMO/LUMO values. Therefore, reasonable and meaningful comparisons should be made using the same measurement method and the same evaluation method.
  • the values of HOMO, LUMO, and ET are calculated based on the simulation of Time-dependent DFT. Of course, other measurement or calculation methods may be used for the absolute value calculation of HOMO, LUMO, and ET of the above organic mixture.
  • the energy of the first compound H1 and the second compound H2 to form a complex excited state depends on min((LUMOH1-HOMOH2), (LUMOH2-HOMOH1)), min((LUMOH1–HOMOH2), (LUMOH2) -HOMOH1)) is less than or equal to the triplet excited state level of the first compound H1 and the triplet excited state level of the second compound H2.
  • the second compound H2 is an organic compound containing at least one electron withdrawing group.
  • the first compound H1 and the second compound H2 containing an electron withdrawing group are liable to form a type II semiconductor heterojunction.
  • Heterojunction refers to the interface region formed by the contact of two different semiconductors. According to the alignment of two material conduction bands (LUMO) and valence band (HOMO) in the heterojunction, the heterojunction can be divided into I-type
  • the basic feature of the mass and type II heterojunction is the separation of electron and hole spaces near the interface and the localization in the self-consistent quantum well. Due to the overlap of the interface accessory wave functions, the optical matrix elements are reduced, so that the radiation lifetime is lengthened, the exciton binding energy is reduced, and the stability of the light emitting device is improved.
  • the electron withdrawing group of the second compound H2 is one of F, a cyano group, and the following groups:
  • N1 is an integer of 1 to 3
  • X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , X 6 , X 7 , X 8 and X 9 are each independently CR 12 or N
  • X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , at least one of X 6 , X 7 , X 8 and X 9 is N
  • R 12 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkene, alkyne, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl And one of the heteroaryl groups.
  • -Z 1 -, -Z 2 -, -Z 3 - are each independently a single bond, -C(R 12 ) 2 -, -O- or -S-.
  • the second compound H2 has the structure shown in Formula II:
  • Z is N or CR 13 and at least one Z is N.
  • the CR 13 R 13 is H, D, alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic ring group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or a heteroaromatic ring group containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • Ar 3 , Ar 4 and Ar 5 are each independently selected from an aromatic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, an R 2 -substituted aromatic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms.
  • R 2 comprises a substituted 5 to 60 carbon atoms, a heteroaromatic group containing 5 to 60 carbon atoms and a non-aromatic ring group substituted with R 2 contains 5 to 60 carbon atoms, non-aromatic ring group
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, Br, I, D, CN, NO 2 , CF 3 , B(OR 3 ) 2 , Si(R 3 ) 3 , linear alkane, alkane ether And one of an alkane sulfide group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a branched alkane group, a cycloalkane group and an alkane ether group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and R 3 is selected from the group consisting of H, D, and 1 One of an aliphatic alkane group having 10 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, and a heteroaryl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms;
  • w, m, and p are each an integer of 1-3.
  • Ar 3 , Ar 4 and Ar 5 are each independently selected from an aromatic group having 5 to 50 carbon atoms, an R 2 -substituted aromatic group having 5 to 50 carbon atoms, and 5 ⁇ 50 carbon atom heteroaromatic groups, R 2 substituted heteroaryl groups having 5 to 50 carbon atoms, non-aromatic ring groups having 5 to 50 carbon atoms, and R 2 substituted 5 to 50 carbons One of the non-aromatic ring groups of atoms.
  • Ar 3 , Ar 4 and Ar 5 are each independently selected from an aromatic group having 5 to 40 carbon atoms, an R 2 -substituted aromatic group having 5 to 40 carbon atoms, and 5 ⁇ 40 carbon atom heteroaromatic groups, R 2 substituted heteroaryl groups having 5 to 40 carbon atoms, non-aromatic ring groups having 5 to 40 carbon atoms, and R 2 substituted 5 to 40 carbons One of the non-aromatic ring groups of atoms.
  • Ar 3 , Ar 4 and Ar 5 are each independently selected from an aromatic group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, an R 2 -substituted aromatic group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, and 5 ⁇ 30 carbon atom heteroaromatic groups, R 2 substituted heteroaryl groups having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, non-aromatic ring groups having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, and R 2 substituted 5 to 30 carbons One of the non-aromatic ring groups of atoms.
  • Ar 3 , Ar 4 and Ar 5 are each independently selected from an aromatic group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, an R 2 -substituted aromatic group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and 5 ⁇ 20 carbon atom heteroaromatic groups, R 2 substituted heteroaryl groups having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, non-aromatic ring groups having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and R 2 substituted 5 to 20 carbons One of the non-aromatic ring groups of atoms.
  • Ar 3 , Ar 4 and Ar 5 each have at least one of the following structural groups:
  • n is an integer of 1-4.
  • the second compound H2 has one of the following structures:
  • the excitons of the light-emitting layer may interact with the interface charges of the electron transport layer or the hole transport layer, thereby causing the device efficiency to roll off sharply at high luminance and shorten the life.
  • the first compound H1 and the second compound H2 are mixed to form a co-host to introduce a light-emitting layer to balance the hole and electron mobility of the light-emitting layer, so that the light-emitting region emits light in the middle of the light-emitting layer, thereby improving device efficiency while improving the device. life.
  • the mass ratio of the first compound H1 to the second compound H2 is from 1:10 to 10:1.
  • the mass ratio of the first compound H1 to the second compound H2 is from 2:8 to 8:2.
  • the mass ratio of the first compound H1 to the second compound H2 is from 3:7 to 7:3.
  • the mass ratio of the first compound H1 to the second compound H2 is from 4:6 to 6:4.
  • the mass ratio of the first compound H1 to the second compound H2 is from 4.5:5.5 to 5.5:4.5.
  • the mass ratio of the first compound H1 to the second compound H2 is 1:1.
  • the organic mixture of the above nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivatives is a mixture of small molecular materials.
  • small molecule as defined herein does not refer to a molecule of an oligomer, dendrimer, or blend.
  • the polymer that is, the polymer, includes a homopolymer, a copolymer, and a block copolymer.
  • Polymers also include dendrimers.
  • Dendrimers and Dendrons see Dendrimers and Dendrons, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2002, Ed. George R. Newkome, Charles N. Moorefield, Fritz Vogtle .
  • a conjugated polymer is a backbone mainly composed of sp2 hybrid orbitals of C atoms, such as polyacetylene and polyphenylene vinylene, and its main chain
  • the C atom on it can also be replaced by other non-C atoms, and when the sp2 hybrid on the main chain is interrupted by some natural defects, it is still considered to be a conjugated polymer.
  • the conjugated high polymer also includes an aryl amine, an aryl phosphine and other heteroarmotics, and an organometallic complexes in the main chain. )Wait.
  • the small molecule has a relative molecular mass of ⁇ 4000 grams per mole.
  • the small molecule has a relative molecular mass of ⁇ 3000 grams per mole.
  • the small molecule has a relative molecular mass of ⁇ 2000 g/mol.
  • the small molecule has a relative molecular mass ⁇ 1500 g/mol.
  • the difference in relative molecular mass of the first compound H1 and the second compound H2 does not exceed 100 g/mol.
  • the difference in relative molecular mass of the first compound H1 and the second compound H2 does not exceed 80 g/mol.
  • the difference in relative molecular mass of the first compound H1 and the second compound H2 does not exceed 60 g/mol.
  • the difference in relative molecular mass of the first compound H1 and the second compound H2 does not exceed 40 g/mol.
  • the difference in sublimation temperatures of the first compound H1 and the second compound H2 does not exceed 30K.
  • the difference in sublimation temperatures of the first compound H1 and the second compound H2 does not exceed 25K.
  • the difference in sublimation temperatures of the first compound H1 and the second compound H2 does not exceed 20K.
  • the difference in sublimation temperatures of the first compound H1 and the second compound H2 does not exceed 15K.
  • An organic electroluminescent material comprising an organic mixture of the above-described nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivatives.
  • the above organic mixture of the nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative further comprises at least one organic function a material selected from the group consisting of a hole (also called a hole) injection or transport material (HIM/HTM), a hole blocking material (HBM), an electron injecting or transporting material (EIM/ETM), an electron blocking material ( EBM), organic host material (Host), singlet emitter (fluorescent emitter), heavy emitter (phosphorescent emitter), organic thermal excitation delayed fluorescent material (TADF material, such as luminescent organometallic complex).
  • a hole also called a hole injection or transport material
  • HBM hole blocking material
  • EIM/ETM electron injecting or transporting material
  • EBM electron blocking material
  • organic host material Host
  • singlet emitter fluorescent emitter
  • heavy emitter phosphorescent emitter
  • TADF material organic thermal excitation delayed fluorescent material
  • the host material is also referred to as a triplet host material, and a metal complex or an organic compound having a triplet energy of a triplet host material higher than that of the illuminant can be used as a host.
  • a metal complex that can be used as a triplet host has the structure:
  • M is a metal atom
  • Y 3 and Y 4 are a bidentate ligand, and Y 3 and Y 4 are each independently selected from one of C, N, O, P, and S.
  • L is an ancillary ligand; a and b are integers, the value of a is from 1 to the maximum coordination number of the metal; a+b is the maximum coordination number of the metal.
  • the metal complex that can be used as the triplet host has the following form:
  • (O-N) is a bidentate ligand in which the metals Al and Zn are coordinated to O and N, respectively.
  • M can be selected from Ir and Pt.
  • the organic compound of the triplet host is selected from the group consisting of compounds containing a cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group.
  • the organic compound of the triplet host is selected from the group consisting of benzene, biphenyl, triphenyl, benzo, and anthracene.
  • the organic compound of the triplet host is selected from the group consisting of compounds containing an aromatic heterocyclic group.
  • the organic compound of the triplet host is selected from the group consisting of dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, dibenzoselenophene, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzoselenophene, anthracene.
  • the organic compound of the triplet host is selected from the group containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the organic compound of the triplet host may be a cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and may be directly or in combination with at least one of the following groups: an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, A sulfur atom, a silicon atom, a phosphorus atom, a boron atom, a chain structural unit, and an aliphatic ring group are bonded together.
  • the cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group or the aromatic heterocyclic group may be further substituted, and the substituent may be selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkene, alkyne, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl and hetero Aryl.
  • the triplet host material comprises a group of the following structures or a group of compounds of the structure:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, heterocycloalkane Base, aryl and heteroaryl.
  • f is an integer from 1 to 20.
  • X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , X 6 , X 7 , X 8 are selected from CH or N, and X 9 is CR 1 R 2 or NR 1 .
  • the triplet host material is one of the following structural formulas:
  • the triplet emitter is a metal complex having the formula Q(P)a 1 wherein Q is a metal atom, P is an organic ligand, and the organic ligand P is bonded or coordinated by position Connected to the metal atom Q, a 1 is an integer greater than one.
  • the metal Q is selected from a transition metal element, a lanthanide or a lanthanide.
  • the metal Q is Ir, Pt, Pd, Au, Rh, Ru, Os, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Re, Cu or Ag.
  • the metal Q is Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Re, Pd or Pt.
  • the triplet emitter comprises a chelating ligand, ie, a ligand, which is coordinated to the metal by at least two bonding sites, the chelating ligand facilitating the stability of the metal complex.
  • the metal complex of Q(P)a 1 is coupled to a polymer by position.
  • the metal complex of Q(P)a 1 is coupled to a polymer via an organic ligand.
  • the triplet emitter comprises a bidentate ligand having two ligands, wherein the two ligands may be the same ligand or different ligands.
  • the triplet emitter comprises a multidentate ligand having three ligands, wherein the three ligands may be the same ligand or may be different ligands.
  • the organic ligand P is a phenylpyridine derivative, a 7,8-benzoquinoline derivative, a 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine derivative, or a 2-(1-naphthyl)pyridine.
  • the organic ligand P is selected from a phenylpyridine derivative substituted with a fluorine- or trifluoromethyl group, a 7,8-benzoquinoline derivative substituted with a fluorine- or trifluoromethyl group, Derivatization of 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine substituted by fluorine or trifluoromethyl A 2-(1-naphthyl)pyridine derivative substituted by fluorine or trifluoromethyl, or a 2-phenylquinoline derivative substituted by fluorine and trifluoromethyl.
  • the organic ligand P is acetic acid acetone or picric acid.
  • a 1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
  • the metal complex of the triplet emitter has the following form:
  • Q2 is a metal atom selected from the group consisting of transition metal elements, lanthanides and actinides.
  • Ar 1 is a cyclic group containing at least one donor atom, that is, an atom having a lone pair of electrons such as nitrogen or phosphorus, and Ar 1 is coordinated to the metal through its cyclic group.
  • Ar 2 is a cyclic group containing at least one C atom, and Ar 1 is bonded to the metal through its cyclic group.
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 are bonded together by a covalent bond.
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 each carry a substituent group, and Ar 1 and Ar 2 may also be bonded together by a substituent group.
  • P2 is an ancillary ligand.
  • the ancillary ligand P2 is a bidentate chelate ligand.
  • the ancillary ligand P2 is a monoanionic bidentate chelate ligand.
  • a2 is 1, 2 or 3.
  • a2 is 2 or 3.
  • a2 is 3.
  • b2 is 0, 1, or 2.
  • b2 is 0 or 1.
  • b2 is zero.
  • the material of the triplet emitter and its use are the same as in the following patent documents and documents: WO 200070655, WO 200141512, WO 200202714, WO 200215645, EP 1191613, EP 1191612, EP 1191614, WO 2005033244, WO 2005019373, US 2005/0258742, WO 2009146770, WO 2010015307, WO 2010031485, WO 2010054731, WO 2010054728, WO 2010086089, WO 2010099852, WO 2010102709, US 20070087219 A1, US 20090061681 A1, US 20010053462 A1, Baldo, Thompson et al.
  • the triplet emitter is one of the following structures:
  • An organic compound having a singlet energy higher than that of the illuminant can be used as a singlet host material.
  • the organic compound used in the singlet host material is selected from the group consisting of a cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound, an aromatic heterocyclic compound, or a compound containing a group of 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the organic compound used in the singlet host material contains a plurality of cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon groups, a plurality of aromatic heterocyclic groups or a plurality of groups having a structure of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, these groups are directly or at least mutually
  • One of the following structural groups is bonded together: an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, a silicon atom, a phosphorus atom, a boron atom, a chain structural unit, and an aliphatic ring group.
  • the organic compound used in the singlet host material is selected from the group consisting of benzene, biphenyl, triphenyl, benzo, naphthalene, anthracene, anthracene, phenanthrene, anthracene, anthracene, pyrene, pyrene, anthracene, and the like.
  • the singlet host material has at least one of the following structural groups:
  • X 10 is selected from CR 1 R 2 or NR 1 .
  • the fluorenyl singlet host material has the following structure:
  • Fluorescent emitters are also referred to as singlet emitters, and singlet emitters have longer conjugated pi-electrons.
  • the singlet emitter is selected from the group consisting of monostyrylamine, dibasic styrylamine, ternary styrylamine, quaternary styrylamine, styrene phosphine, styrene ether, and arylamine.
  • the monostyrylamine is a compound comprising a styryl group and at least one amine.
  • the dibasic styrylamine is a compound comprising two styryl groups and at least one amine.
  • the ternary styrylamine is a compound comprising three styryl groups and at least one amine.
  • the quaternary styrylamine is a compound comprising four styryl groups and at least one amine.
  • the monostyrylamine is a compound comprising a styryl group and at least one aromatic amine amine.
  • the distyrylamine is a compound comprising two styryl groups and at least one aromatic amine
  • the ternal styrylamine is a compound comprising three styryl groups and at least one aromatic amine
  • the tetrabasinamine is a compound comprising four styryl groups and at least one aromatic amine
  • the styryl group is a substituted styryl group.
  • the styrene is stilbene and, of course, may be substituted stilbene in other embodiments.
  • styrene phosphine and styrene ether are similar to those of styrylamine.
  • An aromatic amine is a compound comprising three aromatic or heterocyclic rings directly bonded to a nitrogen, and at least one of these aromatic or heterocyclic rings is selected from the fused ring system.
  • the aromatic amine has at least 14 carbon atoms.
  • the aromatic amine is selected from the group consisting of aromatic decylamine, aromatic quinone diamine, aromatic decylamine, aromatic quinone diamine, aromatic thiamine, and aromatic quinone diamine.
  • Aromatic guanamine is a compound in which a diarylamine group is directly attached to the oxime.
  • the diarylamine group is attached directly to the 9-position of the indole.
  • Aromatic quinone diamines are compounds in which two diaryl arylamine groups are attached directly to the oxime.
  • the diarylamine group is attached directly to the carbon 9 and carbon 10 positions of the oxime.
  • aromatic decylamine, aromatic guanidine diamine, aromatic thiamine and aromatic quinone diamine are similar to the definition of aromatic guanamine.
  • the diarylamine group is attached to the carbon 1, or carbon 1 and carbon 6 positions of the anthracene.
  • the singlet emitters based on vinylamines and aromatic amines are identical to the singlet emitters in the following patent documents: WO 2006/000388, WO 2006/058737, WO 2006/000389, WO 2007/065549, WO 2007/115610 US 7,250,532 B2, DE 102005058557 A1, CN 1583691 A, JP 08053397 A, US 6251531 B1, US 2006/210830 A, EP 1957606 A1 and US 2008/0113101 A1.
  • the singlet emitter is an indeno-amine, an indeno-diamine, a benzindene-amine, a benzindene-diamine, a dibenzoindenoindole- Amine or dibenzoindenoindole-diamine.
  • the material of the singlet emitter is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound.
  • the material of the singlet emitter is selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, naphthalene, tetraphenyl, xanthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, anthracene, phenylene, diterpene, decacyclic, hexabenzene.
  • the material of the singlet emitter is selected from the group consisting of 9,10-bis(2-naphthoquinone), 2,5,8,11-tetra-t-butylhydrazine and 4,4'- One of bis(9-ethyl-3-carbazolevinyl)-1,1'-biphenyl.
  • the material of the singlet illuminant is the same as the singlet illuminator of the following patent documents: US 20070252517 A1, US 4769292, US 6020078, US 2007/0252517 A1 or US 2007/0252517 A1.
  • the singlet illuminant has the following structure:
  • the thermally activated delayed fluorescent luminescent material is a third generation organic luminescent material developed after organic fluorescent materials and organic phosphorescent materials.
  • Such materials generally have a small singlet-triplet energy level difference ( ⁇ Est), and triplet excitons can be converted into singlet exciton luminescence by anti-intersystem crossing. This can make full use of the singlet excitons and triplet excitons formed under electrical excitation.
  • the quantum efficiency in the device can reach 100%.
  • the material structure is controllable, the property is stable, the price is cheap, no precious metal is needed, and the application prospect in the OLED field is broad.
  • TADF materials need to have a small singlet-triplet energy level difference.
  • the TADF material is the same as the following patent documents: CN103483332(A), TW201309696(A), TW201309778(A), TW201343874(A), TW201350558(A), US20120217869(A1), WO2013133359(A1) , WO2013154064 (A1), Adachi, et.al. Adv. Mater., 21, 2009, 4802, Adachi, et. al. Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, 2011, 083302, Adachi, et. al. Appl. Phys. Lett., 101, 2012, 093306, Adachi, et. al. Chem.
  • the TADF material is one of the following structures:
  • the above organic electroluminescent material comprises the above-described organic mixture of a nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative and a phosphorescent emitter.
  • the above organic mixture of the nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative is used as a host material, wherein the weight percentage of the phosphorescent emitter in the above organic electroluminescent material is ⁇ 30% by weight.
  • the phosphorescent emitter weight percentage is ⁇ 25 wt%.
  • the phosphorescent emitter weight percentage is ⁇ 20 wt%.
  • the above organic electroluminescent material comprises the above-described organic mixture of a nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative and a fluorescent emitter.
  • the above organic mixture of the nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative is used as a fluorescent host material in which the weight percentage of the fluorescent light emitter is ⁇ 15% by weight.
  • the fluorescent emitter weight percentage is ⁇ 10 wt%.
  • the fluorescent illuminant weight percentage is ⁇ 8 wt%.
  • the above organic electroluminescent material comprises the above-described organic mixture of a nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative, a phosphorescent emitter, and a host material.
  • the organic mixture of the above-mentioned nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative is used as an auxiliary luminescent material, and the weight ratio of the organic mixture of the above-mentioned nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative to the phosphorescent emitter is from 1:2 to 2:1.
  • the organic mixture of the above-described nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivatives has a higher energy level of the composite excited state than the phosphorescent emitter.
  • the above organic mixture of the nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative and the TADF material acts as a TADF host material wherein the weight percent of the TADF material is ⁇ 15 wt%.
  • the weight percent of TADF material is ⁇ 10 wt%.
  • the weight percent of TADF material is ⁇ 8 wt%.
  • the organic mixture of the above-described nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative has a solubility in toluene of 10 mg/ml at 25 °C.
  • the organic mixture of the above-described nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative has a solubility in toluene of 15 mg/ml at 25 °C.
  • the organic mixture of the above-described nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative has a solubility in toluene of 20 mg/ml at 25 °C.
  • An ink comprising an organic mixture of the above-described nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative and at least one organic solvent.
  • the organic mixture of the above-mentioned nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative has a surface tension of from 10 dyne/cm to 50 dyne/cm at from 100 ° C to 250 ° C or at 25 ° C.
  • the organic mixture of the above-mentioned nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative has a surface tension of from 22 dyne/cm to 35 dyne/cm at from 100 ° C to 250 ° C or at 25 ° C.
  • the organic mixture of the above nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative has a surface tension of from 25 dyne/cm to 33 dyne/cm at from 100 ° C to 250 ° C or at 25 ° C.
  • the organic mixture of the above-mentioned nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative has a viscosity of from 1 cps to 100 cps at 100 ° C to 250 ° C or at 25 ° C.
  • the viscosity can be adjusted by different methods, such as by the concentration of the functional material in the solvent and ink.
  • the organic mixture of the above-mentioned nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative has a viscosity of from 1 cps to 50 cps at 100 ° C to 250 ° C or at 25 ° C.
  • the organic mixture of the above-described nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative has a viscosity of from 1.5 cps to 20 cps at from 100 ° C to 250 ° C or at 25 ° C.
  • the organic mixture of the above nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative has a viscosity of from 4.0 cps to 20 cps at from 100 ° C to 250 ° C or at 25 ° C.
  • the viscosity and surface tension of the ink are important parameters, and the surface tension parameters of the ink correspond to a specific substrate and a specific printing method.
  • the ink of the organic mixture of the above-mentioned nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivatives can facilitate the adjustment of the printing ink in an appropriate range according to the printing method used.
  • the organic mixture of the above-mentioned nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative contains a functional material in a weight ratio of 0.3% by weight to 30% by weight.
  • the organic mixture of the above nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative comprises a functional material in a weight ratio of 0.5 Wt% to 20wt%.
  • the organic mixture of the above-mentioned nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative comprises a functional material in a weight ratio of from 0.5% by weight to 15% by weight.
  • the organic mixture of the above-described nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative comprises a functional material in a weight ratio of from 0.5% by weight to 10% by weight.
  • the organic mixture of the above-mentioned nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative comprises a functional material in a weight ratio of from 1% by weight to 5% by weight.
  • the organic solvent is selected from at least one of a solvent based on an aromatic and a heteroaromatic.
  • the organic solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic chain, a ring-substituted aromatic solvent, an aromatic ketone solvent, and an aromatic ether solvent.
  • the aromatic or heteroaromatic based solvent is selected from the group consisting of p-diisopropylbenzene, pentylbenzene, tetrahydronaphthalene, cyclohexylbenzene, chloronaphthalene, 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene, 3- Isopropyl biphenyl, p-methyl cumene, dipentylbenzene, triphenylbenzene, pentyltoluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-diethylbenzene, m-diethylbenzene, p-diethyl Benzene, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, butylbenzene, dodecylbenzene, dihexylbenzene, dibutyl Benzene,
  • the organic solvent of the aliphatic ketone is selected from the group consisting of 2-nonanone, 3-fluorenone, 5-fluorenone, 2-nonanone, 2,5- Hexanedione, 2,6,8-trimethyl-4-indolone, phorone, di-n-pentyl ketone, etc.; or an aliphatic ether, for example, pentyl ether, hexyl ether, dioctyl ether, ethylene glycol Dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, At least one of tripropylene glycol dimethyl ether and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
  • an aliphatic ether for example, pentyl ether, hexy
  • the ink further comprises at least one of the following organic solvents: methanol, ethanol, 2-methoxyethanol, dichloromethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, anisole , morpholine, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, 1,4 dioxane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 1,2 dichloroethane, 3-phenoxytoluene 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide , tetrahydronaphthalene, decalin and hydrazine.
  • organic solvents methanol, ethanol, 2-methoxyethanol, dichloromethane, chloroform, chlorobenz
  • the ink is a solution.
  • the ink is a suspension.
  • the above ink comprises from 0.01% by weight to 20% by weight of the organic mixture of the nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative, preferably from 0.1% by weight to 15% by weight, more preferably from 0.2% by weight to 10% by weight, further preferably from 0.25% by weight to ⁇ 5 wt% organic mixture.
  • An organic mixture of a nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative can be used as a coating or printing ink for the preparation of organic electronic devices.
  • the organic mixture of the nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative is used as a coating or printing ink to produce an organic electronic device by printing or coating.
  • the printing or coating techniques include inkjet printing, Nozzle Printing, typography, screen printing, dip coating, spin coating, knife coating, roller printing, torsion roll printing, At least one of lithographic, flexographic, rotary printing, spray coating, brushing or pad printing, and slit type extrusion coating.
  • the printing or coating technique is gravure, inkjet or inkjet printing.
  • the suspension of the organic mixture of the nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative or the organic mixture of the nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative further comprises at least one other component.
  • the suspension of the organic mixture of the nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative or the organic mixture of the nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative further comprises a surfactant for adjusting viscosity, film forming properties, and adhesion. Sex.
  • the solution of the organic mixture of the nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative or the organic mixture of the nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative further comprises at least one of a lubricant, a dispersant, a hydrophobic agent, and a binder.
  • Organic electronic devices can be selected from organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), organic light-emitting cells (OLEEC), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), organic A light-emitting field effect transistor, an organic laser, an organic spintronic device, an organic sensor, and an organic plasmon emitting diode (Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode).
  • OLEDs organic light-emitting diodes
  • OCVs organic photovoltaic cells
  • OFETs organic field effect transistors
  • organic A light-emitting field effect transistor an organic laser, an organic spintronic device, an organic sensor, and an organic plasmon emitting diode (Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode).
  • the organic electronic device comprises at least an organic mixture of a nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative.
  • the organic electronic device comprises at least one cathode, one anode, and a functional layer between the cathode and the anode, the functional layer having at least an organic mixture of a nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative.
  • the organic electronic device is an electroluminescent device.
  • the electroluminescent device comprises a substrate, an anode, a luminescent layer, a cathode.
  • the electroluminescent device has a light-emitting layer having an organic mixture of a nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative.
  • the light-emitting layer of the electroluminescent device has an organic mixture of a nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative and a phosphorescent emitter.
  • the luminescent layer of the electroluminescent device has an organic mixture of a nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative and a host material.
  • the light-emitting layer of the electroluminescent device has an organic mixture of a nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative, a phosphorescent emitter, and a host material.
  • the electroluminescent device is an OLED comprising a substrate, an anode, a luminescent layer, a cathode.
  • the substrate may be opaque or transparent.
  • Transparent substrates are used to make a transparent luminescent component. See, Bulovic et al., Nature 1996, 380, p29, and Gu et al, Appl. Phys. Lett. 1996, 68, p2606.
  • the substrate can be either rigid or elastic.
  • the substrate can be plastic, metal, semiconductor wafer or glass.
  • the substrate has a smooth surface.
  • the substrate has no surface defects.
  • the substrate is flexible, optionally a polymeric film or plastic.
  • the substrate is poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) or polyethylene glycol (2,6-naphthalene) (PEN).
  • PET poly(ethylene terephthalate)
  • PEN polyethylene glycol (2,6-naphthalene)
  • the glass transition temperature Tg of the substrate is 150 ° C or higher.
  • the glass transition temperature Tg of the substrate exceeds 200 °C.
  • the glass transition temperature Tg of the substrate exceeds 250 °C.
  • the glass transition temperature Tg of the substrate exceeds 300 °C.
  • examples of the substrate flexible substrate are poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyethylene glycol (2,6-naphthalene) (PEN).
  • PET poly(ethylene terephthalate)
  • PEN polyethylene glycol (2,6-naphthalene)
  • the anode can include a conductive metal, a metal oxide, or a conductive polymer.
  • the anode can easily inject holes into a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), or a light-emitting layer.
  • HIL hole injection layer
  • HTL hole transport layer
  • the absolute value of the difference between the work function of the anode and the HOMO level or the valence band level of the illuminant in the luminescent layer, the p-type semiconductor material as the HIL or HTL or the electron blocking layer (EBL) is less than 0.5eV.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the work function of the anode and the HOMO level or the valence band level of the illuminant in the luminescent layer, the p-type semiconductor material as the HIL or HTL or EBL is less than 0.3 eV.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the work function of the anode and the HOMO level or the valence band level of the illuminant in the luminescent layer, the p-type semiconductor material as the HIL or HTL or EBL is less than 0.2 eV.
  • the anode material is at least one of Al, Cu, Au, Ag, Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Pd, Pt, ITO, and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO).
  • the anode material can also be readily selected by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the anode material can be deposited, such as physical vapor deposition, including RF magnetron sputtering, vacuum thermal evaporation, electron beam (e-beam), and the like.
  • the anode is patterned.
  • Patterned ITO conductive substrates are commercially available.
  • the cathode includes a conductive metal or a metal oxide.
  • the cathode can easily inject electrons into the EIL, ETL, or directly into the luminescent layer.
  • EIL electron injection layer
  • ETL electron transport layer
  • HBL hole blocking layer
  • EIL electron injection layer
  • ETL electron transport layer
  • HBL hole blocking layer
  • EIL electron injection layer
  • ETL electron transport layer
  • HBL hole blocking layer
  • the cathode material is Al, Au, Ag, Ca, Ba, Mg, LiF/Al, MgAg alloy, BaF2/Al, Cu, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Pd, Pt, ITO. At least one of them.
  • Cathode materials are deposited using techniques such as physical vapor deposition, including RF magnetron sputtering, vacuum thermal evaporation, and electron beam (e-beam).
  • the OLED further includes other functional layers such as a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an electron blocking layer (EBL), an electron injection layer (EIL), and an electron transport layer ( ETL), hole blocking layer (HBL).
  • HIL hole injection layer
  • HTL hole transport layer
  • EBL electron blocking layer
  • ETL electron transport layer
  • HBL hole blocking layer
  • a method for preparing a light-emitting layer of an organic mixture containing a nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative comprising the steps of:
  • a light-emitting layer was prepared by depositing a mixture containing the first compound H1 and the second compound H2 as a source.
  • the light-emitting layer is prepared by vacuum evaporation using a mixture containing the first compound H1 and the second compound H2 as a source.
  • the light-emitting layer is prepared by a printing method using a mixture containing the first compound H1 and the second compound H2.
  • a method for preparing a light-emitting layer of an organic mixture of a nitrogen-containing heterocarbazole derivative comprising the steps of: preparing a light-emitting layer by vapor-depositing a mixture containing a first compound H1 and a second compound H2 as two separate sources
  • the above-mentioned organic electronic device is used in various electronic devices, including display devices, lighting devices, light sources, and sensors.
  • the energy level of the organic compound material can be obtained by quantum calculation, for example, by TD-DFT (time-dependent density functional theory) by Gaussian 09W (Gaussian Inc.), and the specific simulation method can be found in WO2011141110.
  • TD-DFT time-dependent density functional theory
  • Gaussian 09W Gaussian Inc.
  • the semi-empirical method “Ground State/Semi-empirical/Default Spin/AM1" (Charge 0/Spin Singlet) is used to optimize the molecular geometry, and then the energy structure of the organic molecule is determined by TD-DFT (time-dependent density functional theory) method.
  • TD-SCF/DFT/Default Spin/B3PW91 and the base group "6-31G(d)” (Charge 0/Spin Singlet).
  • the HOMO and LUMO levels are calculated according to the following calibration formula, and S1, T1 and the resonance factor f(S1) are used directly.
  • HOMO(eV) ((HOMO(G) ⁇ 27.212)-0.9899)/1.1206
  • HOMO (G) and LUMO (G) are direct calculation results of Gaussian 09W, the unit is Hartree.
  • the results are shown in Table 1:
  • a, cleaning of the conductive glass substrate when used for the first time, can be washed with a variety of solvents, such as chloroform, ketone, isopropyl alcohol, and then UV ozone plasma treatment;
  • hole transport layer HTL 35 nm
  • light-emitting layer EML 15 nm
  • electron transport layer ETL 65 nm
  • hot evaporation in high vacuum (1 ⁇ 10-6 mbar, mbar);
  • cathode LiF / Al (1nm / 150nm) in a high vacuum (1 ⁇ 10-6 mbar) hot evaporation;
  • the device is encapsulated in a nitrogen glove box with an ultraviolet curable resin.
  • J-V current-voltage
  • the luminous efficiency and lifetime of OLED4 are more than three times that of OLED Ref1 (corresponding material (Ref1)), and the luminous efficiency of OLED7 (corresponding material (A-7)) is OLED Ref1. 4 times, and the lifetime is more than 5 times, especially the maximum external quantum efficiency of OLED 7 is over 19%. It can be seen that the OLED device prepared by using the organic mixture of the invention has greatly improved luminous efficiency and lifetime, and the external quantum efficiency is also significantly improved.

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Abstract

一种含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物及其应用,含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,包括第一化合物H1及第二化合物H2,且min((LUMO(H1)-HOMO(H2),LUMO(H2)-HOMO(H1))≤min(ET(H1),ET(H2))±0.1eV,其中LUMO(H1)、HOMO(H1)及ET(H1)分别是第一化合物H1的最低未占有轨道、最高占有轨道及三线态的能级,LUMO(H2)、HOMO(H2)及ET(H2)分别是第二化合物H2的最低未占有轨道、最高占有轨道、及三线态的能级。第一化合物H1具有如下通式(I):

Description

含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及有机电致发光材料领域,尤其涉及一种含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物及其应用。
背景技术
目前,在有机电致发光材料领域中,常用材料的体系为荧光发光材料体系和磷光发光材料体系。使用荧光材料的有机发光二极管具有可靠性高的特点,但荧光材料在电气激发下其内部电致发光量子效率被限制为25%,这是因为激子的单重激发态和三重激发态的分支比为1:3。使用磷光材料的有机发光二极管的内部电致发光量子效率接近100%,但磷光有机发光二极管的稳定性还需提高。
咔唑类衍生物由于具有较高的载流子传输能力、光电响应性质和热稳定性等优点,成为学术界和产业界关注的焦点,并已应用于有机发光二极管中。但由于咔唑具有较好的空穴传输性能,其电子传输性能相对较低。目前开发的大部分咔唑类衍生物仍然存在空穴、电子传输不平衡的缺点,致使这类型化合物的化学环境稳定性较差、应用这类型的化合物的器件寿命较短。
为提高咔唑类衍生物的稳定性及相关发光器件的寿命,人们寻求提高咔唑类衍生物的电子传输速率的方法。传统的技术是在咔唑基团的某个位置引入电子传输基团,使其具有一定的电子传输性能,但缺电子的引入同时会带来电化学能级的变化问题,以及分子量突然变大而使分子无法通过真空蒸镀的方法制备发光器件的问题。
发明内容
基于此,有必要针对有机电致发光材料中的咔唑类衍生物存在空穴、电子传输不平衡问题,提供一种含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物及其应用。
一种含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,包括第一化合物H1及第二化合物H2,且min((LUMO(H1)-HOMO(H2),LUMO(H2)-HOMO(H1))≤min(ET(H1),ET(H2))+0.1eV,其中LUMO(H1)、HOMO(H1)及ET(H1)分别是H1的最低未占有轨道、最高占有轨道及三线态的能级,LUMO(H2)、HOMO(H2)及ET(H2)分别是H2的最低未占有轨道、最高占有轨道、及三线态的能级;
第一化合物H1的具有如下通式I:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000001
其中,X是N或CR1,且相邻的X不同时为N,CR1中的R1选自H、D、碳原子数为1~20的烷基、包含6~50碳原子的芳香族环基、含5个~50个碳原子的杂芳香基中的一种;
-Y1-和-Y2-分别独立表示单键、含5个~30个碳原子的芳香基、含5个~30个碳原子的杂芳香基或含5个~30个碳原子的非芳香环基;
Ar1和Ar2分别独立选自含有5个~60个碳原子的芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~60个碳原子的芳香基、含有5个~60个碳原子杂芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~60个碳原子杂芳香基及含有5个~60个碳原子非芳香族环基及R2取代的含有5个~60个碳原子非芳香族环基中的一种,R2选自H、F、Cl、Br、I、D、CN、NO2、CF3、B(OR3)2、Si(R3)3、直链烷烃基、烷烃醚基、含1个~10个碳原子烷烃硫醚基、支链烷烃基、环烷烃基及含有3个~10个碳原子的烷烃醚基中的一种,R3选自H、D、含1个~10个碳原子的脂肪族烷烃基、含5个~10个碳原子的芳香基和含5个~10个环原子的杂芳基中的一种。
上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,包括能形成复合受激态的第一化合物H1与第二化合物H2。上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物的形成的系统中的第一激发态优先占据能量最低的复合受激态,或者上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物的形成的系统中的第一激发态便于第一化合物H1或第二化合物H2上的三重激发态的能量向复合受激态转移,从而提高复合受激态的浓度。
上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物在有机电子器件中的应用。
一种有机电致发光材料,包括上所述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物。
一种有机电子器件,包括上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物。
上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物可作为电致磷光发光共主体材料,通过与客体材料配合,能提高其作为电致发光器件的发光效率及寿命。上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物也可作为荧光共主体材料或发光材料,通过与荧光主体材料或者客体材料配合,便于提高电致发光器件的效率与寿命。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物及其应用,为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确,以下对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
一实施方式的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,包括第一化合物H1及第二化合物H2,且min((LUMO(H1)-HOMO(H2),LUMO(H2)-HOMO(H1))≤min(ET(H1),ET(H2))+0.1eV,其中LUMO(H1)、HOMO(H1)及ET(H1)分别是第一化合物H1的最低未占有轨道、最高占有轨道及三线态的能级,LUMO(H2)、HOMO(H2)及ET(H2)分别是第二化合物H2的最低未占有轨道、最高占有轨道、及三线态的能级;
第一化合物H1具有如下通式I:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000002
其中,X是N或CR1在其中一个实施例中,通式I中只有一个X为N,其他X为CR1。在其他实施例中,通式I中多个X可为N,且相邻的X不同时为N。CR1中的R1选自H、D、碳原子数为1个~20个的烷基、包含6个~50个碳原子的芳香族环基、含5个~50个碳原子的杂芳香基中的一种;
Y1-和-Y2-多次出现时,分别独立表示单键、含5个~30个碳原子的芳香基、含5个~30个碳原子的杂芳香基或含5个~30个碳原子的非芳香环基。
杂芳香环基是指在芳香环中包含至少一个杂原子的烃基。
在其中一个实施例中,杂原子选自Si、N、P、O、S和Ge中的至少一种。
在其中一个实施例中,杂原子选自Si、N、P、O和S中的至少一种。
芳香基是指至少包含一个芳环的烃基。
芳香基或杂芳香基还包括芳基或杂芳基被非芳族单元间断的情形,比如,芳基或杂芳基被原子数占比小于10%的非H原子间断,优选为被原子数占比小于5%的非H原子间断。非H原子包括C、N及O中的至少一种。
在其中一个实施例中,芳香基来自下述化合物的一种:9,9′-螺二芴、9,9-二芳基芴。
在其中一个实施例中,杂芳香基来自下述化合物一种:三芳胺、二芳基醚。
在其中一个实施例中,芳香基来自苯、苯的衍生物、萘、萘的衍生物、蒽、蒽的衍生物、菲、菲的衍生物、二萘嵌苯、二萘嵌苯的衍生物、并四苯、并四苯的衍生物、芘、芘的衍生物、苯并芘、苯并芘的衍生物、三亚苯、三亚苯的衍生物、苊、苊的衍生物、芴及芴的衍生物中的至少一种。
在其中一个实施例中,杂芳香基来自呋喃、呋喃的衍生物、苯并呋喃、苯并呋喃的衍生物、噻吩、噻吩的衍生物、苯并噻吩、苯并噻吩的衍生物、吡咯、吡咯的衍生物、吡唑、吡唑的衍生物、三唑、三唑的衍生物、咪唑、咪唑的衍生物、噁唑、噁唑的衍生物、噁二唑、噁二唑的衍生物、噻唑、噻唑的衍生物、四唑、四唑的衍生物、吲哚、吲哚的衍生物、咔唑、咔唑的衍生物、吡咯并咪唑、吡咯并咪唑的衍生物、吡咯并吡咯、吡咯并吡咯的衍生物、噻吩并吡咯、噻吩并吡咯的衍生物、噻吩并噻吩、噻吩并噻吩的衍生物、呋喃并吡咯、呋喃并吡咯的衍生物、呋喃并呋喃、呋喃并呋喃的衍生物、噻吩并呋喃、噻吩并呋喃的衍生物、苯并异噁唑、苯并异噁唑的衍生物、苯并异噻唑、苯并异噻唑的衍生物、苯并咪唑、苯并咪唑的衍生物、吡啶、吡啶的衍生物、吡嗪、吡嗪的衍生物、哒嗪、哒嗪的衍生物、嘧啶、嘧啶的衍生物、三嗪、三嗪的衍生物、喹啉、喹啉的衍生物、异喹啉、异喹啉的衍生物、邻二氮萘、邻二氮萘的衍生物、喹喔啉、、喹喔啉的衍生物、菲啶、菲啶的衍生物、伯啶、伯啶的衍生物、喹唑啉、喹唑啉的衍生物、喹唑啉酮及喹唑啉酮的衍生物中的至少一种。
在其中一个实施例中,-Y1-和-Y2-分别独立选自含5个-25个碳原子的芳香基及含有5个-25个碳原子的杂芳香基中的一种。
在其中一个实施例中,-Y1-和-Y2-分别独立选自含5个-20个碳原子的芳香基或含有5个-20个碳原子的杂芳香基。
在其中一个实施例中,-Y1-和-Y2-分别独立选自含5个-18个碳原子的芳香基或含有5个-18个碳原子的杂芳香基。
在其中一个实施例中,-Y1-和-Y2-中,至少有一个含有被R4取代的具有2个-20个碳原子的非芳香族环基。
在其中一个实施例中,非芳香族环基的环系中包含1个-10个碳原子。在其他实施例中,非芳香族环基的环系中包含1个-6个碳原子。可以理解的是非芳香族环基的环系可以包括全部饱和的环状体系,也可以包括部分不饱和的环状体系。
在其中一个实施例中,非芳香基环被R4单取代。在其他实施例中,非芳香基环被R4多取代。
在其中一个实施例中,R4为含有1个~10个碳原子的烷基。
具体地,R4为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、环丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、环丁基、2-甲基丁基、正戊基、正己基、环己基、正庚基、环庚基、正辛基、环辛基、 2-乙基己基、三氟甲基、五氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、环戊烯基、己烯基、环己烯基、庚烯基、环庚烯基、辛烯基、环辛烯基、乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基和辛炔基中的一种。
在其中一个实施例中,R4选自于1个~10个碳原子的烷氧基。
具体地,R4选自于甲氧基,乙氧基,正丙氧基,异丙氧基,正丁氧基,异丁氧基,仲丁氧基,叔丁氧基或者2-甲基丁氧基
在其中一个实施例中,R4选自于2个~10个碳原子的杂芳基。
具体地,R4选自于苯、萘、蒽、嵌二萘、二氢芘、屈、茈、萤蒽、丁省、戊省、苯并芘、呋喃、苯并呋喃、异苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、异苯并噻吩、硫芴、吡咯、吲哚、异吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉、吖啶、菲啶、苯并-5,6-喹啉、苯并-6,7-喹啉、苯并-7,8-喹啉、吩噻嗪、吩恶嗪、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑、菲并咪唑、吡啶并咪唑、吡嗪并咪唑、喹喔啉并咪唑、恶唑、苯并恶唑、萘并恶唑、蒽并恶唑、菲并恶唑、异恶唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、哒嗪、苯并哒嗪、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹喔啉、吡嗪、二氮蒽、1,5-二氮杂萘、氮咔唑、苯并咔啉、菲咯啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯并三唑、1,2,3-恶二唑、1,2,4-恶二唑、1,2,5-恶二唑、1,3,4-恶二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三嗪、1,2,4-三嗪、1,2,3-三嗪、四唑。1,2,4,5-四嗪、1,2,3,4-四嗪、1,2,3,5-四嗪、嘌呤、蝶啶、中氮茚和苯并噻二唑。
在其中一个实施例中,R4包含Si、N、P、O、S和Ge中的至少一种。
在其中一个实施例中,R4包含Si、N、P、O和S中的一种。
在其中一个实施例中,R4是类环己基、类哌啶基或类环辛二烯环基。
在其中一个实施例中,芳香基和杂芳香基选自于亚联苯基、亚三联苯、芴、螺二芴、二氢菲、四氢芘和顺式和反式茚并芴。
在其中一个实施例中,-Y1-及-Y2-分别独立的选自于具有2个~10个碳原子的芳香基、2个~10个碳原子的杂芳基或者2个~10个碳原子的非芳香环基。
具体地,-Y1-、-Y2-分别独立的选自于苯、萘、蒽、菲、吡啶、嵌二萘和噻吩中的一种。
在其中一个实施例中,-Y1-、-Y2-中的至少一个被R5取代,R5选自于2个~10个碳原子的杂芳基。
具体地,-Y1-、-Y2-包含如下结构基团中的一种:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000003
其中,X1是CR6或N;
Y3选自CR7R8、SiR9R10、NR11、S、O及羰基中的一种;
R6、R7、R8、R9、R10及R11分别独立选自H、D、具有1个~20个碳原子的直链烷基、具有1个~20个碳原子的烷氧基、具有1个~20个碳原子的硫代烷氧基、具有1个~20个碳原子的取代的酮基基团、具有3个~20个碳原子的支链或环状的烷基、具有3个~20个碳原子的支链或环状的烷氧基、具有3个~20个碳原子的支链或环状的硫代烷氧基、甲硅烷基、具有2个~20个碳原子的烷氧基羰基、具有7个~20个碳原子的芳氧基羰基、氰基、氨基甲酰基、卤甲酰基、甲酰基、异氰基、异氰酸酯基、硫氰酸酯基、异硫氰酸酯基、羟基、硝基、CF3、Cl、Br、F、可交联的基团、具有5个~40个碳原子芳香基、具有5个~40个碳原子的杂芳基、具有5个~40个碳原子的芳氧基及具有5个~40个碳原子的杂芳氧基中的至少一种。可交联的基团是指可交联基团一般包括炔基,含非饱和键的基团。
在其中一个实施例中,-Y1-及-Y2-均具有如下结构式中的一种:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000004
Ar1和Ar2分别独立选自含有5个~60个碳原子的芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~60个碳原子的芳香基、含有5个~60个碳原子杂芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~60个碳原子杂芳香基及含有5个~60个碳原子非芳香族环基及R2取代的含有5个~60个碳原子非芳香族环基中的一种。R2选自H、F、Cl、Br、I、D、CN、NO2、CF3、B(OR3)2、Si(R3)3、直链烷烃基、烷烃醚基、含1个~10个碳原子烷烃硫醚基、支链烷烃基、环烷烃基及含有3个~10个碳原子的烷烃醚基中的一种,R3选自H、D、含1个~10个碳原子的脂肪族烷烃基、含5个~10个碳原子的芳香基和含5个~10个碳原子的杂芳基中的一种。
在其中一个实施例中,Ar1和Ar2分别独立选自含有5个~50个碳原子的芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~50个碳原子的芳香基、含有5个~50个碳原子杂芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~50个 碳原子杂芳香基、含有5个~50个碳原子非芳香族环基及R2取代的含有5个~50个碳原子非芳香族环基中的一种。
在其中一个实施例中,Ar1和Ar2分别独立选自含有5个~40个碳原子的芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~40个碳原子的芳香基、含有5个~40个碳原子杂芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~40个碳原子杂芳香基、含有5个~40个碳原子非芳香族环基及R2取代的含有5个~40个碳原子非芳香族环基中的一种。
在其中一个实施例中,Ar1和Ar2分别独立选自含有5个~30个碳原子的芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~30个碳原子的芳香基、含有5个~30个碳原子杂芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~30个碳原子杂芳香基、含有5个~30个碳原子非芳香族环基及R2取代的含有5个~30个碳原子非芳香族环基中的一种。
在其中一个实施例中,Ar1和Ar2分别独立选自含有5个~20个碳原子的芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~20个碳原子的芳香基、含有5个~20个碳原子杂芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~20个碳原子杂芳香基、含有5个~20个碳原子非芳香族环基及R2取代的含有5个~20个碳原子非芳香族环基中的一种。
在其中一个实施例中,Ar1和Ar2均具有下述结构基团中的至少一种:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000008
n为1~4的整数。
在其中一个实施例中,第一化合物H1具有如下结构:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000011
第一化合物H1通过上述结构上的双咔唑结构与可溶的取代基,以及调整双咔唑核心结构与-Y1-、-Y2-的取代基之间的连接位置,保证了第一化合物H1的溶解度。
其中一个实施例中,第一化合物H1具有如下结构中的至少一种:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000017
HOMO和LUMO的能级可以通过光电效应进行测量,例如XPS(X射线光电子光谱法)、UPS(紫外光电子能谱)、CV(循环伏安法)。最近,量子化学方法,例如DFT(密度泛函理论),也成为行之有效的计算分子轨道能级的方法。
有机材料的三线态能级ET可通过低温时间分辨发光光谱来测量,或通过量子模拟计算(如Time-dependent DFT),或通过商业软件Gaussian 03W(Gaussian Inc.),具体的模拟方法可参见WO2011141110或如下在实施例。
应该注意,HOMO、LUMO、ET的绝对值取决于所用的测量方法或计算方法,采用相同的测量方法,不同评价的方法,可能得出不同的HOMO/LUMO值。例如在CV曲线上起始点和峰点可给出不同的HOMO/LUMO值。因此,合理有意义的比较应该用相同的测量方法和相同的评价方法进行。如下实施例中,HOMO、LUMO、ET的值是基于Time-dependent DFT的模拟计算得到,当然,上述的有机混合物的HOMO、LUMO、ET的绝对值计算也可采用其他测量或计算方法。
在其中一个实施例中,第一化合物H1与第二化合物H2形成复合受激态的能量取决于min((LUMOH1-HOMOH2),(LUMOH2-HOMOH1)),min((LUMOH1–HOMOH2),(LUMOH2-HOMOH1))小于或等于第一化合物H1的三重激发态能级及第二化合物H2的三重激发态能级。
在其中一个实施例中,min((LUMO(H1)–HOMO(H2),LUMO(H2)-HOMO(H1))≤min(ET(H1),ET(H2))+0.05eV;
在其中一个实施例中,min((LUMO(H1)–HOMO(H2),LUMO(H2)–HOMO(H1))≤min(ET(H1),ET(H2));
在其中一个实施例中,min((LUMO(H1)–HOMO(H2),LUMO(H2)–HOMO(H1))≤min(ET(H1),ET(H2))-0.05eV;
在其中一个实施例中,min((LUMO(H1)–HOMO(H2),LUMO(H2)–HOMO(H1))≤min(ET(H1),ET(H2))-0.15eV;
在其中一个实施例中,min((LUMO(H1)–HOMO(H2),LUMO(H2)–HOMO(H1))≤min(ET(H1),ET(H2))-0.2eV;
在其中一个实施例中,第二化合物H2是至少包含一个吸电子基的有机化合物。第一化合物H1与含有吸电子基的第二化合物H2易于形成II型的半导体异质节。
异质结是指两种不同的半导体相接触形成的界面区域,按照异质结中两材料导带(LUMO)和价带(HOMO)的对准情况,可将异质结分为I型异质结和II型异质结,II型异质结的基本特征是在交界面附近电子和空穴空间的分隔和在自洽量子阱中的局域化。由于界面附件波函数重叠,导致光学矩阵元的减少,从而使辐射寿命加长,激子束缚能减少,提高发光器件的稳定性。
在其中一个实施例中,第二化合物H2的吸电子基为F、氰基及以下基团中的一种:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000018
n1是1~3的整数,X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X7、X8及X9分别独立为CR12或N,且X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X7、X8及X9中至少有一个为N,其中R12选自氢、烷基、烷氧基、氨基、烯、炔、芳烷基、杂烷基、芳基和杂芳基中的一种。-Z1-、-Z2-、-Z3-分别独立为单键、-C(R12)2-、-O-或-S-。
在其中一个实施例中,第二化合物H2具有通式II所示的结构:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000019
其中,Z为N或CR13,且至少一个Z为N。
CR13中的R13为H、D、含1个~10个碳原子的烷基、含6个~12个碳原子的芳香环基或含6个~12个碳原子的杂芳香环基。
Ar3、Ar4及Ar5分别独立选自含有5个~60个碳原子的芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~60个碳原子的芳香基、含有5个~60个碳原子杂芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~60个碳原子杂芳香基、含有5个~60个碳原子非芳香族环基及R2取代的含有5个~60个碳原子非芳香族环基中的一种,R2选自H、F、Cl、Br、I、D、CN、NO2、CF3、B(OR3)2、Si(R3)3、直链烷烃基、烷烃醚基、含1个~10个碳原子烷烃硫醚基、支链烷烃基、环烷烃基及含有3个~10个碳原子的烷烃醚基中的一种,R3选自H、D、含1个~10个碳原子的脂肪族烷烃基、含5个~10个碳原子的芳香基和含5个~10个碳原子的杂芳基中的一种;
w、m、p分别为1~3的整数。
在其中一个实施例中,Ar3、Ar4及Ar5分别独立选自含有5个~50个碳原子的芳香基、R2 取代的含有5个~50个碳原子的芳香基、含有5个~50个碳原子杂芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~50个碳原子杂芳香基、含有5个~50个碳原子非芳香族环基及R2取代的含有5个~50个碳原子非芳香族环基中的一种。
在其中一个实施例中,Ar3、Ar4及Ar5分别独立选自含有5个~40个碳原子的芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~40个碳原子的芳香基、含有5个~40个碳原子杂芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~40个碳原子杂芳香基、含有5个~40个碳原子非芳香族环基及R2取代的含有5个~40个碳原子非芳香族环基中的一种。
在其中一个实施例中,Ar3、Ar4及Ar5分别独立选自含有5个~30个碳原子的芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~30个碳原子的芳香基、含有5个~30个碳原子杂芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~30个碳原子杂芳香基、含有5个~30个碳原子非芳香族环基及R2取代的含有5个~30个碳原子非芳香族环基中的一种。
在其中一个实施例中,Ar3、Ar4及Ar5分别独立选自含有5个~20个碳原子的芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~20个碳原子的芳香基、含有5个~20个碳原子杂芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~20个碳原子杂芳香基、含有5个~20个碳原子非芳香族环基及R2取代的含有5个~20个碳原子非芳香族环基中的一种。
在其中一个实施例中,Ar3、Ar4及Ar5分别具有下述结构基团中的至少一种:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000020
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000023
n为1~4的整数。
在其中一个实施例中,第二化合物H2具有以下的结构中的一种:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000024
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000025
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000026
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000027
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000028
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000029
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000030
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000031
在电致发光器件中,当使用偏向电子特征或偏向空穴特征的单一材料形成发光层时,可相对较多地在发光层与电子传输层以及空穴传输层的界面形成激子。因此,发光层的激子可能会与电子传输层或空穴传输层的界面电荷发生作用,从而引起器件效率在高亮度下急剧滚降,寿命缩短。为解决此问题,将第一化合物H1与第二化合物H2混合形成共主体引入发光层以平衡发光层空穴与电子迁移率,使发光区域在发光层正中间发光,提高器件效率的同时改良器件寿命。
在其中一个实施例中,第一化合物H1与第二化合物H2的质量比为1:10~10:1。
在其中一个实施例中,第一化合物H1与第二化合物H2的质量比为2:8~8:2。
在其中一个实施例中,第一化合物H1与第二化合物H2的质量比为3:7~7:3。
在其中一个实施例中,第一化合物H1与第二化合物H2的质量比为4:6~6:4。
在其中一个实施例中,第一化合物H1与第二化合物H2的质量比为4.5:5.5~5.5:4.5。
在其中一个实施例中,第一化合物H1与第二化合物H2的质量比为1:1。
在其中一个实施例中,上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物的是一种小分子材料混合物。本文中所定义的术语“小分子”不是指低聚物、树枝状聚合物、或共混物的分子。
本文中所定义的术语“小分子”中没有重复结构。
高聚物,即Polymer,包括均聚物(homopolymer),共聚物(copolymer),镶嵌共聚物(block copolymer)。高聚物也包括树状物(dendrimer),有关树状物的合成及应用请参见Dendrimers and Dendrons,Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co.KGaA,2002,Ed.George R.Newkome,Charles N.Moorefield,Fritz Vogtle。
共轭高聚物(conjugated polymer)是主链(backbone)主要是由C原子的sp2杂化轨道构成的高聚物,如聚乙炔(polyacetylene)和聚苯乙炔poly(phenylene vinylene),其主链上的C原子的也可以被其他非C原子取代,而且当主链上的sp2杂化被一些自然的缺陷打断时,仍然被认为是共轭高聚物。另外在本发明中共轭高聚物也包括主链上包含有芳基胺(aryl amine)、芳基磷化氢(aryl phosphine)及其他杂环芳烃(heteroarmotics)、有机金属络合物(organometallic complexes)等。
在其中一个实施例中,小分子的相对分子质量≤4000克/摩尔。
在其中一个实施例中,小分子的相对分子质量≤3000克/摩尔。
在其中一个实施例中,小分子的相对分子质量≤2000克/摩尔。
在其中一个实施例中,小分子的相对分子质量≤1500克/摩尔。
在其中一个实施例中,第一化合物H1和第二化合物H2的相对分子质量的差不超过100克/摩尔。
在其中一个实施例中,第一化合物H1和第二化合物H2的相对分子质量的差不超过80克/摩尔。
在其中一个实施例中,第一化合物H1和第二化合物H2的相对分子质量的差不超过60克/摩尔。
在其中一个实施例中,第一化合物H1和第二化合物H2的相对分子质量的差不超过40克/摩尔。
在其中一个实施例中,第一化合物H1和第二化合物H2的升华温度的差不超过30K。
在其中一个实施例中,第一化合物H1和第二化合物H2的升华温度的差不超过25K。
在其中一个实施例中,第一化合物H1和第二化合物H2的升华温度的差不超过20K。
在其中一个实施例中,第一化合物H1和第二化合物H2的升华温度的差不超过15K。
上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物在有机电子器件中的应用。
一种有机电致发光材料,包括上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物。
在其中一个实施例中,上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物还至少包含一种有机功能 材料,该有机功能材料选自于空穴(也称电洞)注入或传输材料(HIM/HTM)、空穴阻挡材料(HBM)、电子注入或传输材料(EIM/ETM)、电子阻挡材料(EBM)、有机主体材料(Host)、单重态发光体(荧光发光体)、重态发光体(磷光发光体),有机热激发延迟荧光材料(TADF材料,如发光有机金属络合物)。在WO2010135519A1、US20090134784A1和WO 2011110277A1中对各种有机功能材料有详细的描述。有机功能材料可以是小分子或高聚物材料。
下面对主体材料,磷光发光材料、单重态主体材料、荧光发光材料及TADF材料作一些较详细的描述。
主体材料也称三重态主体材料,三重态主体材料的三重态能量比发光体更高的金属络合物或有机化合物能够被用作为主体。在一些实施例中,可用作三重态主体的金属络合物具有如下结构:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000032
M是金属原子;Y3、Y4是两齿配体,Y3和Y4分别独立地选自于C、N、O、P、和S中的一种。L是辅助配体;a、b均为是整数,a的值从1到此金属的最大配位数;a+b是此金属的最大配位数。
在其中一个实施例中,可用作三重态主体的金属络合物有如下形式:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000033
(O-N)是两齿配体,其中金属Al和Zn分别与O和N配位。
在其中一个实施例中,M可选于Ir和Pt。
三重态主体的有机化合物选自于包含有环芳香烃基的化合物。
在其中一个实施例中,三重态主体的有机化合物选自于苯、联苯、三苯基、苯并、芴的一种。
三重态主体的有机化合物选自于包含有芳香杂环基的化合物。
在其中一个实施例中,三重态主体的有机化合物选自于二苯并噻吩、二苯并呋喃、二苯并硒吩、呋喃、噻吩、苯并呋喃、苯并噻吩、苯并硒吩、咔唑、吲哚咔唑、吡啶吲哚、吡咯二吡啶、吡唑、咪唑、三唑类、恶唑、噻唑、恶二唑、恶三唑、二恶唑、噻二唑、吡啶、哒嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪、三嗪类、恶嗪、恶噻嗪、恶二嗪、吲哚、苯并咪唑、吲唑、恶唑、二苯并恶唑、苯异恶唑、苯并噻唑、喹啉、异喹啉、邻二氮杂萘、喹唑啉、喹喔啉、萘、酞、蝶啶、氧杂蒽、吖啶、吩嗪、吩噻嗪、吩恶嗪、苯并呋喃吡啶、呋喃并吡啶、苯并噻吩吡啶、噻吩 吡啶、苯并硒吩吡啶和硒吩苯并二吡啶中的一种。
三重态主体的有机化合物选自于包含有2个~10个碳原子的基团。
在其中一个实施例中,三重态主体的有机化合物可以是环芳香烃基团或芳香杂环基团,并且彼此可以是直接,也可以是通过至少一个以下的基团:如氧原子、氮原子、硫原子、硅原子、磷原子、硼原子、链结构单元和脂肪环基团,连结在一起。其中,环芳香烃基团或芳香杂环基团均可以进一步被取代,取代基可选于氢、烷基、烷氧基、氨基、烯、炔、芳烷基、杂烷基、芳基和杂芳基。
在其中一个实施例中,三重态主体材料含有下述结构的基团或下述结构的化合物形成的基团:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000034
其中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7分别独立地选于氢、烷基、烷氧基、氨基、烯基、炔基、芳烷基、杂烷基、芳基和杂芳基。f是一个从1到20的整数。X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X7、X8选于CH或N,X9为CR1R2或NR1
在其中一个实施例中,三重态主体材料为如下结构式中的一种:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000035
磷光发光材料也称三重态发光体。在其中一个实施例中,三重态发光体是具有通式Q(P)a1的金属络合物,其中Q是金属原子,P是有机配体,有机配体P通过位置键接或配位连接到金属原子Q上,a1是大于1的整数。
在其中一个实施例中,金属Q选自于过渡金属元素、镧系元素或锕系元素。
在其中一个实施例中,金属Q为Ir、Pt、Pd、Au、Rh、Ru、Os、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Re、Cu或Ag。
在其中一个实施例中,金属Q为Os、Ir、Ru、Rh、Re、Pd或Pt。
在其中一个实施例中,三重态发光体包含有螯合配体,即配体,通过至少两个结合点与金属配位,螯合配体有利于提高金属络合物的稳定性。
在其中一个实施例中,Q(P)a1的金属络合物通过位置联接到一个聚合物上。
在其中一个实施例中,Q(P)a1的金属络合物通过有机配体联接到一个聚合物上。
在其中一个实施例中,三重态发光体包含有两个配体的双齿配体,其中,该两个配体可以是相同的配体,也可以是不同的配体。
在其中一个实施例中,三重态发光体包含有三个配体的多齿配体,其中,该三个配体可以是相同的配体,也可以是不相同的配体。
在其中一个实施例中,有机配体P为苯基吡啶衍生物、7,8-苯并喹啉衍生物、2-(2-噻吩基)吡啶衍生物、2-(1-萘基)吡啶衍生物、2-苯基喹啉衍生物、取代的苯基吡啶衍生物、取代的7,8-苯并喹啉衍生物、取代的2-(2-噻吩基)吡啶衍生物、取代的2-(1-萘基)吡啶衍生物或取代的2-苯基喹啉衍生物。
在其中一个实施例中,有机配体P选自被含氟或三氟甲基取代的苯基吡啶衍生物、被含氟或三氟甲基取代的7,8-苯并喹啉衍生物、被含氟或三氟甲基取代的2-(2-噻吩基)吡啶衍生 物、被含氟或三氟甲基取代的2-(1-萘基)吡啶衍生物、被含氟和三氟甲基取代的2-苯基喹啉衍生物一种。
在其中一个实施例中,有机配体P为乙酸丙酮或苦味酸。
在其中一个实施例中,a1为1、2、3、4、5或6。
在其中一个实施例中,三重态发光体的金属络合物有如下形式:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000036
其中Q2是金属原子,选自于过渡金属元素、镧系元素和锕系元素中的一种。
Ar1是环状基团,其中至少包含有一个施主原子,即有一孤对电子的原子,如氮或磷,Ar1通过它环状基团与金属配位连接。Ar2是一个环状基团,其中至少包含有一个C原子,Ar1通它环状基团与金属连接。
Ar1和Ar2由共价键联接在一起,可选地,Ar1和Ar2各自携带取代基团,Ar1和Ar2也可通过取代基团联接在一起。
P2是辅助配体。
在其中一个实施例中,辅助配体P2为双齿螯合配体。
在其中一个实施例中,辅助配体P2是单阴离子双齿螯合配体。
在其中一个实施例中,a2是1、2或3。
在其中一个实施例中,a2是2或3。
在其中一个实施例中,a2是3。
在其中一个实施例中,b2是0、1或2。
在其中一个实施例中,b2是0或1。
在其中一个实施例中,b2是0。
在其中一个实施例中,三重态发光体的材料及其应用与下述专利文件和文献中相同:WO 200070655、WO 200141512、WO 200202714、WO 200215645、EP 1191613、EP 1191612、EP 1191614、WO 2005033244、WO 2005019373、US 2005/0258742、WO 2009146770、WO 2010015307、WO 2010031485、WO 2010054731、WO 2010054728、WO 2010086089、WO 2010099852、WO 2010102709、US 20070087219 A1、US 20090061681 A1、US 20010053462 A1、Baldo,Thompson et al.Nature 403,(2000),750-753、US 20090061681 A1、US 20090061681 A1、Adachi et al.Appl.Phys.Lett.78(2001),1622-1624,J.Kido et al.Appl.Phys.Lett.65(1994),2124,Kido et al.Chem.Lett.657,1990、US 2007/0252517 A1、Johnson et al.,JACS 105,1983,1795,Wrighton,JACS 96,1974,998, Ma et al.,Synth.Metals 94,1998,245,US 6824895、US 7029766、US 6835469、US 6830828、US 20010053462 A1、WO 2007095118 A1、US 2012004407A1、WO 2012007088A1、WO2012007087A1、WO 2012007086A1、US 2008027220A1、WO 2011157339A1、CN 102282150A或WO 2009118087A1。
在其中一个实施例中,三重态发光体为如下结构中的一种:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000037
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000038
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000039
单重态能量比发光体更高的有机化合物能被用作为单重态主体材料。
在其中一个实施例中,单重态主体材料使用的有机化合物选自含有环芳香烃化合物、芳香杂环化合物、或包含有2个-10个碳原子的团的化合物。单重态主体材料使用的有机化合物含有多个环芳香烃基团、多个芳香杂环基团或多个包含有2个-10个碳原子结构的基团时,这些基团彼此直接或通过至少一个下述结构基团连结在一起:氧原子、氮原子、硫原子、硅原子、磷原子、硼原子、链结构单元和脂肪环基团。
在其中一个实施例中,单重态主体材料使用的有机化合物选自苯、联苯、三苯基、苯并、萘、蒽、萉、菲、芴、芘、屈、苝、薁、如二苯并噻吩、二苯并呋喃、二苯并硒吩、呋喃、噻吩、苯并呋喃、苯并噻吩、苯并硒吩、咔唑、吲哚咔唑、吡啶吲哚、吡咯二吡啶、吡唑、咪唑、三氮唑、异恶唑、噻唑、恶二唑、恶三唑、二恶唑、噻二唑、吡啶、哒嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪、三嗪、恶嗪、恶噻嗪、恶二嗪、吲哚、苯并咪唑、吲唑、吲哚嗪、苯并恶唑、苯异恶唑、苯并噻唑、喹啉、异喹啉、噌啉、喹唑啉、喹喔啉、萘、酞、蝶啶、氧杂蒽、吖啶、吩嗪、吩噻嗪、吩恶嗪、苯并呋喃吡啶、呋喃二吡啶、苯并噻吩吡啶、噻吩二吡啶、苯并硒吩吡啶和硒吩二吡啶。
在其中一个实施例中,单重态主体材料具有如下结构基团中的至少一种:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000040
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000041
其中,X10选于CR1R2或NR1
在其中一个实施例中,蒽基单重态主体材料为如下结构:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000042
荧光发光体也称单重态发光体,单重态发光体具有较长的共轭π电子系统。例如在JP2913116B和WO2001021729A1中公开的苯乙烯胺及其衍生物,和在WO2008/006449和WO2007/140847中公开的茚并芴及其衍生物。
在其中一个实施例中,单重态发光体选自于一元苯乙烯胺、二元苯乙烯胺、三元苯乙烯胺、四元苯乙烯胺、苯乙烯膦、苯乙烯醚和芳胺。
一元苯乙烯胺是包含苯乙烯基和至少一个胺的化合物。
二元苯乙烯胺是包含二个苯乙烯基和至少一个胺的化合物。
三元苯乙烯胺是包含三个苯乙烯基和至少一个胺的化合物。
四元苯乙烯胺是包含四个苯乙烯基和至少一个胺的化合物。
在其中一个实施例中,一元苯乙烯胺是包含苯乙烯基和至少一个芳香胺胺的化合物。
在其中一个实施例中,二元苯乙烯胺是包含二个苯乙烯基和至少一个芳香胺的化合物
在其中一个实施例中,三元苯乙烯胺是包含三个苯乙烯基和至少一个芳香胺的化合物
在其中一个实施例中,四元苯乙烯胺是包含四个苯乙烯基和至少一个芳香胺的化合物
在其中一个实施例中,苯乙烯基为被取代的苯乙烯基。
在其中一个实施例中,苯乙烯是二苯乙烯,当然,在其他实施例方式中也可以是被取代的二苯乙烯。
可以理解的是,苯乙烯膦、苯乙烯醚的定义与苯乙烯胺相似。
芳香胺是包含三个直接联接氮的芳香环或杂环的化合物,这些芳香基或杂环中至少有一个选于稠环系统。
在其中一个实施例中,芳香胺至少14个碳原子。
在其中一个实施例中,芳香胺选自于芳香蒽胺、芳香蒽二胺、芳香芘胺、芳香芘二胺、芳香屈胺和芳香屈二胺。
芳香蒽胺是二元芳基胺基团直接联到蒽上的化合物。
在其中一个实施例中,二元芳基胺基团直接联到蒽的9-位置上。
芳香蒽二胺是二个二元芳基胺基团直接联到蒽上的化合物。
在其中一个实施例中,二元芳基胺基团直接联到蒽的碳9和碳10的位置上。
芳香芘胺、芳香芘二胺、芳香屈胺和芳香屈二胺的定义与芳香蒽胺的定义类似。在其中一个实施例中,其中二元芳基胺基团联到芘的碳1,或者碳1和碳6位置上。
基于乙烯胺及芳胺的单重态发光体与下述专利文件中的单重态发光体相同:WO 2006/000388、WO 2006/058737、WO 2006/000389、WO 2007/065549、WO 2007/115610、US 7250532 B2、DE 102005058557 A1、CN 1583691 A、JP 08053397 A、US 6251531 B1、US 2006/210830 A、EP 1957606 A1和US 2008/0113101 A1。
基于均二苯乙烯及其衍生物的单重态发光体的专利有US 5121029。
在其中一个实施例中,单重态发光体为茚并芴-胺、茚并芴-二胺,苯并茚并芴-胺、苯并茚并芴-二胺、二苯并茚并芴-胺或二苯并茚并芴-二胺。
在其中一个实施例中,单重态发光体的材料为多环芳烃化合物。
在其中一个实施例中,单重态发光体的材料选自于蒽、萘、四苯、氧杂蒽、菲、芘、茚并芘、苯撑、二茚并芘、十环烯、六苯并苯、芴、螺二芴、芳基芘、亚芳香基乙烯、环戊二烯、红荧烯、香豆素、若丹明、喹吖啶酮、吡喃、噻喃、双(吖嗪基)亚胺硼、双(吖嗪基)亚甲基、carbostyryl、噁嗪酮、苯并恶唑、苯并噻唑、苯并咪唑及吡咯并吡咯二酮的衍生物中的一种。
在其中一个实施例中,单重态发光体的材料选自9,10-二(2-萘并蒽),2,5,8,11-四-t-丁基苝及4,4’-双(9-乙基-3-咔唑乙烯基)-1,1’-联苯中的一种。
其中一个实施例中,单重态发光体的材料与下述专利文件的单重态发光体相同:US 20070252517 A1、US 4769292、US 6020078、US 2007/0252517 A1或US 2007/0252517 A1。
其中一个实施例中,单重态发光体为如下结构:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000043
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000044
传统有机荧光材料只能利用电激发形成的25%单线态激子发光,器件的内量子效率较低,最高效率为25%。尽管磷光材料由于重原子中心强的自旋-轨道耦合增强了系间穿越,可以有效利用电激发形成的单线态激子和三线态激子发光,使器件的内量子效率达到100%。但磷光材料昂贵,材料稳定性差,器件效率滚降严重等问题限制了其在有机发光二极管(OLED)中的应用。热激活延迟荧光发光材料是继有机荧光材料和有机磷光材料之后发展的第三代有机发光材料。该类材料一般具有小的单线态-三线态能级差(ΔEst),三线态激子可以通过反系间穿越转变成单线态激子发光。这可以充分利用电激发下形成的单线态激子和三线态激子。器件内量子效率可达到100%。同时材料结构可控,性质稳定,价格便宜无需要贵金属,在OLED领域的应用前景广阔。
TADF材料需要具有较小的单线态-三线态能级差。
在其中一个实施例中,ΔEst<0.3eV。
在其中一个实施例中,ΔEst<0.2eV。
在其中一个实施例中,ΔEst<0.1eV。
在其中一个实施例中,TADF材料与下述专利文件相同:CN103483332(A)、TW201309696(A)、TW201309778(A)、TW201343874(A)、TW201350558(A)、US20120217869(A1)、WO2013133359(A1)、WO2013154064(A1)、Adachi,et.al.Adv.Mater.,21,2009,4802、Adachi,et.al.Appl.Phys.Lett.,98,2011,083302、Adachi,et.al.Appl.Phys.Lett.,101,2012,093306、Adachi,et.al.Chem.Commun.,48,2012,11392、Adachi,et.al.Nature Photonics,6,2012,253、Adachi,et.al.Nature,492,2012,234、Adachi,et.al.J.Am.Chem.Soc,134,2012,14706、Adachi,et.al.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed,51,2012,11311、Adachi,et.al.Chem.Commun.,48,2012,9580、Adachi,et.al.Chem.Commun.,48,2013,10385、Adachi,et.al.Adv.Mater.,25,2013,3319、Adachi,et.al.Adv.Mater.,25,2013,3707、Adachi,et.al.Chem.Mater.,25,2013,3038、Adachi,et.al.Chem.Mater.,25,2013,3766、Adachi,et.al.J.Mater.Chem.C.,1,2013,4599或Adachi,et.al.J.Phys.Chem.A.,117,2013,5607。
在其中一个实施例中,TADF材料为下述结构中的一种:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000045
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000046
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000047
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000048
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000049
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000050
在其中一个实施例中,上述的有机电致发光材料包含上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物和磷光发光体。上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物作为主体材料,其中上述的有机电致发光材料中磷光发光体重量百分比≤30wt%。
在其中一个实施例中,磷光发光体重量百分比≤25wt%。
在其中一个实施例中,磷光发光体重量百分比≤20wt%。
在另一个实施例中,上述的有机电致发光材料包含上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物和荧光发光体。上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物作为荧光主体材料,其中荧光发光体重量百分比≤15wt%。
在其中一个实施例中,荧光发光体重量百分比≤10wt%。
在其中一个实施例中,荧光发光体重量百分比≤8wt%。
在另一个实施例中,上述的有机电致发光材料包含上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物、磷光发光体和主体材料。上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物作为辅助发光材料,上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物与磷光发光体的重量比为从1:2~2:1。
在另一个实施例中,上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物的复合受激态的能级高于磷光发光体。
在另一个优先的实施例中,上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物和TADF材料。含氮杂 咔唑衍生物的有机混合物作为TADF主体材料,其中TADF材料的重量百分比≤15wt%。
在其中一个实施例中,TADF材料的重量百分比≤10wt%。
在其中一个实施例中,TADF材料的重量百分比≤8wt%。
上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物在印刷OLED中的应用。
其中一个实施例中,上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,在25℃时,在甲苯中的溶解度为10mg/ml。
其中一个实施例中,上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,在25℃时,在甲苯中的溶解度为15mg/ml。
其中一个实施例中,上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,在25℃时,在甲苯中的溶解度为20mg/ml。
一种油墨,含有上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物及至少一种有机溶剂。
其中一个实施例中,上述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物在100℃~250℃或在25℃下的表面张力为19dyne/cm~50dyne/cm。
其中一个实施例中,上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物在100℃~250℃或在25℃下的表面张力为22dyne/cm~35dyne/cm。
其中一个实施例中,上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物在100℃~250℃或在25℃下的表面张力为25dyne/cm~33dyne/cm。
其中一个实施例中,上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物在100℃~250℃或在25℃下的粘度为1cps~100cps。
粘度可以通过不同的方法调节,如通过溶剂和油墨中功能材料的浓度。
其中一个实施例中,上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物在100℃~250℃或在25℃下的粘度为1cps~50cps。
其中一个实施例中,上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物在100℃~250℃或在25℃下的粘度为1.5cps~20cps。
其中一个实施例中,上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物在100℃~250℃或在25℃下的粘度为4.0cps~20cps。
印刷工艺中,油墨的粘度及表面张力是重要的参数,油墨的表面张力参数与特定的基板和特定的印刷方法对应。上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物的油墨,可方便人们将印刷油墨按照所用的印刷方法在适当的范围调节。
一般地,上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物包含的功能材料的重量比为0.3wt%~30wt%。
其中一个实施例中,上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物包含的功能材料的重量比为0.5 wt%~20wt%。
其中一个实施例中,上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物包含的功能材料的重量比为0.5wt%~15wt%。
其中一个实施例中,上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物包含的功能材料的重量比为0.5wt%~10wt%。
其中一个实施例中,上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物包含的功能材料的重量比为1wt%~5wt%。
其中一个实施例中,有机溶剂选自基于芳族和杂芳族的溶剂中的至少一种。
其中一个实施例中,有机溶剂选自脂肪族链、环取代的芳族溶剂、芳族酮溶剂及芳族醚溶剂中的至少一种。
其中一个实施例中,基于芳族或杂芳族的溶剂选自于对二异丙基苯、戊苯、四氢萘、环己基苯、氯萘、1,4-二甲基萘、3-异丙基联苯、对甲基异丙苯、二戊苯、三戊苯、戊基甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、邻二乙苯、间二乙苯、对二乙苯、1,2,3,4-四甲苯、1,2,3,5-四甲苯、1,2,4,5-四甲苯、丁苯、十二烷基苯、二己基苯、二丁基苯、对二异丙基苯、1-甲氧基萘、环己基苯、二甲基萘、3-异丙基联苯、对甲基异丙苯、1-甲基萘、1,2,4-三氯苯、1,3-二丙氧基苯、4,4-二氟二苯甲烷、1,2-二甲氧基-4-(1-丙烯基)苯、二苯甲烷、2-苯基吡啶、3-苯基吡啶、N-甲基二苯胺、4-异丙基联苯、--二氯二苯甲烷、4-(3-苯基丙基)吡啶、苯甲酸苄酯、1,1-双(3,4-二甲基苯基)乙烷、2-异丙基萘、二苄醚等;基于酮的溶剂:1-四氢萘酮,2-四氢萘酮,2-(苯基环氧)四氢萘酮,6-(甲氧基)四氢萘酮,苯乙酮、苯丙酮、二苯甲酮、及它们的衍生物,如4-甲基苯乙酮、3-甲基苯乙酮、2-甲基苯乙酮、4-甲基苯丙酮、3-甲基苯丙酮、2-甲基苯丙酮,异佛尔酮、2,6,8-三甲基-4-壬酮、葑酮、2-壬酮、3-壬酮、5-壬酮、2-癸酮、2,5-己二酮、佛尔酮、二正戊基酮;芳族醚溶剂:3-苯氧基甲苯、丁氧基苯、苄基丁基苯、对茴香醛二甲基乙缩醛、四氢-2-苯氧基-2H-吡喃、1,2-二甲氧基-4-(1-丙烯基)苯、1,4-苯并二噁烷、1,3-二丙基苯、2,5-二甲氧基甲苯、4-乙基本乙醚、1,2,4-三甲氧基苯、4-(1-丙烯基)-1,2-二甲氧基苯、1,3-二甲氧基苯、缩水甘油基苯基醚、二苄基醚、4-叔丁基茴香醚、反式-对丙烯基茴香醚、1,2-二甲氧基苯、1-甲氧基萘、二苯醚、2-苯氧基甲醚、2-苯氧基四氢呋喃、乙基-2-萘基醚、戊醚c己醚、二辛醚、乙二醇二丁醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇丁基甲醚、二乙二醇二丁醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇乙基甲醚、三乙二醇丁基甲醚、三丙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚;酯溶剂:辛酸烷酯、癸二酸烷酯、硬脂酸烷酯、苯甲酸烷酯、苯乙酸烷酯、肉桂酸烷酯、草酸烷酯、马来酸烷酯、烷内酯和油酸烷酯中的至少一种。
其中一个实施例中,脂肪族酮的有机溶剂选自于2-壬酮、3-壬酮、5-壬酮、2-癸酮、2,5- 己二酮、2,6,8-三甲基-4-壬酮、佛尔酮、二正戊基酮等;或脂肪族醚,例如,戊醚、己醚、二辛醚、乙二醇二丁醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇丁基甲醚、二乙二醇二丁醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇乙基甲醚、三乙二醇丁基甲醚、三丙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚中的至少一种。
另一个实施例中,油墨的还包括至少一种下述有机溶剂:甲醇、乙醇、2-甲氧基乙醇、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、氯苯、邻二氯苯、四氢呋喃、苯甲醚、吗啉、甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、1,4二氧杂环己烷、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、1,2二氯乙烷、3-苯氧基甲苯、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、四氢萘、萘烷及茚中。
在其中一个实施例中,上述油墨是溶液。
在其中一个实施例中,上述油墨是悬浮液。
上述油墨中包括0.01wt%~20wt%的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,较好的是0.1wt%~15wt%,更好的是0.2wt%~10wt%,进一步为0.25wt%~5wt%的有机混合物。
一种含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物能够作为涂料或印刷油墨制备有机电子器件的应用。
在其中一个实施例中,含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物作为涂料或印刷油墨,通过打印或涂布的制备有机电子器件方法。
在其中一个实施例中,打印或涂布技术包括喷墨打印,喷印(Nozzle Printing)、活版印刷、丝网印刷、浸涂、旋转涂布、刮刀涂布、辊筒印花、扭转辊印刷、平版印刷、柔版印刷、轮转印刷、喷涂、刷涂或移印及狭缝型挤压式涂布中的至少一种。
在其中一个实施例中,打印或涂布技术为凹版印刷、喷印或喷墨印刷。
在其中一个实施例中,含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物的溶液或含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物的悬浮液还包括至少一种其他组分。
在其中一个实施例中,含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物的溶液或含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物的悬浮液还包括表面活性剂,用于调节粘度,成膜性能,提高附着性。
在其中一个实施例中,含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物的溶液或含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物的悬浮液还包括润滑剂、分散剂、疏水剂、粘接剂中的至少一种。有关打印技术及其对有关溶液的相关要求,如溶剂及浓度,粘度等的详细信息请参见Helmut Kipphan主编的《印刷媒体手册:技术和生产方法》(Handbook of Print Media:Technologies and Production Methods),ISBN 3-540-67326-1。
一种含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物应用于有机电子器件。有机电子器件可选于有机发光二极管(OLED)、有机光伏电池(OPV)、有机发光电池(OLEEC)、有机场效应管(OFET)、有机 发光场效应管、有机激光器、有机自旋电子器件、有机传感器及有机等离激元发射二极管(Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode)中的一种。
在其中一个实施例中,有机电子器件至少包括含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物。
在其中一个实施例中,有机电子器件至少包含一个阴极、一个阳极及位于阴极和阳极之间的一个功能层,功能层中至少具有含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物。
在其中一个实施例中,有机电子器件为电致发光器件。
在其中一个实施例中,电致发光器件,包括基片、阳极、发光层、阴极。
在其中一个实施例中,电致发光器件具有发光层,发光层具有含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物。
在其中一个实施例中,电致发光器件的发光层具有含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物和磷光发光体。
在其中一个实施例中,电致发光器件的发光层具有含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物和主体材料。
在其中一个实施例中,电致发光器件的发光层具有含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物、磷光发光体和主体材料。
在其中一个实施例中,电致发光器件是OLED,包括基片、阳极、发光层、阴极。
基片可以是不透明,也可以是透明。透明的基板用来制造一个透明的发光元器件可参见,Bulovic等Nature 1996,380,p29,和Gu等,Appl.Phys.Lett.1996,68,p2606。
基片可以是刚性,也可以弹性的。
基片可以是塑料、金属、半导体晶片或玻璃。
在其中一个实施例中,基片有一个平滑的表面。
在其中一个实施例中,基片无表面缺陷。
在其中一个实施例中,基片是柔性的,可选聚合物薄膜或塑料。
在其中一个实施例中,基片为聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)(PET)或聚乙二醇(2,6-萘)(PEN)。
基片的玻璃化温度Tg为150℃以上。
在其中一个实施例中,基片的玻璃化温度Tg超过200℃。
在其中一个实施例中,基片的玻璃化温度Tg超过250℃。
在其中一个实施例中,基片的玻璃化温度Tg超过300℃。
在其中一个实施例中,基片柔性基板的例子有聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)(PET)和聚乙二醇(2,6-萘)(PEN)。
阳极可包括导电金属、金属氧化物或导电聚合物。阳极可以容易地注入空穴到空穴注入层(HIL)、空穴传输层(HTL)或发光层中。
在一个的实施例中,阳极的功函数与发光层中的发光体、作为HIL或HTL或电子阻挡层(EBL)的p型半导体材料的HOMO能级或价带能级的差的绝对值小于0.5eV。
在一个的实施例中,阳极的功函数与发光层中的发光体、作为HIL或HTL或EBL的p型半导体材料的HOMO能级或价带能级的差的绝对值小于0.3eV。
在一个的实施例中,阳极的功函数与发光层中的发光体、作为HIL或HTL或EBL的p型半导体材料的HOMO能级或价带能级的差的绝对值小于0.2eV。
阳极材料为Al、Cu、Au、Ag、Mg、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Pd、Pt、ITO、和铝掺杂氧化锌(AZO)中的至少一种。其他实施方式中,阳极材料也可以是本领域普通技术人员容易地选择。
阳极材料可以沉积而成,比如物理气相沉积法,包括射频磁控溅射,真空热蒸发,电子束(e-beam)等。
在其他实施例中,阳极是图案结构化的。图案化的ITO导电基板可在市场上买到。
阴极包括导电金属或金属氧化物。阴极可以容易地注入电子到EIL、ETL、或直接到发光层中。
在其中一个的实施例中,阴极的功函数与发光层中发光体、作为电子注入层(EIL)或电子传输层(ETL)或空穴阻挡层(HBL)的n型半导体材料的LUMO能级或导带能级的差的绝对值小于0.5eV。
在其中一个的实施例中,阴极的功函数与发光层中发光体、作为电子注入层(EIL)或电子传输层(ETL)或空穴阻挡层(HBL)的n型半导体材料的LUMO能级或导带能级的差的绝对值小于0.3eV。
在其中一个的实施例中,阴极的功函数与发光层中发光体、作为电子注入层(EIL)或电子传输层(ETL)或空穴阻挡层(HBL)的n型半导体材料的LUMO能级或导带能级的差的绝对值小于0.2eV。
在其中一个的实施例中,阴极材料为Al、Au、Ag、Ca、Ba、Mg、LiF/Al、MgAg合金、BaF2/Al、Cu、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Pd、Pt、ITO中的至少一种。阴极材料使用技术沉积,如物理气相沉积法,包括射频磁控溅射,真空热蒸发,电子束(e-beam)。
在其中一个的实施例中,OLED还包含其他功能层,如空穴注入层(HIL)、空穴传输层(HTL)、电子阻挡层(EBL)、电子注入层(EIL)、电子传输层(ETL)、空穴阻挡层(HBL)。这些功能层中在WO2010135519A1、US20090134784A1和WO2011110277A1中有详细的描述。
一种含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物的发光层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
以含有第一化合物H1和第二化合物H2的混合物作为一个源,沉积制得发光层。
在其中一个实施例中,以含有第一化合物H1和第二化合物H2的混合物作为一个源真空蒸镀制备发光层。
在其中一个实施例中,以含有第一化合物H1和第二化合物H2的混合物通过打印的方法制备发光层。
一种含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物的发光层的制备方法,包含以下步骤:以含有第一化合物H1和第二化合物H2的混合物作为单独的两个源蒸镀制备发光层
一种含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物的发光器件,其发光波长在300nm~1000nm之间。
一种含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物的发光器件,其发光波长在350nm~900nm之间。
一种含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物的发光器件,其发光波长在400nm~800nm之间。
上述的有机电子器件在各种电子设备中的应用,包括显示设备、照明设备、光源、传感器。
具体实施例
合成第一有机化合物
实施例1
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000051
5-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-8-(9-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-9H-咔唑-3-基)-5H-吡啶[3,2-b]吲哚
在250ml的三口烧瓶中加入3.63g,10mmol(9-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-9H-咔唑-3-基)硼酸、3.98g,10mmol 5-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-8-溴-5H-吡啶[3,2-b]吲哚、6.9g,50mmol碳酸钾,0.58g,0.5mmolPd(PPh3)4、100ml甲苯、25ml水以及25ml乙醇。在N2气氛中,110℃反应,薄层色谱(TLC)跟踪反应进程,待反应结束,降至室温得到反应液。把反应液倒入水中,洗涤除去K2CO3,然后抽滤,得到固体产品,用二氯甲烷洗涤。粗品用二氯甲烷、甲醇重结晶,得产品5-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-8-(9-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-9H-咔唑-3-基)-5H-吡啶[3,2-b]吲哚5.8g,MS(ASAP)=637.4。
实施例2
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000052
8-(9-([1,1′-二苯基]-3-基)-9H-咔唑-3-基)-5-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-5H-吡啶[3,2-b]吲哚
250ml的三口烧瓶中加入3.63g,10mmol(9-([1,1′-二苯基]-3-基)-9H-咔唑-3-基)硼酸、3.98g,10mmol 5-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-8-溴-5H-吡啶[3,2-b]吲哚、6.9g,50mmol碳酸钾,0.58g,0.5mmolPd(PPh3)4,100ml甲苯,25ml水以及25ml乙醇,在N2气氛中,110℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进程,待反应结束,降至室温。把反应液倒入水中,洗涤除去K2CO3,然后抽滤,得到固体产品,用二氯甲烷洗涤。粗品用二氯甲烷、甲醇重结晶,得产品8-(9-([1,1′-二苯基]-3-基)-9H-咔唑-3-基)-5-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-5H-吡啶[3,2-b]吲哚5.4g,MS(ASAP)=637.8。
实施例3
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000053
6-(9-([1,1′-二苯基]-3-基)-9H-咔唑-3-基)-9-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-9H-吡啶[2,3-b]吲哚
250ml的三口烧瓶中加入3.63g,10mmol(9-([1,1′-二苯基]-3-基)-9H-咔唑-3-基)硼酸、3.98g,10mmol 9-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-6-溴-9H-吡啶[2,3-b]吲哚、6.9g,50mmol碳酸钾,0.58g,0.5mmolPd(PPh3)4,100ml甲苯,25ml水以及25ml乙醇,在N2气氛中,110℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进程,待反应结束,降至室温。把反应液倒入水中,洗涤除去K2CO3,然后抽滤,得到固体产品,用二氯甲烷洗涤。粗品用二氯甲烷、甲醇重结晶,得产品6-(9-([1,1′-二苯基]-3-基)-9H-咔唑-3-基)-9-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-9H-吡啶[2,3-b]吲哚5.4g,MS(ASAP)=637.6。
实施例4
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000054
9-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-6-(9-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-9H-咔唑-3-基)-9H-吡啶[2,3-b]吲哚
250ml的三口烧瓶中加入3.63g,10mmol(9-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-9H-咔唑-3-基)硼酸、3.98g,10mmol 9-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-6-溴-9H-吡啶[2,3-b]吲哚、6.9g,50mmol碳酸钾,0.58g,0.5mmolPd(PPh3)4,100ml甲苯,25ml水以及25ml乙醇,在N2气氛中,110℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进程,待反应结束,降至室温。把反应液倒入水中,洗涤除去K2CO3,然后抽滤,得到固体产品,用二氯甲烷洗涤。粗品用二氯甲烷、甲醇重结晶,得产品9-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-6-(9-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-9H-咔唑-3-基)-9H-吡啶[2,3-b]吲哚5.5g,MS(ASAP)=637.4。
合成第二有机化合物
实施例5
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000055
2-([1,1′:3′,1″:3″,1″′:3″′,1″″-五苯基-3-基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪
250ml的三口烧瓶中加入3.50g,10mmol[1,1′:3′,1″:3″,1″′-四苯基]-3-基硼酸、4.2g,11mmol 2-(3-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、6.9g,50mmol碳酸钾,0.58g,0.5mmolPd(PPh3)4,100ml甲苯,25ml水以及25ml乙醇,在N2气氛中,110℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进程,待反应结束,降至室温。把反应液倒入水中,洗涤除去K2CO3,然后抽滤,得到固体产品,用二氯甲烷洗涤。粗品用二氯甲烷、乙醇重结晶,得产品2-([1,1′:3′,1″:3″,1″′:3″′,1″″-五苯基-3-基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪5.5g,MS(ASAP)=613.4。
实施例6
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000056
2,4-二苯基-6-(5″′-苯基-[1,1′:3′,1″:3″,1″′:3″′,1″″-五苯基]-4-基)-1,3,5-三嗪
250ml的三口烧瓶中加入3.50g,10mmol(5′-苯基-[1,1′:3′,1″-三苯基]-3-基)硼酸、5.1g,11mmol 2-(3′-溴-[1,1′-二苯基苯]-4-基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、6.9g,50mmol碳酸钾,0.58g,0.5mmolPd(PPh3)4,100ml甲苯,25ml水以及25ml乙醇,在N2气氛中,110℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进程,待反应结束,降至室温。把反应液倒入水中,洗涤除去K2CO3,然后抽滤,得到固体产品,用二氯甲烷洗涤。粗品用二氯甲烷、甲醇重结晶,得产品2,4-二苯基-6-(5″′-苯基-[1,1′:3′,1″:3″,1″′:3″′,1″″-五苯基]-4-基)-1,3,5-三嗪6.1g,MS(ASAP)=689.4。
实施例7
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000057
2,4-二苯基-6-(3′-(苯并菲基-2-基)-[1,1′-二苯基]-3-基)-1,3,5-三嗪
250ml的三口烧瓶中加入3.48g,10mmol(3-(苯并菲基-2-基)苯)硼酸、4.2g,11mmol2-(3-溴苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、6.9g,50mmol碳酸钾,0.58g,0.5mmolPd(PPh3)4,100ml甲苯,25ml水以及25ml乙醇,在N2气氛中,110℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进程,待反应结束,降至室温。把反应液倒入水中,洗涤除去K2CO3,然后抽滤,得到固体产品,用二氯甲烷洗涤。粗品用邻二氯苯加热重结晶,得产品2,4-二苯基-6-(3′-(苯并菲基-2-基)-[1,1′-二苯基]-3-基)-1,3,5-三嗪5.3g,MS(ASAP)=611.4。
实施例8
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000058
2-(9,9′-螺二[芴]-4-基)-4-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪
250ml的三口烧瓶中加入3.60g,10mmol 9,9′-螺二[芴]-4-基硼酸、3.8g,11mmol2-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-4-氯-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、6.9g,50mmol碳酸钾,0.58g,0.5mmolPd(PPh3)4,100ml甲苯,25ml水以及25ml乙醇,在N2气氛中,110℃反应,TLC跟踪反应进程,待反应结束,降至室温。把反应液倒入水中,洗涤除去K2CO3,然后抽滤,得到固体产品,用二氯甲烷洗涤。用二氧六烷重结晶,得产品固体粉末2-(9,9′-螺二[芴]-4-基)-4-([1,1′-二苯基]-4-基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪4.5g。MS(ASAP)=623.2。
含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物
将质量比为1:1的第一化合物H1与第二化合物H2混合均匀得到混合物,然后将此混合物置于小于或等于10-3Torr的真空环境中,升高真空环境中的温度使两种主体材料完全熔融,待混合均匀,冷却至室温使混合物凝固,然后用球磨机磨碎成粉末待用。
有机化合物材料的能级可通过量子计算得到,比如利用TD-DFT(含时密度泛函理论)通过Gaussian09W(Gaussian Inc.),具体的模拟方法可参见WO2011141110。首先用半经验方法“Ground State/Semi-empirical/Default Spin/AM1”(Charge 0/Spin Singlet)来优化分子几何结构,然后有机分子的能量结构由TD-DFT(含时密度泛函理论)方法算得“TD-SCF/DFT/Default Spin/B3PW91”与基组“6-31G(d)”(Charge 0/Spin Singlet)。HOMO和LUMO能级按照下面的校准公式计算,S1,T1和谐振因子f(S1)直接使用。
HOMO(eV)=((HOMO(G)×27.212)-0.9899)/1.1206
LUMO(eV)=((LUMO(G)×27.212)-2.0041)/1.385
其中HOMO(G)和LUMO(G)是Gaussian 09W的直接计算结果,单位为Hartree。结果如表1所示:
表1
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000059
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000060
其中,材料(1)~(4)应用于实施例1~4对应的第一化合物H1,材料(5)~(8)用于实施例5~8对应的第二化合物H2。对于混合物的编号与组成见表2,第一化合物H1与第二化合物H2的摩尔比见表2。
表2
  (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) H1:H2
A-1             2:8
A-2             3:7
A-3             4:6
A-4             5:5
A-5             6:4
A-6             7:3
A-7             5:5
A-8             8:2
○表示表示包含此类化合物。
与上述含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物进行比较的是目前常用的咔唑类材料体系结构的主体材料,以Ref 1标记:
Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-000061
制备具有ITO/HATCN(10nm)/NPB(35nm)/TCTA(5nm)/(A-n):5%Ir(ppy)3/B3PYMPM(40nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(150nm)的OLED器件,A-n选自A-1~A-8中的一种,具体制备步骤如下:
a、导电玻璃基片的清洗:首次使用时,可用多种溶剂进行清洗,例如氯仿、酮、异丙醇进行清洗,然后进行紫外臭氧等离子处理;
b、空穴传输层HTL(35nm),发光层EML(15nm),电子传输层ETL(65nm):在高真空(1×10-6毫巴,mbar)中热蒸镀而成;
c、阴极:LiF/Al(1nm/150nm)在高真空(1×10-6毫巴)中热蒸镀而成;
d、封装:器件在氮气手套箱中用紫外线硬化树脂封装。
各OLED器件的电流电压(J-V)特性通过表征设备来表征,同时记录重要的参数如效率, 寿命及外部量子效率。
经检测,OLED4(对应材料(A-4))的发光效率和寿命都是OLED Ref1(对应材料(Ref1))的3倍以上,OLED7(对应材料(A-7))的发光效率是OLED Ref1的4倍,而寿命是5倍以上,特别是OLED7的最大外部量子效率达到19%以上。可见,采用本发明的有机混合物制备的OLED器件,其发光效率和寿命均得到大大提高,且外部量子效率也得到明显提高。
应当理解的是,本发明的应用不限于上述的举例,对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,其特征在于,包括第一化合物H1及第二化合物H2,且min((LUMO(H1)-HOMO(H2),LUMO(H2)-HOMO(H1))≤min(ET(H1),ET(H2))+0.1eV,其中LUMO(H1)、HOMO(H1)及ET(H1)分别是H1的最低未占有轨道、最高占有轨道及三线态的能级,LUMO(H2)、HOMO(H2)及ET(H2)分别是H2的最低未占有轨道、最高占有轨道、及三线态的能级;
    第一化合物H1具有如下通式I:
    Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-100001
    其中,X是N或CR1,且相邻的X不同时为N,CR1中的R1选自H、D、碳原子数为1个~20个的烷基、包含6个~50个碳原子的芳香族环基、含5个~50个碳原子的杂芳香基中的一种;
    -Y1-和-Y2-分别独立表示单键、含5个~30个碳原子的芳香基、含5个~30个碳原子的杂芳香基或含5个~30个碳原子的非芳香环基;
    Ar1和Ar2分别独立选自含有5个~60个碳原子的芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~60个碳原子的芳香基、含有5个~60个碳原子杂芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~60个碳原子杂芳香基及含有5个~60个碳原子非芳香族环基及R2取代的含有5个~60个碳原子非芳香族环基中的一种,R2选自H、F、Cl、Br、I、D、CN、NO2、CF3、B(OR3)2、Si(R3)3、直链烷烃基、烷烃醚基、含1个~10个碳原子烷烃硫醚基、支链烷烃基、环烷烃基及含有3个~10个碳原子的烷烃醚基中的一种,R3选自H、D、含1个~10个碳原子的脂肪族烷烃基、含5个~10个碳原子的芳香基和含5个~10个环原子的杂芳基中的一种。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,其特征在于,其中所述通式I中的-Y1-、-Y2-选自下述结构基团中的一种:
    Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-100002
    其中,X1是CR6或N;
    Y3选自CR7R8、SiR9R10、NR11、S、O及羰基中的一种;
    R6、R7、R8、R9、R10及R11分别独立选自H、D、具有1个~20个碳原子的直链烷基、具有1个~20个碳原子的烷氧基、具有1个~20个碳原子的硫代烷氧基、具有1个~20个碳原子的取代的酮基基团、具有3个~20个碳原子的支链或环状的烷基、具有3个~20个碳原子的支链或环状的烷氧基、具有3个~20个碳原子的支链或环状的硫代烷氧基、甲硅烷基、具有2个~20个碳原子的烷氧基羰基、具有7个~20个碳原子的芳氧基羰基、氰基、氨基甲酰基、卤甲酰基、甲酰基、异氰基、异氰酸酯基、硫氰酸酯基、异硫氰酸酯基、羟基、硝基、CF3,Cl,Br,F、可交联的基团、具有5个~40个碳原子芳香基、具有5个~40个碳原子的杂芳基、具有5个~40个碳原子的芳氧基及具有5个~40个碳原子的杂芳氧基中的至少一种。可交联基团一般包括炔基,含非饱和键的基团。
  3. 根据权利1所述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,其特征在于,所述通式I中的Ar1和Ar2分别具有下述结构基团中的至少一种:
    Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-100004
    n为1~4的整数。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,其特征在于,所述第一化合物H1具如下结构:
    Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-100006
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,其特征在于,所述第一化合物H1具有如下结构中的至少一种:
    Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-100007
    Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-100008
    Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-100009
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,其特征在于,所述第二化合物H2的具有通式II所示的结构:
    Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-100010
    其中,Z为N或CR13,且至少一个Z为N,CR13中的R13为H、D、含1个~10个碳原子的烷 基、含6~12碳原子的芳香环基或含6~12碳原子的杂芳香环基。
    Ar3、Ar4及Ar5分别独立选自含有5个~60个碳原子的芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~60个碳原子的芳香基、含有5个~60个碳原子杂芳香基、R2取代的含有5个~60个碳原子杂芳香基及含有5个~60个碳原子非芳香族环基及R2取代的含有5个~60个碳原子非芳香族环基中的一种,R2选自H、F、Cl、Br、I、D、CN、NO2、CF3、B(OR3)2、Si(R3)3、直链烷烃基、烷烃醚基、含1个~10个碳原子烷烃硫醚基、支链烷烃基、环烷烃基及含有3个~10个碳原子的烷烃醚基中的一种,R3选自H、D、含1个~10个碳原子的脂肪族烷烃基、含5个~10个碳原子的芳香基和含5个~10个碳原子的杂芳基中的一种;
    w、m、p分别为1~3的整数。
  7. 根据权利5所述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,其特征在于,所述通式Ⅱ中的Ar3、Ar4及Ar5分别具有下述结构基团中的至少一种:
    Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-100011
    Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-100012
    n为1~4的整数。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,其特征在于,所述第二化合物H2含有吸电子基。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,其特征在于,所述第二化合物H2含有F、氰基、及以下基团中的一种:
    Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-100013
    其中,n1是1~3的整数,X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X7、X8及X9分别独立为CR12或N,且X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X7、X8及X9中至少有一个为N,其中R12选自氢、烷基、烷氧基、氨基、烯、炔、 芳烷基、杂烷基、芳基和杂芳基中的一种。-Z1-、-Z2-、-Z3-为独立为单键、-C(R12)2-、-O-或-S-。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,其特征在于,所述第一化合物H1与所述第二化合物H2的摩尔比为2:8~8:2。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,其特征在于,所述第一化合物H1与所述第二化合物H2的相对分子质量的差不超过100克/摩尔。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,其特征在于,所述第一化合物H1与所述第二化合物H2的升华温度的差不超过30K。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物,其特征在于,所述第二化合物H2具有如下结构中的一种:
    Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-100014
    Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-100015
    Figure PCTCN2017112717-appb-100016
  14. 一种根据权利要求1~13任一项所述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物在有机电子器件中的应用。
  15. 一种有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,包括权利要求1~13任一项所述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,还包括空穴注入材料、空穴传输材料、电子传输材料电子注入材料、电子阻挡材料、空穴阻挡材料、发光体及主体材料中的至少一种。
  17. 一种有机电子器件,其特征在于,包括权利要求1~13任一项所述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的有机电子器件,其特征在于,所述的有机电子器件为有机发光二极管、有机光伏电池、有机发光电池、有机场效应管、有机发光场效应管、有机激光器、有机自旋电子器件、有机传感器或有机等离激元发射二极管。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的有机电子器件,其特征在于,所述有机电子器件是电致发光器件,所述有机电子器件具有发光层,所述发光层包含权利要求1~13任一项所述的含氮杂咔唑衍生物的有机混合物。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的有机电子器件,其特征在于,所述发光层由含有所述第一化合物H1和所述第二化合物H2的混合物作为一个源沉积而成,或者所述第一化合物H1和所述第二化合物H2独自作为两个源蒸镀而成。
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