WO2018082287A1 - 一种水基切削液及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种水基切削液及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2018082287A1
WO2018082287A1 PCT/CN2017/085922 CN2017085922W WO2018082287A1 WO 2018082287 A1 WO2018082287 A1 WO 2018082287A1 CN 2017085922 W CN2017085922 W CN 2017085922W WO 2018082287 A1 WO2018082287 A1 WO 2018082287A1
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weight
parts
water
cutting fluid
based cutting
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PCT/CN2017/085922
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English (en)
French (fr)
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傅士超
吴龙铁
王凯华
吴桂勤
杨华
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南通科星化工有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/02—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/05—Metals; Alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/127—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids polycarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/18—Anti-foaming property
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/64—Environmental friendly compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/72—Extended drain
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling

Definitions

  • the application relates to the field of metal processing, in particular to a water-based cutting fluid and a preparation method thereof.
  • the metal cutting fluid refers to a cooling lubricant used for metal cutting.
  • metal cutting fluid is one of the indispensable production factors in most processing. It mainly improves the surface quality of the workpiece, improves the machining accuracy and prolongs the tool life by cooling, lubricating, cleaning and rust prevention. Improve the corrosion resistance of the surface of the workpiece.
  • water-based cutting fluid In China, the current practical difference between water-based cutting fluid and oil-based cutting fluid is relatively large, such as oil-based cutting fluid in tool durability, workpiece dimensional accuracy, surface roughness and rust prevention, preventing machine paint peeling, use maintenance, management And waste liquid treatment is better than water-based cutting fluid.
  • water-based cutting oils such as water-based synthetic grinding fluids, microemulsion cutting fluids, and emulsified cutting fluids, which have increased consumption, they have their own performance characteristics, such as storage and use stability and cooling of fully synthetic cutting fluids.
  • water-based cutting fluids are the best in terms of overall performance. Therefore, research on an environmentally-friendly high-performance water-based cutting fluid has become the focus of attention in the industry.
  • Another object of the present application is to provide a method of preparing a water-based cutting fluid.
  • the water-based cutting fluid of the present application comprises the following components: 18-25 parts by weight of an alcohol amine or amide; 15-25 parts by weight of an organic acid; 15-25 parts by weight of a mineral or inorganic acid salt; -22 parts by weight of nonionic surfactant; 0.2-0.4 parts by weight of nanosilver; 1-3 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol 200-400 or 0.3-0.6 parts by weight of nano-silica; and 15-30 Parts by weight of deionized water.
  • the alcoholamine is selected from the group consisting of triethanolamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine.
  • the mineral acid is selected from the group consisting of boric acid; the inorganic acid salt is selected from the group consisting of molybdates and borate salts.
  • the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of azelaic acid and oleic acid.
  • polyethylene glycol 200-400 is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 300, and polyethylene glycol 400.
  • the nanosilver may be nanosilver particles and the average particle size may be in the range of about 5 nm to 10 nm.
  • the nano-silica may be nano-silica particles and the average particle size may be in the range of about 5 nm to 10 nm.
  • the nonionic surfactant may be a nonionic surfactant commonly used in the art, such as a group selected from the group consisting of Tween-80, Span 80, and higher fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.
  • the water-based cutting fluid of the present application comprises the following components: 19 parts by weight of an alcohol amine or amide, 18 parts by weight of an organic acid, 21 parts by weight of a mineral or inorganic acid salt, and 18 parts by weight of a nonionic type.
  • a surfactant 0.3 parts by weight of nanosilver, 2 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol 300, and 23 parts by weight of deionized water.
  • the method for preparing a water-based cutting fluid of the present application comprises the steps of: first reacting a portion of an alcohol amine or amide with a mineral acid or inorganic salt at a weight ratio of 1:3 to obtain an esterified product; The second reaction of another portion of the alcoholamine or amide with the organic acid in a weight ratio of 2:3 in the water reactor 10-15 minutes, then add the esterified product, and then add nonionic surfactant, polyethylene glycol 200-400 or nano-silica, nano-silver mixed reaction for 25-30 minutes.
  • the water-based cutting fluid of the present application When used, it is diluted with water by a volume ratio of 3-5% for lubrication, cooling, washing, rust prevention, etc. of industrial cutting and grinding.
  • the nano silver particles added in the water-based cutting fluid of the present application improve the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the cutting fluid, and ensure that the lubricating performance of the cutting fluid does not decrease.
  • the polyethylene glycol 200-400 or nano silica particles added in the water-based cutting fluid of the present application can carry the nano silver particles as a dispersing agent, thereby ensuring the bactericidal effect of the nano silver; and adding the water-based cutting fluid of the present application
  • the polyethylene glycol 200-400 or nano silica particles have good dispersibility and stability in the organic phase, and a film with a low coefficient of friction can be formed during the rubbing process, and the friction surface is repaired to some extent. And can play the role of micro-bearing, improve load bearing capacity and reduce friction coefficient.
  • the water-based cutting fluid of the present application has many beneficial effects, such as long life, the service life of the cutting fluid is more than one year without the addition of the sterilizing agent; good rust and corrosion resistance, and the ferrous and non-ferrous metals are It has anti-rust and anti-corrosion properties; good extreme pressure lubricity; excellent oil discharge and decontamination; excellent defoaming property; good metal chip sedimentation; excellent wettability; environmental friendliness, no nitrite , harmful substances such as phenol, chlorine and heavy metals, in line with green environmental protection requirements; versatility, can be used for processing of various metals such as cast iron, carbon steel, alloy steel, copper, aluminum, etc., to meet the car, milling, drilling, etc. of machinery manufacturers Grinding and other processing requirements; and zero emission, that is, through the addition of new liquid, can be used repeatedly for a long time without discharge.
  • the chemical reagents used were all commercially available chemical reagents.
  • the nanosilver and nanosilica in the following examples are nanosilver particles and nanosilica particles having an average particle diameter in the range of about 5 nm to 10 nm.
  • the reaction conditions such as temperature and pressure involved in the chemical reaction in the following examples are conventional choices to those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified.
  • the first reaction was carried out by adding 18 kg of boric acid and 6 kg of triethanolamine to the first reaction vessel to obtain triethanolamine borate.
  • 16kg Tween-80, 0.5kg nano-silica and 0.3kg nano-silver were mixed and reacted for 30 minutes to obtain a water-based cutting fluid.
  • the maximum unclutched load value PB of the obtained water-based cutting fluid was measured by GB-T 3142-1982 lubricant bearing capacity measurement method (four-ball method) to be 82 kg, and the sintering load value PD was 124 kg.
  • the first reaction was carried out by adding 21 kg of boric acid and 7 kg of triethanolamine to the first reaction vessel to obtain a triethanolamine borate.
  • 18 kg Tween-80, 2 kg of polyethylene glycol 300 and 0.3 kg of nano silver were mixed and reacted for 30 minutes to obtain a water-based cutting fluid.
  • the maximum no-bite load value PB of the obtained water-based cutting fluid was measured by GB-T 3142-1982 lubricant bearing capacity measurement method (four-ball method), and the sintering load value PD was 124 kg.
  • the maximum unclutched load value PB of the obtained water-based cutting fluid was measured by GB-T 3142-1982 lubricant bearing capacity measurement method (four-ball method) to be 87 kg, and the sintering load value PD was 122 kg.
  • the first reaction was carried out by adding 24 kg of boric acid and 8 kg of triethanolamine to the first reaction vessel to obtain triethanolamine borate.
  • 17kg Tween-80, 0.6kg nano-silica and 0.3kg nano-silver were mixed and reacted for 30 minutes to obtain a water-based cutting fluid.
  • the maximum unclutched load value PB of the obtained water-based cutting fluid was measured by GB-T 3142-1982 lubricant bearing capacity measurement method (four-ball method) to be 83 kg, and the sintering load value PD was 118 kg.
  • the first reaction was carried out by adding 21 kg of boric acid and 7 kg of triethanolamine to the first reaction vessel to obtain a triethanolamine borate.
  • To the second reactor to which 25 kg of deionized water was added, 24 kg of sebacic acid and 16 kg of triethanolamine were added for the second reaction for 10 minutes to obtain a triethanolamine sebacate, followed by the obtained triethanolamine borate, and then sequentially added.
  • 15 kg of Tween-80, 0.6 kg of nano-silica and 0.3 kg of nano-silver were mixed and reacted for 30 minutes to obtain a water-based cutting fluid.
  • the maximum unclutched load value PB of the obtained water-based cutting fluid was measured by GB-T 3142-1982 lubricant bearing capacity measurement method (four-ball method) to be 85 kg, and the sintering load value PD was 125 kg.
  • the maximum cardless load value PB of the water-based cutting fluid of the present application can reach 90 kg, and the sintering load value PD can reach 126 kg, which indicates that the water-based cutting fluid of the present application has excellent lubricity and extreme pressure.
  • the water-based cutting fluid prepared by the embodiments of the present application has no rust and deterioration during use, and can be sustainable. Use for more than one year.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

一种水基切削液及其制备方法，水基切削液包括以下组分：18‑25重量份的醇胺或酰胺、15‑25重量份的有机酸，15‑25重量份的无机酸或无机酸盐、15‑22重量份的非离子型表面活性剂、0.2‑0.4重量份的纳米银、1‑3重量份的聚乙二醇200‑400或0.3‑0.6重量份的纳米二氧化硅以及15‑30重量份的去离子水。该水基切削液润滑、冷却、清洗、防锈性能均较好，且不添加任何杀菌防腐剂，对环境友好。

Description

一种水基切削液及其制备方法 技术领域
本申请涉及金属加工领域，特别是一种水基切削液及其制备方法。
背景技术
金属切削液是指用于金属切削加工的冷却润滑液。金属切削液作为机械加工重要的配套材料，是大多数加工中不可缺少的生产要素之一，主要通过冷却、润滑、清洗和防锈等作用，改善工件表面质量，提高加工精度，延长刀具寿命，提高工件表面的防蚀能力。
随着水基金属加工液的普及，产品废液的排放已成为金属加工厂急待解决的问题，阻碍了制造业的绿色化。据不完全统计，中国大陆地区仅机械制造业废切削液的日排量已达2亿多吨。到目前为止，包括进口产品在内的所有金属加工液的废液都未能达到国家规定的排放标准。由于国家非常重视环境保护，提出了清洁生产、节能减排、低碳等，促使了当前金属加工液朝着环保、节能、高效、通用的方向发展。在国内，目前水基切削液与油基切削液实用性能差距还比较大，如油基切削液在刀具耐用度，工件尺寸精度、表面粗糙度和防锈、防止机床油漆剥落，使用维护、管理及废液处理等方面要优于水基切削液。而作为消耗量不断增加的水基全合成切削液、微乳切削液、乳化切削液等水基切削油，它们又具有各自的性能特点，如全合成切削液在储存与使用稳定性、冷却性、清洗性、抗硬水性、抗菌性等方面优于乳化型和微乳型切削液，但在润滑性、防锈性、对机床油漆侵蚀性、对操作者皮肤损害，以及废液处理方面却处于劣势。
虽然3种水基加工液各有优缺点，但就综合性能而言，水基切削液最好，因此研究一种环保的高性能水基切削液已成为业内关注的焦点。
发明内容
本申请的一个目的是提供一种水基切削液。
本申请的另一个目的是提供一种制备水基切削液的方法。
在一个方面，本申请的水基切削液包括以下组分：18-25重量份的醇胺或酰胺；15-25重量份的有机酸；15-25重量份的无机酸或无机酸盐；15-22重量份的非离子型表面活性剂；0.2-0.4重量份的纳米银；1-3重量份的聚乙二醇200-400或0.3-0.6重量份的纳米二氧化硅；以及15-30重量份的去离子水。
可选地，醇胺选自由三乙醇胺、单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺组成的组。
可选地，无机酸选自硼酸；所述无机酸盐选自钼酸盐和硼酸盐。
可选地，有机酸选自癸二酸和油酸。
可选地，聚乙二醇200-400选自由聚乙二醇200、聚乙二醇300以及聚乙二醇400组成的组。
可选地，纳米银可以是纳米银颗粒，平均粒径可以在约5nm-10nm的范围内。
可选地，纳米二氧化硅可以是纳米二氧化硅颗粒，平均粒径可以在约5nm-10nm的范围内。
可选地，非离子型表面活性剂可以采用本领域常用的非离子型表面活性剂，如选自由吐温-80、司盘80以及高级脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚组成的组。
可选地，本申请的水基切削液包括以下组分：19重量份的醇胺或酰胺、18重量份的有机酸，21重量份的无机酸或无机酸盐、18重量份的非离子型表面活性剂、0.3重量份的纳米银、2重量份的聚乙二醇300以及23重量份的去离子水。
在另一方面，本申请的水基切削液的制备方法包括下述步骤：使一部分醇胺或酰胺与无机酸或无机盐以重量比1:3进行第一反应得到酯化物；在含有去离子水的反应器中使另一部分醇胺或酰胺与有机酸以重量比2:3进行第二反应 10-15分钟，然后加入所述酯化物，再依次加入非离子型表面活性剂、聚乙二醇200-400或纳米二氧化硅、纳米银混合反应25-30分钟，即得。
使用本申请的水基切削液时，将其与水按体积比3-5％稀释，用于工业切削和磨削等的润滑、冷却、清洗、防锈等。
本申请的水基切削液中添加的纳米银颗粒提高了切削液的抗菌防霉性能，保障切削液的润滑性能不会下降。本申请的水基切削液中添加的聚乙二醇200-400或纳米二氧化硅颗粒能够作为分散剂承载纳米银颗粒，从而保证纳米银的杀菌效果；同时本申请的水基切削液中添加的聚乙二醇200-400或纳米二氧化硅颗粒在有机相中具有良好的分散性和稳定性，在摩擦过程中可形成一层摩擦系数较低的薄膜，对摩擦表面进行一定程度的修补，且能够起到微轴承作用，提高承载能力，降低摩擦系数。
本申请的水基切削液具有诸多有益效果，如长寿命性，在不加杀菌剂的情况下，切削液使用寿命达到一年以上；良好的防锈、防腐性，对黑色金属和有色金属均具有防锈和防腐性能；良好的极压润滑性；优异的排油除污性；优异的消泡性；良好的金属屑沉降性；优异的润湿性；环境友好性，不含亚硝酸盐、酚、氯及重金属等有害物质，符合绿色环保要求；多功能性，可用于铸铁、碳钢、合金钢、铜、铝等多种金属的加工，满足机械制造厂的车、铣、钻、磨等多种加工工艺的要求；以及零排放性，即通过补加新液，可长期反复使用，无需排放。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请具体实施例对本申请技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请的部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请 保护的范围。
在以下本申请的实施例中，所用的化学试剂均为市购获得的化学试剂。以下实施例中的纳米银和纳米二氧化硅为平均粒径在约5nm-10nm的范围内的纳米银颗粒和纳米二氧化硅颗粒。此外，如果没有具体说明，下述实施例中的化学反应所涉及的诸如温度和压力之类的反应条件对本领域技术人员都是常规的选择。
实施例1
向第一反应釜中加入18kg硼酸和6kg三乙醇胺进行第一反应得到三乙醇胺硼酸酯。向加入有23kg去离子水的第二反应釜中加入21kg癸二酸和14kg三乙醇胺进行第二反应15分钟得到癸二酸三乙醇胺盐，接着加入所得到的三乙醇胺硼酸酯，再依次加入16kg吐温-80、0.5kg纳米二氧化硅以及0.3kg纳米银混合反应30分钟，即得水基切削液。采用GB-T 3142-1982润滑剂承载能力测定法(四球法)测得所得到的水基切削液的最大无卡咬负荷值PB为82kg、烧结负荷值PD为124kg。
实施例2
向第一反应釜中加入21kg硼酸和7kg三乙醇胺进行第一反应得到三乙醇胺硼酸酯。向加入有23kg去离子水的第二反应釜中加入18kg癸二酸和12kg三乙醇胺进行第二反应12分钟得到癸二酸三乙醇胺盐，接着加入所得到的三乙醇胺硼酸酯，再依次加入18kg吐温-80、2kg聚乙二醇300以及0.3kg纳米银混合反应30分钟，即得水基切削液。采用GB-T 3142-1982润滑剂承载能力测定法(四球法)测得所得到的水基切削液的最大无卡咬负荷值PB为90kg、烧结负荷值PD为124kg。
实施例3
向第一反应釜中加入24kg硼酸和8kg三乙醇胺进行第一反应得到三乙醇胺 硼酸酯。向加入有24kg去离子水的第二反应釜中加入18kg癸二酸和12kg三乙醇胺进行第二反应10分钟得到癸二酸三乙醇胺盐，接着加入所得到的三乙醇胺硼酸酯，再依次加入15kg吐温-80、0.5kg纳米二氧化硅以及0.2kg纳米银混合反应30分钟，即得水基切削液。采用GB-T 3142-1982润滑剂承载能力测定法(四球法)测得所得到的水基切削液的最大无卡咬负荷值PB为87kg、烧结负荷值PD为122kg。
实施例4
向第一反应釜中加入24kg硼酸和8kg三乙醇胺进行第一反应得到三乙醇胺硼酸酯。向加入有28kg去离子水的第二反应釜中加入15kg癸二酸和10kg三乙醇胺进行第二反应10分钟得到癸二酸三乙醇胺盐，接着加入所得到的三乙醇胺硼酸酯，再依次加入17kg吐温-80、0.6kg纳米二氧化硅以及0.3kg纳米银混合反应30分钟，即得水基切削液。采用GB-T 3142-1982润滑剂承载能力测定法(四球法)测得所得到的水基切削液的最大无卡咬负荷值PB为83kg、烧结负荷值PD为118kg。
实施例5
向第一反应釜中加入21kg硼酸和7kg三乙醇胺进行第一反应得到三乙醇胺硼酸酯。向加入有25kg去离子水的第二反应釜中加入24kg癸二酸和16kg三乙醇胺进行第二反应10分钟得到癸二酸三乙醇胺盐，接着加入所得到的三乙醇胺硼酸酯，再依次加入15kg吐温-80、0.6kg纳米二氧化硅以及0.3kg纳米银混合反应30分钟，即得水基切削液。采用GB-T 3142-1982润滑剂承载能力测定法(四球法)测得所得到的水基切削液的最大无卡咬负荷值PB为85kg、烧结负荷值PD为125kg。
本申请的水基切削液的最大无卡咬负荷值PB可达90kg、烧结负荷值PD可达126kg，这说明本申请的水基切削液兼具优异的润滑性和极压性。本申请各实施例制备得到的水基切削液在使用过程中金属未有生锈、变质现象，可持续 使用一年以上。
以上所述仅为本申请的实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请。对于本领域技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原理之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种水基切削液，包括以下组分：18-25重量份的醇胺或酰胺；15-25重量份的有机酸；15-25重量份的无机酸或无机酸盐；15-22重量份的非离子型表面活性剂；0.2-0.4重量份的纳米银；1-3重量份的聚乙二醇200-400或0.3-0.6重量份的纳米二氧化硅；以及15-30重量份的去离子水。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的水基切削液，其中所述醇胺选自由三乙醇胺、单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺组成的组。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的水基切削液，其中所述无机酸选自硼酸；所述无机酸盐选自钼酸盐和硼酸盐。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的水基切削液，其中所述有机酸选自癸二酸和油酸。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的水基切削液，其中所述非离子型表面活性剂选自由吐温-80、司盘-80和高级脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚组成的组。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的水基切削液，其中所述水基切削液包括以下组分：19重量份的醇胺或酰胺、18重量份的有机酸，21重量份的无机酸或无机酸盐、18重量份的非离子型表面活性剂、0.3重量份的纳米银、2重量份的聚乙二醇300以及23重量份的去离子水。
  7. 一种制备如权利要求1所述的水基切削液的方法，所述方法包括下述步骤：使一部分醇胺或酰胺与无机酸或无机盐以重量比1:3进行第一反应得到酯化物；在含有去离子水的反应器中使另一部分醇胺或酰胺与有机酸以重量比2:3进行第二反应10-15分钟，然后加入所述酯化物，再依次加入非离子型表面活性剂、聚乙二醇200-400或纳米二氧化硅、纳米银混合反应25-30分钟，即得。
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