WO2018056286A1 - ガラス建材 - Google Patents

ガラス建材 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018056286A1
WO2018056286A1 PCT/JP2017/033822 JP2017033822W WO2018056286A1 WO 2018056286 A1 WO2018056286 A1 WO 2018056286A1 JP 2017033822 W JP2017033822 W JP 2017033822W WO 2018056286 A1 WO2018056286 A1 WO 2018056286A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar cell
building material
reflective film
glass building
material according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2017/033822
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
和彦 梅田
小林　信郷
清一 木下
直樹 門田
秀樹 松尾
牧野　司
信久 太田
昭彦 中島
Original Assignee
株式会社カネカ
大成建設株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社カネカ, 大成建設株式会社 filed Critical 株式会社カネカ
Priority to CN201780057941.0A priority Critical patent/CN109804471A/zh
Priority to JP2018541081A priority patent/JP7177699B2/ja
Priority to EP17853056.4A priority patent/EP3518295B1/en
Priority to US16/335,173 priority patent/US10920482B2/en
Priority to KR1020197010223A priority patent/KR102201587B1/ko
Publication of WO2018056286A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018056286A1/ja
Priority to SA519401333A priority patent/SA519401333B1/ar

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/0488—Double glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0232—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
    • H01L31/02327—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device the optical elements being integrated or being directly associated to the device, e.g. back reflectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/072—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
    • H01L31/0725—Multiple junction or tandem solar cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/26—Building materials integrated with PV modules, e.g. façade elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/20—Optical components
    • H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a glass building material.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a double-sided light receiving solar cell installed perpendicular to the ground.
  • the amount of power generated on the indoor light-receiving surface was small. That is, the indoor light receiving surface, particularly the central portion thereof, cannot efficiently receive sunlight from the outside, and as a result, the amount of power generation has been reduced.
  • the conventional daylighting solar cell module has a problem of increasing the cooling load of the building as a result of using glass with high solar transmittance for the purpose of increasing power generation.
  • This indication is made in view of the above-mentioned problem, and the purpose is to increase the amount of power generation at the light-receiving surface on the indoor side when a glass building material including a solar battery is installed in a building window or the like. It is in.
  • a glass building material according to the present disclosure is disposed so as to be aligned in the width direction of the first solar cell and a double-sided light receiving type first solar cell having a shape extending in one direction.
  • a double-sided light receiving type second solar cell having an extending shape, a first glass substrate covering one surface side of the first solar cell and the second solar cell, and the first solar cell;
  • a reflective film disposed entirely or partially on the other surface side of the second solar cell, having a transmittance higher than the reflectance in the visible light region and a reflectance higher than the transmittance in the near infrared region; ,including.
  • the distance between the reflective film and the first solar cell may be 0.2 times or more the width of the first solar cell.
  • the glass building material in the above (1) to (2) may further include a first reflector having a shape facing the other surface of the first solar cell and extending in the one direction. .
  • the width of the first reflector included in the glass building material in (3) above may be equal to or greater than the width of the first solar cell.
  • the first reflecting plate included in the glass building material in the above (3) may be disposed on a surface side of the reflecting film that does not face the first solar cell.
  • a second glass substrate may be provided on the surface of the reflective film that is not opposed to the first solar cell, which is included in the glass building material in the above (1) to (5).
  • a sealing material may be interposed between the first solar cell and the reflective film.
  • a third glass substrate may be interposed between the first solar cell and the reflective film.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view schematically showing the glass building material according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the glass building material according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the wavelength dependence of the spectral sensitivity of the first solar cell and the reflectance of the reflective film in the glass building material according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the interval between the first solar cell and the reflective film and the output increase rate according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the glass building material according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the glass building material according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the glass building material according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an outline of a glass building material according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a section taken along line II-II in FIG.
  • the glass building material 100 includes a plurality of solar cells 13 arranged at intervals, and a first glass substrate 21 provided so as to cover one surface side of the plurality of solar cells 13. And have.
  • the solar cell includes a single crystal silicon solar cell, a polycrystalline silicon solar cell, a heterojunction solar cell, and the like. In the present embodiment, a description will be given using a heterojunction solar cell as the plurality of solar cells 13.
  • the 1st glass substrate 21 is a glass substrate attached as a window of a building, for example, and is comprised with the material with a high transmittance
  • the plurality of solar cells 13 includes a first solar cell 11 and a second solar cell 12.
  • the first solar cell 11 and the second solar cell 12 are configured by arranging and connecting a plurality of solar cells in a straight line, have a shape extending in one direction, and the first solar cell 11.
  • the second solar cells 12 are arranged so as to be aligned in the width direction of the first solar cells 11, and the first solar cells 11 and the second solar cells 12 are spaced from each other by a first interval W2.
  • the width direction of the first solar cell 11 and the second solar cell 12 intersects with the extending direction of the first solar cell 11 and the second solar cell 12. It is in.
  • the relative spectral sensitivity of the first solar cell 11 has a sensitivity of about 300 nm to 1200 nm, and has a high value in the vicinity of 1000 nm which is a near infrared region.
  • the first solar cell 11 and the second solar cell 12 are of a double-sided light receiving type, and light received from one of the outdoor surfaces 11A and 12A and the other indoor surfaces 11B and 12B is used for power generation. Can contribute.
  • the one surface 11 ⁇ / b> A of the first solar cell 11 and the one surface 12 ⁇ / b> A of the second solar cell 12 transmit sunlight 40 from the outside through the first glass substrate 21. Receive light.
  • the reflective film 31 is arranged.
  • the reflective film 31 is provided on the surface of the second glass substrate 22.
  • the reflection film 31 is, for example, a Low-E (Low Emissivity) film, and in the present embodiment, a description will be given using a heat-shielding Low-E film that transmits most of visible light and reflects most of near-infrared light. .
  • FIG. 3 shows the spectral sensitivity of the first solar cell 11 and the second solar cell 12 in the glass building material according to this embodiment, and the wavelength of the reflectance of the reflective film 31 (reflective film 31A, reflective film 31B, reflective film 31C). It is a figure which shows dependency. In the present embodiment, since the same type of heterojunction solar cell is used for the first solar cell 11 and the second solar cell 12, they have the same spectral sensitivity characteristics. Sensitivity "is displayed. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, each of the reflective film 31A, the reflective film 31B, and the reflective film 31C has a high reflectance in the near infrared region of 750 to 2500 nm, and in this near infrared region, The reflectance is higher than the transmittance.
  • each of the reflective film 31A, the reflective film 31B, and the reflective film 31C has a low reflectance in the visible light region of 380 to 750 nm, and in this visible light region, the transmittance is higher than the reflectance. It has become.
  • the first solar cell 11 and the second solar cell 12 have high spectral sensitivity characteristics in the near-infrared region, and the near-infrared component reflected by the reflective film 31. 41 can efficiently contribute to power generation.
  • part of the visible light component 42 in sunlight incident from the outside passes through the reflection film 31 having a low reflectance in the visible light region and enters the room. Therefore, a view and daylighting property can be secured through the glass building material 100.
  • the cooling load is reduced and the building can be made energy-saving.
  • Such a configuration makes it possible to increase the amount of power generated on the light receiving surface on the indoor side and reduce the cooling load of the building without losing the function as the glass building material 100 that can ensure the view and the daylighting property.
  • the second distance d which is the distance between the first solar cell 11 and the reflection film 31, is preferably 0.1 times or more the width W1 of the first solar cell 11.
  • FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the second interval d and the output increase rate of the first solar cell 11 at each aperture ratio.
  • the aperture ratio means the first interval W2 that is the interval between the first solar cell 11 and the second solar cell 12, and the sum of the width W1 of the first solar cell 11 and the first interval W2.
  • the horizontal axis shows the value obtained by dividing the second interval d by the width W1 of the first solar cell.
  • the vertical axis shows how much of the total power generation amount the output increase due to power generation on the indoor light-receiving surface is, assuming that the power generation amount only on the outdoor light-receiving surface is 100%.
  • the second distance d which is the distance between the first solar cell 11 and the reflective film 31, is preferably 0.1 times or more the width W1 of the first solar cell 11.
  • the near-infrared component 41 is diffusely reflected, and the other surface 11B of the first solar cell 11 is not affected by the incident angle of sunlight.
  • the other surface 12B of the second solar cell 12 may be configured to receive the near-infrared component 41.
  • a plate 51 and a second reflecting plate 52 facing the other surface 12B of the second solar cell 12 are provided.
  • the first reflecting plate 51 and the second reflecting plate 52 are, for example, a metal plate or a white reflecting plate, and the other surfaces 11B and 12B receive the near infrared component 41 and the visible light component 42 incident from the outside. be able to.
  • the first reflecting plate 51 and the second reflecting plate 52 have shapes extending in one direction, like the first solar cell 11 and the second solar cell 12. Therefore, a part of the visible light component 42 in the sunlight that has entered between the first solar cell 11 and the second solar cell 12 is between the first reflector 51 and the second reflector 52. The light passes through and enters the reflection film 31 described above. Therefore, a person in the room can see the outdoor scenery through the glass building material 100.
  • the near-infrared component 41 and the visible light component 42 incident on the first reflector 51 are reduced by setting the width W3 of the first reflector 51 to be larger than the width W1 of the first solar cell.
  • the other surface 11B of the first solar cell 11 can receive light more efficiently, and the light shielding property of the glass building material 100 can be improved.
  • the other surface 11B side of the first solar cell 11 can be concealed by the first reflecting plate 51, and there is a design merit as viewed from the indoor side.
  • a sealing material 61 is provided between the first solar cell 11, the second solar cell 12, and the reflective film 31.
  • Sealing material 61 is a thermosetting resin such as EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer) resin, and protects the plurality of solar cells 13 and fixes the positions of the plurality of solar cells 13 in the glass building material 100.
  • EVA Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer
  • the first reflecting plate 51 is disposed on the surface side of the reflecting film 31 that faces the plurality of solar cells 13, but as shown in FIG. You may arrange
  • FIG. In FIG. 5, the first reflecting plate 51 and the second reflecting plate 52 are arranged on the surface side of the reflecting film 31 that does not face the first solar cell 11 through the second glass substrate 22. .
  • the relative positional relationship of the 1st reflective plate 51 and the 2nd reflective plate 52 with respect to the 1st solar cell 11 and the 2nd solar cell 12 can be match
  • the first solar cell 11 and the second solar cell 12 are confirmed while confirming the positions. Since the first reflector 51 and the second reflector 52 can be arranged, they can be arranged at desired positions with high accuracy.
  • a third glass substrate 23 is provided between the first solar cell 11, the second solar cell 12, and the reflective film 31 instead of the sealing material 61. Also good.
  • the sealing material 61 is interposed between the first glass substrate 21, the third glass substrate 23, the first solar cell 11, and the second solar cell 12, and fixes the respective positions.
  • permeability with respect to the visible light component 42 may intervene, such as the air layer 71 interposing.
  • the Low-E film is used as an example of the reflective film 31.
  • the film has a transmittance in the visible light region higher than the reflectance and a reflectance in the near infrared region higher than the transmittance. Any other film may be used.
  • the reflective film 31 may be a transparent conductive film TCO that has been devised to increase the reflectance in the near infrared region by adjusting the tin oxide component.
  • the reflective film 31 may be composed of a plurality of reflective films having different reflection peaks for different wavelengths.

Abstract

本開示に係るガラス建材は、一方向に延伸する形状を有する両面受光型の第１の太陽電池と、前記第１の太陽電池の幅方向に並ぶように配置され、前記一方向に延伸する形状を有する両面受光型の第２の太陽電池と、前記第１の太陽電池と前記第２の太陽電池の一方の面を覆う第１のガラス基板と、前記第１の太陽電池と前記第２の太陽電池の他方の面側において少なくとも部分的に配置され、可視光領域において透過率が反射率よりも高く、近赤外領域において反射率が透過率よりも高い反射膜と、を含む。

Description

ガラス建材
　本発明は、ガラス建材に関する。
　下記非特許文献１には、地面に対して垂直に設置された両面受光型の太陽電池が開示されている。
上下利男等著「両面受光型太陽電池の基本応用技術の開発」電学論Ｂ、１２３巻８号、２００３年、ｐ．９４７－９５５
　しかし、従来の両面受光型の太陽電池を建物の窓などに設置した場合、室内側の受光面における発電量が少なかった。即ち、室内側の受光面、特にその中央部分は、室外からの太陽光を効率よく受光することができないため、その結果として発電量が少なくなってしまっていた。
　一方、従来の採光型太陽電池モジュールは、発電量増大を目的として日射透過率の高いガラスを用いる結果、建物の冷房負荷を増大させている課題がある。
　本開示は、上記問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、太陽電池を含むガラス建材を建物の窓などに設置した場合における、室内側の受光面での発電量を増加させることにある。
　さらに、冷房負荷を削減して建物の省エネを図ることと共に、圧迫感のない眺望の確保と採光性能の向上にある。
　（１）本開示に係るガラス建材は、一方向に延伸する形状を有する両面受光型の第１の太陽電池と、前記第１の太陽電池の幅方向に並ぶように配置され、前記一方向に延伸する形状を有する両面受光型の第２の太陽電池と、前記第１の太陽電池と前記第２の太陽電池の一方の面側を覆う第１のガラス基板と、前記第１の太陽電池と前記第２の太陽電池の他方の面側において全面的又は部分的に配置され、可視光領域において透過率が反射率よりも高く、近赤外領域において反射率が透過率よりも高い反射膜と、を含む。
　（２）上記（１）におけるガラス建材は、前記反射膜と前記第１の太陽電池との距離が、前記第１の太陽電池の幅の０．２倍以上であってもよい。
　（３）上記（１）～（２）におけるガラス建材は、前記第１の太陽電池の前記他方の面に対向し、前記一方向に延伸する形状を有する第１の反射板を更に含んでもよい。
　（４）上記（３）におけるガラス建材に含まれる、前記第１の反射板の幅は、前記第１の太陽電池の幅以上であってもよい。
　（５）上記（３）におけるガラス建材に含まれる、前記第１の反射板は、前記反射膜における前記第１の太陽電池と対向しない面側に配置されてもよい。
　（６）上記（１）～（５）におけるガラス建材に含まれる、前記反射膜における前記第１の太陽電池と対向しない面側には第２のガラス基板が設けられてもよい。
　（７）上記（１）～（６）におけるガラス建材は、前記第１の太陽電池と前記反射膜との間には封止材が介在してもよい。
　（８）上記（１）～（６）におけるガラス建材は、前記第１の太陽電池と前記反射膜との間には第３のガラス基板が介在してもよい。
図１は本実施形態に係るガラス建材の概略を示す平面図である。 図２は本実施形態に係るガラス建材の概略を示す断面図である。 図３は本実施形態に係るガラス建材における第１の太陽電池の分光感度と反射膜の反射率の波長依存性を示す図である。 図４は本実施形態に係る第１の太陽電池と反射膜との間隔と、出力上昇率との関係を示す図である。 図５は本実施形態に係るガラス建材の他の実施例を示す断面図である。 図６は本実施形態に係るガラス建材の他の実施例を示す断面図である。 図７は本実施形態に係るガラス建材の他の実施例を示す断面図である。
　本開示の実施形態について、図面を用いて以下に説明する。
　図１は、本実施形態に係るガラス建材の概略を示す平面図である。図２は、図１のＩＩ‐ＩＩ線における断面を示す断面図である。
　図１に示すように、ガラス建材１００は、間隔を隔てて配置された複数の太陽電池１３と、この複数の太陽電池１３の一方の面側を覆うように設けられた第１のガラス基板２１とを有する。なお、太陽電池には、単結晶シリコン太陽電池、多結晶シリコン太陽電池、ヘテロ接合型太陽電池などが含まれる。本実施形態においては、複数の太陽電池１３として、ヘテロ接合型太陽電池を用いて説明する。
　ここで、第１のガラス基板２１とは、例えば建物の窓として取り付けられるようなガラス基板であり、室内及び太陽電池の表面に太陽光を入射させるよう、透過率の高い材料により構成されている。
　図１、図２に示すように、複数の太陽電池１３は、第１の太陽電池１１、第２の太陽電池１２を含む。第１の太陽電池１１、第２の太陽電池１２は、複数の太陽電池セルを直線状に配置、接続することによって構成され、一方向に延伸する形状をしており、第１の太陽電池１１は、幅Ｗ１を有している。第２の太陽電池１２は、第１の太陽電池１１の幅方向に並ぶように配置されており、第１の太陽電池１１と第２の太陽電池１２とは、第１の間隔Ｗ２をあけて配置されている。なお、図１から明らかなように、第１の太陽電池１１、第２の太陽電池１２の幅方向と、第１の太陽電池１１、第２の太陽電池１２の延伸方向とは、交差する関係にある。
　第１の太陽電池１１の相対分光感度は、図３に示すように、およそ３００ｎｍ～１２００ｎｍに感度を有し、近赤外領域である１０００ｎｍ付近で高い値を有する。第１の太陽電池１１と、第２の太陽電池１２は両面受光型であり、室外側である一方の面１１Ａ、１２Ａと、室内側である他方の面１１Ｂ、１２Ｂから受光した光を発電に寄与させることができる。
　図２に示すように、第１の太陽電池１１の一方の面１１Ａと、第２の太陽電池１２の一方の面１２Ａとは、室外からの太陽光４０を第１のガラス基板２１を介して受光する。
　第１の太陽電池１１の他方の面１１Ｂ側、及び第２の太陽電池１２の他方の面１２Ｂ側には、第１の太陽電池１１、第２の太陽電池１２と第２の間隔ｄをあけて配置された反射膜３１を有する。本実施の形態においては、反射膜３１は、第２のガラス基板２２の表面に設けられている。この反射膜３１は例えばＬｏｗ－Ｅ（Ｌｏｗ　Ｅｍｉｓｓｉｖｉｔｙ）膜であり、本実施形態においては、可視光線の多くを透過し、近赤外線の多くを反射する遮熱型Ｌｏｗ－Ｅ膜を用いて説明する。
　図３は本実施形態に係るガラス建材における第１の太陽電池１１、及び第２の太陽電池１２の分光感度と反射膜３１（反射膜３１Ａ、反射膜３１Ｂ、反射膜３１Ｃ）の反射率の波長依存性を示す図である。本実施形態においては、第１の太陽電池１１及び第２の太陽電池１２には同種のヘテロ接合型太陽電池を用いているため、同じ分光感度特性を有しており、図３において「ヘテロ分光感度」として表示している。また、図３に示すように、反射膜３１Ａ、反射膜３１Ｂ、反射膜３１Ｃのそれぞれは、７５０～２５００ｎｍといった近赤外領域に高い反射率を有しており、この近赤外領域においては、透過率よりも反射率が高くなっている。一方、反射膜３１Ａ、反射膜３１Ｂ、反射膜３１Ｃのそれぞれは、３８０～７５０ｎｍといった可視光領域においては低い反射率を有しており、この可視光領域においては、透過率が反射率よりも高くなっている。
　このような反射膜３１を第１の太陽電池１１の他方の面１１Ｂ側に設けているため、室外から入射する太陽光における近赤外成分４１の一部は、この反射膜３１により反射され、第１の太陽電池１１の他方の面１１Ｂ、及び第２の太陽電池１２の他方の面１２Ｂにおいて受光される。図３を用いて上述したとおり、第１の太陽電池１１、第２の太陽電池１２は、近赤外領域において高い分光感度特性を有しており、反射膜３１により反射された近赤外成分４１を効率よく発電に寄与させることができる。
　一方、室外から入射する太陽光における可視光成分４２の一部は、この可視光領域においては低い反射率を有する反射膜３１を通過して、室内へと入射する。そのため、このガラス建材１００を介して、眺望と採光性を確保することができる。
　また、日射の近赤外成分を反射膜３１で削減するため、冷房負荷が削減し建物の省エネ化が可能になる。
　このような構成により、眺望と採光性を確保することができるガラス建材１００としての機能を失わずに、室内側の受光面における発電量を増加させることと建物の冷房負荷削減が可能になる。
　なお、第１の太陽電池１１と反射膜３１との間隔である第２の間隔ｄは、第１の太陽電池１１が有する幅Ｗ１の０．１倍以上であることが望ましい。図４は、各開口率おける、第２の間隔ｄと、第１の太陽電池１１の出力上昇率との関係を示している。ここで、開口率とは、第１の太陽電池１１と第２の太陽電池１２との間隔である第１の間隔Ｗ２を、第１の太陽電池１１の幅Ｗ１と第１の間隔Ｗ２の和で割った値である。横軸は、第２の間隔ｄを、第１の太陽電池の幅Ｗ１で割った値を示している。縦軸は、室外側の受光面のみの発電量を１００％として、室内側の受光面での発電による出力上昇が全体の発電量の何％であるのかを示している。
　この図４が示すように、横軸が０．１より小さくなると、急激に出力上昇率が低下することがわかる。これは、第２の間隔ｄが非常に小さくなると、反射膜３１からの反射光を効果的に第１の太陽電池１１の他方の面１１Ｂに受光させることが難しくなっていることを示している。従って、第１の太陽電池１１と反射膜３１との間隔である第２の間隔ｄは、第１の太陽電池１１が有する幅Ｗ１の０．１倍以上であることが望ましい。
　なお、図２に示した反射膜３１の表面に凹凸を設けることにより、近赤外成分４１を乱反射させ、太陽光の入射角によらず、第１の太陽電池１１の他方の面１１Ｂ、第２の太陽電池１２の他方の面１２Ｂに近赤外成分４１を受光させる構成としてもよい。
　なお、本実施形態においては、図２に示すように、反射膜３１における第１の太陽電池１１との対向面側に、第１の太陽電池１１の他方の面１１Ｂに対向する第１の反射板５１と、第２の太陽電池１２の他方の面１２Ｂに対向する第２の反射板５２とを設けている。
　この第１の反射板５１、第２の反射板５２は、例えば金属板や白色反射板であり、室外から入射した近赤外成分４１と可視光成分４２を他方の面１１Ｂ、１２Ｂに受光させることができる。
　第１の反射板５１、第２の反射板５２は、第１の太陽電池１１、第２の太陽電池１２と同様に、一方向に延伸する形状を有している。そのため、第１の太陽電池１１と第２の太陽電池１２との間に入射してきた太陽光における可視光成分４２の一部は、この第１の反射板５１と第２の反射板５２との間を通過して上述した反射膜３１に入射する。従って、室内にいる人が、このガラス建材１００を介して、室外の景色を見ることができる。
　なお、第１の反射板５１の幅Ｗ３を、第１の太陽電池の幅Ｗ１よりも大きい構成とすることにより、第１の反射板５１に入射した近赤外成分４１と可視光成分４２を、より効率よく第１の太陽電池１１の他方の面１１Ｂに受光させることができ、また、ガラス建材１００の遮光性を高めることができる。更に、第１の太陽電池１１の他方の面１１Ｂ側を第１の反射板５１で隠すことができ、室内側から見たデザイン上のメリットがある。
　なお、本実施形態においては、図２に示すように、第１の太陽電池１１、第２の太陽電池１２と、反射膜３１との間に封止材６１を設けている。封止材６１はＥＶＡ（Ｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅ Ｖｉｎｙｌ Ａｃｅｔａｔｅ Ｃｏｐｏｌｙｍｅｒ）樹脂などの熱硬化性樹脂であり、複数の太陽電池１３を保護するとともに、ガラス建材１００における複数の太陽電池１３の位置を固定している。
　なお、図２に示す構成においては、第１の反射板５１が、反射膜３１における複数の太陽電池１３と対向する面側に配置されているが、図５に示すように、反射膜３１における複数の太陽電池１３と対向しない面側に配置してもかまわない。図５においては、第１の反射板５１、第２の反射板５２が、第２のガラス基板２２を介して、反射膜３１における第１の太陽電池１１と対向しない面側に配置されている。このような構成とすることにより、第１の太陽電池１１、第２の太陽電池１２に対する、第１の反射板５１と第２の反射板５２の相対的な位置関係を、精度よく合わせることができる。即ち、第１のガラス基板２１と第２のガラス基板２２との位置が、封止材６１により固定された後に、第１の太陽電池１１、第２の太陽電池１２の位置を確認しながら第１の反射板５１、第２の反射板５２を配置することができるため、精度よく所望の位置に配置することができる。
　なお、第１の太陽電池１１、第２の太陽電池１２と、反射膜３１との間には、図６に示すように、封止材６１の代わりに第３のガラス基板２３を設ける構成としてもよい。この場合、封止材６１は、第１のガラス基板２１、第３のガラス基板２３、第１の太陽電池１１、第２の太陽電池１２の間に介在し、それぞれの位置を固定する。
　なお、反射膜３１と第２のガラス基板２２との間には、図７に示すように、空気層７１が介在するなど、可視光成分４２に対する透過率の高い層が介在してもよい。
　なお、本実施形態においては、反射膜３１の例としてＬｏｗ－Ｅ膜を挙げたが、可視光領域の透過率が反射率よりも高く、近赤外領域の反射率が透過率よりも高い膜であれば他の膜でもよい。例えば、反射膜３１は、酸化スズ成分の調整で近赤外域の反射率を高める工夫を施された透明導電膜ＴＣＯでもよい。また反射膜３１を波長別に反射ピークが異なる複数の反射膜により構成してもかまわない。

Claims (16)

  1. 　一方向に延伸する形状を有する両面受光型の第１の太陽電池と、
    　前記第１の太陽電池の幅方向に並ぶように配置され、前記一方向に延伸する形状を有する両面受光型の第２の太陽電池と、
    　前記第１の太陽電池と前記第２の太陽電池の一方の面側を覆う第１のガラス基板と、
    　前記第１の太陽電池と前記第２の太陽電池の他方の面側において少なくとも部分的に配置され、可視光領域において透過率が反射率よりも高く、近赤外領域において反射率が透過率よりも高い反射膜と、を含むガラス建材。
  2. 　前記反射膜と前記第１の太陽電池との距離が、前記第１の太陽電池の幅の０．１倍以上である、
    　請求項１に記載のガラス建材。
  3. 　前記第１の太陽電池の前記他方の面に対向し、前記一方向に延伸する形状を有する第１の反射板を更に含む、
    　請求項１又は２に記載のガラス建材。
  4. 　前記第１の反射板の幅は、前記第１の太陽電池の幅以上である、
    　請求項３に記載のガラス建材。
  5. 　前記第１の反射板は、前記反射膜における前記第１の太陽電池と対向しない面側に配置された、
    　請求項３に記載のガラス建材。
  6. 　前記反射膜における前記第１の太陽電池と対向しない面側には第２のガラス基板が設けられた、
    　請求項１乃至５のいずれかに記載のガラス建材。
  7. 　前記第１の太陽電池と前記反射膜との間には封止材が介在する、
    　請求項１乃至６のいずれかに記載のガラス建材。
  8. 　前記第１の太陽電池と前記反射膜との間には第３のガラス基板が介在する、
    　請求項１乃至６のいずれかに記載のガラス建材。
  9. 　前記第１の太陽電池は、少なくとも３００ｎｍ～１２００ｎｍの波長範囲に分光感度を有する、
    　請求項１乃至８のいずれか一つに記載のガラス建材。
  10. 　前記第１の太陽電池は、ヘテロ接合型太陽電池である、
    　請求項９に記載のガラス建材。
  11. 　前記反射膜は、前記第１の太陽電池の一方の面側から入射する太陽光における少なくとも近赤外光を反射し、前記第１の太陽電池の他方の面に入射させる、
    　請求項１乃至１０のいずれか一つに記載のガラス建材。
  12. 　前記反射膜は、前記第２の太陽電池の一方の面側から入射する太陽光における少なくとも近赤外光を反射し、前記第２の太陽電池の他方の面に入射させる、
    　請求項１１に記載のガラス建材。
  13. 　前記反射膜が、その表面に凹凸を有し、前記近赤外光を乱反射させて前記第１の太陽電池の他方の面に入射させる、
    　請求項１１又は１２に記載のガラス建材。
  14. 　前記反射膜が、その表面に凹凸を有し、前記近赤外光を乱反射させて前記第１の太陽電池の他方の面及び前記第２の太陽電池の他方の面に入射させる、
    　請求項１２に記載のガラス建材。
  15. 　前記第１の反射板は、前記第１の太陽電池の一方の面側から入射する太陽光における少なくとも近赤外成分と可視光成分とを反射し、前記第１の太陽電池の他方の面に入射させる、
    　請求項３乃至５のいずれか一つに記載のガラス建材。
  16. 　前記反射膜と前記第２のガラス基板との間には、空気層が介在する、
    　請求項６に記載のガラス建材。
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US10920482B2 (en) 2021-02-16
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JP7177699B2 (ja) 2022-11-24
SA519401333B1 (ar) 2022-06-29
CN109804471A (zh) 2019-05-24
JPWO2018056286A1 (ja) 2019-07-04
US20190211617A1 (en) 2019-07-11
KR20190051024A (ko) 2019-05-14
EP3518295A1 (en) 2019-07-31

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