WO2018076536A1 - 散热式电磁换向阀 - Google Patents

散热式电磁换向阀 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018076536A1
WO2018076536A1 PCT/CN2016/113372 CN2016113372W WO2018076536A1 WO 2018076536 A1 WO2018076536 A1 WO 2018076536A1 CN 2016113372 W CN2016113372 W CN 2016113372W WO 2018076536 A1 WO2018076536 A1 WO 2018076536A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve body
oil
valve
core
heat
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PCT/CN2016/113372
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王小康
岳烨冬
盛建新
Original Assignee
常州市康士达机电有限公司
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Application filed by 常州市康士达机电有限公司 filed Critical 常州市康士达机电有限公司
Publication of WO2018076536A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018076536A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0603—Multiple-way valves
    • F16K31/061—Sliding valves
    • F16K31/0613—Sliding valves with cylindrical slides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0675—Electromagnet aspects, e.g. electric supply therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic reversing valve, in particular to a heat dissipating electromagnetic reversing valve for an engineering vehicle.
  • the electromagnetic reversing valve used in the existing engineering vehicle includes a valve body, a valve core and an electromagnet assembly, and the electromagnet assembly includes a first iron core, a second iron core, The yoke and the insulating protective layer, and the insulating protective layer is coated on the outer circumference of the first iron core and the yoke, and the first iron core, the second iron core and the valve body are integrally connected by four fasteners.
  • the electromagnetic reversing valve of the structure has two shortcomings: First, since the four fasteners directly pass through the first iron core and the second iron core and are fixedly connected with the valve body, the assembly process In the middle, the torque of the four fasteners is unbalanced due to lack of support, and warping, side slanting, and pressing are easily generated, and the armature is blocked on the inner wall of the magnetic shielding sleeve, which affects the normal use of the product. Second, since the insulating protective layer is coated on the outer periphery of the yoke, the heat dissipation performance of the electromagnet assembly is affected, which further affects electrical properties, magnetic properties, mechanical properties, and mechanical properties.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a heat-dissipating electromagnetic reversing valve which not only has good heat dissipation but also has a good assembly effect and is not easy to block the armature, thereby overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • a heat-dissipating electromagnetic reversing valve comprising a valve body, a valve core, a valve body end cover and an electromagnet assembly
  • the valve body includes a first oil port, a second oil port, a oil return port, an oil inlet port, and a valve body main hole provided along an axial direction thereof, and a first axially spaced apart inner wall along the inner wall of the valve body main hole
  • the oil passage, the second oil passage and the third oil passage, the first oil port is in communication with the first oil passage
  • the second oil port is in communication with the third oil passage
  • the oil inlet port is in communication with the second oil passage.
  • the first oil passage, the second oil passage and the third oil passage are all connected to the main hole of the valve body;
  • the valve body is provided with an oil return flow passage, and the oil return port is connected with the oil return flow passage, and two ends of the oil return flow passage are respectively located outside the first oil passage and the third oil passage, and the oil return flow passage Both ends are connected to the main hole of the valve body;
  • valve body end cover is sealingly connected with the other end of the valve body
  • the main body of the valve body is located between the two ends of the oil return flow passage, and the first step of the valve body, the second step of the valve body, the third step of the valve body and the fourth step of the valve body are arranged separately in the axial direction;
  • the valve core is disposed in a main body of the valve body of the valve body, the central portion of the valve core has a first boss of the valve core and a second boss of the valve core which are arranged separately in the axial direction, and the first boss and the valve core of the valve core An oil passage surface is disposed on the second boss;
  • the electromagnet assembly includes a first iron core, a second iron core, an armature, a push-pull rod, a coil, a return spring, a yoke, and a magnetic shield And a magnetic conductive ring, one end of the armature is assembled or integrated with one end of the push-pull rod, and two ends of the magnetic isolation sleeve are respectively assembled or welded on the first iron core and the second iron core, and magnetically separated
  • the sleeve is located on the outer circumference of the armature, the coil is disposed on the outer circumference of the magnetic shielding sleeve, and a magnetic conductive ring is disposed between the two coils, and the yoke is disposed on the outer circumference of the two coils;
  • the first iron core is provided with an axial stepped hole, and the stepped hole is provided with a gasket, the push-pull rod has a limiting protrusion, the limiting protrusion is abutted on one side of the gasket, and the push-pull rod is The other end passes through the gasket and is fixedly connected to one end of the valve core.
  • One end of the valve core is provided with a spring seat, and the outer circumference of the other end of the push-pull rod is provided with a return spring, and one end of the return spring is opposite to the side of the spring seat.
  • the other end of the return spring is offset from the other side of the gasket; the innovation is:
  • the electromagnet assembly further includes a heat dissipating bracket, the yoke is disposed in the mounting through hole of the heat dissipating bracket, and the second iron core is sealingly connected to one end of the heat dissipating bracket;
  • the heat dissipating bracket is provided with a plurality of connecting through holes, and the second iron core, the heat dissipating bracket, the first iron core and the valve body are fixedly connected by the fastener through the connecting through hole;
  • a heat dissipating fin is disposed on an outer wall of the heat dissipating bracket
  • the inner wall of the mounting through hole of the heat dissipation bracket is provided with a plurality of radial drainage holes
  • a heat insulating gasket is disposed between the valve body and the heat dissipation bracket, and the heat insulation gasket is disposed on the outer circumference of the first iron core.
  • the outer circumference of the coil is injection molded with a coil protection layer, and the coil protection layer is a thermoplastic or a thermosetting plastic.
  • the outer wall of the heat dissipation bracket has three side wall surfaces with heat dissipating fins, and one of the side wall surfaces has an axial gap.
  • valve body end cover is provided with a first manual push rod mounting hole and is equipped with a first manual push rod, and the outer circumference of the first manual push rod and the valve body end cover A manual push rod mounting hole is sealingly connected, and the inner end of the first manual push rod can be abutted or separated from the other end of the spool.
  • a seal ring is disposed between an outer circumference of the shaft of the first manual push rod and a first manual push rod mounting hole of the valve body end cover; the inner end of the first manual push rod has a first A rod cap and the first rod cap of the first manual push rod can abut or separate from the other end of the spool.
  • the second iron core is provided with a second manual push rod mounting hole and is equipped with a second manual push rod, and the outer circumference and the second hand of the handle of the second manual push rod A sealing ring is arranged between the mounting holes of the push rod.
  • the inner end of the second manual push rod has a second rod cap, and the second rod cap of the second manual push rod can abut or separate from the other end of the armature.
  • the two ends of the valve core further have a valve core ⁇ three bosses and a fourth core of the valve core;
  • the valve body is further provided with a hydraulic pressure balanced flow path, and the oil pressure balanced flow path
  • the two ends are respectively located on the outer sides of the oil return flow path, and the oil
  • the two ends of the pressure balance flow channel are in communication with the main hole of the valve body, and the two ends of the main hole of the valve body in the valve body are respectively provided with a fifth step of the valve body and a sixth step of the valve body, the fifth step of the valve body and the valve
  • the sixth step of the body is respectively located at the outer side of the oil return flow path and the inner side of the oil pressure balance flow path;
  • the valve core ⁇ three bosses at the two ends of the valve core and the fourth boss of the valve core respectively correspond to the corresponding valve body fifth
  • the step and the sixth step of the valve body are slidably engaged; the other side of the spring seat can abut against the sixth step of the valve body and
  • the electromagnet assembly of the present invention further includes a heat dissipating bracket, the yoke is disposed in the mounting through hole of the heat dissipating bracket, and the second iron core is sealingly connected to one end of the heat dissipating bracket; Because the heat dissipation performance of the heat dissipation bracket is good, the insulation protection layer coated on the outer circumference of the first core and the yoke in the prior art is replaced, so that the invention has the advantages of good heat dissipation; and because the heat dissipation bracket is provided with several Connecting the through hole, the second iron core, the heat dissipation bracket, the first iron core and the valve body are fixedly connected by the fastener through the connection through hole; thus, the valve body, the first iron core, the heat dissipation bracket and the second iron are When the core is assembled, the fastener passes through the connecting through hole of the heat dissipation bracket, and the heat dissipation bracket
  • the armature is not easily blocked in the magnetic isolation sleeve; and the heat dissipation fins are disposed on the outer wall of the heat dissipation bracket; thus, the direct heat dissipation performance of the heat dissipation can be further improved;
  • the inner wall of the installation through hole is provided with a plurality of radial drainage holes; thus, when the external environment of the electromagnetic reversing valve is rainwater, the heat dissipation bracket can be discharged through the drainage hole, so that water accumulation does not occur inside the heat dissipation bracket.
  • the moisture in the heat dissipation bracket can also evaporate water vapor through the drainage hole, so that the insulation performance of the invention is good; and because the valve body and the heat dissipation bracket are insulated
  • the gasket and the heat insulating gasket are disposed on the outer circumference of the first iron core; the heat generated by the valve body under the working condition is prevented from being transmitted to the electromagnet assembly, which affects the heat dissipation of the electromagnet assembly and reduces the reliability of the use of the electromagnet assembly.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the valve body of Figure 1 taken along the line B-B;
  • Figure 4 is a bottom plan view of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the heat dissipation bracket of Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a front elevational view of the heat dissipation bracket of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a left side view of Figure 6;
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of Figure 8.
  • a heat-dissipating electromagnetic reversing valve includes a valve body 1, a valve core 2, a valve body end cover 3, and an electromagnet assembly 4. ;
  • the valve body 1 includes a first oil port 1-4, a second oil port 1-5, a oil return port 1-6, an oil inlet port 1-7, and a valve body main hole 1-8 provided along an axial direction thereof. And a first oil passage 1-1, a second oil passage 1-2, and a third oil passage 1-3 axially spaced apart along an inner wall of the valve body main hole 1-8, the first oil port 1-4 In communication with the first oil passage 1-1, the second oil port 1-5 is in communication with the third oil passage 1-3, and the oil inlet port 1-7 is in communication with the second oil passage 1-2, the first The oil passage 1-1, the second oil passage 1-2, and the third oil passage 1-3 are all connected to the main body hole 1-8 of the valve body;
  • the valve body 1 is provided with an oil return flow passage 1-9, the oil return port 1-6 is connected with the oil return flow passage 1-9, and the two ends of the oil return flow passage 1-9 are respectively located at the first oil
  • the outer sides of the lanes 1-1 and the third oil passages 1-3, and the two ends of the oil return flow passages 1-9 are in communication with the valve body main holes 1-8;
  • valve body 1 One end of the valve body 1 is fixedly connected to the electromagnet assembly 4, and the valve body end cover 3 is sealingly connected to the other end of the valve body 1;
  • valve body main hole 1-8 is located between the two ends of the oil return flow path 1-9, and the valve body first step 1-111 and the valve body second step 1-12 are arranged separately in the axial direction.
  • the valve body 2 is disposed in the valve body main hole 1-8 of the valve body 1, and the central portion of the valve body 2 has a spool first boss 2-1 and a second spool 2 in the axial direction. 2, and the valve body first boss 2-1 and the second core boss 2-2 of the valve core are provided with oil passage faces 2-6;
  • the electromagnet assembly 4 includes a first core 4-1, a second Iron core 4-2, armature 4-3, push-pull rod 4-3-2, coil 4-4, return spring 4-5, yoke 4-6, magnetic shield 7 and magnetically permeable ring 8, said armature 4 One end of the -3 is assembled or integrated with one end of the push-pull rod 4-3-2, and the two ends of the magnetic shield sleeve 7 are respectively assembled or welded to the first core 4-1 and the second core 4- 2, and the magnetic shield 7 is located on the outer circumference of the armature 4-3, the coil 4-4 is disposed on the outer circumference of the magnetic shield 7, and a magnetic conductive ring 8 is
  • the first core 4-1 is provided with an axial stepped hole 4-1-1, and the stepped hole 4-1-1 is provided with a spacer 5, and the push-pull rod 4-3-2 has a limit Positioning protrusion 4-3-1, the limiting protrusion 4-3-1 is abutted on one side of the spacer 5, and the other end of the push-pull rod 4-3-2 passes through the spacer 5 and is fixed to one end of the valve body 2 Connected, one end of the valve core 2 is provided with a spring seat 6, and the outer circumference of the other end of the push-pull rod 4-3-2 is provided with a return spring 4-5, and one end of the return spring 4-5 and one side of the spring seat 6 In contrast, the other end of the return spring 4-5 is opposite to the other side of the spacer 5;
  • the electromagnet assembly 4 further includes a heat dissipating bracket 4-7.
  • the yoke 4-6 is disposed in the mounting through hole 4-7-5 of the heat dissipating bracket 4-7, and the second core 4-2 is cooled.
  • One end of the bracket 4-7 is sealingly connected;
  • the heat dissipating bracket 4-7 is provided with a plurality of connecting through holes 4-7-1, and the second iron core 4-2 and the heat dissipating bracket 4-7 are connected by the fastener 11 through the connecting through hole 4-7-1.
  • the first core 4-1 and the valve body 1 are fixedly connected;
  • the outer wall of the heat dissipation bracket 4-7 is provided with heat dissipating fins 4-7-2;
  • the inner wall of the mounting through hole 4-7-5 of the heat dissipating bracket 4-7 is provided with a plurality of radial drainage holes 4-7-3;
  • a heat insulating gasket 10 is disposed between the valve body 1 and the heat dissipation bracket 4-7, and the heat insulating gasket 10 is fitted over the outer circumference of the first iron core 4-1.
  • the outer circumference of the coil 4-4 is injection molded with a coil protective layer, which is a thermoplastic or a thermosetting plastic.
  • the outer wall of the heat dissipating bracket 4-7 has three side wall surfaces with heat dissipating fins 4-7-2. There is a side wall surface with an axial gap 4-7-4.
  • the valve body end cover 3 is provided with a first manual push rod mounting hole 3-1 and is equipped with a first manual push rod 9-1, the first manual push rod 9-1
  • the outer circumference of the shank is sealingly connected to the first manual push rod mounting hole 3-1 of the valve body end cover 3, and the inner end of the first manual push rod 9-1 can be abutted or separated from the other end of the spool 2.
  • an outer circumference of the shank of the first manual push rod 9-1 and a first manual push rod mounting hole 3-1 of the valve body end cover 3 are provided.
  • the other end of 2 is offset or separated.
  • the inner end of the second manual push rod 9-2 has a second rod cap 9-2-1, and the second rod cap 9-2-1 of the second manual push rod 9-2 can be coupled with the armature 4
  • the other end of 3 is offset or separated.
  • the second push handle can be pushed to push the armature and indirectly push the spool
  • the second iron core 4-2 is provided with a second manual push rod mounting hole 4-2-1 and is equipped with a second manual push rod 9-2
  • the second hand A seal ring is provided between the outer circumference of the shank of the push rod 9-2 and the second manual push rod mounting hole 4-2-1.
  • the two ends of the valve core 2 further have a valve core ⁇ three bosses 2-3 and a fourth core boss 2-4; the valve body 1 is also provided with a hydraulic pressure balanced flow.
  • Lanes 1-10, the two ends of the oil pressure balance flow passage 1-10 are respectively located outside the oil return flow passages 1-9, and both ends of the oil pressure balance flow passage 1-10 and the valve body main hole 1 - 8 phases are connected, and the two ends of the valve body main hole 1-8 in the valve body 1 are respectively provided with a fifth step 1-15 of the valve body and a sixth step 1-16 of the valve body in the axial direction, and the fifth step 1 - of the valve body 15 and the sixth step 1-16 of the valve body are respectively located at the outer side of the oil return flow path 1-9 and the inner side of the oil pressure balance flow path 1-10;
  • the valve core ⁇ three bosses 2-3 at both ends of the valve core 2 and the fourth boss 2-4 of the valve core are respectively slidably engaged with the corresponding valve body fifth step 1-15 and the
  • valve body 1 of the present invention is provided with a single oil pressure balance flow path 1-10 capable of balancing the oil pressure at both ends of the valve body 2, the oil return flow path 1-3 and the oil pressure balance flow path 1 - 10 is physically separated, rather than a return flow passage of a heat-dissipating electromagnetic directional control valve of the prior art, taking into account both the oil return and the oil pressure at both ends of the balance valve, so that the pressure oil is in the oil return process.
  • the pressure oil is circulated through the oil return passage to prevent the pollutant from entering the inside of the electromagnet assembly 4, so that the contaminant does not block the interior of the electromagnet assembly 4, and the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet assembly is not consumed. Not only the reliability of use of the present invention is improved, but also the service life is long.
  • the oil passing surface is for facilitating the flow of pressure oil in one flow passage to the other flow passage, the first core boss 2-1, the second boss 2-2, and the spool
  • the outer wall of the third boss 2-3 and the fourth boss 2-4 of the valve core are provided with pressure equalizing grooves 2-7, wherein the first boss 2-1 of the valve core and the second boss 2-2 of the valve core
  • the oil inlet 1-7 is connected with the oil outlet of the oil pump, and the first oil port 1-4 and the second oil port 1-5 are respectively connected to the corresponding working oil ports of the oil cylinder,
  • the oil return port 1-6 is connected to the oil inlet of the oil tank;
  • the electromagnet assembly 4 of the present invention further includes a heat dissipating bracket 4-7, the yoke 4-6 is disposed in the mounting through hole 4-7-5 of the heat dissipating bracket 4-7, and the second core 4 2 sealingly connected with one end of the heat dissipating bracket 4-7; because the heat dissipating performance of the heat dissipating bracket is good, replacing the insulating protective layer coated on the outer circumference of the first iron core and the yoke in the prior art, the invention has the advantages of good heat dissipation.
  • the heat dissipation bracket 4-7 is provided with a plurality of connection through holes 4-7-1, the second core 4-2 and the heat dissipation bracket are connected by the fastener 11 through the connection through hole 4-7-1. 4-7, the first core 4-1 and the valve body 1 are fixedly connected; When the valve body 1, the first core 4-1, the heat dissipating bracket 4-7 and the second core 4-2 are assembled, the fastener 11 passes through the connecting through hole 4-7-1 of the heat dissipating bracket 4-7.
  • the connecting through hole 4-7-1 functions as a guiding support, so that the force of the heat dissipating bracket 4-7 is uniform, so that the torque balance of the fastener 11 can be ensured, and the armature 4 can be ensured during the assembly process.
  • the heat dissipating fins 4-7-2 are disposed on the outer wall of the heat dissipating bracket 4-7; thus, the heat dissipation performance of the heat dissipating bracket 4-7 can be further improved; Moreover, a plurality of radial drainage holes 4-7-3 are disposed on the inner wall of the mounting through hole 4-7-5 of the heat dissipation bracket 4-7; thus, when the external environment of the electromagnetic reversing valve is rainwater, The heat dissipating brackets 4-7 are discharged through the drain holes 4-7-3 so that there is no water accumulation inside the heat dissipating brackets 4-7, and the yoke 4 is between the coils 4-4 and the yokes 4-6.
  • a heat insulating gasket 10 is disposed between the valve body 1 and the heat dissipation bracket 4-7, and the heat insulating gasket 10 is disposed on the outer circumference of the first iron core 4-1 to prevent the valve body 1 from being generated under working conditions.
  • the heat is transferred to the electromagnet assembly, which affects the heat dissipation of the electromagnet assembly and reduces the reliability of the electromagnet assembly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Abstract

一种散热式电磁换向阀，包括阀体(1)、阀芯(2)、阀体端盖(3)和电磁铁组件(4)；阀体(1)的两端分别与电磁铁组件(4)和阀体端盖(3)连接；阀芯(2)设在阀体(1)内；电磁铁组件(4)包括两个铁芯(4-1) (4-2)、衔铁(4-3)、线圈(4-4)、磁轭(4-6)、隔磁套(7)，隔磁套(7)的两端分别装配在两个铁芯 (4-1) (4-2) 上，且隔磁套(7)位于衔铁(4-3)的外周，线圈(4-4)设在隔磁套(7)和磁轭(4-6)之间；所述电磁铁组件(4)还包括散热支架(4-7)，所述磁轭(4-6)设在散热支架(4-7)的安装通孔(4-7-5)中，所述第二铁芯(4-2)与散热支架(4-7)的一端密封连接；所述散热支架(4-7)上设有若干个连接通孔(4-7-1)，由紧固件(11)穿过连接通孔(4-7-1)将第二铁芯(4-2)、散热支架(4-7)、第一铁芯(4-1)和阀体(1)固定连接；所述散热支架(4-7)的外壁上设有散热翅片(4-7-2)；所述散热支架(4-7)的安装通孔(4-7-5)的内壁上设有若干个径向的引流孔(4-7-3)；所述阀体(1)与散热支架(4-7)之间设有隔热垫圈(10)，且隔热垫圈(10)套装在第一铁芯(4-1)的外周。该散热式电磁换向阀散热性好，且组装后不易卡住衔铁。

Description

散热式电磁换向阀 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电磁换向阀，具体涉及一种工程车用的散热式电磁换向阀。
背景技术
现有的工程车(包括叉车、牵引车、装载机等等)所用的电磁换向阀包括阀体、阀芯和电磁铁组件，所述电磁铁组件包括第一铁芯、第二铁芯、磁轭和绝缘保护层，且绝缘保护层包覆在第一铁芯和磁轭的外周，所述第一铁芯、第二铁芯和阀体通过四个紧固件连接为一体的。该种结构的电磁换向阀存有两方面的不足：第一，由于四个紧固件是直接穿过第一铁芯、第二铁芯并与阀体固定连接为一体，这样在装配过程中，四个紧固件的扭矩因缺少支撑而不均衡，就容易产生翘曲、侧斜、压迫，而导致衔铁卡阻在隔磁套的内壁上，影响产品的正常使用。第二，由于绝缘保护层包覆在磁轭外周，就会影响电磁铁组件的散热性能，进一步影响电性能、磁性能、力学性能以及机械性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：提供一种不仅散热性好，而且组装效果好，不易卡阻衔铁的散热式电磁换向阀，以克服现有技术的不足。
为了达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：一种散热式电磁换向阀，包括阀体、阀芯、阀体端盖和电磁铁组件；
所述阀体包括第一油口、第二油口、回油口、进油口和沿其轴向设有的阀体主孔，以及沿阀体主孔内壁上轴向分开布置的第一油道、第二油道和第三油道，所述第一油口与第一油道相连通，第二油口与第三油道相连通，进油口与第二油道相连通，所述第一油道、第二油道和第三油道均与阀体主孔相连通；
所述阀体内设有回油流道，所述回油口与回油流道相连通，回油流道的两端分别位于第一油道和第三油道的外侧，且回油流道的两端与阀体主孔相连通；
所述阀体的一端与电磁铁组件固定连接，阀体端盖与阀体的另一端密封连接；
所述阀体主孔内位于回油流道的两端之间，还有沿轴向分开布置的阀体第一台阶、阀体第二台阶、阀体第三台阶和阀体第四台阶；
所述阀芯设在阀体的阀体主孔内，阀芯的中部具有沿轴向分开布置的阀芯第一凸台和阀芯第二凸台，且阀芯第一凸台和阀芯第二凸台上均设有通油面；
所述电磁铁组件包括第一铁芯、第二铁芯、衔铁、推拉杆、线圈、复位弹簧、磁轭、隔磁套 和导磁环，所述衔铁的一端与推拉杆的一端装配连接或制成一体，所述隔磁套的两端分别装配连接或焊接在第一铁芯和第二铁芯上，且隔磁套位于衔铁的外周，所述线圈设在隔磁套的外周，且两个线圈之间装有导磁环，所述磁轭设在两个线圈的外周；
所述第一铁芯上设有轴向的台阶孔，且台阶孔内设有垫片，所述推拉杆上具有限位凸起，限位凸起抵在垫片的一侧，推拉杆的另一端穿过垫片并与阀芯的一端固定连接，所述阀芯的一端套装有弹簧座，推拉杆的另一端的外周套装有复位弹簧，且复位弹簧的一端与弹簧座的一侧相抵，所述复位弹簧的另一端与垫片的另一侧相抵；其创新点在于：
所述电磁铁组件还包括散热支架，所述磁轭设在散热支架的安装通孔中，所述第二铁芯与散热支架的一端密封连接；
所述散热支架上设有若干个连接通孔，由紧固件穿过连接通孔将第二铁芯、散热支架、第一铁芯和阀体固定连接；
所述散热支架的外壁上设有散热翅片；
所述散热支架的安装通孔的内壁上设有若干个径向的引流孔；
所述阀体与散热支架之间设有隔热垫圈，且隔热垫圈套装在第一铁芯的外周。
在上述技术方案中，所述线圈的外周注塑有线圈保护层，所述线圈保护层是热塑性塑料或热固性塑料。
在上述技术方案中，所述散热支架的外壁上有三个侧壁面具有散热翅片，有一个侧壁面具有轴向豁口。
在上述技术方案中，所述阀体端盖上设有第一手动推杆安装孔并装有第一手动推杆，所述第一手动推杆的杆柄的外周与阀体端盖的第一手动推杆安装孔密封连接，且第一手动推杆的内端能与阀芯的另一端相抵或分离。
在上述技术方案中，所述第一手动推杆的杆柄的外周与阀体端盖的第一手动推杆安装孔之间设有密封圈；所述第一手动推杆的内端具有第一杆帽，且第一手动推杆的第一杆帽能与阀芯的另一端相抵或分离。
在上述技术方案中，所述第二铁芯上设有第二手动推杆安装孔并装有第二手动推杆，所述第二手动推杆的杆柄的外周与第二手动推杆安装孔之间设有密封圈。
在上述技术方案中，所述第二手动推杆的内端具有第二杆帽，且第二手动推杆的第二杆帽能与衔铁的另一端相抵或分离。
在上述技术方案中，所述阀芯的两端还分别具有阀芯笫三凸台和阀芯第四凸台；所述阀体内还设有油压平衡流道，所述油压平衡流道的两端分别位于回油流道两端的外侧，且油 压平衡流道的两端与阀体主孔相连通，阀体内阀体主孔的两端还沿轴向分别设有阀体第五台阶和阀体第六台阶，阀体第五台阶和阀体第六台阶分别位于回油流道两端的外侧和油压平衡流道两端的内侧；所述阀芯两端的阀芯笫三凸台和阀芯第四凸台分别与相应的阀体第五台阶和阀体第六台阶滑动配合；所述弹簧座的另一侧能与阀体第六台阶和/或阀芯第四凸台相抵。
本发明所具有的积极效果是：由于本发明所述电磁铁组件还包括散热支架，所述磁轭设在散热支架的安装通孔中，所述第二铁芯与散热支架的一端密封连接；由于散热支架的散热性能好，取代了已有技术中第一铁芯和磁轭的外周包覆的绝缘保护层，使得本发明具有散热性好优点；又由于所述散热支架上设有若干个连接通孔，由紧固件穿过连接通孔将第二铁芯、散热支架、第一铁芯和阀体固定连接；这样，在将阀体、第一铁芯、散热支架和第二铁芯装配时，紧固件穿过散热支架的连接通孔，所述散热支架起到导向支撑的作用，使得紧固件受力均匀，可以保证紧固件的扭矩均衡，并且能够保证在装配过程中所述衔铁不易卡阻在隔磁套内；又由于所述散热支架的外壁上设有散热翅片；这样，可以进一步提高所述散热直接的散热性能；又由于所述散热支架的安装通孔的内壁上设有若干个径向的引流孔；这样，电磁换向阀的外界环境有雨水时，可通过引流孔排出散热支架外，使得散热支架的内部不会出现积水的情况，所述线圈与磁轭之间，磁轭与散热支架之间不会有积水，防止受潮或生锈，且不易发生短路的情况，当外界环境温度过低(冬季)时，也不容易结冰，当外界环境温度过高(夏季)时，散热支架内的水分通过引流孔还可蒸发水汽，使得本发明的绝缘性能好；又由于所述阀体与散热支架之间设有隔热垫圈，且隔热垫圈套装在第一铁芯的外周；防止阀体在工作状况下所产生的热量传递到电磁铁组件，影响电磁铁组件的散热性，降低电磁铁组件使用的可靠性。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种具体实施方式的结构示意图；
图2是图1的A-A剖视示意图；
图3是图1中阀体的B-B剖视示意图；
图4是图1的仰视示意图；
图5是图1中的散热支架的立体结构示意图；
图6是本发明散热支架的主视示意图；
图7是是图6的C-C剖视示意图；
图8是图6的左视示意图；
图9是图8的D-D剖视示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图以及给出的实施例，对本发明作进一步的说明，但并不局限于此。
如图1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9所示，一种散热式电磁换向阀，包括阀体1、阀芯2、阀体端盖3和电磁铁组件4；
所述阀体1包括第一油口1-4、第二油口1-5、回油口1-6、进油口1-7和沿其轴向设有的阀体主孔1-8，以及沿阀体主孔1-8内壁上轴向分开布置的第一油道1-1、第二油道1-2和第三油道1-3，所述第一油口1-4与第一油道1-1相连通，第二油口1-5与第三油道1-3相连通，进油口1-7与第二油道1-2相连通，所述第一油道1-1、第二油道1-2和第三油道1-3均与阀体主孔1-8相连通；
所述阀体1内设有回油流道1-9，所述回油口1-6与回油流道1-9相连通，回油流道1-9的两端分别位于第一油道1-1和第三油道1-3的外侧，且回油流道1-9的两端与阀体主孔1-8相连通；
所述阀体1的一端与电磁铁组件4固定连接，阀体端盖3与阀体1的另一端密封连接；
所述阀体主孔1-8内位于回油流道1-9的两端之间，还有沿轴向分开布置的阀体第一台阶1-11、阀体第二台阶1-12、阀体第三台阶1-13和阀体第四台阶1-14；
所述阀芯2设在阀体1的阀体主孔1-8内，阀芯2的中部具有沿轴向分开布置的阀芯第一凸台2-1和阀芯第二凸台2-2，且阀芯第一凸台2-1和阀芯第二凸台2-2上均设有通油面2-6；所述电磁铁组件4包括第一铁芯4-1、第二铁芯4-2、衔铁4-3、推拉杆4-3-2、线圈4-4、复位弹簧4-5、磁轭4-6、隔磁套7和导磁环8，所述衔铁4-3的一端与推拉杆4-3-2的一端装配连接或制成一体，所述隔磁套7的两端分别装配连接或焊接在第一铁芯4-1和第二铁芯4-2上，且隔磁套7位于衔铁4-3的外周，所述线圈4-4设在隔磁套7的外周，且两个线圈4-4之间装有导磁环8，所述磁轭4-6设在两个线圈4-4的外周；
所述第一铁芯4-1上设有轴向的台阶孔4-1-1，且台阶孔4-1-1内设有垫片5，所述推拉杆4-3-2上具有限位凸起4-3-1，限位凸起4-3-1抵在垫片5的一侧，推拉杆4-3-2的另一端穿过垫片5并与阀芯2的一端固定连接，所述阀芯2的一端套装有弹簧座6，推拉杆4-3-2的另一端的外周套装有复位弹簧4-5，且复位弹簧4-5的一端与弹簧座6的一侧相抵，所述复位弹簧4-5的另一端与垫片5的另一侧相抵；
所述电磁铁组件4还包括散热支架4-7，所述磁轭4-6设在散热支架4-7的安装通孔4-7-5中，所述第二铁芯4-2与散热支架4-7的一端密封连接；
所述散热支架4-7上设有若干个连接通孔4-7-1，由紧固件11穿过连接通孔4-7-1将第二铁芯4-2、散热支架4-7、第一铁芯4-1和阀体1固定连接；
所述散热支架4-7的外壁上设有散热翅片4-7-2；
所述散热支架4-7的安装通孔4-7-5的内壁上设有若干个径向的引流孔4-7-3；
所述阀体1与散热支架4-7之间设有隔热垫圈10，且隔热垫圈10套装在第一铁芯4-1的外周。
为了能对线圈进行保护，防止线圈受损，所述线圈4-4的外周注塑有线圈保护层，所述线圈保护层是热塑性塑料或热固性塑料。
如图5、6、9所示，为了使得本发明结构更加合理，以及保证散热支架的散热性好，所述散热支架4-7的外壁上有三个侧壁面具有散热翅片4-7-2，有一个侧壁面具有轴向豁口4-7-4。
如图1所示，一旦油液中的污物使衔铁或阀芯卡住，使得衔铁或阀芯不能轴向向右移动时，可以通过推动第一推动手柄来推动阀芯并间接地推动衔铁移动，作应急处理作用，所述阀体端盖3上设有第一手动推杆安装孔3-1并装有第一手动推杆9-1，所述第一手动推杆9-1的杆柄的外周与阀体端盖3的第一手动推杆安装孔3-1密封连接，且第一手动推杆9-1的内端能与阀芯2的另一端相抵或分离。
如图1所示，为了使得本发明结构更加合理，所述第一手动推杆9-1的杆柄的外周与阀体端盖3的第一手动推杆安装孔3-1之间设有密封圈；所述第一手动推杆9-1的内端具有第一杆帽9-1-1，且第一手动推杆9-1的第一杆帽9-1-1能与阀芯2的另一端相抵或分离。所述第二手动推杆9-2的内端具有第二杆帽9-2-1，且第二手动推杆9-2的第二杆帽9-2-1能与衔铁4-3的另一端相抵或分离。
如图1所示，一旦油液中的污物使衔铁或阀芯卡住，使得衔铁或阀芯不能轴向向左移动时，可以通过推动第二推动手柄来推动衔铁并间接地推动阀芯移动，作应急处理作用，所述第二铁芯4-2上设有第二手动推杆安装孔4-2-1并装有第二手动推杆9-2，所述第二手动推杆9-2的杆柄的外周与第二手动推杆安装孔4-2-1之间设有密封圈。
如图1所示，所述阀芯2的两端还分别具有阀芯笫三凸台2-3和阀芯第四凸台2-4；所述阀体1内还设有油压平衡流道1-10，所述油压平衡流道1-10的两端分别位于回油流道1-9两端的外侧，且油压平衡流道1-10的两端与阀体主孔1-8相连通，阀体1内阀体主孔1-8的两端还沿轴向分别设有阀体第五台阶1-15和阀体第六台阶1-16，阀体第五台阶1-15和阀体第六台阶1-16分别位于回油流道1-9两端的外侧和油压平衡流道1-10两端的内侧；所 述阀芯2两端的阀芯笫三凸台2-3和阀芯第四凸台2-4分别与相应的阀体第五台阶1-15和阀体第六台阶1-16滑动配合；所述弹簧座6的另一侧能与阀体第六台阶1-16和/或阀芯第四凸台2-4相抵。由于本发明的阀体1内设有单独一个能对阀芯2两端油压起平衡作用的油压平衡流道1-10，将回油流道1-3和油压平衡流道1-10通过物理方式隔离，而不是像已有技术中的散热式电磁换向阀的一个回油流道同时兼顾回油和平衡阀芯两端油压的作用，这样，压力油在回油过程中，压力油通过回油流道循环，避免了污染物进入电磁铁组件4的内部，就不会让污染物将电磁铁组件4的内部堵死，也就不会消耗电磁铁组件的电磁力，不仅提高了本发明的使用可靠性，而且使得使用寿命长。
如图1所示，通油面是为了便于压力油在一个流道向另一个流道的流动，所述阀芯第一凸台2-1、阀芯第二凸台2-2、阀芯笫三凸台2-3和阀芯第四凸台2-4的外壁上均设有均压槽2-7，其中阀芯第一凸台2-1和阀芯第二凸台2-2上均设有两个或两个以上的通油面2-6，通油面2-6为平面或凹弧面，且通油面2-6与阀体主孔1-8的内壁之间形成通油口。
本发明的工作过程：使用时，将进油口1-7与油泵的出油口相连通，第一油口1-4和第二油口1-5分别油缸相应的工作油口相连通，所述回油口1-6与油箱的进油口相连通；
当两组线圈4-4都不得电时，所述阀芯2在复位弹簧4-5的作用下，处在阀体1的中位，此时，压力油不能通过进油口1-7进入第一油口1-4、第二油口1-5和回油口1-6，而此时第一油口1-4、第二油口1-5和回油口1-6均是相连通的；
当靠近第一铁芯4-1的一组线圈4-4得电时，另一组线圈不得电，所述衔铁4-3的环形凸起4-3-1推动垫片5向前移动，使得复位弹簧4-5呈压缩状态，并使推拉杆4-3-2推动阀芯2向前移动，压力油依次从进油口1-7、第一油口1-4、油缸的一个油口、油缸的另一个油口、第二油口1-5，最后通过回油口1-6回入到油箱内；
当靠近第二铁芯4-2的一组线圈4-4得电时，另一组线圈不得电，所述衔铁4-3的推拉杆4-3-2拉动阀芯2向后移动，使得复位弹簧4-5呈拉伸状态，压力油依次从进油口1-7、第二油口1-5、油缸的一个油口、油缸的另一个油口、第一油口1-4，最后通过回油口1-6回入到油箱内。
由于本发明所述电磁铁组件4还包括散热支架4-7，所述磁轭4-6设在散热支架4-7的安装通孔4-7-5中，所述第二铁芯4-2与散热支架4-7的一端密封连接；由于散热支架的散热性能好，取代了已有技术中第一铁芯和磁轭的外周包覆的绝缘保护层，使得本发明具有散热性好优点；又由于所述散热支架4-7上设有若干个连接通孔4-7-1，由紧固件11穿过连接通孔4-7-1将第二铁芯4-2、散热支架4-7、第一铁芯4-1和阀体1固定连接；这样，在将 阀体1、第一铁芯4-1、散热支架4-7和第二铁芯4-2装配时，紧固件11穿过散热支架4-7的连接通孔4-7-1，所述连接通孔4-7-1起到导向支撑的作用，使得散热支架4-7的受力均匀，这样，可以保证紧固件11的扭矩均衡，并且能够保证在装配过程中所述衔铁4-3不易卡在隔磁套7内；又由于所述散热支架4-7的外壁上设有散热翅片4-7-2；这样，可以进一步提高所述散热支架4-7的散热性能；又由于所述散热支架4-7的安装通孔4-7-5的内壁上设有若干个径向的引流孔4-7-3；这样，电磁换向阀的外界环境有雨水时，可通过引流孔4-7-3排出散热支架4-7外，使得散热支架4-7的内部不会出现积水的情况，所述线圈4-4与磁轭4-6之间，磁轭4-6与散热支架4-7之间不会有积水，防止受潮，且不易发生短路的情况，当外界环境温度过低(冬季)时，也不容易结冰或生锈，使得本发明的绝缘性能好；又由于所述阀体1与散热支架4-7之间设有隔热垫圈10，且隔热垫圈10套装在第一铁芯4-1的外周,可防止阀体1在工作状况下所产生的热量传递到电磁铁组件，影响电磁铁组件的散热性，降低电磁铁组件使用的可靠性。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种散热式电磁换向阀，包括阀体(1)、阀芯(2)、阀体端盖(3)和电磁铁组件(4)；所述阀体(1)包括第一油口(1-4)、第二油口(1-5)、回油口(1-6)、进油口(1-7)和沿其轴向设有的阀体主孔(1-8)，以及沿阀体主孔(1-8)内壁上轴向分开布置的第一油道(1-1)、第二油道(1-2)和第三油道(1-3)，所述第一油口(1-4)与第一油道(1-1)相连通，第二油口(1-5)与第三油道(1-3)相连通，进油口(1-7)与第二油道(1-2)相连通，所述第一油道(1-1)、第二油道(1-2)和第三油道(1-3)均与阀体主孔(1-8)相连通；
    所述阀体(1)内设有回油流道(1-9)，所述回油口(1-6)与回油流道(1-9)相连通，回油流道(1-9)的两端分别位于第一油道(1-1)和第三油道(1-3)的外侧，且回油流道(1-9)的两端与阀体主孔(1-8)相连通；
    所述阀体(1)的一端与电磁铁组件(4)固定连接，阀体端盖(3)与阀体(1)的另一端密封连接；
    所述阀体主孔(1-8)内位于回油流道(1-9)的两端之间，还有沿轴向分开布置的阀体第一台阶(1-11)、阀体第二台阶(1-12)、阀体第三台阶(1-13)和阀体第四台阶(1-14)；
    所述阀芯(2)设在阀体(1)的阀体主孔(1-8)内，阀芯(2)的中部具有沿轴向分开布置的阀芯第一凸台(2-1)和阀芯第二凸台(2-2)，且阀芯第一凸台(2-1)和阀芯第二凸台(2-2)上均设有通油面(2-6)；
    所述电磁铁组件(4)包括第一铁芯(4-1)、第二铁芯(4-2)、衔铁(4-3)、推拉杆(4-3-2)、线圈(4-4)、复位弹簧(4-5)、磁轭(4-6)、隔磁套(7)和导磁环(8)，所述衔铁(4-3)的一端与推拉杆(4-3-2)的一端装配连接或制成一体，所述隔磁套(7)的两端分别装配连接或焊接在第一铁芯(4-1)和第二铁芯(4-2)上，且隔磁套(7)位于衔铁(4-3)的外周，所述线圈(4-4)设在隔磁套(7)的外周，且两个线圈(4-4)之间装有导磁环(8)，所述磁轭(4-6)设在两个线圈(4-4)的外周；
    所述第一铁芯(4-1)上设有轴向的台阶孔(4-1-1)，且台阶孔(4-1-1)内设有垫片(5)，所述推拉杆(4-3-2)上具有限位凸起(4-3-1)，限位凸起(4-3-1)抵在垫片(5)的一侧，推拉杆(4-3-2)的另一端穿过垫片(5)并与阀芯(2)的一端固定连接，所述阀芯(2)的一端套装有弹簧座(6)，推拉杆(4-3-2)的另一端的外周套装有复位弹簧(4-5)，且复位弹簧(4-5)的一端与弹簧座(6)的一侧相抵，所述复位弹簧(4-5)的另一端与垫片(5)的另一侧相抵；其特征在于：
    所述电磁铁组件(4)还包括散热支架(4-7)，所述磁轭(4-6)设在散热支架(4-7)的安装通孔(4-7-5)中，所述第二铁芯(4-2)与散热支架(4-7)的一端密封连接；
    所述散热支架(4-7)上设有若干个连接通孔(4-7-1)，由紧固件(11)穿过连接通孔(4-7-1)将第二铁芯(4-2)、散热支架(4-7)、第一铁芯(4-1)和阀体(1)固定连接；
    所述散热支架(4-7)的外壁上设有散热翅片(4-7-2)；
    所述散热支架(4-7)的安装通孔(4-7-5)的内壁上设有若干个径向的引流孔(4-7-3)；
    所述阀体(1)与散热支架(4-7)之间设有隔热垫圈(10)，且隔热垫圈(10)套装在第一铁芯(4-1)的外周。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的散热式电磁换向阀，其特征在于：所述线圈(4-4)的外周注塑有线圈保护层，所述线圈保护层是热塑性塑料或热固性塑料。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的散热式电磁换向阀，其特征在于：所述散热支架(4-7)的外壁上有三个侧壁面具有散热翅片(4-7-2)，有一个侧壁面具有轴向豁口(4-7-4)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的散热式电磁换向阀，其特征在于：所述阀体端盖(3)上设有第一手动推杆安装孔(3-1)并装有第一手动推杆(9-1)，所述第一手动推杆(9-1)的杆柄的外周与阀体端盖(3)的第一手动推杆安装孔(3-1)密封连接，且第一手动推杆(9-1)的内端能与阀芯(2)的另一端相抵或分离。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的散热式电磁换向阀，其特征在于：所述第一手动推杆(9-1)的杆柄的外周与阀体端盖(3)的第一手动推杆安装孔(3-1)之间设有密封圈；所述第一手动推杆(9-1)的内端具有第一杆帽(9-1-1)，且第一手动推杆(9-1)的第一杆帽(9-1-1)能与阀芯(2)的另一端相抵或分离。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的散热式电磁换向阀，其特征在于：所述第二铁芯(4-2)上设有第二手动推杆安装孔(4-2-1)并装有第二手动推杆(9-2)，所述第二手动推杆(9-2)的杆柄的外周与第二手动推杆安装孔(4-2-1)之间设有密封圈。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的散热式电磁换向阀，其特征在于：第二手动推杆(9-2)的内端具有第二杆帽(9-2-1)，且第一手动推杆(9-1)的第二杆帽(9-2-1)能与衔铁(4-3)的另一端相抵或分离。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的散热式电磁换向阀，其特征在于：所述阀芯(2)的两端还分别具有阀芯笫三凸台(2-3)和阀芯第四凸台(2-4)；所述阀体(1)内还设有油压平衡流道(1-10)，所述油压平衡流道(1-10)的两端分别位于回油流道(1-9)两端的外侧，且油压平衡流道(1-10)的两端与阀体主孔(1-8)相连通，阀体(1)内阀体主孔(1-8)的两端还沿轴向分别设有阀体第五台阶(1-15)和阀体第六台阶(1-16)，阀体第五台阶(1-15)和阀体第六台阶(1-16)分别位于回油流道(1-9)两端的外侧和油压平衡流道(1-10)两端的内侧； 所述阀芯(2)两端的阀芯笫三凸台(2-3)和阀芯第四凸台(2-4)分别与相应的阀体第五台阶(1-15)和阀体第六台阶(1-16)滑动配合；所述弹簧座(6)的另一侧能与阀体第六台阶(1-16)和/或阀芯第四凸台(2-4)相抵。
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