WO2018082427A1 - 列车车窗结构及具有其的列车 - Google Patents

列车车窗结构及具有其的列车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018082427A1
WO2018082427A1 PCT/CN2017/104995 CN2017104995W WO2018082427A1 WO 2018082427 A1 WO2018082427 A1 WO 2018082427A1 CN 2017104995 W CN2017104995 W CN 2017104995W WO 2018082427 A1 WO2018082427 A1 WO 2018082427A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass
train
window structure
window
disposed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/104995
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丁叁叁
贾亚丽
毛开楠
高鹏
王山山
曾宇
李忠
刘玉文
王振中
Original Assignee
中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201610958865.8A external-priority patent/CN106396429A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610961929.XA external-priority patent/CN106494439A/zh
Application filed by 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 filed Critical 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
Priority to US16/327,004 priority Critical patent/US11447165B2/en
Priority to EP17866791.1A priority patent/EP3489106B1/en
Priority to AU2017352687A priority patent/AU2017352687B2/en
Publication of WO2018082427A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018082427A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
    • B61L15/009—On-board display devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
    • B32B17/10302—Edge sealing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
    • B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10752—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polycarbonate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D25/00—Window arrangements peculiar to rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K5/00—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
    • H05K5/0017—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus with operator interface units
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F21/00—Mobile visual advertising
    • G09F21/04—Mobile visual advertising by land vehicles
    • G09F21/049—Mobile visual advertising by land vehicles giving information to passengers inside the vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/33—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes
    • G09F9/335—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes being organic light emitting diodes [OLED]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of locomotive technology, and in particular to a train window structure and a train therewith.
  • the side windows of the train only have the effect of being viewed from outside or inward. Moreover, due to the existence of the window, when other equipment needs to be installed in the vehicle, it cannot be set at the window, which causes waste of the area where the window is located.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a train window structure and a train therewith to solve the problem of single function of the train window in the prior art.
  • a train window structure comprising: a window sash; a window glass, the window glass is disposed on the window sash, the window
  • the interior of the glass has a hollow structure; a display is disposed within the hollow structure and is used to display information on the window glass.
  • the display includes a light emitting panel that cooperates with the window glass.
  • the light emitting panel includes an OLED panel.
  • the window glass comprises: an outer layer glass and an inner layer glass, the outer layer glass and the inner layer glass are oppositely disposed, and a hollow structure is formed between the outer layer glass and the inner layer glass.
  • the train window structure further includes: a connecting member disposed on the window sash, the outer glass and the inner glass being connected by the connecting member.
  • the train window structure further includes: a first sealant disposed in the hollow structure to seal the joint between the outer glass and the inner glass.
  • the window sash has a first stop rib, the first end of the connecting member abuts the first stop rib, the inner glass is disposed on the first end of the connecting member, and the outer glass is disposed on the connecting On the second end of the piece.
  • the window sash has a second stop rib, the second stop rib is disposed away from the inner glass, and a sealing groove is formed between the second stop rib and the first stop rib.
  • the train window structure further includes: a second sealant disposed in the seal card slot to seal a gap formed between the first stop rib and the inner layer glass.
  • a train that includes the train window structure described above.
  • the train window structure of the present invention has a display, it can be displayed through a display in the hollow structure to provide information for passengers, and the function of the train window is more abundant.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram showing an embodiment of a train window of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a portion of the window of the train window of the present invention with a portion of the window glass removed;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a train window of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a view schematically showing the structure of a display case in the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a view schematically showing the structure of a train window and a display in the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a window pane according to the invention.
  • window glass 21, hollow structure; 22, outer glass; 221, first polycarbonate plate; 222, second polycarbonate plate; 23, inner glass; 24, light-emitting panel; ;
  • spatially relative terms such as “above”, “above”, “on top”, “above”, etc., may be used herein to describe as in the drawings.
  • the exemplary term “above” can include both “over” and "under”.
  • the device can also be rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations in other different ways, and the relative description of the space used herein is interpreted accordingly.
  • a train window structure that includes a window sash 10, a window glass 20, and a display, wherein the window glass 20 Provided on the window sash 10, the interior of the window glass 20 has a hollow structure 21; the display is disposed within the hollow structure 21 and is used to display information on the window glass 20.
  • the train window structure of the present invention is in operation, it is displayed through the display in the hollow structure 21 to provide information to the passengers, and the function of the train window is more abundant.
  • the display of the present invention includes a light-emitting panel 24 that cooperates with the window glass 20.
  • the light-emitting panel 24 is attached to the window glass, that is, there is no gap between the display and the window glass 20, thereby preventing the display from colliding with the window glass during the running of the train.
  • the light-emitting panel 24 of the present invention includes an OLED panel.
  • the display in the present invention is in a transparent state under a normal state, that is, in a no-signal state, and the passenger can cleanly view the outdoor scene.
  • the display displays the related content.
  • the window glass 20 of the present invention comprises an outer layer glass 22 and an inner layer glass 23, and the outer layer glass 22 and the inner layer glass 23 are disposed opposite each other, and the outer layer glass 22 is provided.
  • a hollow structure 21 is formed with the inner glass 23.
  • the train window structure of the present invention further includes a connecting member 30 disposed on the window sash 10, the outer glass 22 and the inner The layer glass 23 is connected by a connecting member 30. At the time of installation, the worker connects the outer glass 22 and the inner glass 23 together through the joint member 30.
  • the train window structure further includes a first sealant 40 disposed on the hollow structure.
  • the joint between the outer layer glass 22 and the inner layer glass 23 is sealed in 21 .
  • the sealant further connects the inner glass 23 to the outer glass 22, and further fixes the display while introducing external impurities such as water or the like into the hollow structure.
  • the window sash 10 of the present invention has a first stop rib 11 , and the first end of the connecting member 30 abuts the first stop rib 11 ,
  • the inner glass 23 is disposed on the first end of the connector 30, and the outer glass 22 is disposed on the second end of the connector 30.
  • the window sash 10 of the present invention fixes the outer glass 22 and the inner glass 23, and the movement of the connecting member 30 is restricted by the first stop rib 11 to make the outer glass 22 and the inner glass 23 stronger. installation.
  • the train window structure of the present invention further includes a second sealant 50 which is further sealed by the second sealant 50.
  • the window sash 10 of the present invention has a second stop rib 12, the second stop rib 12 is disposed away from the inner layer glass 23, and the second stop rib 12 is first A sealing groove 13 is formed between the stop ribs 11.
  • the second sealant 50 in the present invention is disposed in the seal card slot 13 to seal the gap formed between the first stopper rib 11 and the inner layer glass 23.
  • the second sealant 50 in the present invention is a sealing rubber strip, and of course, other means for satisfying the sealing effect of the second sealant of the present invention may be used.
  • the display case in the present invention includes a terminal 60 for transmitting data and a power supply line for transmitting electric power, wherein the power supply line 70 is disposed adjacent to the grounding line appearing position 80, the power switch 90, and the flat line 91.
  • the display in the present invention is in a transparent state under normal conditions, that is, in a no-signal state, and the passenger can cleanly view the outdoor scene.
  • the display displays multimedia video, animation, advertisement, and the like. Text information such as train speed and arrival information.
  • the window display screen is large, the display information is rich, and the interior space is effectively utilized.
  • a glass structure is provided for use on a vehicle window.
  • the glass structure includes an outer layer glass 22, an inner layer glass 23, and a weather strip 25.
  • the outer layer glass 22 is disposed opposite to the inner layer glass 23, and the outer layer glass 22 is disposed at a distance from the inner layer glass 23.
  • the outer glass 22 and the inner glass 23 are connected by a weather strip 25, and a hollow structure 21 is formed between the weather strip 25 and the outer glass 22 and the inner glass 23.
  • the weather strip 25 in this embodiment corresponds to the first sealant 40 in the above embodiment.
  • the outer surface of the outer layer glass 22 is provided with a layer of self-cleaning material.
  • the glass structure has a self-cleaning function, which reduces the difficulty of cleaning the glass, reduces the workload of regularly cleaning the glass surface, and saves the increasingly scarce water resources.
  • the outer glass 22 includes a first polycarbonate plate 221, the first polycarbonate plate 221 is disposed opposite to the inner glass 23, and the self-cleaning material layer is disposed on the outer surface of the first polycarbonate plate 221.
  • the outer cover glass 22 adopts the first polycarbonate plate 221 to effectively reduce the thickness of the outer cover glass 22, so that the outer cover glass 22 has better sound insulation and heat insulation properties.
  • the outer glass 22 also includes a PVB film layer and a second polycarbonate sheet 222.
  • One surface of the PVB film layer is connected to the inner surface of the first polycarbonate sheet 221, the other surface of the PVB film layer is connected to the second polycarbonate sheet 222, and the second polycarbonate sheet 222 is passed through the sealing strip 25
  • the outer glass 22 is joined.
  • Such an arrangement enables the outer glass 22 to have a more energy-saving effect, can withstand more than 99% of ultraviolet rays, can improve passenger comfort, and can effectively delay the aging of the interior equipment.
  • the outer layer glass 22 can also be made of a PU film layer and a second polycarbonate sheet 222.
  • One surface of the PU film layer is connected to the inner surface of the first polycarbonate sheet 221, the other surface of the PU film layer is connected to the second polycarbonate sheet 222, and the second polycarbonate sheet 222 is passed through the weather strip 25
  • the outer glass 22 is joined.
  • the arrangement is also such that the outer glass 22 has better energy saving effect, can resist more than 99% of ultraviolet rays, can improve passenger comfort, and can effectively delay the aging effect of the vehicle interior, and the polycarbonate plate is also light.
  • the characteristics of quantification and other characteristics make the glass structure better in impact resistance.
  • a nano ceramic film is provided on the surfaces of the first polycarbonate sheet 221 and the second polycarbonate sheet 222.
  • a nano ceramic film is also possible to provide a nano ceramic film on only one of the polycarbonate sheets.
  • the hollow structure 21 is filled with air or argon gas.
  • the inner glass 23 includes a one-way see-through film layer disposed on the inner or outer surface of the inner glass 23.
  • the thickness of the inner layer glass 23 is L, wherein 3.5 mm ⁇ L ⁇ 4.5 mm. This can effectively reduce the thickness of the glass structure and thereby reduce the weight of the train as a whole, so that the train can reach the standard of weight reduction, wherein the thickness of the inner layer glass 23 is preferably 4 mm.
  • the hydrophobic self-cleaning nano material is plated on the outer surface of the polycarbonate plate by plasma coating technology, so that the contact angle ⁇ of the outer surface of the glass structure with water is greater than 120 degrees, that is, the composite glass structure has good hydrophobic properties.
  • the self-cleaning material layer may be an anatase type titanium dioxide material layer.
  • the self-cleaning material layer may be one layer or multiple layers.
  • the glass structure in the above embodiment can be used in the field of train equipment technology, that is, according to another aspect of the present invention, a train is provided.
  • the train includes a glass structure, which is the glass structure in the above embodiment.
  • the glass structure includes an outer layer glass 22, an inner layer glass 23, and a weather strip 25.
  • the outer layer glass 22 is disposed opposite to the inner layer glass 23, and the outer layer glass 22 is disposed at a distance from the inner layer glass 23.
  • the outer glass 22 and the inner glass 23 are connected by a weather strip 25, and a hollow structure 21 is formed between the weather strip 25 and the outer glass 22 and the inner glass 23.
  • a layer of self-cleaning material is disposed on the outer surface of the outer layer glass 22.
  • the glass structure has a self-cleaning function, which reduces the difficulty of cleaning the glass.
  • a PVB film or a PU film is used, which is lightweight and has excellent sound insulation properties.
  • the inner surface of the polycarbonate plate is coated with a nano ceramic film, which can significantly reduce the shielding coefficient of the glass and improve the energy saving effect of the composite glass.
  • the outer surface of the glass is plated with LOW-E film, which can significantly improve the thermal insulation performance of the composite glass.
  • the inner and outer surfaces of the inner glass can be optionally coated with a one-way see-through film, so that the composite glass has a one-way perspective function, which is more convenient for protecting the privacy of passengers.
  • the glass structure has the functions of self-cleaning, one-way perspective, etc., and is superior to ordinary insulating glass and laminated glass in sound insulation, heat insulation, strength, ultraviolet protection, infrared protection, energy saving, impact resistance and the like.
  • Carbon fiber (CF) is a new type of fiber material with high strength and high modulus fiber with carbon content above 95%. It is a microcrystalline graphite material obtained by stacking organic fibers such as flake graphite crystallites along the axial direction of the fiber and carbonizing and graphitizing. Carbon fiber is “external and soft inside”, its quality is lighter than that of metal aluminum, but its strength is higher than that of steel, and it has corrosion-resistant and high-modulus properties, and is an important material in defense military and civilian use. It not only has the inherent intrinsic properties of carbon materials, but also has the soft processability of textile fibers. It is a new generation of reinforcing fibers.
  • Carbon fiber has many excellent properties. Carbon fiber has high axial strength and modulus, low density, high specific performance, no creep, high temperature resistance in non-oxidizing environment, good fatigue resistance, specific heat and conductivity between non-metal and Between the metals, the coefficient of thermal expansion is small and anisotropic, the corrosion resistance is good, and the X-ray permeability is good. Good electrical and thermal conductivity, good electromagnetic shielding and so on.
  • carbon fiber has more than three times the Young's modulus; compared with Kevlar fiber, the Young's modulus is about 2 times, and it is insoluble in organic solvents, acids and alkalis. Excellent corrosion resistance.
  • Carbon fiber is an inorganic polymer fiber having a carbon content of more than 90%.
  • the graphite fiber is contained in which the carbon content is higher than 99%.
  • the microstructure of carbon fiber is similar to that of artificial graphite and is a layered graphite structure.
  • the spacing between the carbon fiber layers is about 3.39 to 3.42 A.
  • the carbon atoms between the parallel layers are not as regular as the graphite, and the layers are connected by van der Waals force.
  • the structure of carbon fiber is also generally considered to consist of two-dimensional ordered crystals and pores, wherein the content, size and distribution of pores have a great influence on the properties of carbon fibers.
  • the higher the pore content the larger the pore size and the significantly reduced the area of the interlayer interface in the laminate.
  • the pores are stress concentration areas, and the bearing capacity is weak. When the force is applied, the pores expand to form long cracks, which are destroyed.
  • the pore size and distribution have a greater influence on the mechanical properties than the porosity and pore aspect ratio. It is also found that large pores (area > 0.03 mm 2 ) have an adverse effect on mechanical properties due to the effect of pores on crack propagation in the interlaminar rich zone.
  • Carbon fiber combines the strong tensile strength of carbon material and the softness and processability of fiber. Carbon fiber is a new material with excellent mechanical properties.
  • the carbon fiber has a tensile strength of about 2 to 7 GPa and a tensile modulus of about 200 to 700 GPa.
  • the density is about 1.5 to 2.0 grams per cubic centimeter, which is mainly determined by the temperature of the carbonization treatment, in addition to the structure of the raw silk. Generally, it is graphitized at a high temperature of 3000 ° C, and the density can reach 2.0 g per cubic centimeter. In addition, its weight is very light, its specific gravity is lighter than aluminum, less than 1/4 of steel, and its strength is 20 times that of iron.
  • Carbon fiber has a different coefficient of thermal expansion than other fibers, and it has an anisotropic character.
  • the specific heat capacity of carbon fiber is generally 7.12.
  • the decrease in thermal conductivity with increasing temperature is a negative value (0.72 to 0.90) parallel to the fiber direction and a positive value (32 to 22) perpendicular to the fiber direction.
  • the specific resistance of carbon fiber is related to the type of fiber.
  • the high modulus is 775 and the high strength carbon fiber is 1500 per cm. This allows the carbon fiber to have the highest specific strength and specific modulus among all high performance fibers.
  • metal materials such as titanium, steel and aluminum
  • carbon fiber has the characteristics of high strength, high modulus, low density and small coefficient of linear expansion, which can be called the king of new materials.
  • carbon fiber In addition to the characteristics of ordinary carbon materials, carbon fiber has a remarkable anisotropic and soft shape, can be processed into various fabrics, and exhibits high strength along the fiber axis direction due to small specific gravity.
  • Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite The material, its specific strength and specific modulus, is the highest among the existing structural materials.
  • the tensile strength of carbon fiber resin composites is generally above 3500 MPa, 7 to 9 times that of steel, and the tensile modulus of elasticity is 230 to 430 GPa is also higher than steel; therefore, the specific strength of CFRP is the strength of the material and its density.
  • the ratio can reach more than 2000 MPa, while the specific strength of A3 steel is only about 59 MPa, and its specific modulus is also higher than that of steel.
  • Young's modulus refers to the physical quantity that characterizes the tensile or compressive resistance of material materials within the elastic limit
  • Young's modulus is more than three times that of glass fiber; compared with Kevlar fiber, not only Young's modulus It is about twice as much.
  • Tests on carbon fiber epoxy laminates have shown that both strength and modulus decrease with increasing porosity. Porosity has a great influence on interlaminar shear strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus; tensile strength decreases relatively slowly with increasing porosity; tensile modulus is less affected by porosity.
  • Carbon fiber also has an excellent fineness (one of the representations of the fineness is the number of grams of 9000 meters of fiber), typically only about 19 grams, and a tensile force of up to 300 kg per micron. Almost no other material has as many excellent properties as carbon fiber, and therefore has strict requirements in terms of the degree of rigidity, rigidity, fatigue characteristics and the like. When not in contact with air and oxidant, carbon fiber can withstand high temperatures above 3,000 degrees and has outstanding heat resistance. Compared with other materials, the strength of carbon fiber starts to decrease when the temperature is higher than 1500 °C, and the higher the temperature, the fiber The greater the intensity.
  • the radial strength of carbon fiber is not as good as the axial strength, so the carbon fiber avoids radial strength (ie, it cannot be knotted) and the whisker properties of other materials have already been greatly reduced.
  • carbon fiber also has good low temperature resistance, such as not embrittlement at liquid nitrogen temperature.
  • carbon fiber The chemical properties of carbon fiber are known to carbon. In addition to being oxidized by strong oxidants, it is inert to general alkali. When the temperature in the air is higher than 400 ° C, significant oxidation occurs, and CO and CO 2 are formed . Carbon fiber has good corrosion resistance to common organic solvents, acids and alkalis, insoluble and non-expanding, and corrosion resistance is outstanding, and there is no problem of rust at all. Some scholars immersed PAN-based carbon fiber in a strong alkali sodium hydroxide solution in 1981. It has been in the form of fiber for more than 30 years.
  • Carbon fiber is also resistant to oil, radiation, radiation, toxic gases and decelerating neutrons.
  • Carbon fiber can be divided into polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, pitch-based carbon fiber, viscose-based carbon fiber, phenolic-based carbon fiber, and vapor-grown carbon fiber according to the source of raw materials; it can be divided into general-purpose, high-strength, medium-mode high-strength, high-model and super according to performance.
  • High model carbon fiber divided into filament, short fiber and chopped fiber according to state; divided into general type and high performance type according to mechanical properties.
  • the general-purpose carbon fiber has a strength of 1000 MPa and a modulus of about 100 GPa.
  • High-performance carbon fibers are further classified into high-strength type (intensity 2000 MPa, modulus 250 GPa) and high model (modulus above 300 GPa).
  • the intensity is greater than 4000 MPa, also known as ultra-high strength; the modulus is greater than 450GPa, called the ultra-high model.
  • high-strength and high-stretch carbon fibers have emerged with an elongation of more than 2%.
  • the largest amount is polyacrylonitrile PAN-based carbon fiber.
  • More than 90% of the carbon fibers in the market are mainly PAN-based carbon fibers. Since the mysterious veil of carbon fiber has not been completely uncovered, people can't directly use carbon or graphite to make it. Only some carbon-containing organic fibers (such as nylon wire, acrylic fiber, rayon, etc.) can be used as raw materials to The plastic resin is combined and carbonized to produce carbon fibers.
  • the production process of PAN-based carbon fiber mainly includes two processes of raw silk production and raw carbonization: firstly, a series of processes such as acrylonitrile polymerization and spinning are processed into polyacrylonitrile fibers or raw yarns called "parent", and these are The raw yarn is placed in an oxidizing furnace for oxidation at 200 to 300 ° C, and carbonization is carried out in a carbonization furnace at a temperature of 1000 to 2000 ° C for carbonization.
  • copper-coated pitch-based carbon fibers are prepared by a mixing method. First, a copper salt is mixed with an isotropic coal pitch to perform centrifugal spinning. Stabilized in air and treated in high temperature hydrogen to obtain carbon fibers of alloy copper.
  • the world's asphalt-based carbon fiber production capacity is relatively small, and the research and development of domestic pitch-based carbon fiber is earlier, but there is a big gap in development, production and application compared with foreign countries.
  • Carbon fiber is classified into aerospace grade and industrial grade according to product specifications, also known as small tow and large tow. Carbon fibers above 48K are usually referred to as large tow carbon fibers, including 360K and 480K.
  • the aerospace-grade carbon fiber was mainly developed at 3K and gradually developed into 12K and 24K. It is mainly used in defense military and high-tech, as well as sports and leisure products, such as airplanes, missiles, rockets, satellites and fishing rods, and golf clubs.
  • Industrial grade carbon fiber is used in various civil industries, including: textiles, medical and health, electromechanical, civil engineering, transportation and energy.
  • the industrial production of carbon fiber can be divided into polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fiber, pitch-based carbon fiber and viscose-based carbon fiber according to the raw material route, but mainly produces the first two carbon fibers.
  • PAN polyacrylonitrile
  • High-mechanical carbon fiber prepared from viscose fiber must be graphitized by high temperature, low carbonization yield, technical difficulty, complicated equipment, high carbonization yield of raw materials, but due to complicated preparation of raw materials and low product performance. It has not been developed on a large scale; the high-performance carbon fiber made from polyacrylonitrile fiber has a simpler production process than other methods, and its output accounts for more than 90% of the total global carbon fiber production.
  • Carbon fibers can be obtained by carbonization of polyacrylonitrile fibers, asphalt fibers, viscose fibers or phenolic fibers, respectively.
  • the most common carbon fibers used are polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber and pitch carbon fiber.
  • the production of carbon fiber includes four processes of fiber spinning, heat stabilization (pre-oxidation), carbonization, and graphitization.
  • the accompanying chemical changes include dehydrogenation, cyclization, pre-oxidation, oxidation, and deoxidation.
  • the carbon fiber with high mechanical properties obtained from viscose fiber must be graphitized by high temperature, the carbonization yield is low, the technical difficulty is large, the equipment is complicated, the product is mainly used for ablation resistant material and heat insulating material; the carbon fiber is made from asphalt.
  • the raw materials are abundant and the carbonization yield is high.
  • the high-performance carbon fiber can be obtained from the polyacrylonitrile fiber precursor, and the production process is simpler than other methods. Excellent performance, developed well in the carbon fiber industry since the 1960s.
  • Polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber is a carbon fiber made of polyacrylonitrile fiber, and is mainly used as a reinforcement for composite materials.
  • Carbon fibers can be prepared from homopolymerized or copolymerized polyacrylonitrile fibers.
  • copolyacrylonitrile fibers are often used in the industry as raw materials. The requirements for the raw materials are: impurities, less defects; uniform fineness, and the finer the better; high strength, less hair; the higher the degree of orientation of the chain molecules along the fiber axis, the better, usually greater than 80%; thermal conversion Good performance.
  • the process of preparing polyacrylonitrile fiber in production is: firstly copolymerizing acrylonitrile with other small amount of second and third monomers (methyl acetonate, methylidene dibutyl acrylate, etc.) to form a copolymerized polyacrylonitrile resin (molecular weight higher than 6) Up to 80,000), then the resin is dissolved in a solvent (sodium thiocyanate, dimethyl hydrazine, nitric acid, zinc chloride, etc.) to form a spinning solution of suitable viscosity, which is spun by wet, dry or dry-wet method. The silk is then made into polyacrylonitrile fiber by water washing, drawing, drying and heat setting.
  • second and third monomers methyl acetonate, methylidene dibutyl acrylate, etc.
  • the polyacrylonitrile fiber is directly heated and melted, it cannot maintain its original fiber state.
  • the polyacrylonitrile fibers are first placed in air or other oxidizing atmosphere for low temperature heat treatment, that is, pre-oxidation treatment.
  • Pre-oxidation treatment is a preliminary stage of fiber carbonization.
  • the fibers are typically heated to about 270 ° C under air for 0.5 h to 3 h.
  • the color of the polyacrylonitrile fibers gradually changes from white to yellow and brown, and finally black pre-oxidized fibers are formed.
  • the preoxidized fiber is subjected to a high temperature treatment at 1600 ° C for carbonization treatment, and the fiber further generates a reaction such as cross-linking cyclization, aromatization, and polycondensation, and removes hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms, and finally forms a two-dimensional carbon ring.
  • a carbon fiber having a planar network structure and a layer of coarse and parallel layered graphite structure.
  • the process for preparing carbon fibers from PAN precursors is as follows: PAN precursor ⁇ pre-oxidation ⁇ carbonization ⁇ graphitization ⁇ surface treatment ⁇ coiling ⁇ carbon fiber.
  • raw silk preparation, polyacrylonitrile and viscous collagen silk are mainly produced by wet spinning, and asphalt and phenolic raw silk are obtained by melt spinning.
  • the preparation of high-performance polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers requires the use of polyacrylonitrile precursors of high purity, high strength and uniform quality, and the comonomer for the preparation of the precursors is itaconic acid.
  • Preparation of anisotropic high-performance pitch-based carbon fibers requires pretreatment of the asphalt into a mesophase, a pre-intermediate phase (benzene-soluble anisotropic pitch), and a potential intermediate phase (quinoline-soluble anisotropic pitch).
  • the raw silk is required to be free of alkali metal ions.
  • pre-oxidation polyacrylonitrile fiber 200 to 300 ° C
  • no melting amino acid fiber 200 to 400 ° C
  • heat treatment viscose fiber 240 ° C
  • the temperature is: polyacrylonitrile fiber 1000 to 1500 ° C, asphalt 1500 to 1700 ° C, viscose fiber 400 to 2000 ° C.
  • graphitization, polyacrylonitrile fiber is 2500 to 3000 ° C, bitumen 2500 to 2800 ° C, viscose fiber 3000 to 3200 ° C.
  • the surface treatment, gas phase or liquid phase oxidation, etc. imparts chemical activity to the fiber to increase the affinity for the resin.
  • the sizing treatment prevents fiber damage and improves the affinity with the resin matrix.
  • the resulting fibers have a variety of different cross-sectional structures.
  • the high purification, high strengthening, densification and smooth surface of the raw silk are the primary tasks for the preparation of high-performance carbon fiber.
  • Carbon fiber system engineering begins with the polymerization of monomeric filaments.
  • the quality of the raw silk determines both the properties of the carbon fiber and the production cost.
  • High quality PAN yarn is the primary prerequisite for the manufacture of high performance carbon fiber.
  • the high temperature carbonization temperature is generally between 1300 and 1800 ° C, and the graphitization is generally between 2,500 and 3,000 ° C. Operating at such high temperatures requires continuous operation and increased equipment life, so it is particularly important to study next-generation high-temperature technologies and high-temperature equipment. Such as microwave gas, plasma and induction heating in inert gas protection, anaerobic conditions.
  • a train that includes the train window structure described above.

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Abstract

一种列车车窗结构及具有其的列车，该列车车窗结构包括：车窗窗框（10）；车窗玻璃（20），车窗玻璃（20）设置于车窗窗框（10）上，车窗玻璃（20）的内部具有中空结构（21）；显示器，设置于中空结构（21）内并用于在车窗玻璃（20）上显示信息，通过中空结构（21）内的显示器进行显示，为乘客提供信息。

Description

列车车窗结构及具有其的列车 技术领域
本发明涉及机车技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种列车车窗结构及具有其的列车。
背景技术
列车在发展过程中，除了要考虑安全性和可靠性之外，还要提高其舒适性。现有技术中，列车的侧窗只具有供人们向外或向内观看的作用。而且由于车窗的存在，当车内需要设置其他设备时又不能在车窗处设置，造成车窗位置所在区域的浪费。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种列车车窗结构及具有其的列车，以解决现有技术中的列车车窗功能性单一的问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种列车车窗结构，该列车车窗结构包括：车窗窗框；车窗玻璃，车窗玻璃设置于车窗窗框上，车窗玻璃的内部具有中空结构；显示器，设置于中空结构内并用于在车窗玻璃上显示信息。
进一步地，显示器包括发光面板，发光面板与车窗玻璃相配合。
进一步地，发光面板包括OLED面板。
进一步地，车窗玻璃包括：外层玻璃与内层玻璃，外层玻璃和内层玻璃相对设置，外层玻璃与内层玻璃之间形成中空结构。
进一步地，列车车窗结构还包括：连接件，设置于车窗窗框上，外层玻璃与内层玻璃通过连接件相连接。
进一步地，列车车窗结构还包括：第一密封胶，设置于中空结构内以将外层玻璃与内层玻璃的连接处进行密封。
进一步地，车窗窗框具有第一止挡凸筋，连接件的第一端与第一止挡凸筋相抵接，内层玻璃设置于连接件的第一端上，外层玻璃设置于连接件的第二端上。
进一步地，车窗窗框具有第二止挡凸筋，第二止挡凸筋远离内层玻璃设置，第二止挡凸筋与第一止挡凸筋之间形成密封卡槽。
进一步地，列车车窗结构还包括：第二密封胶，设置于密封卡槽内以将第一止挡凸筋与内层玻璃之间形成的缝隙进行密封。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种列车，该列车包括上述列车车窗结构。
应用本发明的技术方案，由于本发明的列车车窗结构具有显示器，可以通过中空结构内的显示器进行显示，为乘客提供信息，使列车车窗的功能更加丰富。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示意性示出了本发明的列车车窗的实施例的结构图；
图2示意性示出了本发明的列车车窗的实施例的去掉部分车窗玻璃的剖视图；
图3示意性示出了本发明的列车车窗的实施例的完整的剖视图；
图4示意性示出了本发明中的显示器机箱的结构图；
图5示意性示出了本发明中的列车车窗及显示器的结构图；
图6示出了根据本发明的车窗玻璃的实施例的结构示意图。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
10、车窗窗框；11、第一止挡凸筋；12、第二止挡凸筋；13、密封卡槽；
20、车窗玻璃；21、中空结构；22、外层玻璃；221、第一聚碳酸酯板；222、第二聚碳酸酯板；23、内层玻璃；24、发光面板；25、密封条；
30、连接件；
40、第一密封胶；
50、第二密封胶；
60、端子；
70、电源线；
80、接地线出现位置；
90、电源开关；91、扁平线。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图 包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
需要说明的是，本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的术语在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本申请的实施方式例如能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
为了便于描述，在这里可以使用空间相对术语，如“在……之上”、“在……上方”、“在……上表面”、“上面的”等，用来描述如在图中所示的一个器件或特征与其他器件或特征的空间位置关系。应当理解的是，空间相对术语旨在包含除了器件在图中所描述的方位之外的在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如，如果附图中的器件被倒置，则描述为“在其他器件或构造上方”或“在其他器件或构造之上”的器件之后将被定位为“在其他器件或构造下方”或“在其他器件或构造之下”。因而，示例性术语“在……上方”可以包括“在……上方”和“在……下方”两种方位。该器件也可以其他不同方式定位旋转90度或处于其他方位，并且对这里所使用的空间相对描述作出相应解释。
现在，将参照附图更详细地描述根据本申请的示例性实施方式。然而，这些示例性实施方式可以由多种不同的形式来实施，并且不应当被解释为只限于这里所阐述的实施方式。应当理解的是，提供这些实施方式是为了使得本申请的公开彻底且完整，并且将这些示例性实施方式的构思充分传达给本领域普通技术人员，在附图中，为了清楚起见，有可能扩大了层和区域的厚度，并且使用相同的附图标记表示相同的器件，因而将省略对它们的描述。
参见图1至图5所示，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种列车车窗结构，该列车车窗结构包括车窗窗框10、车窗玻璃20和显示器，其中，车窗玻璃20设置于车窗窗框10上，车窗玻璃20的内部具有中空结构21；显示器设置于中空结构21内并用于在车窗玻璃20上显示信息。本发明的列车车窗结构工作时，通过中空结构21内的显示器进行显示，为乘客提供信息，使列车车窗的功能更加丰富。
为了防止列车运行的过程中，显示器与车窗玻璃发生碰撞和摩擦而造成显示器损坏，本发明中的显示器包括发光面板24，发光面板24与车窗玻璃20相配合。优选地，发光面板24与车窗玻璃相贴合，即显示器与车窗玻璃20不存在间隙，以此来防止显示器在列车运行过程中与车窗玻璃发生碰撞。
为了使本发明中的显示器的显示更加清晰，优选地，本发明中的发光面板24包括OLED面板。当然，其他可以满足本发明中的显示器的显示要求的装置均可。优选地，本发明中的显示器在正常状态下，即无信号状态下，呈透明状态，乘客可清洗地看到室外的景物，当列车控制系统输入信号时，显示器显示相关内容。
参见图2所示，为了更好的固定和安装显示器，本发明中的车窗玻璃20包括外层玻璃22与内层玻璃23，外层玻璃22和内层玻璃23相对设置，外层玻璃22与内层玻璃23之间形成中空结构21。安装时，工作人员将显示器安装在中空结构21中，通过内层玻璃23和外层玻璃22对显示器进行固定。
为了使内层玻璃23和外层玻璃22之间的连接更加稳定，优选地，本发明中的列车车窗结构还包括连接件30，设置于车窗窗框10上，外层玻璃22与内层玻璃23通过连接件30相连接。安装时，工作人员通过连接件30将外层玻璃22和内层玻璃23连接在一起。
为了提高内层玻璃与外层玻璃之间的连接稳定性，同时防止外部杂质进入到中空结构21影响显示器的显示功能，优选地，列车车窗结构还包括第一密封胶40，设置于中空结构21内以将外层玻璃22与内层玻璃23的连接处进行密封。工作时，密封胶将内层玻璃23与外层玻璃22进一步地连接，并将显示器进一步固定，同时将外部的杂质如水等进入中空结构。
为了进一步固定本发明中的车窗玻璃，优选地，本发明中的车窗窗框10具有第一止挡凸筋11，连接件30的第一端与第一止挡凸筋11相抵接，内层玻璃23设置于连接件30的第一端上，外层玻璃22设置于连接件30的第二端上。工作时，本发明中的车窗窗框10固定外层玻璃22和内层玻璃23，通过第一止挡凸筋11限制连接件30的移动，使外层玻璃22和内层玻璃23更牢固的安装。
为了进一步地防止外部杂质进如外层玻璃22和内层玻璃23之间的中空结构21，本发明的列车车窗结构还包括第二密封胶50，通过第二密封胶50进一步进行密封。为了安装第二密封胶50，本发明中的车窗窗框10具有第二止挡凸筋12，第二止挡凸筋12远离内层玻璃23设置，第二止挡凸筋12与第一止挡凸筋11之间形成密封卡槽13。安装时，本发明中的第二密封胶50设置于密封卡槽13内以将第一止挡凸筋11与内层玻璃23之间形成的缝隙进行密封。
优选地，本发明中的第二密封胶50为密封橡胶条，当然，其他可以满足本发明的第二密封胶的密封效果的装置也可。本发明中的显示器机箱包括用来传输数据的端子60、传递电能的电源线，其中电源线70与接地线出现位置80相邻设置、电源开关90、扁平线91。
本发明中的显示器在正常状态下，即无信号状态下，呈透明状态，乘客可清洗地看到室外的景物，当列车控制系统输入信号时，显示器显示多媒体影片、动画、广告等视频信息以及列车速度、到站信息等文字信息。车窗显示屏幕大，显示信息丰富，有效地利用了车内空间。
根据本申请的另一个实施例，结合图6所示，提供了一种玻璃结构，该玻璃结构用于车窗上。
具体地，玻璃结构包括外层玻璃22、内层玻璃23和密封条25。外层玻璃22与内层玻璃23相对设置，外层玻璃22与内层玻璃23之间具有距离地设置。外层玻璃22与内层玻璃23通过密封条25相连接，密封条25与外层玻璃22和内层玻璃23之间形成中空结构21。其中，本实施例中的密封条25相当于上述实施例中的第一密封胶40。
在本实施例中，外层玻璃22的外表面上设置有自清洁材料层。使得该玻璃结构具有自清洁功能，降低了玻璃的清洁难度，同时减少了定期清洁玻璃表面的工作量，也节省了日益匮乏的水资源。
其中，外层玻璃22包括第一聚碳酸酯板221，第一聚碳酸酯板221与内层玻璃23相对设置，自清洁材料层设置于第一聚碳酸酯板221的外表面上。外层玻璃22采用第一聚碳酸酯板221能够有效地减小外层玻璃22的厚度，使得外层玻璃22具有更好的隔音、隔热性能。
外层玻璃22还包括PVB膜层和第二聚碳酸酯板222。PVB膜层的一个表面与第一聚碳酸酯板221的内表面相连接，PVB膜层的另一个表面与第二聚碳酸酯板222相连接，第二聚碳酸酯板222通过密封条25与外层玻璃22相连接。这样设置能够使得外层玻璃22的节能效果更佳，能抵抗99％以上的紫外线，可提高乘客舒适度，能够有效地延缓车内设备的老化。
当然，外层玻璃22也可以用PU膜层和第二聚碳酸酯板222制成。PU膜层的一个表面与第一聚碳酸酯板221的内表面相连接，PU膜层的另一个表面与第二聚碳酸酯板222相连接，第二聚碳酸酯板222通过密封条25与外层玻璃22相连接。这样设置同样取到使得外层玻璃22的节能效果更佳，能抵抗99％以上的紫外线，可提高乘客舒适度，能够有效地延缓车内设备的老化的效果，采用聚碳酸酯板还具有轻量化等特点，使得该玻璃结构抗冲击性能更佳。
为了能够显著地降低玻璃结构的遮蔽系数，提高复合玻璃的节能效果，在第一聚碳酸酯板221和第二聚碳酸酯板222的表面上设置有纳米陶瓷膜。当然，也可以只在其中一个聚碳酸酯板上设置纳米陶瓷膜。
为了提高玻璃结构的隔热性能，在中空结构21内充入容纳空气或氩气。
为了能够更好的保护乘客的隐私，内层玻璃23包括单向透视膜层，单向透视膜层设置于内层玻璃23的内表面或外表面上。
优选地，内层玻璃23的厚度为L，其中，3.5mm≤L≤4.5mm。这样能够有效地降低玻璃结构的厚度继而从整体上减轻了列车的重量，使得列车能够达到轻量化的标准，其中，内层玻璃23的厚度优选为4mm。
采用等离子镀膜技术将疏水型自清洁纳米材料镀在聚碳酸酯板外表面，使得玻璃结构的外表面与水的接触角θ大于120度，即该复合玻璃结构具有很好的疏水性能。其中，自清洁材料层可以为锐钛矿型二氧化钛材料层。自清洁材料层可以是一层也可以是多层。
上述实施例中的玻璃结构可以用于列车设备技术领域，即根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种列车。该列车包括玻璃结构，玻璃结构为上述实施例中的玻璃结构。玻璃结构包括外层玻璃22、内层玻璃23和密封条25。外层玻璃22与内层玻璃23相对设置，外层玻璃22与内层玻璃23之间具有距离地设置。外层玻璃22与内层玻璃23通过密封条25相连接，密封条25与外层玻璃22和内层玻璃23之间形成中空结构21。外层玻璃22的外表面上设置有自清洁材料层。使得该玻璃结构具有自清洁功能，降低了玻璃的清洁难度。
在本实施例中，采用PVB膜或PU膜，具有轻量化、很好的隔音性能。聚碳酸酯板内表面镀纳米陶瓷膜，可显著降低玻璃的遮蔽系数，提高复合玻璃的节能效果。层玻璃外表面镀LOW-E膜，可显著提高复合玻璃的隔热性能。内层玻璃内、外表面可选择一面镀单向透视膜，使复合玻璃具有单向透视功能，更方便保护乘客的隐私。该玻璃结构具有自清洁、单向透视等功能，在隔音、隔热、强度、防紫外线、防红外线、节能、抗冲击等多方面性能均要优于普通中空玻璃和夹层玻璃。
碳纤维(carbon fiber，简称CF)，是一种含碳量在95％以上的高强度、高模量纤维的新型纤维材料。它是由片状石墨微晶等有机纤维沿纤维轴向方向堆砌而成，经碳化及石墨化处理而得到的微晶石墨材料。碳纤维“外柔内刚”，质量比金属铝轻，但强度却高于钢铁，并且具有耐腐蚀、高模量的特性，在国防军工和民用方面都是重要材料。它不仅具有碳材料的固有本征特性，又兼备纺织纤维的柔软可加工性，是新一代增强纤维。
碳纤维具有许多优良性能，碳纤维的轴向强度和模量高，密度低、比性能高，无蠕变，非氧化环境下耐超高温，耐疲劳性好，比热及导电性介于非金属和金属之间，热膨胀系数小且具有各向异性，耐腐蚀性好，X射线透过性好。良好的导电导热性能、电磁屏蔽性好等。
碳纤维与传统的玻璃纤维相比，杨氏模量是其3倍多；它与凯夫拉纤维相比，杨氏模量是其2倍左右，在有机溶剂、酸、碱中不溶不胀，耐蚀性突出。
碳纤维是含碳量高于90％的无机高分子纤维。其中含碳量高于99％的称石墨纤维。碳纤维的微观结构类似人造石墨，是乱层石墨结构。碳纤维各层面间的间距约为3.39到3.42A，各平行层面间的各个碳原子，排列不如石墨那样规整，层与层之间借范德华力连接在一起。
通常也把碳纤维的结构看成由两维有序的结晶和孔洞组成，其中孔洞的含量、大小和分布对碳纤维的性能影响较大。
当孔隙率低于某个临界值时，孔隙率对碳纤维复合材料的层间剪切强度、弯曲强度和拉伸强度无明显的影响。有些研究指出，引起材料力学性能下降的临界孔隙率是1％-4％。孔隙体积含量在0-4％范围内时，孔隙体积含量每增加1％，层间剪切强度大约降低7％。通过对碳纤维环氧树脂和碳纤维双马来亚胺树脂层压板的研究看出，当孔隙率超过0.9％时，层间剪切强度开始下降。由试验得知，孔隙主要分布在纤维束之间和层间界面处。并且孔隙含量越高，孔隙的尺寸越大，并显著降低了层合板中层间界面的面积。当材料受力时，易沿层间破坏，这也是层间剪切强度对孔隙相对敏感的原因。另外孔隙处是应力集中区，承载能力弱，当受力时，孔隙扩大形成长裂纹，从而遭到破坏。
即使两种具有相同孔隙率的层压板(在同一养护周期运用不同的预浸方法和制造方式)，它们也表现处完全不同的力学行为。力学性能随孔隙率的增加而下降的具体数值不同，表现为孔隙率对力学性能的影响离散性大且重复性差。由于包含大量可变因素，孔隙对复合材料层压板力学性能的影响是个很复杂的问题。这些因素包含：孔隙的形状、尺寸、位置；纤维、基体和界面的力学性能；静态或者动态的荷载。
相对于孔隙率和孔隙长宽比，孔隙尺寸、分布对力学性能的影响更大些。并发现大的孔隙(面积>0.03mm2)对力学性能有不利影响，这归因于孔隙对层间富胶区的裂纹扩展的产生影响。
碳纤维兼具碳材料强抗拉力和纤维柔软可加工性两大特征，碳纤维是一种的力学性能优异的新材料。碳纤维拉伸强度约为2到7GPa，拉伸模量约为200到700GPa。密度约为1.5到2.0克每立方厘米，这除与原丝结构有关外，主要决定于炭化处理的温度。一般经过高温3000℃石墨化处理，密度可达2.0克每立方厘。再加上它的重量很轻，它的比重比铝还要轻，不到钢的1/4，比强度是铁的20倍。碳纤维的热膨胀系数与其它纤维不同，它有各向异性的特点。碳纤维的比热容一般为7.12。热导率随温度升高而下降平行于纤维方向是负值(0.72到0.90)，而垂直于纤维方向是正值(32到22)。碳纤维的比电阻与纤维的类型有关，在25℃时，高模量为775，高强度碳纤维为每厘米1500。这使得碳纤维在所有高性能纤维中具有最高的比强度和比模量。同钛、钢、铝等金属材料相比，碳纤维在物理性能上具有强度大、模量高、密度低、线膨胀系数小等特点，可以称为新材料之王。
碳纤维除了具有一般碳素材料的特性外，其外形有显著的各向异性柔软，可加工成各种织物，又由于比重小，沿纤维轴方向表现出很高的强度，碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料，其比强度、比模量综合指标，在现有结构材料中是最高的。碳纤维树脂复合材料抗拉强度一般都在3500兆帕以上，是钢的7到9倍，抗拉弹性模量为230到430G帕亦高于钢；因此CFRP的比强度即材料的强度与其密度之比可达到2000兆帕以上，而A3钢的比强度仅为59兆帕左右，其比模量也比钢高。与传统的玻璃纤维相比，杨氏模量(指表征在弹性限度内物质材料抗拉或抗压的物理量)是玻璃纤维的3倍多；与凯芙拉纤维相比，不仅杨氏模量是其的2倍左右。碳纤维环氧树脂层压板的试验表明，随着孔隙率的增加，强度和模量均下降。孔隙率对层间剪切强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量的影响非常大；拉伸强度随着孔隙率的增加下降的相对慢一些；拉伸模量受孔隙率影响较小。
碳纤维还具有极好的纤度(纤度的表示法之一是9000米长纤维的克数)，一般仅约为19克，拉力高达300kg每微米。几乎没有其他材料像碳纤维那样具有那么多一系列的优异性能，因此在旨度、刚度、重度、疲劳特性等有严格要求的领域。在不接触空气和氧化剂时，碳纤维能够耐受3000度以上的高温，具有突出的耐热性能，与其他材料相比，碳纤维要温度高于1500℃时强度才开始下降，而且温度越高，纤维强度越大。碳纤维的径向强度不如轴向强度，因而碳纤维忌径向强力(即不能打结)而其他材料的晶须性能也早已大大的下降。另外碳纤维还具有良好的耐低温性能，如在液氮温度下也不脆化。
碳纤维的化学性质与碳相识，它除能被强氧化剂氧化外，对一般碱性是惰性的。在空气中温度高于400℃时则出现明显的氧化，生成CO与CO2。碳纤维对一般的有机溶剂、酸、碱都具有良好的耐腐蚀性，不溶不胀，耐蚀性出类拔萃，完全不存在生锈的问题。有学者在1981年将PAN基碳纤维浸泡在强碱氢氧化钠溶液中，时间已过去30多年，它仍保持纤维形态。但其耐冲击性较差，容易损伤，在强酸作用下发生氧化，碳纤维的电动势为正值，而铝合金的电动势为负值。当碳纤维复合材料与与铝合金组合应用时会发生金属碳化、渗碳及电化学腐 蚀现象。因此，碳纤维在使用前须进行表面处理。碳纤维还有耐油、抗辐射、抗放射、吸收有毒气体和减速中子等特性。
碳纤维按原料来源可分为聚丙烯腈基碳纤维、沥青基碳纤维、粘胶基碳纤维、酚醛基碳纤维、气相生长碳纤维；按性能可分为通用型、高强型、中模高强型、高模型和超高模型碳纤维；按状态分为长丝、短纤维和短切纤维；按力学性能分为通用型和高性能型。通用型碳纤维强度为1000兆帕、模量为100G帕左右。高性能型碳纤维又分为高强型(强度2000兆帕、模量250G帕)和高模型(模量300G帕以上)。强度大于4000兆帕的又称为超高强型；模量大于450G帕的称为超高模型。随着航天和航空工业的发展，还出现了高强高伸型碳纤维，其延伸率大于2％。用量最大的是聚丙烯腈PAN基碳纤维。市场上90％以上碳纤维以PAN基碳纤维为主。由于碳纤维神秘的面纱尚未完全揭开，人们还不能直接用碳或石墨来制取，只能采用一些含碳的有机纤维(如尼龙丝、腈纶丝、人造丝等)为原料，将有机纤维与塑料树脂结合在一起炭化制得碳纤维。PAN基碳纤维的生产工艺主要包括原丝生产和原丝碳化两个过程:首先通过丙烯腈聚合和纺纱等一系列工艺加工成被称为“母体“的聚丙烯腈纤维或原丝，将这些原丝放入氧化炉中在200到300℃进行氧化，还要在碳化炉中，在温度为1000到2000℃下进行碳化等工序制成碳纤维。
美国发明了纺织沥青基碳纤维用的含有基金属中间相沥青，原丝经稳定化和碳化后，碳纤维的拉伸强度为3.5G帕，模量为252G帕；法国研制了耐热和高导电的中间相沥青基碳纤维；波兰开发了新型金属涂覆碳纤维的方法，例如涂覆铜的沥青基碳纤维是用混合法制成，先用铜盐与各向同性煤沥青混匀，进行离心纺丝，在空气中稳定化并在高温氢气中处理，得到合金铜的碳纤维。世界沥青基碳纤维的生产能力较小，国内沥青基碳纤维的研究和开发较早，但在开发、生产及应用方面与国外相比有较大的差距。
碳纤维按产品规格的不同被划分为宇航级和工业级两类，亦称为小丝束和大丝束。通常把48K以上碳纤维称为大丝束碳纤维，包括360K和480K等。宇航级碳纤维初期以3K为主，逐渐发展为12K和24K，主要应用于国防军工和高技术，以及体育休闲用品，像飞机、导弹、火箭、卫星和钓鱼杆、球杆球拍等。工业级碳纤维应用于不同民用工业，包括：纺织、医药卫生、机电、土木建筑、交通运输和能源等。
工业化生产碳纤维按原料路线可分为聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维、沥青基碳纤维和粘胶基碳纤维三大类，但主要生产前两种碳纤维。由粘胶纤维制取高力学性能的碳纤维必须经高温拉伸石墨化，碳化收率低，技术难度大，设备复杂，原料丰富碳化收率高，但因原料调制复杂、产品性能较低，亦未得到大规模发展；由聚丙烯腈纤维原丝制得的高性能碳纤维，其生产工艺较其他方法简单，产量约占全球碳纤维总产量的90％以上。
碳纤维可分别用聚丙烯腈纤维、沥青纤维、粘胶丝或酚醛纤维经碳化制得。应用较普遍的碳纤维主要是聚丙烯腈碳纤维和沥青碳纤维。碳纤维的制造包括纤维纺丝、热稳定化(预氧化)、碳化、石墨化等4个过程。其间伴随的化学变化包括，脱氢、环化、预氧化、氧化及脱氧等。
从粘胶纤维制取高力学性能的碳纤维必须经高温拉伸石墨化，碳化收率低，技术难度大、设备复杂，产品主要为耐烧蚀材料及隔热材料所用；由沥青制取碳纤维，原料来源丰富，碳化收率高，但因原料调制复杂、产品性能较低，亦未得到大规模发展；由聚丙烯腈纤维原丝可制得高性能的碳纤维，其生产工艺较其它方法简单力学性能优良，自20世纪60年代后在碳纤维工业发展良好。
有关PAN基碳纤维的制备：
聚丙烯腈碳纤维是以聚丙烯腈纤维为原料制成的碳纤维，主要作复合材料用增强体。无论均聚或共聚的聚丙烯腈纤维都能制备出碳纤维。为了制造出高性能碳纤维并提高生产率，工业上常采用共聚聚丙烯腈纤维为原料。对原料的要求是：杂质、缺陷少；细度均匀，并越细越好；强度高，毛丝少；纤维中链状分子沿纤维轴取向度越高越好，通常大于80％；热转化性能好。
生产中制取聚丙烯腈纤维的过程是：先由丙烯腈和其他少量第二、第三单体(丙烯酸甲醋、甲叉丁二脂等)共聚生成共聚聚丙烯腈树脂(分子量高于6到8万)，然后树脂经溶剂(硫氰酸钠、二甲基亚矾、硝酸和氯化锌等)溶解，形成粘度适宜的纺丝液，经湿法、干法或干湿法进行纺丝，再经水洗、牵伸、干燥和热定型即制成聚丙烯腈纤维。若将聚丙烯腈纤维直接加热易熔化，不能保持其原来的纤维状态。制备碳纤维时，首先要将聚丙烯腈纤维放在空气中或其他氧化性气氛中进行低温热处理，即预氧化处理。预氧化处理是纤维碳化的预备阶段。一般将纤维在空气下加热至约270℃，保温0.5h到3h，聚丙烯腈纤维的颜色由白色逐渐变成黄色、棕色，最后形成黑色的预氧化纤维。是聚丙烯腈线性高分子受热氧化后，发生氧化、热解、交联、环化等一系列化学反应形成耐热梯型高分子的结果。再将预氧化纤维在氮气中进行高温处理1600℃的碳化处理，则纤维进一步产生交联环化、芳构化及缩聚等反应，并脱除氢、氮、氧原子，最后形成二维碳环平面网状结构和层片粗糙平行的乱层石墨结构的碳纤维。
由PAN原丝制备碳纤维的工艺流程如下：PAN原丝→预氧化→碳化→石墨化→表面处理→卷取→碳纤维。
第一、原丝制备，聚丙烯腈和粘胶原丝主要采用湿法纺丝制得，沥青和酚醛原丝则采用熔体纺丝制得。制备高性能聚丙烯腈基碳纤维需采用高纯度、高强度和质量均匀的聚丙烯腈原丝，制备原丝用的共聚单体为衣康酸等。制备各向异性的高性能沥青基碳纤维需先将沥青预处理成中间相、预中间相(苯可溶各向异性沥青)和潜在中间相(喹啉可溶各向异性沥青)等。作为烧蚀材料用的粘胶基碳纤维，其原丝要求不含碱金属离子。
第二、预氧化(聚丙烯腈纤维200到300℃)、不融化(沥青200到400℃)或热处理(粘胶纤维240℃)，以得到耐热和不熔的纤维，酚醛基碳纤维无此工序。
第三、碳化，其温度为：聚丙烯腈纤维1000到1500℃，沥青1500到1700℃，粘胶纤维400到2000℃。
第四、石墨化，聚丙烯腈纤维为2500到3000℃，沥青2500到2800℃，粘胶纤维3000到3200℃。
第五、表面处理，进行气相或液相氧化等，赋予纤维化学活性，以增大对树脂的亲和性。
第六、上浆处理，防止纤维损伤，提高与树脂母体的亲和性。所得纤维具有各种不同的断面结构。
要想得到质量好碳纤维，需要注意一下技术要点：
(1)实现原丝高纯化、高强化、致密化以及表面光洁无暇是制备高性能碳纤维的首要任务。碳纤维系统工程需从原丝的聚合单体开始。原丝质量既决定了碳纤维的性质，又制约其生产成本。优质PAN原丝是制造高性能碳纤维的首要必备条件。
(2)杂质缺陷最少化，这是提高碳纤维拉伸强度的根本措施，也是科技工作者研究的热门课题。在某种意义上说，提高强度的过程实质上就是减少、减小缺陷的过程。
(3)在预氧化过程中，保证均质化的前提下，尽可能缩短预氧化时间。这是降低生产成本的方向性课题。
(4)研究高温技术和高温设备以及相关的重要构件。高温炭化温度一般在1300到1800℃，石墨化一般在2500到3000℃。在如此高的温度下操作，既要连续运行、又要提高设备的使用寿命，所以研究新一代高温技术和高温设备就显得格外重要。如在惰性气体保护、无氧状态下进行的微波、等离子和感应加热等技术。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种列车，该列车包括上述列车车窗结构。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种列车车窗结构，其特征在于，包括：
    车窗窗框(10)；
    车窗玻璃(20)，所述车窗玻璃(20)设置于所述车窗窗框(10)上，所述车窗玻璃(20)的内部具有中空结构(21)；
    显示器，设置于所述中空结构(21)内并用于在所述车窗玻璃(20)上显示信息。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的列车车窗结构，其特征在于，所述显示器包括发光面板(24)，所述发光面板(24)与所述车窗玻璃(20)相配合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的列车车窗结构，其特征在于，所述发光面板(24)包括OLED面板。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的列车车窗结构，其特征在于，所述车窗玻璃(20)包括：
    外层玻璃(22)与内层玻璃(23)，所述外层玻璃(22)和所述内层玻璃(23)相对设置，所述外层玻璃(22)与所述内层玻璃(23)之间形成所述中空结构(21)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的列车车窗结构，其特征在于，所述列车车窗结构还包括：
    连接件(30)，设置于所述车窗窗框(10)上，所述外层玻璃(22)与所述内层玻璃(23)通过所述连接件(30)相连接。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的列车车窗结构，其特征在于，所述列车车窗结构还包括：
    第一密封胶(40)，设置于所述中空结构(21)内以将所述外层玻璃(22)与所述内层玻璃(23)的连接处进行密封。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的列车车窗结构，其特征在于，所述车窗窗框(10)具有第一止挡凸筋(11)，所述连接件(30)的第一端与所述第一止挡凸筋(11)相抵接，所述内层玻璃(23)设置于所述连接件(30)的第一端上，所述外层玻璃(22)设置于所述连接件(30)的第二端上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的列车车窗结构，其特征在于，所述车窗窗框(10)具有第二止挡凸筋(12)，所述第二止挡凸筋(12)远离所述内层玻璃(23)设置，所述第二止挡凸筋(12)与所述第一止挡凸筋(11)之间形成密封卡槽(13)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的列车车窗结构，其特征在于，所述列车车窗结构还包括：
    第二密封胶(50)，设置于所述密封卡槽(13)内以将所述第一止挡凸筋(11)与所述内层玻璃(23)之间形成的缝隙进行密封。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的列车车窗结构，其特征在于，所述车窗玻璃(20)包括：
    外层玻璃(22)与内层玻璃(23)，所述外层玻璃(22)与所述内层玻璃(23)相对 设置，所述外层玻璃(22)与所述内层玻璃(23)之间具有距离地设置；
    密封条(25)，所述外层玻璃(22)与所述内层玻璃(23)通过所述密封条(25)相连接，所述密封条(25)与所述外层玻璃(22)和所述内层玻璃(23)之间形成所述中空结构(21)，所述外层玻璃(22)的外表面上设置有自清洁材料层。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的列车车窗结构，其特征在于，所述外层玻璃(22)包括：
    第一聚碳酸酯板(221)，所述第一聚碳酸酯板(221)与所述内层玻璃(23)相对设置，所述自清洁材料层设置于所述第一聚碳酸酯板(221)的外表面上。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的列车车窗结构，其特征在于，所述外层玻璃(22)还包括：
    PVB膜层，所述PVB膜层的一个表面与所述第一聚碳酸酯板(221)的内表面相连接；
    第二聚碳酸酯板(222)，所述PVB膜层的另一个表面与所述第二聚碳酸酯板(222)相连接，所述第二聚碳酸酯板(222)通过所述密封条(25)与所述外层玻璃(22)相连接。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的列车车窗结构，其特征在于，所述外层玻璃(22)还包括：
    PU膜层，所述PU膜层的一个表面与所述第一聚碳酸酯板(221)的内表面相连接；
    第二聚碳酸酯板(222)，所述PU膜层的另一个表面与所述第二聚碳酸酯板(222)相连接，所述第二聚碳酸酯板(222)通过所述密封条(25)与所述外层玻璃(22)相连接。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的列车车窗结构，其特征在于，所述第一聚碳酸酯板(221)和/或所述第二聚碳酸酯板(222)的表面上设置有纳米陶瓷膜。
  15. 根据权利要求10所述的列车车窗结构，其特征在于，所述中空结构(21)内用于容纳空气或氩气。
  16. 根据权利要求10所述的列车车窗结构，其特征在于，所述内层玻璃(23)包括：
    单向透视膜层，所述单向透视膜层设置于所述内层玻璃(23)的内表面或外表面上。
  17. 根据权利要求10所述的列车车窗结构，其特征在于，所述内层玻璃(23)的厚度为L，其中，3.5mm≤L≤4.5mm。
  18. 根据权利要求10所述的列车车窗结构，其特征在于，所述自清洁材料层为锐钛矿型二氧化钛材料层。
  19. 一种列车，包括列车车窗结构，其特征在于，所述列车车窗结构为权利要求1至18中任一项所述的列车车窗结构。
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