WO2018094716A1 - 一种竹材脱层成纤的制作装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种竹材脱层成纤的制作装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018094716A1
WO2018094716A1 PCT/CN2016/107415 CN2016107415W WO2018094716A1 WO 2018094716 A1 WO2018094716 A1 WO 2018094716A1 CN 2016107415 W CN2016107415 W CN 2016107415W WO 2018094716 A1 WO2018094716 A1 WO 2018094716A1
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Prior art keywords
bamboo
cover
implement
machine
fiber
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PCT/CN2016/107415
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姚文斌
周超
林茂阳
姚瑶
Original Assignee
浙江农林大学暨阳学院
姚文斌
周超
林茂阳
姚瑶
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Application filed by 浙江农林大学暨阳学院, 姚文斌, 周超, 林茂阳, 姚瑶 filed Critical 浙江农林大学暨阳学院
Priority to US15/770,492 priority Critical patent/US10822724B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/107415 priority patent/WO2018094716A1/zh
Publication of WO2018094716A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018094716A1/zh

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27J—MECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27J1/00—Mechanical working of cane or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K9/00—Chemical or physical treatment of reed, straw, or similar material
    • B27K9/002—Cane, bamboo
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/02—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by compressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/18—Auxiliary operations, e.g. preheating, humidifying, cutting-off
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/01—Natural vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/10—Bamboo

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of bamboo processing, and particularly relates to a device and a method for fabricating delamination and fiber formation of bamboo.
  • the bamboo fiber manufacturing method in the industry mainly produces cracks in the bamboo material by extrusion treatment, and the bamboo sheet is thinned and then separated, that is, the fiber is produced by the extrusion cracking method;
  • the force of extrusion does not fit well with bamboo of different specifications, resulting in uneven force on all parts of the bamboo, resulting in uneven distribution of cracks, which affects the acquisition of bamboo coarse fiber.
  • chemical fiber making that is, using alkali immersion to cause degradation of hemicellulose and lignin in bamboo to obtain plant fiber; however, the method of immersing fiber in lye is used because the chemical liquid acts on the surface of bamboo.
  • the decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in bamboo is inconsistent inside and outside, resulting in inconsistent length and unevenness of bamboo fiber produced in bamboo, resulting in low yield and fiber yield of bamboo fiber, high production cost of fiber, and production.
  • bamboo fiber can only be used in fiberboard or low-grade composite applications.
  • One of the technical problems to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device for fabricating delamination and fiber formation of bamboo.
  • the second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing delamination and fiber formation of bamboo.
  • a manufacturing device for delamination and fiber formation of bamboo comprising a frame, an implement base, a machine cover that is matched with the machine base, and a machine cover track. a push plate, a push rail, a power source for sliding the push plate, and at least one elastic member;
  • the implement is disposed at a middle portion of the rack, and the top of the implement is provided with a plurality of juxtaposed a groove and a first heat generating group, the first heat generating group is embedded in the machine base and located under the groove; the bottom of the machine cover is provided with a plurality of ridges and a second heat generating group, the ribs and The number of the grooves is consistent and arranged one by one, and the second heat generating group is embedded in the machine cover and located above the ridge;
  • the machine cover rail and the push rail are respectively disposed on the frame, and the implement cover is slidably disposed on the implement cover rail, and the left side surface of the implement cover is a curved surface, and the radius of the curved surface is 8-20 mm, and the radius
  • the implement cover is engaged with the right end of the frame through the elastic member, the push plate is slidably coupled to the push rail, and the power source is engaged with the push plate;
  • the implement cover rail includes a left track segment and a right track segment disposed from left to right, the left track segment being disposed along the implement base and located above the implement base;
  • the pressing track includes a lower linear segment arranged from left to right, and an arc shape a segment and an upper linear segment, the lower linear segment being located below the groove bottom of the groove, the upper linear segment engaging the lower linear segment by the arc segment, the upper linear segment being parallel to the left track segment and located in the left track segment Above; when the push plate is slidably fitted to the upper linear section, the lower surface of the pusher plate is fitted to the upper surface of the implement cover.
  • the push plate is coupled to the power source through a pulley.
  • the first heat generating group is composed of a plurality of first heat generating sheets uniformly distributed and disposed with the grooves misaligned;
  • the second heat generating group is composed of a plurality of second heat generating sheets uniformly distributed and disposed with the ribs offset .
  • the elastic member is a compression spring, one end of the compression spring is coupled to the right end of the frame, and the other end of the compression spring is coupled to the right end of the implement cover.
  • the present invention solves the above technical problem by the following technical solution: a method for fabricating a delaminated fiber of bamboo, the manufacturing method is implemented by using the above-mentioned manufacturing device, and the specific operation of the manufacturing method is as follows:
  • the first heating group and the second heating group are closed, and the bamboo yellow portion of the bamboo piece located at the left edge of the machine base is cut; then the power source is driven to push The pressure plate slides along the pressing rail and moves from the lower linear section to the upper linear section.
  • the bamboo piece is subjected to a combination of bending, extrusion and stretching, and the fiber and the substrate are gradually layered and After peeling, the fiber bundle structure is visualized and separated from the bamboo tissue to complete the separation of bamboo green bamboo yellow;
  • the first heat generating group is composed of a plurality of first heat generating sheets uniformly distributed and disposed with the grooves misaligned;
  • the second heat generating group is composed of a plurality of second heat generating sheets uniformly distributed and disposed with the ribs offset .
  • the elastic member is a compression spring, one end of the compression spring is coupled to the right end of the frame, and the other end of the compression spring is coupled to the right end of the implement cover.
  • the invention provides a device for fabricating delamination and fiber formation of bamboo which is relatively simple in structure and easy to operate and popularize.
  • the manufacturing method of the invention by using the production device not only has simple production process, high efficiency, no pollution, and the obtained bamboo fiber has
  • the invention has the advantages of good elasticity, good toughness, good fiber fineness and uniformity, that is, the invention can quickly and effectively produce high-quality bamboo fiber, greatly saves the production time of bamboo fiber, improves production efficiency, and reduces production cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a manufacturing apparatus for delamination and fiber formation of bamboo according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a partial schematic view of the frame of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a push plate in the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the frame and the elastic member of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of the implement base of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a bottom plan view of the implement cover of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a side elevational view of the implement base and implement cover of the present invention.
  • a manufacturing apparatus 100 for delamination and fiber formation of bamboo comprises a rack 1 , an implement base 2 , a machine cover 3 matched with the machine base 2 , and a machine cover rail. 4, a push plate 5, a push rail 6, at least one power source 7 for sliding the push plate 5, and at least one elastic member 8; in this embodiment, the elastic member 8 uses a compression spring, a compression spring One end is coupled to the right end of the frame 1, and the other end of the compression spring is coupled to the right end of the implement cover 3.
  • the machine base 2 is disposed at a middle portion of the frame 1.
  • the top of the machine base 2 is provided with a plurality of juxtaposed grooves 21 and a first heat generating group 22, and the first heat generating group 22 is embedded in the machine base 2 and located in the concave portion.
  • the groove 21 is disposed under the groove 21 for placing the bamboo piece, and the first heating group 22 is used for heating the bamboo piece placed in the groove 21;
  • the bottom of the machine cover 3 is provided with a plurality of ridges 31 and a second heat
  • the group 32 has the same number of the ribs 31 and the grooves 21 arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the second heat generating group 32 is embedded in the machine cover 3 and located above the ridges 31. When the implement cover 3 is placed on the machine base 2, the ridges 31 are provided.
  • the second heat generating group 32 also heats the bamboo piece placed in the groove 21.
  • the implement cover rail 4 and the push rail 6 are respectively disposed on the frame 1.
  • the implement cover 3 is slidably mounted on the implement cover rail 4, and the left side surface of the implement cover 3 is a curved surface 33, so that the bamboo piece is on the push plate. 5 can be bent along the curved surface 33, and the implement cover 3 is engaged with the right end of the frame 1 through the elastic member 8, and the pressing plate 5 is slidably fitted to the pressing rail 6, the power source 7 is engaged with the push plate 5;
  • the implement cover rail 4 includes a left track segment 41 and a right track segment 42 disposed from left to right, the left track segment 41 being disposed along the implement base 2 and located above the implement base 2; 3
  • the implement cover 3 is located on the left rail section 41 and is pressed onto the implement base 2, and the protruding strip 31 is just inserted into the corresponding groove 21; when the implement cover 3 is subjected to an external force, it slides to the right track section 42.
  • the elastic member 8 is compressed and deformed
  • the lower linear segment 61, the curved segment 62 and the upper linear segment 63 are disposed, and the lower linear segment 61 is located below the groove bottom of the groove 21, so that the pressing plate 5 can be placed in the groove 21 when sliding on the lower linear segment 61.
  • the bent portion 51 can shovel the end of the bamboo piece and bend the bamboo piece upward after contacting the bamboo piece, and the upper linear section 61 and the lower linear section 63 are engaged by the curved section 62, the upper linear section 61 Parallel to the left track segment 41 and above the left track segment 41; when the push plate 5 is slidably fitted to the upper linear segment 61, the lower surface of the push plate 5 is fitted to the upper surface of the implement cover 3, so that the push plate 5 can A good push of the bamboo piece moves on the upper surface of the implement cover 3.
  • the pressing plate 5 is coupled to the power source 7 through a pulley (not shown);
  • the first heating group 22 is composed of a plurality of first heating elements 221 uniformly distributed and offset from the grooves;
  • the heat generating group 32 is composed of a plurality of second heat generating sheets 321 uniformly distributed and disposed with the ribs misaligned; the specific structure of the first heat generating group 22 and the second heat generating group 32 can ensure uniform heating of the bamboo sheets.
  • a method for fabricating a delaminated fiber of bamboo according to the present invention is implemented based on the above-described manufacturing apparatus 100, and the specific operation of the manufacturing method is as follows:
  • the elastic member 8 Pushing the implement cover 3 to slide it to the right track section 42, the elastic member 8 is compressed; then taking bamboo pieces (not shown) and placing them one by one in the groove 21 of the machine base 2 to ensure the bamboo yellow of the bamboo piece Sticking to the bottom of the groove of the groove 21, leaving the bamboo piece 5-8cm exposed outside the groove 21 of the machine base 2, and the exposed bamboo piece portion is located on the left side of the machine base 2, that is, between the curved segments 62;
  • the ridges 31 on the implement cover 3 are pressed against the bamboo piece, and the first heat generating group 22 and the second heat generating group 32 are activated, and the first heat generating group 22 and the second heat generating group are activated. 32 jointly heat-modified the bamboo piece, the heating temperature is 180-450 °;
  • the first heat generating group 22 and the second heat generating group 32 are closed, and the bamboo yellow portion of the bamboo piece portion located at the left edge of the machine base 2 is cut (specifically, the knife can be used for drawing Engraving to achieve the purpose of cutting bamboo yellow; and usually cutting the thickness of about 1 / 25 of the thickness of the bamboo to cut the bamboo yellow); then turning on the power source 7 to drive the pressing plate 5 to slide along the pressing rail 6, and from The lower linear segment 61 moves in the direction of the upper linear segment 63.
  • the bent portion 51 first contacts the bamboo piece and bends the bamboo piece, and at the same time, the bamboo piece is cut off by the bamboo yellow.
  • the cutting opening is bent upward and reversed under the action of the bending extrusion.
  • the bamboo piece is pressed against the upper surface of the machine cover 3 by the pressing plate 5, and then pushed and pushed as the pressing plate 5 continues to slide.
  • the pressure is moved toward the tail end of the machine cover 3, so that the bamboo piece is subjected to a combination of bending, extrusion and stretching, the fiber and the substrate are gradually layered and peeled off, and the fiber bundle structure is visualized and separated from the bamboo tissue.
  • the present invention provides a method for mechanically preparing bamboo fiber, which fully utilizes the anisotropy of bamboo material and the characteristics of the non-uniform material, and firstly heats and deforms the bamboo material, and then forces the bamboo material to be chamfered and then has a curved surface.
  • the upper edge of the machine cover 3 of 33 is operated, and as the pressing plate 5 slides on the pressing rail 6, the bamboo material is forced to be deformed by the combination of stretching, bending and extrusion, resulting in geometric nonlinear deformation of the bamboo material, and bamboo material therebetween. Cracks occur in the middle fiber and the matrix structure.
  • the bamboo fiber (bundle) is obtained by delamination and fiber formation, and the whole production process is simple and easy, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the production cost is reduced, and the detachment and separation of the bamboo yellow and bamboo structures are realized at the same time.
  • the production process is environmentally friendly and pollution-free, but also the bamboo structure can be subjected to uniform extrusion force and bending combination deformation, so that the obtained bamboo
  • the fiber (bundle) has the characteristics of good elasticity, good toughness, and excellent fiber fineness and uniformity.
  • the invention discloses a device for fabricating delamination and fiber formation of bamboo, which has a relatively simple structure, is easy to operate and use, and has a relatively small footprint, and is easy to popularize and apply.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种竹材脱层成纤的制作装置（100），包括一机架（1）、一机具座（2）、一与机具座匹配盖合的机具盖（3）、一机具盖轨道（4）、一推压板（5）、一推压轨道（6）、一用以供推压板滑动的动力源（7）、及至少一弹性件（8）。同时揭露了利用该制作装置进行竹材脱层成纤的制作方法。

Description

一种竹材脱层成纤的制作装置及方法 【技术领域】
本发明属于竹材加工领域，具体涉及一种竹材脱层成纤的制作装置及方法。
【背景技术】
竹材脱层成纤是精细化制取竹纤维的前提条件，也是制备合格竹原纤维的基础。随着竹纤维新兴产业的蓬勃发展，对竹纤维的需求也大大增加。
目前，工业上的竹纤维制作方式主要通过挤压处理使竹材原料产生龟裂，竹片变薄后分离制得，即采用挤压裂法制纤；但就挤压碎裂法制纤而言，由于挤压的力不能很好契合不同规格的竹材，而导致竹材各个部位受力不均匀，产生的裂纹分布不均匀，从而影响竹材粗纤的获取。也有从业人员采用化学法制纤，即采用碱液浸泡致使竹材中半纤维素、木质素降解的方法得到植物纤维的；但采用碱液浸泡制纤的方法，由于化学药液作用在竹材表面，使竹材中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的分解出现内外不一致，致使竹材内部制得的竹纤维长短不一致，粗细不均匀，从而导致竹纤维合格率和出纤率低，纤维生产成本高，生产的竹纤维只能用于纤维板或低档次复合材料应用领域。
【发明内容】
本发明所要解决的技术问题之一在于提供一种竹材脱层成纤的制作装置。
本发明所要解决的技术问题之二在于提供一种竹材脱层成纤的制作方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案解决上述技术问题之一的：一种竹材脱层成纤的制作装置，包括一机架、一机具座、一与机具座匹配盖合的机具盖、一机具盖轨道、一推压板、一推压轨道、一用以供推压板滑动的动力源、及至少一弹性件；
所述机具座设于机架的中部，所述机具座的顶部设有复数个并列设置的 凹槽和一第一发热组，所述第一发热组嵌于机具座内并位于凹槽下方；所述机具盖的底部设有复数个凸条和一第二发热组，所述凸条与凹槽数量一致并一一对应设置，所述第二发热组嵌于机具盖内并位于凸条上方；
所述机具盖轨道、推压轨道分别设于机架上，所述机具盖滑配于机具盖轨道上，所述机具盖的左侧面为曲面，该曲面的半径为8～20mm，且该机具盖通过所述弹性件与机架的右端部衔接，所述推压板滑配于推压轨道上，所述动力源与推压板衔接；
所述机具盖轨道包括从左至右设置的左轨道段和右轨道段，所述左轨道段沿着机具座设置并位于机具座上方；
所述推压板的右端部向上抬升形成一弯折部，所述弯折部与推压板的夹角为100～150°；所述推压轨道包括从左至右设置的下线性段、弧形段和上线性段，所述下线性段位于凹槽的槽底下方，所述上线性段与下线性段通过该弧形段衔接，所述上线性段与左轨道段平行并位于左轨道段的上方；当推压板滑配于上线性段时，推压板的下表面与机具盖的上表面相贴合。
进一步地，所述推压板通过滑轮与动力源衔接。
进一步地，所述第一发热组由复数个均匀分布并与凹槽错位设置的第一发热片组成；所述第二发热组由复数个均匀分布并与凸条错位设置的第二发热片组成。
进一步地，所述弹性件为压缩弹簧，所述压缩弹簧的一端衔接于机架的右端部上，所述压缩弹簧的另一端衔接于机具盖的右端部上。
本发明是通过以下技术方案解决上述技术问题之二的：一种竹材脱层成纤的制作方法，该制作方法利用上述的制作装置实现的，且该制作方法的具体操作如下：
(1)、推动机具盖使其滑动至右轨道段，弹性件被压缩；接着取竹片并将其一一放置于机具座的凹槽中，确保竹片的竹黄贴于凹槽的槽底，保留竹片5-8cm露于机具座的凹槽外，且露出的竹片部分位于机具座的左侧；
(2)、之后机具盖盖合于机具座上，机具盖上的凸条压于竹片上，同时启动第一发热组和第二发热组，则第一发热组和第二发热组共同对竹片进行 加热改性，加热温度为180～450°；
(3)、在竹片加热改性3-10分钟后，关闭第一发热组和第二发热组，将位于机具座的左侧边缘的竹片部分的竹黄切断；然后开启动力源驱动推压板沿着推压轨道滑动，且从下线性段往上线性段方向移动，在推压板滑动的过程中，竹片受到弯曲、挤压、拉伸的组合形变，纤维与基体慢慢分层和剥离，纤维束组织得以显现而从竹材组织中分离出来，完成竹青竹黄的分离；
(4)当推压板滑动至完全位于上线性段时，则一组竹片完成脱层成纤，接着推压板在动力源的作用下回到原始位置即上线性段；最后取出分离出的竹纤维即可。
进一步地，所述第一发热组由复数个均匀分布并与凹槽错位设置的第一发热片组成；所述第二发热组由复数个均匀分布并与凸条错位设置的第二发热片组成。
进一步地，所述弹性件为压缩弹簧，所述压缩弹簧的一端衔接于机架的右端部上，所述压缩弹簧的另一端衔接于机具盖的右端部上。
本发明的有益效果在于：
提供了一种结构相对简单、且易于操作使用及推广的竹材脱层成纤的制作装置，利用该制作装置进行的本发明制作方法不仅生产过程简单、高效、无污染，而且获得的竹纤维具有弹性好，韧性佳，纤维细度、均匀性好的特点，即本发明能够快速有效地制取优质的竹材纤维，大大节省了竹纤维的生产时间，提高了生产效率，并降低了生产成本。
【附图说明】
下面参照附图结合实施例对本实用新型作进一步的描述。
图1是本发明一种竹材脱层成纤的制作装置的示意图。
图2是本发明中机架的局部示意图。
图3是本发明中推压板的示意图。
图4是本发明中机架与弹性件的示意图。
图5是本发明中机具座的俯视图。
图6是本发明中机具盖的仰视图。
图7是本发明中机具座与机具盖的侧视图。
【具体实施方式】
请结合图1至图7，本发明一种竹材脱层成纤的制作装置100，包括一机架1、一机具座2、一与机具座2匹配盖合的机具盖3、一机具盖轨道4、一推压板5、一推压轨道6、至少一用以供推压板5滑动的动力源7、及至少一弹性件8；在本实施例中，弹性件8采用压缩弹簧，压缩弹簧的一端衔接于机架1的右端部上，压缩弹簧的另一端衔接于机具盖3的右端部上。
机具座2设于机架1的中部，所述机具座2的顶部设有复数个并列设置的凹槽21和一第一发热组22，第一发热组22嵌于机具座2内并位于凹槽21下方凹槽21用以放置竹片，第一发热组22用以对置于凹槽21内的竹片进行加热，；机具盖3的底部设有复数个凸条31和一第二发热组32，凸条31与凹槽21数量一致并一一对应设置，第二发热组32嵌于机具盖3内并位于凸条31上方当机具盖3盖于机具座2上时，凸条31刚好插入凹槽21内并压住凹槽21内的竹片，第二发热组32同样对置于凹槽21内的竹片进行加热。
机具盖轨道4、推压轨道6分别设于机架1上，所述机具盖3滑配于机具盖轨道4上，所述机具盖3的左侧面为曲面33，使得竹片在推压板5推压下能够沿着该曲面33弯曲，且该机具盖3通过所述弹性件8与机架1的右端部衔接，所述推压板5滑配于推压轨道6上，所述动力源7与推压板5衔接；机具盖轨道4包括从左至右设置的左轨道段41和右轨道段42，所述左轨道段41沿着机具座2设置并位于机具座2上方；当机具盖3未受到外力作用时，机具盖3位于左轨道段41并上压盖于机具座2上，凸条31刚好插入对应的凹槽21内；当机具盖3受到外力作用滑向右轨道段42时，弹性件8被压缩形变，外力撤掉后，机具盖3则在弹性件8自身的弹性恢复力作用下滑回原位即左轨道段41。
推压板5的右端部向上抬升形成一弯折部51，所述弯折部51与推压板5的夹角为α，且α＝100～150°；所述推压轨道6包括从左至右设置的下线性段61、弧形段62和上线性段63，所述下线性段61位于凹槽21的槽底下方，使得推压板5在下线性段61上滑动时能够位于放置在凹槽21内的竹片下方， 从而确保弯折部51在接触到竹片后能够铲起竹片端部并将竹片向上弯曲，所述上线性段61与下线性段63通过该弧形段62衔接，所述上线性段61与左轨道段41平行并位于左轨道段41的上方；当推压板5滑配于上线性段61时，推压板5的下表面与机具盖3的上表面相贴合，使得推压板5能够良好的推动竹片在机具盖3的上表面上移动。
在本实施例中，推压板5通过滑轮(未图示)与动力源7衔接；第一发热组22由复数个均匀分布并与凹槽错位设置的第一发热片221组成；所述第二发热组32由复数个均匀分布并与凸条错位设置的第二发热片321组成；第一发热组22与第二发热组32的具体结构能够确保对竹片进行均匀的加热。
请再结合参照图1至图4，本发明一种竹材脱层成纤的制作方法，其是基于上述制作装置100实现的，且该制作方法的具体操作如下：
推动机具盖3使其滑动至右轨道段42，弹性件8被压缩；接着取竹片(未图示)并将其一一放置于机具座2的凹槽21中，确保竹片的竹黄贴于凹槽21的槽底，保留竹片5-8cm露于机具座2的凹槽21外，且露出的竹片部分位于机具座2的左侧即位于弧形段62之间；
之后机具盖3盖合于机具座2上，机具盖3上的凸条31压于竹片上，同时启动第一发热组22和第二发热组32，则第一发热组22和第二发热组32共同对竹片进行加热改性，加热温度为180～450°；
在竹片加热改性3-10分钟后，关闭第一发热组22和第二发热组32，将位于机具座2的左侧边缘的竹片部分的竹黄切断(具体可采用刻刀进行划刻以达到将竹黄切断的目的；且通常切断厚度为竹片厚度的1/25左右即可将竹黄切断)；然后开启动力源7驱动推压板5沿着推压轨道6滑动，且从下线性段61往上线性段63方向移动，在推压板5滑动的过程中，弯折部51先接触到竹片，并对竹片进行弯曲挤压，与此同时，竹片上竹黄切断的切断口在弯曲挤压的作用下向上弯曲反转，随着推压板5继续滑动，竹片被推压板5压于机具盖3的上表面，再随着推压板5的继续滑动被边推边压向机具盖3的尾端部方向移动，使竹片受到弯曲、挤压、拉伸的组合形变，纤维与基体慢慢分层和剥离，纤维束组织得以显现而从竹材组织中分离出来，使得竹材脱 层和裂解成纤，而竹片上竹黄切断的切断口处则因应力集中，从而使得竹黄从竹片中自然分离成竹片状体(即竹黄片)，竹黄片可用作燃料等用，即完成竹青竹黄的分离；
当推压板5滑动至完全位于上线性段63时，则一组竹片完成脱层成纤)，接着推压板5在动力源7的作用下回到原始位置即上线性段61；最后取出分离出的竹纤维即可。
由上可知，本发明提供的是一种机械物理制取竹纤维的方法，其充分利用竹材各向异性及非均匀材料的特性，将其先行加热改性，然后强迫竹材翻边后沿带曲面33的机具盖3上沿运行，随着推压板5在推压轨道6在的滑动，迫使竹材受到拉伸、弯曲和挤压的组合变形破坏，导致竹材产生几何非线性大变形作用，其间竹材中纤维与基体组织出现裂纹，随着裂纹的不断扩展，纤维与基体分层和剥离，大量的纤维束组织得以显现而从竹材组织中分离出来实现竹材竹黄与竹青的完美脱层分离，即进行了脱层成纤的方式制取竹纤维(束)，且整个制作过程简单易行，大大提高了生产效率，降低了生产成本；另外，在实现竹黄与竹材结构脱层分离的同时，不仅生产纤维获得率高、生产过程环保无污染，而且使得竹材结构能受到均匀的挤压力和弯曲组合变形，使获得的竹纤维(束)具有弹性好，韧性佳，纤维细度、均匀性好突出的特点。此外，本发明一种竹材脱层成纤的制作装置，其结构相对简单，易于操作使用，且占地面积相对较小，易于推广应用。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种竹材脱层成纤的制作装置，其特征在于：该制作装置包括一机架、一机具座、一与机具座匹配盖合的机具盖、一机具盖轨道、一推压板、一推压轨道、一用以供推压板滑动的动力源、及至少一弹性件；
    所述机具座设于机架的中部，所述机具座的顶部设有复数个并列设置的凹槽和一第一发热组，所述第一发热组嵌于机具座内并位于凹槽下方；所述机具盖的底部设有复数个凸条和一第二发热组，所述凸条与凹槽数量一致并一一对应设置，所述第二发热组嵌于机具盖内并位于凸条上方；
    所述机具盖轨道、推压轨道分别设于机架上，所述机具盖滑配于机具盖轨道上，所述机具盖的左侧面为曲面，该曲面的半径为8～20mm，且该机具盖通过所述弹性件与机架的右端部衔接，所述推压板滑配于推压轨道上，所述动力源与推压板衔接；
    所述机具盖轨道包括从左至右设置的左轨道段和右轨道段，所述左轨道段沿着机具座设置并位于机具座上方；
    所述推压板的右端部向上抬升形成一弯折部，所述弯折部与推压板的夹角为100～150°；所述推压轨道包括从左至右设置的下线性段、弧形段和上线性段，所述下线性段位于凹槽的槽底下方，所述上线性段与下线性段通过该弧形段衔接，所述上线性段与左轨道段平行并位于左轨道段的上方；当推压板滑配于上线性段时，推压板的下表面与机具盖的上表面相贴合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种竹材脱层成纤的制作装置，其特征在于：所述推压板通过滑轮与动力源衔接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种竹材脱层成纤的制作装置，其特征在于：所述第一发热组由复数个均匀分布并与凹槽错位设置的第一发热片组成；所述第二发热组由复数个均匀分布并与凸条错位设置的第二发热片组成。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种竹材脱层成纤的制作装置，其特征在于：所述弹性件为压缩弹簧，所述压缩弹簧的一端衔接于机架的右端部上，所述压缩弹簧的另一端衔接于机具盖的右端部上。
  5. 一种竹材脱层成纤的制作方法，其特征在于：所述制作方法利用权利要求1所述的制作装置实现的，且该制作方法的具体操作如下：
    (1)、推动机具盖使其滑动至右轨道段，弹性件被压缩；接着取竹片并将其一一放置于机具座的凹槽中，确保竹片的竹黄贴于凹槽的槽底，保留竹片5-8cm露于机具座的凹槽外，且露出的竹片部分位于机具座的左侧；
    (2)、之后机具盖盖合于机具座上，机具盖上的凸条压于竹片上，同时启动第一发热组和第二发热组，则第一发热组和第二发热组共同对竹片进行加热改性，加热温度为180～450°；
    (3)、在竹片加热改性3-10分钟后，关闭第一发热组和第二发热组，将位于机具座的左侧边缘的竹片部分的竹黄切断；然后开启动力源驱动推压板沿着推压轨道滑动，且从下线性段往上线性段方向移动，在推压板滑动的过程中，竹片受到弯曲、挤压、拉伸的组合形变，纤维与基体慢慢分层和剥离，纤维束组织得以显现而从竹材组织中分离出来，完成竹青竹黄的分离；
    (4)当推压板滑动至完全位于上线性段时，则一组竹片完成脱层成纤，接着推压板在动力源的作用下回到原始位置即上线性段；最后取出分离出的竹纤维即可。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述一种竹材脱层成纤的制作方法，其特征在于：所述第一发热组由复数个均匀分布并与凹槽错位设置的第一发热片组成；所述第二发热组由复数个均匀分布并与凸条错位设置的第二发热片组成。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述一种竹材脱层成纤的制作方法，其特征在于：所述弹性件为压缩弹簧，所述压缩弹簧的一端衔接于机架的右端部上，所述压缩弹簧的另一端衔接于机具盖的右端部上。
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CN108943186A (zh) * 2018-07-27 2018-12-07 合肥右传媒科技有限公司 一种建筑施工用装饰板切割装置
CN109968473A (zh) * 2018-12-17 2019-07-05 谢启康 一种间歇性推料的长续航竹块分片机
CN109968473B (zh) * 2018-12-17 2021-06-04 谢启康 一种间歇性推料的竹块分片机
CN111748851A (zh) * 2020-06-30 2020-10-09 菏泽花谷企业管理有限公司 一种干燥效率高的竹炭纤维生产设备
CN111748851B (zh) * 2020-06-30 2021-08-13 义乌市巨界机械设备有限公司 一种干燥效率高的竹炭纤维生产设备

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