WO2018085962A1 - 一种碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子,其化学合成方法及其在基因治疗领域的应用 - Google Patents

一种碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子,其化学合成方法及其在基因治疗领域的应用 Download PDF

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WO2018085962A1
WO2018085962A1 PCT/CN2016/000712 CN2016000712W WO2018085962A1 WO 2018085962 A1 WO2018085962 A1 WO 2018085962A1 CN 2016000712 W CN2016000712 W CN 2016000712W WO 2018085962 A1 WO2018085962 A1 WO 2018085962A1
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base
formula
acetamid
glyceryl ether
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French (fr)
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杨振军
王超
孙晶
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北京大学
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D239/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
    • C07D239/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D239/24Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D239/28Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D239/46Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
    • C07D239/47One nitrogen atom and one oxygen or sulfur atom, e.g. cytosine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/22Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. ascorbic acid, tocopherol or pyrrolidones
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/127Liposomes
    • A61K9/1271Non-conventional liposomes, e.g. PEGylated liposomes, liposomes coated with polymers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/127Liposomes
    • A61K9/1271Non-conventional liposomes, e.g. PEGylated liposomes, liposomes coated with polymers
    • A61K9/1272Non-conventional liposomes, e.g. PEGylated liposomes, liposomes coated with polymers with substantial amounts of non-phosphatidyl, i.e. non-acylglycerophosphate, surfactants as bilayer-forming substances, e.g. cationic lipids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D239/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
    • C07D239/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D239/24Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D239/28Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D239/46Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
    • C07D239/52Two oxygen atoms
    • C07D239/54Two oxygen atoms as doubly bound oxygen atoms or as unsubstituted hydroxy radicals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/87Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2310/00Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/10Type of nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/11Antisense

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  • the invention relates to a base acetamid glyceryl ether molecule and a chemical synthesis method thereof.
  • the invention also relates to the application of such base acetamid glyceryl ether molecules in the field of gene transfer, and such molecular structures have potential application prospects in the fields of biological materials and gene therapy.
  • the invention belongs to the field of novel biological materials.
  • nucleic acid drugs can regulate related physiological activities and behaviors at the genetic level, thereby fundamentally achieving the treatment and prevention of diseases.
  • nucleic acid drugs such as antisense nucleic acids, siRNAs, nucleic acid aptamers, etc.
  • gene therapy associated with them has been favored in recent decades.
  • nucleic acid drugs have great potential and application prospects, their obvious defects (poor stability, off-target effects, difficulty in transmembrane, etc.) hinder the further clinical application of nucleic acid drugs. Therefore, designing and constructing a system of nucleic acid drug delivery vehicles has become one of the focuses of current research.
  • Vectors that have been used for transmembrane transport of genes can be divided into two classes: viral vectors and non-viral vectors.
  • Viral vectors are highly efficient in transfecting genes, but preparation is difficult, and may cause cell mutation or even cancer, and toxic side effects are difficult to control. Most of the non-viral vectors are artificially synthesized. Although the transfection efficiency is relatively poor, but the variety is numerous and the structural performance is controllable, it is widely used in gene delivery.
  • Non-viral vectors that have been used for gene delivery include cationic liposomes, cationic polymers, nanoparticles, and the like (Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 259-302).
  • Cationic liposome is the most widely used non-viral gene carrier. It consists of amphiphilic part. The cationic group acts as a polar head and the aliphatic long chain acts as a non-polar tail. It relies on the Coulomb force between positive and negative charges.
  • the combination of nucleic acids enables efficient encapsulation of nucleic acids.
  • cationic liposomes have high cytotoxicity and serum toxicity due to the negative charge on the surface of the cell membrane and the large amount of electronegative proteins in the serum.
  • due to the strong electrical effect cationic liposomes bind tightly to nucleic acids and are difficult to release effectively after transmembrane (Biomaterials 2008, 29, 3477-3496). In order to avoid the defects of cationic liposome, it is very important to construct a novel carrier and use other forces instead of electrical effects to realize the binding of liposomes to nucleic acids.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a class of base acetamid glyceryl ether molecules
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a chemical synthesis method of the above base acetamid glyceryl ether molecule
  • the third object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above base acetamid glyceryl ether molecule in the field of gene therapy.
  • the base contained in the above base acetamid glyceryl ether molecule is a common natural purine and pyrimidine base, ie, adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, cytosine, thymus. Pyrimidine and uracil.
  • the long chain of fat contained in the above base acetamid glyceryl ether molecule that is, the R group in the formula (I), is an aliphatic carbon chain which is saturated or unsaturated between 8 carbons and 25 carbons in length.
  • a chemical synthesis method for preparing the above-mentioned base acetamid glyceryl ether molecule which comprises a base-1-acetic acid activated derivative represented by formula (II) and 2, 3 represented by formula (III) -Dialkoxy-1-propylamine is a raw material which is reacted in an organic solvent to obtain a base acetamid glyceryl ether molecule.
  • 2,3-dialkoxy-1-propylamine as shown in formula (III), the R group of which is between 8 carbons and 25 carbons in length, saturated or unsaturated fat Family carbon chain.
  • the above chemical synthesis method comprises the steps of: (i) commercially purchasing or preparing a base-1-acetic acid activated derivative represented by the formula (II), a 2,3-dioxane represented by the formula (III), from a simple raw material. Oxy-1-propylamine; (ii) a base-1-acetic acid activating derivative as shown in formula (II), 2,3-dialkoxy-1-propylamine as shown in formula (III) The reaction is carried out directly in an organic solvent or by adding a base or an ester condensation catalyst to obtain a target product as shown in the formula (I).
  • the base-1-acetic acid-activated derivative represented by the formula (II) is gradually synthesized from a base; preferably, the carboxyl group is activated by N-hydroxysuccinimide.
  • the 2,3-dialkoxy-1-propylamine represented by the formula (III) is gradually synthesized from glycerin and a long-chain aliphatic alcohol or a long-chain aliphatic alkyl bromide, and the synthetic route is shown in FIG.
  • the solvent used in the step (ii) is acetonitrile, or N,N-dimethylformamide, or N-methylpyrrolidine, or dichloromethane, or dichloroethane, or tetrahydrofuran, or benzene. Or other aprotic solvent; preferably, N,N-dimethylformamide is used as a solvent.
  • Addition of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, or triethylamine, or pyridine, or potassium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide, is required for the reaction.
  • 4-dimethylaminopyridine is added as a catalyst, and pyridine or triethylamine is added as an organic base.
  • the base acetamid glyceryl ether molecule according to any one of the above, in the preparation of a substance having a supramolecular structure, preferably, the supramolecular structure is a liposome.
  • the molecule can be assembled into a supramolecular structure such as a liposome by a certain preparation method.
  • the above base acetamid glyceryl ether molecules are used in the field of gene therapy, particularly in the preparation of transfection reagents for gene therapy.
  • the compounds of the invention have no significant cytotoxicity.
  • the compound has a base containing a base which can bind to the nucleic acid by hydrogen bonding and electron cloud ⁇ - ⁇ stacking.
  • These compounds have a hydrophilic and lipophilic amphiphilic structure, can be assembled into a supramolecular structure such as a liposome in an aqueous solution, have a transmembrane ability, and can be used as a gene carrier to carry a nucleic acid drug into a cell membrane. Therefore, it can become a highly efficient biomaterial for agglomerating, trapping, carrying, carrying nucleic acid drugs, or mediating the transmembrane of nucleic acid drugs, and has broad application prospects in the field of gene therapy.
  • the present invention can achieve the advantage of providing a class of base acetamid glyceryl ether molecules which are amphiphilic and capable of forming a liposome structure in an aqueous solution.
  • the molecule has a base in its head that can pass hydrogen bonding and Electron cloud ⁇ ;- ⁇ stacking binds nucleic acids and carries nucleic acids across the membrane, thus being a highly efficient biomaterial with great potential.
  • the raw materials used in the synthesis method provided by the invention are cheap and easy to obtain, and the synthesis method is simple and efficient.
  • Such molecules have no obvious cytotoxicity, can form a liposome structure in an aqueous phase solvent, are simple to prepare, have good transmembrane carrying capacity of nucleic acids, and have potential drug development prospects.
  • Figure 1 is a chemical structure of two base glyceryl acetate ether ester molecules
  • Figure 2 is a synthetic route of 2,3-di(oleyloxy)-1-propanamine
  • Figure 3 is a synthetic route of the base acetamid glyceryl ether molecule DNTA;
  • Figure 4 is a synthetic route of the base acetamid glyceryl ether molecule DNCA;
  • Figure 5 is a scanning electron microscope observation of DNTA (c, d) and DNCA (a, b) liposomes;
  • Figure 6 shows the growth inhibition rate of CCK8 cells in the 24 hour (left) and 72 hours (right) base glycerol ether ester molecules DNCA and DNTA;
  • Figure 7 shows the results of cell transfection of DNTA and DNCA liposomes against FAM-polyA and FAM-polyG;
  • Figure 8 shows the results of uptake of the antisense nucleic acid Cenersen by MCF-7 cells.
  • the invention is further illustrated by the synthetic route of the compound of the formula (I) according to the invention, and the various supramolecular structures formed thereof, in combination with specific examples, without limiting the scope of the invention.
  • the aqueous phase was back extracted with DCM (250 mL x 2) then the organic phases were combined.
  • the combined organic phases were washed with 1N hydrochloric acid (250mL), 10% NaHCO 3 solution (250 mL) and saturated brine (250 mL) was washed, dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4.
  • the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (150mL ⁇ 3), combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and silica gel column chromatography, to obtain 6.1 g of the desired product, 31% yield. Further, 3.7 g of 1-triphenylmethoxy-3-oleyl alcohol-glycerol-2-ol was obtained in a yield of 27%.
  • the target product was a pale yellow liquid.
  • Thymine (10.0 g, 79.3 mmol) was suspended in H 2 O (150 mL), and KOH aqueous solution (50 mL, 3.6 M) was added. After the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min, the solution gradually became clear. Then, chloroacetic acid (15.0 g, 159 mmol) was added thereto, and the reaction solution was heated to reflux for 90 min. After the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, it was acidified to pH 3 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, and then stood at 4 ° C overnight to precipitate a white crystalline precipitate. The precipitate was filtered to give a white crystalline, P 2 O 5 was dried in vacuo to give 4.5 g of the desired product (yield 31%).
  • the reaction system was heated to 60 ° C, then diphenylmethanol (2 x 1.825 g, 9.9 mmol, 0.12 eq) was added in two portions at intervals, and the reaction was continued for 6 hours. The reaction was quenched for 12 hours and quenched by the addition of methanol (4.65 g, 115 mmol, 1.4 eq).
  • the base acetamid glyceryl ether molecule has an amphiphilic structure and can be prepared into a supramolecular structure such as a liposome.
  • DNTA DNTA
  • methanol 1 mL
  • PBS 100 ⁇ L
  • the neutral base lipid carrier molecules DNCA and DNTA can form stable and uniform nanoparticles in aqueous solution, and the size of the DNTA molecules formed by self-assembly in water is about 150 nm. The size of the liposome formed by self assembly of DNCA carrier molecules in water is around 180 nm (Fig. 5).
  • Base acetamid glyceryl ether molecules should be used as novel biomaterials in the field of gene therapy, and they must have good biocompatibility.
  • Two base acetamid glyceryl ether compounds were studied for cytotoxicity (by DOCA and DOTA) by CCK-8 kit. The results showed that the two compounds (DNTA, DNCA) had no obvious cytotoxicity.
  • the cell survival rate was close to 100%, indicating that it has good biocompatibility (Fig. 6).
  • FAM-labeled polyA/G was used as a template to study the nucleic acid transfection ability of thymine base acetamid glyceryl ether.
  • the specific coating and transfection process is as follows:
  • a DNTA or DNCA liposome was formulated as a mixed solution with FAM-polyA or FAM-polyG at a base ratio of 5/1. Heat to 96 ° C, then gradually reduce to 4 ° C (annealing), and place at 4 ° C for 2 days.
  • the cells used in the transfection experiments were Hela cells.
  • the sample was diluted in an appropriate amount of opti-MEM, pipetted and mixed, and 20 ⁇ L of the mixed solution was added to each well to make a final concentration of FAM-polyA or FAM-polyG of 100 nM.
  • the DNA-free and DNA-only wells were used as two negative controls, and the transfection reagent Lipofectamine 2000-DNA complex (transfection reagent and DNA group addition method according to protocol) was added as a positive control;
  • Figure 7 shows the transfection results of DNTA liposomes and DNCA liposomes against FAM-polyA/G.
  • the experimental results show that DNTA liposomes as well as DNCA liposomes can successfully transport FAM-polyA into cells.
  • the procedure was the same as the DNCA and DNTA-packed PolyG/PolyA transfection experiments (by DOCA and DOTA), and the cell line selected MCF-7 cell line.
  • Figure 8 shows the effect of DNTA liposomes and DNCA liposomes on the uptake of antisense nucleic acid Cenersen by MCF-7 cells.
  • the experimental results showed that DNTA liposome and DNCA liposome could significantly increase the uptake ability of MCF-7 cells to antisense nucleic acid Cenersen compared with the blank group and DOCA/DOTA liposome group.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子,其化学合成方法及其在基因转运中的应用。该分子具有如式(I)所示的两亲性结构,即以碱基-1-乙酸为亲水性头部,通过酰胺键连接作为疏水性尾部的甘油脂肪醚,形成一个两亲性分子。其中Base基团为常见的天然嘌呤和嘧啶碱基,R基团为饱和或不饱和的脂肪族碳链。该化合物可以通过碱基-1-乙酸的活化衍生物与2,3-二烷氧基-1-丙胺反应制得,原料廉价,合成方法简单。该化合物可制备成脂质体等超分子结构,且没有明显的细胞毒性,其头部的碱基能够结合核酸,并运载核酸进入细胞膜。因而,该化合物具有成为新型非阳离子基因载体的潜力,在基因治疗领域将得到广泛应用。

Description

一种碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子,其化学合成方法及其在基因治疗领域的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子及其化学合成方法。本发明还涉及这类碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子在基因转运领域的应用,这类分子结构在生物材料及基因治疗领域有潜在的应用前景。本发明属于新型生物材料领域。
背景技术
相对于传统的以蛋白为靶点的小分子药物来讲,核酸药物可以从基因水平上调控相关的生理活动和行为,进而从根本上实现对疾病的治疗和预防。随着核酸药物(如反义核酸、siRNA、核酸适配体等)研究的飞速发展,与其相关的基因治疗在最近数十年间受到青睐。虽然核酸药物具有巨大的潜力和应用前景,但其明显的缺陷(稳定性差、脱靶效应、难以跨膜等)阻碍着核酸药物在临床上的进一步应用。因此,设计并构建系统的核酸药物递送载体成为当前研究的重点之一。
已经用于基因跨膜转运的载体可以分为两类:病毒类载体和非病毒类载体。病毒类载体转染基因的效率较高,但是制备比较困难,并且可能导致机体细胞突变甚至癌变,毒副作用难以控制。非病毒类载体大多为人工合成,虽然转染效率相对较差,但是种类繁多,结构性能可控,所以在基因运载中应用非常广泛。已经用作基因转运的非病毒类载体包括阳离子脂质体、阳离子聚合物、纳米粒子等(Chem.Rev.2009,109,259-302)。
阳离子脂质体是应用最为广泛的非病毒类基因载体,由两亲性部分组成,阳离子基团作为极性头部,脂肪族长链作为非极性尾部,依靠正负电荷间的库仑力作用与核酸相结合,能够有效地包载核酸。但是由于细胞膜表面带有负电荷,而且血清中也含有大量的电负性蛋白,所以阳离子脂质体具有较高的细胞毒性和血清毒性。另外,由于电性作用较强,阳离子脂质体与核酸结合比较紧密,跨膜后难以有效释放(Biomaterials2008,29,3477-3496)。为了避免阳离子脂质体的缺陷,构建新型载体并利用其它作用力代替电性作用,实现脂质体与核酸的结合意义非常重要。
近年来,利用氢键作用构建基因转运载体越来越受到重视。Milani等(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2007,129,11664-11665)构建了一种核苷酸磷脂分子,利用腺嘌呤核苷作为极性头部,在5’-羟基位通过磷酸键连接脂肪酸甘油酯作为非极性的尾部。该核苷 酸磷脂分子在水溶液中能够形成有序排列的双层膜状结构,通过氢键作用包裹聚尿嘧啶核酸链。Toth等(Chem.Commun.2010,46,3140-3142)报道了一种以碱基作为头部,脂肪链作为尾部的新型分子,证实了其与核酸单链的氢键结合作用。Chabaud等(Bioconjugate Chem.2006,17,466-472)报道了一类带有核苷结构的阳离子脂质体,具有较好的基因转运效果。作者认为产生这种效果是因为碱基与核酸之间的氢键作用。Moreau等(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2004,126,7533-7539)也报道了一系列中性核苷核苷磷脂分子,这类分子在水溶液中能形成凝胶结构,起到诱捕DNA的效果。迄今未见依靠氢键结合作用的脂质体包载核酸跨膜转运的报道。
发明内容
本发明目的之一是提供一类碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子;
本发明目的之二是提供上述碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子的化学合成方法;
本发明目的之三是提供上述碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子在基因治疗领域的应用。
本发明上述目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子,其具有如式(I)所示的两亲性结构,即以碱基-1-乙酸为极性头部,以2,3-二烷氧基-1-丙胺为非极性尾部,两部分通过酰胺键连接,形成一个既具有亲水性也具有亲脂性的两亲性结构。
Figure PCTCN2016000712-appb-000001
上述碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子所含的碱基,即式(I)中的Base基团,为常见的天然嘌呤和嘧啶碱基,即腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、次黄嘌呤、胞嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶及尿嘧啶。
上述碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子所含的脂肪长链,即式(I)中的R基团,为长度在8个碳到25个碳之间,饱和或不饱和的脂肪族碳链。
一种制备上述碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子的化学合成方法,其特征在于,以如式(II)所示的碱基-1-乙酸活化衍生物及如式(III)所示的2,3-二烷氧基-1-丙胺为原料在有机溶剂中反应得到碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子。使用的如式(II)所示的碱基-1-乙酸活化衍生物,其R’基团为氯或N-氧基-琥珀酰亚胺等活化结构。使用的如式(III)所示的2,3-二烷氧基-1-丙胺,其R基团为长度在8个碳到25个碳之间,饱和或不饱和的脂肪 族碳链。
Figure PCTCN2016000712-appb-000002
上述化学合成方法包括以下步骤:(i)商业购买或者由简单原料制备如式(II)所示的碱基-1-乙酸活化衍生物、如式(III)所示的2,3-二烷氧基-1-丙胺;(ii)用如式(II)所示的碱基-1-乙酸活化衍生物、如式(III)所示的2,3-二烷氧基-1-丙胺在有机溶剂中直接反应,或者加入碱或酯缩合催化剂反应,得到如式(I)所示的目标产物。
在上述化学合成方法的步骤(ii)中,优选的,如式(II)所示的碱基-1-乙酸活化衍生物由碱基逐步合成;优选以N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺来活化羧基。如式(III)所示的2,3-二烷氧基-1-丙胺由甘油和长链脂肪醇或长链脂肪族烷基溴化物逐步合成,合成路线如图2所示。
在上述合成方法中,步骤(ii)所用溶剂是乙腈,或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,或N-甲基吡咯烷,或二氯甲烷,或二氯乙烷,或四氢呋喃,或苯,或其它非质子性溶剂;优选的,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂。以反应需要加入4-二甲氨基吡啶,或三乙胺,或吡啶、或氢氧化钾,或氢氧化钠等添加剂。优选的,加入4-二甲氨基吡啶作为催化剂,加入吡啶或者三乙胺作为有机碱。
以上任一项所述的碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子在制备具有超分子结构的物质中的应用,优选的,所述的超分子结构为脂质体。
由上述碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子在水相溶媒中所形成的超分子结构。通过一定的制备方法,该分子能够组装成脂质体等超分子结构。
上述碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子在基因治疗领域,特别是在制备用于基因治疗的转染试剂中的应用。实验证明,本发明的化合物没有明显的细胞毒性。该化合物头部含有碱基,可以通过氢键作用以及电子云π-π堆积作用结合核酸。这类化合物具有亲水性和亲脂性两亲性结构,能够在水溶液中组装成脂质体等超分子结构,具有跨细胞膜能力,可以用作基因载体,将核酸药物运载至细胞膜中。所以其能够成为凝聚、诱捕、承载、运载核酸类药物,或者介导核酸类药物跨膜的高效生物材料,在基因治疗领域具有广阔的应用前景。
本发明可以实现以下优点:提供了一类碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子,该类分子具有两亲性,能够在水溶液中形成脂质体结构。分子其头部含有碱基,可以通过氢键及 电子云π;-π堆积作用结合核酸,运载核酸跨膜,因此是具有很大潜力的高效生物材料。本发明提供的合成方法所用原料廉价易得,合成方法简单高效。这类分子没有明显的细胞毒性,在水相溶剂中可以形成脂质体结构,制备简单,具有良好的运载核酸跨膜能力,具有潜在的药物开发前景。
附图说明
图1为两种碱基乙酸甘油醚酯分子的化学结构;
图2为2,3-二(油醇氧基)-1-丙胺的合成路线;
图3为碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子DNTA的合成路线;
图4为碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子DNCA的合成路线;
图5为DNTA(c,d)以及DNCA(a,b)脂质体的扫描电子显微镜观察结果;
图6为碱基乙酸甘油醚酯类分子DNCA和DNTA在24小时(左)以及72小时(右)内对CCK8细胞的生长抑制率;
图7为DNTA以及DNCA脂质体对FAM-polyA及FAM-polyG的细胞转染结果;
图8为MCF-7细胞对反义核酸Cenersen的摄取结果。
具体实施方法
根据本发明中如式(I)所述化合物的合成路线,以及其所形成的多种超分子结构,并结合具体实施例对发明进行进一步说明,但并非限制本发明的范围。
实施例一、碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子的合成
[实施例1]油醇甲基磺酰酯的合成
将油醇(50g,纯度85%,158mmol)、Et3N(40mL,286mmol)加入到1L的圆底烧瓶中,加入DCM(500mL),置于冰浴上充分搅拌,使温度降为0℃。通过注射器向其中缓缓加入甲磺酰氯(16mL,206mmol),溶液变浑浊。之后撤去冰浴,使反应液慢慢回复至室温,继续搅拌12h。加入水(250mL)以淬灭反应,然后通过分液漏斗分离有机相。水相用DCM(250mL×2)反萃,然后合并有机相。合并后的有机相依次用1N盐酸(250mL)、10%NaHCO3水溶液(250mL)和饱和食盐水(250mL)洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥。有机相减压蒸干,残余物通过硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱剂:石油醚/乙酸乙酯=20/1,Rf=0.3),得到浅黄色油状液体44.3g,产率为81%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ5.30-5.43(m,2H),4.22(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),3.00(s,3H),1.90-2.10(m, 4H),1.70-1.80(m,2H),1.20-1.40(m,22H),0.88(t,J=6.8Hz,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ130.2,129.9,70.3,37.5,32.0,29.90,29.83,29.66,29.46,29.29,29.26,29.15,27.36,27.30,25.6,22.8,14.3;IR(neat)v2925.5,2854.5,1463.6,1355.9,1175.4,974.8,947.8,831.7,721.6,528.8;MS(ESI-TOF+)for C19H38O3SNa[M+Na]+found369.2315,calcd 369.2434;Anal.calcd for C19H38O3S:C 65.85,H 11.05,Found:C 65.63,H 10.98.
[实施例2]1-三苯基甲氧基甘油醇的合成
将甘油(40g,435mmol)、三苯基氯甲烷(30g,107mmol)、DMAP(300mg,2.46mmol)置于干燥的500mL圆底烧瓶中,加入THF(80mL)和Et3N(18mL),室温搅拌12h。向反应液中加入水(100mL)以淬灭反应,然后加入乙酸乙酯(150mL)稀释。充分震荡后,将混合液转移到分液漏斗中,分离有机相。水相用乙酸乙酯(100mL×2)萃取,然后合并有机相。合并后的有机相依次用饱和NaHCO3水溶液(200mL)、水(200mL)和饱和食盐水(200mL)洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥。过滤后,蒸干溶剂,得到黄色油状物。将其溶解到甲苯/正己烷(200mL,v/v=1/1)中,室温下放置24h,结晶出白色固体29g,产率为85%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.38-7.48(m,6H),7.20-7.35(m,9H),3.84(s,1H),3.63-3.71(m,1H),3.53-3.63(m,1H),3.20-3.28(m,2H),2.74(brs,1H),2.35(brs,1H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ143.8,128.7,128.0,127.3,87.1,71.3,65.1,64.4;IR(film,KBr)v 3380.8,3058.1,2920.0,2866.8,1490.0,1447.8,1081.5,1028.5,699.8;MS(EI)for C22H22O3[M]+found 334.5,calcd334.2;Anal.calcd for C22H22O3:C 79.02,H 6.63,Found:C 79.26,H 6.49.
[实施例3]1-三苯基甲基-2,3-二油醇醚-甘油的合成
将1-三苯基甲氧基-甘油-2,3-二醇(8g,23.1mmol)、KOH(3.3g,58.9mmol)和油醇对甲基磺酰酯(19.2g,55.42mmol)混合后溶于干燥的苯(150mL)溶液中,装备分水器,加热至80℃,回流32小时。之后向其中加入乙酸乙酯100mL和水150mL,萃取,分离有机相。水相用乙酸乙酯(150mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,无水Na2SO4干燥,蒸干溶剂后减压硅胶柱层析分离,得到目标产物6.1g,产率为31%。另得到1-三苯基甲氧基-3-油醇醚-甘油-2-醇3.7g,产率为27%。目标产物为淡黄色液体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.40-7.50(m,6H),7.18-7.32(m,9H),5.26-5.43(m,4H),3.50-3.60(m,5H),3.35-3.45(m,2H),3.12-3.20(m,2H),1.92-2.08(m,8H), 1.50-1.58(m,4H),1.26(brs,44H),0.88(t,J=6.6Hz,6H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ144.31,130.07,130.00,128.90,127.85,127.02,86.64,78.45,71.76,71.33,70.84,63.73,32.77,32.06,30.28,29.94,29.93,29.85,29.82,29.72,29.68,29.65,29.47,27.37,27.06,26.31,26.25,22.84,14.27;IR(film,KBr)v3004.4,2925.3,2854.1,1742.6,1597.7,1490.7,1450.0,1220.6,1118.7,763.9,745.0,704.1,632.8cm-1;MS(ESI-TOF+)for C58H90O3Na[M+Na]+found 857.9059,calcd 857.6782;Anal.calcd for C58H90O3:C83.39,H 10.86,Found:C 83.10,H 10.62.
[实施例4]1,2-二油醇醚-甘油-3-醇的合成
取1-三苯基甲基-2,3-二油醇醚-甘油(8.34g,10mmol)混悬于甲醇-四氢呋喃(100mL,v/v=1/1)混合溶液中,加入浓盐酸(2mL,12M),室温下搅拌2h。TLC检测发现原料已经完全反应。减压蒸干溶剂,向残余物中加入乙酸乙酯(50mL)和水(100mL),萃取后分离有机相。水相用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取,合并有机相,无水Na2SO4干燥。过滤除去干燥剂,减压蒸干溶剂,硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱剂:石油醚/乙酸乙酯=20/1,Rf=0.2),得到目标产物3.7g,产率62%。浅黄色油状液体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ5.30-5.45(m,4H),3.40-3.75(m,9H),2.18(s,1H),1.90-2.10(m,8H),1.55-1.65(m,4H),1.25-1.40(brs,44H),0.88(t,J=6.4Hz,6H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ130.10,129.97,78.39,72.00,71.07,70.54,63.27,32.06,30.23,29.92,29.85,29.81,29.77,29.67,29.65,29.60,29.47,29.41,27.36,26.25,22.83,14.25;IR(film,KBr)v 3470.1,3004.4,2925.4,2854.0,1651.2,1463.2,1376.2,1117.5,1041.3,968.0,721.9cm-1;MS(ESI-TOF+)for C39H76O3Na[M+Na]+found 615.7213,calcd 615.5687;Anal.calcd for C39H76O3:C 78.99,H 12.92,Found:C 78.72,H 12.68.
[实施例5]1,2-二油醇醚-3-甘油醇甲磺酸酯
取三乙胺(0.54mL,3.91mmol)、1,2-二油醇醚-甘油-3-醇(1.932g,3.26mmol)于25mL单口瓶中,加入干燥的二氯甲烷(5ml),磁力搅拌使其溶解,冰水浴使反应体系降温至0℃,逐滴加入甲磺酰氯(0.3mL,3.91mmol),0℃继续反应2小时。将反应体系加入到饱和的NaHCO3(50mL)溶液中,分离有机相,水相用CH2Cl2(2×50mL)萃取,合并有机相,无水Na2SO4干燥过夜。过滤除去干燥剂,减压蒸干溶剂,残余物用硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱剂:石油醚/甲醇=120/1),得到目标产物2.02mg(产率92.6%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ5.37(s,4H),4.40(d,J=10.9 Hz,1H),4.27(d,J=10.7,5.8Hz,1H),3.54(d,J=29.7,27.4,20.6Hz,8H),3.06(s,3H),2.03(d,J=5.2Hz,7H),1.58(s,4H),1.29(d,J=10.6Hz,44H),0.90(t,J=6.1Hz,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ127.93,127.27,77.34,77.22,77.02,76.70,76.38,71.90,70.83,69.08,37.40,32.62,31.92,29.95,29.78,29.71,29.59,29.54,29.52,29.33,29.28,27.23,26.08,26.02,22.70,14.13.MS(EI)for C40H78O5S[M+Na]+found 693.36,calcd 693.55;
[实施例6]1,2-二油醇醚-甘油-3-叠氮
取干燥的化合物1,2-二油醇醚-甘油-3-甲磺酸酯(970mg,1.44mmol)于25mL单口瓶中,加入干燥的DMF(8mL)溶液,磁力搅拌使其溶解,加入NaN3(188mg,2.88mmol)氩气保护,反应升温至70℃反应15小时。将反应液冷却至室温,加入丙酮(30mL)稀释,反应液用硅藻土过滤,滤液减压蒸干,残余物用硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱剂:石油醚/乙酸乙酯=200/1),得到无色油状目标产物345.5mg(产率56%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ5.37(s,4H),3.60-3.36(m,9H),2.31(s,1H),2.07-1.95(m,8H),1.59(d,J=8.3Hz,4H),1.30(d,J=10.8Hz,44H),0.90(s,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ129.89(d,J=10.6Hz),77.90(s),77.45-76.95(m),76.95-76.86(m),76.70(s),71.79(s),70.66(s),70.11(s),52.08(s),32.62(s),31.92(s),30.38-29.54(m),29.37(t,J=11.7Hz),27.22(s),26.07(d,J=7.5Hz),22.70(s),14.13(s).MS(EI)for C39H75N3O2[M+Na]+found 640.49,calcd 640.58.
[实施例7]1,2-二油醇醚-甘油-3-胺
将1,2-二油醇醚-甘油-3-叠氮(309mg,0.5mmol)加入到干燥的THF(10ml)中,磁力搅拌使其溶解,将溶液降温至0℃,加入LiAlH4(95mg,2.5mmol)氩气保护,反应45min后将溶液升温至室温,继续反应2.5h,加入饱和Na2SO4(0.7mL)溶液淬灭反应,反应液用硅藻土过滤,滤液减压蒸干,残余物硅胶柱柱层析分离(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/甲醇=50/1),得到目标产物233.5mg(产率79%)。淡黄色油状物。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=5.30-5.45(m,4H),3.40-3.75(m,9H),2.18(s,1H),1.90-2.10(m,8H),1.55-1.65(m,4H),1.25-1.40(brs,44H),0.88(t,J=6.4Hz,6H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ=130.10,129.97,78.39,72.00,71.07,70.54,63.27,32.06,30.23,29.92,29.85,29.81,29.77,29.67,29.65,29.60,29.47,29.41,27.36,26.25,22.83,14.25;MS(ESI-TOF+)for C39H77NO2[M-H]-found 590.75,calcd 591.60;
[实施例8](胸腺嘧啶-1-基)-乙酸的合成
将胸腺嘧啶(10.0g,79.3mmol)悬浮于H2O(150mL),向其中加入KOH水溶液(50mL,3.6M)。该混合物在室温下搅拌10min后,溶液逐渐变澄清。然后向其中加入氯乙酸(15.0g,159mmol),反应液加热回流90min。反应液冷却至室温后,用浓盐酸酸化至pH 3,然后在4℃下放置过夜,析出白色晶状沉淀。过滤得到该白色晶状沉淀,P2O5真空干燥,得到目标产物4.5g(产率31%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ13.11(s,1H),11.34(s,1H),7.50(s,1H),4.37(s,2H),1.75(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6):δ169.6,164.4,151.0,141.8,108.4,48.4,11.9;IR(film,KBr)v3180.2,3076.2,3027.0,2962.3,2835.8,1737.7,1708.4,1664.8,1631.9,1418.3,1356.3,1201.7,1147.0,829.8,566.9cm-1;MS(EI):m/z(%):184.1(39)[M+],95.9(100);Anal.Calcd for C7H8N2O4:C 45.66,H 4.38,N 15.21,Found:C 45.59,H 4.40,N 15.25.
[实施例9](胸腺嘧啶-1-基)-乙酰-(N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺)-酯的合成
向干燥的25mL茄形瓶中加入(胸腺嘧啶-1-基)-乙酸(3g,16.3mmol)和干燥的DMF(30mL),搅拌使其完全溶解。然后向其中加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(2.38g,21mmol)和N,N’-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,3.36g,16.3mmol)。室温搅拌过夜,析出大量白色沉淀。过滤除去沉淀,滤液减压蒸馏,然后将残余物复溶于DMF(5mL)中。向其中加入无水乙醚(30mL),析出白色固体。过滤得到该固体,真空干燥,得到目标产物4.6g(产率61%)。白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ11.52(s,1H),7.63(s,1H),4.96(s,2H),2.83(brs,4H),1.77(s,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6):δ169.8,165.0,164.2,150.7,140.8,109.3,46.4,25.5,11.9;IR(film,KBr)v3154.4,3003.4,2830.5,1827.4,1785.4,1739.8,1697.2,1467.8,1422.8,1382.8,1358.6,1213.7,1106.8,1065.1,793.9,651.3cm-1;MS(ESI-TOF+)for C11H11N3O6Na[M+Na]+found 304.0489,calcd 304.0540;Anal.Calcd for C11H11N3O6:C 46.98,H 3.94,N 14.94,Found:C 46.75,H 3.96,N 14.95.
[实施例10]1,2,-二(油烯基)-甘油-3-胺-(胸腺嘧啶-1-基)-乙酰酯的合成(DNTA,结构式如图1所示)
DNTA的合成路线如图3所示。
将(胸腺嘧啶-1-基)-乙酰-(N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺)-酯(280mg,1.0mmol)、1,2,-二(油烯基)-甘油-3-胺(709mg,1.2mmol)、DMPA(14.6mg,0.1mmol)、吡啶(0.4mL)和无水DMF(20mL)混合,氩气保护,室温搅拌过夜。向其中加入乙酸乙酯(200mL)稀 释,转移至分液漏斗中,依次用稀盐酸(0.1M)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液、水、饱和食盐水冲洗,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤除去干燥剂,滤液减压蒸干,残余物用硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/甲醇=50/1),得到目标产物537.5mg(产率71%)。淡黄色油状物。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.12(s,1H),7.09(s,1H),6.43(s,1H),5.38(d,J=18.8Hz,4H),4.31(s,2H),3.58(s,1H),3.52-3.42(m,6H),2.05-1.94(m,10H),1.60(s,4H),1.29(d,J=11.7Hz,45H),0.89(d,J=6.7Hz,6H).(ESI-MS)for C46H83N3O5[M-H]-found 756.61,calcd.757.23.13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ=167.54,163.69,150.61,140.18,130.13,129.98,111.38,76.35,72.03,70.89,69.97,65.77,48.60,32.06,29.93,29.78,29.67,29.61,29.48,27.37,26.19,14.25,12.45;(ESI-MS)for C46H83N3O5[M-H]-found 756.61,calcd.757.23.
[实施例11](4-N-(二苯甲氧羰基)-胞嘧啶)-1-乙酸的合成
取胞嘧啶(10.3g,90mmol,1.0eq)溶于DMF(90mL)中,加入叔丁醇钾(11.6g,103.5mmol,1.15eq),之后将反应体系加热至100℃反应2小时。将反应体系降温至10℃,分30分钟逐滴滴加2-溴乙酸苄酯(16.05mL,101mmol,1.12eq),滴加完毕后将反应体系升温至室温继续反应12小时,加入醋酸(5.9mL,103.5mmol,1.2eq)淬灭反,将反应液旋干。残余物重新悬浮于H2O(100mL)中,继续搅拌4小时后过滤,H2O(4x 150mL)洗涤,烘干后得到胞嘧啶-1-苄基乙酸20.6g。取胞嘧啶-1-苄基乙酸(20.6g,82mmol,1.0eq)溶于DMF(160mL)中,加入N,N′-羰基二咪唑(21.25g,131.25mmol,1.6eq)。TLC检测反应完全后加入甲醇,继续搅拌1.5小时,加入二苯甲醇(19.65g,106.5mmol,1.3eq)。将反应体系加热至60℃,之后分两批间隔1小时加入二苯基甲醇(2x 1.825g,9.9mmol,0.12eq),继续反应6小时。停止加热反应12小时,加入甲醇(4.65g,115mmol,1.4eq)淬灭反应。将反应液旋干,残余物继续用乙醇重结晶,之后甲醇(100mL)重结晶得到(4-N-(二苯甲氧羰基)-胞嘧啶)-1-醋酸盐29.35g。取(4-N-(二苯甲氧羰基)-胞嘧啶)-1-醋酸盐(29.35g,62.5mmol,1.0eq)溶于乙腈∶MeOH∶H2O∶EtOH(2∶2∶1∶1,350mL)混合溶液体系中,加热使化合物溶解,之后降温至0℃,加入LiOH·H2O(25.5g,0.61mol,9.7eq)的水溶液(196.8mL)。TLC检测发现反应完全后加入柠檬酸(58.5g,303.5,4.9eq)的水溶液(290mL)淬灭反应。得到[4-N-(二苯甲氧羰基)-胞嘧啶]-1-乙酸22.1g。1H NMR(400MHz,D6-DMSO,25℃)δ8.03-8.01(d,J=7.5,1H,C6),7.46(d,J=7.5,4H,Ph),7.38(t,J=7.5,4H,Ph),7.3(d,J=7.5,2H,Ph),6.96(d,J=7.5,1H,C5),6.82(s,1H,CH-(C6H5)2),4.50(s,2H, N-CH2-CO);13C NMR(100MHz,D6-DMSO,25℃)δ169.9,163.5,155.5,152.8,151.1,140.8,129.0,128.3,126.9,94.2,71.9,51.3;HRMS(ESI)calculated for C20H17N3O5:(M+Na+):402.1060,found:402.1010.
[实施例12]1,2,-二(油烯基)-甘油-3-胺-(胞嘧啶-1-基)-乙酰酯的合成(DNCA,结构式如图1所示)DNCA的合成路线如图4所示。
向干燥的25mL茄形瓶中加入(4-N-(二苯甲氧羰基)-胞嘧啶)-1-乙酸(3.29g,10mmol)和干燥的DMF(30mL),搅拌使其完全溶解。然后向其中加入N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(14.73g,13mmol)和N,N’-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,2.06g,10mmol)。室温搅拌过夜,析出大量白色沉淀。过滤除去沉淀,滤液减压蒸馏,然后将残余物复溶于DMF(5mL)中。向其中加入无水乙醚(30mL),析出白色固体。过滤得到该固体,真空干燥,得到目标产物2.62g(产率55%)。白色固体。将(4-N-(二苯甲氧羰基)-胞嘧啶)-(N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺)-酯(476mg,1.0mmol)、1,2,-二(油烯基)-甘油-3-胺(910mg,1.2mmol)、DMPA(14.6mg,0.1mmol)、吡啶(0.4mL)和无水DMF(20mL)混合,氩气保护,室温搅拌过夜。向其中加入乙酸乙酯(200mL)稀释,转移至分液漏斗中,依次用稀盐酸(0.1M)、饱和NaHCO3水溶液、水、饱和食盐水冲洗,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤除去干燥剂,滤液减压蒸干,残余物用硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/甲醇=50/1),得到目标产物485.5mg(产率51%)。将1,2,-二(油烯基)-甘油-3-胺-(4-N-(二苯甲氧羰基)-胞嘧啶)-乙酰酯(476mg,0.5mmol)溶于5%TFA的CH2Cl2(20mL)中,室温搅拌0.5小时。加入DCM(30mL)和水(30mL)萃取分液,水相用DCM(2x30mL)进行反萃,合并有机相。有机相依次用10%NaHCO3(200mL)、水(200mL)和饱和食盐水(200mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥过夜。减压蒸干有机溶剂,硅胶色谱柱分离(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/甲醇=50/1),得到目标产物345mg(产率93%)DNCA:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.44-7.29(m,4H),5.80(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),5.37(dd,J=12.0,7.4Hz,4H),4.45(s,2H),3.59-3.40(m,7H),2.11-1.91(m,8H),1.55(s,4H),1.44-1.10(m,45H),0.90(t,J=6.4Hz,6H).(ESI-MS)for C45H82N4O4[M+H]+found743.50,[M+Na]+found 756.44.calcd.742.21.
实施例二、碱基乙酰胺甘油醚的脂质体制备
碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子具有两亲性结构,可以制备成脂质体等超分子结构。以DNTA为例,其脂质体制备方法是:取DNTA(1.18mg,1.56μmol)溶于甲醇(1mL) 溶液中,涡旋使其充分溶解,离心后取DNTA的甲醇溶液(12.8μL)加入200μL离心管中,加入PBS(100μL)后涡旋(10s)使其充分混匀。将其置于PCR中程序退火。程序:95℃加热10分钟,每5钟降温5℃,直至15℃,之后4℃保存。退火完成后置于40℃孵育30min,是甲醇完全挥发掉,得到其脂质体溶液。
颗粒度及其形态:
在投射电子显微镜(TEM)下可以看到中性碱基脂质载体分子DNCA和DNTA可以在水溶液中形成稳定均一的纳米颗粒,DNTA分子在水中自行组装形成的脂质体粒径在150nm左右,DNCA载体分子在水中自行组装形成的脂质体粒径在180nm左右(图5)。
实施例三、碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子在基因治疗领域的应用
1.碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子的细胞毒性
碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子要作为新型的生物材料,实现在基因治疗领域的应用,其本身必须具有良好的生物兼容性。两种碱基乙酰胺甘油醚化合物,通过CCK-8试剂盒研究了其细胞毒性(以DOCA和DOTA为比对),结果显示这两种化合物(DNTA、DNCA)都没有明显的细胞毒性。在60μM浓度,加入碱基乙酰胺甘油醚化合物72小时后,细胞生存率均接近100%,显示其具有良好的生物兼容性(图6)。
2.对核酸的转染
以DNTA和DNCA为例,FAM标记的polyA/G为模板,研究了胸腺嘧啶碱基乙酰胺甘油醚的核酸转染能力。具体的包被与转染过程如下:
将DNTA或DNCA脂质体与FAM-polyA或FAM-polyG以5/1的碱基比配制成混合溶液。加热至96℃,然后逐级递减至4℃(退火),在4℃放置2天。转染实验所用细胞为Hela细胞。
(1)铺板:六孔板中加入30万细胞,每孔体积为1.8mL;
(2)18-24h后,将样品稀释于适量opti-MEM中,移液枪吹打混匀,每孔加入20μL该混合溶液使FAM-polyA或FAM-polyG终浓度为100nM。不加DNA和只加入DNA的孔作为两种阴性对照,加入转染试剂Lipofectamine 2000-DNA复合物(转染试剂与DNA组加入的方法按protocol进行)为阳性对照;
(3)用500μLPBS洗涤三次;
(4)4h后,吸去培养孔中液体,加入250μL5%胰蛋白酶消化后,置于1.5mLEP管中,加入含4%多聚甲醛固定细胞15min;
(5)离心,弃上清,加400μLPBS;
(6)用流式细胞仪检测荧光强度;
图7显示了DNTA脂质体以及DNCA脂质体对FAM-polyA/G的转染结果。实验结果表明,DNTA脂质体以及DNCA脂质体能够成功地将FAM-polyA运载至细胞内。
3.反义核酸摄取实验
步骤同DNCA及DNTA包载PolyG/PolyA转染实验(以DOCA和DOTA为比对),细胞系选择MCF-7细胞系。
图8显示了DNTA脂质体以及DNCA脂质体对MCF-7细胞对反义核酸Cenersen摄取的影响。实验结果表明,相较于空白组和DOCA/DOTA脂质体组,DNTA脂质体以及DNCA脂质体能够明显提高MCF-7细胞对反义核酸Cenersen的摄取能力。
本发明显示并详细描述的信息足以实现本发明的上述目的,因此本发明的优选实施方案代表本发明的主题,该主题为本发明所广泛涵盖。本发明的范围完全涵盖其它对本领域技术人员来说显而易见的实施方案,因此,本发明的范围不被除所附权利要求之外的任何内容所限制,其中除了明确说明外,所用元素的单数形式并不是指“一个和唯一”,而是指“一个或更多”。对本领域一般技术人员来说,所有公知的上述优选的实施方案和附加实施方案部分的结构、组成和功能上的等价物因此引入本文作参考,而且试图被本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
此外,不需要某种设备或方法来表达本发明所解决的每个问题,因为它们都已包括在本发明的权利要求之内。另外,无论本发明公开事实中的所有部分、成分,或者方法步骤是否在权利要求中被明确叙述,它们都没有贡献给公众。但是,对本领域普通技术人员来说,很明显在不背离如所附权利要求中所阐明的本发明的实质和范围的前提下,可以在形式、试剂和合成细节上做出各种改变和修饰。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子,其特征在于具有如式(I)所示的两亲性结构,即以碱基-1-乙酸为极性头部,以2,3-二烷氧基-1-丙胺为非极性尾部,两部分通过酰胺键连接,形成一个既具有亲水性也具有亲脂性的两亲性结构:
    Figure PCTCN2016000712-appb-100001
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子,其特征在于,其所含碱基,即式(I)中的Base基团,为常见的天然嘌呤和嘧啶碱基,即腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、次黄嘌呤、胞嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶及尿嘧啶。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子,其特征在于,其所含脂肪长链,即式(I)中的R基团,为长度在8个碳到25个碳之间,饱和或不饱和的脂肪族碳链。
  4. 一种制备如权利要求1至3任一项所述碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子的化学合成方法,其特征在于,以如式(II)所示碱基-1-乙酸活化衍生物、如式(III)所示的2,3-二烷氧基-1-丙胺原料,反应制得如权利要求1至3任一项中式(I)所示的碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子;
    Figure PCTCN2016000712-appb-100002
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的化学合成方法,其特征在于,使用的如式(II)所示的碱基-1-乙酸活化衍生物,其R’基团为氯或N-氧基-琥珀酰亚胺;使用的如式(III)所示的2,3-二烷氧基-1-丙胺,其R基团为长度在8个碳到25个碳之间,饱和或不饱和的脂肪族碳链。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的化学合成方法,其特征在于,其包括以下步骤:(i)商业购买或者由简单原料制备如式(II)所示的碱基-1-乙酸活化衍生物、如式(III)所 示的2,3-二烷氧基-1-丙胺;(ii)用如式(II)所示的碱基-1-乙酸活化衍生物、如式(III)所示的2,3-二烷氧基-1-丙胺在有机溶剂中反应,或者加入碱或酯缩合催化剂反应,得到如式(I)所示的目标产物。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(ii)所用有机溶剂选自乙腈,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,N-甲基吡咯烷,二氯甲烷,二氯乙烷,四氢呋喃,苯或其它非质子性溶剂中的一种或几种的混合。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(ii)中加入4-二甲氨基吡啶,三乙胺,吡啶、氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠中的一种或几种作为添加剂,优选的,加入4-二甲氨基吡啶作为催化剂,加入吡啶或者三乙胺作为有机碱。
  9. 权利要求1至3任一项所述的碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子在制备具有超分子结构的物质中的应用,优选的,所述的超分子结构为脂质体。
  10. 权利要求1至3任一项所述的碱基乙酰胺甘油醚分子在制备用于基因治疗的转染试剂中的应用。
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