Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C9/005—Reinforcements made of different materials, e.g. hybrid or composite cords
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C17/00—Tyres characterised by means enabling restricted operation in damaged or deflated condition; Accessories therefor
  • B60C17/0009—Tyres characterised by means enabling restricted operation in damaged or deflated condition; Accessories therefor comprising sidewall rubber inserts, e.g. crescent shaped inserts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C3/00—Tyres characterised by the transverse section
  • B60C3/04—Tyres characterised by the transverse section characterised by the relative dimensions of the section, e.g. low profile
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C9/0042—Reinforcements made of synthetic materials
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
  • D02G3/26—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre with characteristics dependent on the amount or direction of twist
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
  • D02G3/48—Tyre cords
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C2009/0071—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres characterised by special physical properties of the reinforcements
  • B60C2009/0078—Modulus
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C2009/0071—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres characterised by special physical properties of the reinforcements
  • B60C2009/0092—Twist structure
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C9/02—Carcasses
  • B60C9/04—Carcasses the reinforcing cords of each carcass ply arranged in a substantially parallel relationship
  • B60C2009/0416—Physical properties or dimensions of the carcass cords
  • B60C2009/0425—Diameters of the cords; Linear density thereof
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C9/02—Carcasses
  • B60C9/04—Carcasses the reinforcing cords of each carcass ply arranged in a substantially parallel relationship
  • B60C2009/0416—Physical properties or dimensions of the carcass cords
  • B60C2009/0433—Modulus
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C9/02—Carcasses
  • B60C9/04—Carcasses the reinforcing cords of each carcass ply arranged in a substantially parallel relationship
  • B60C2009/0416—Physical properties or dimensions of the carcass cords
  • B60C2009/0441—Density in width direction
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C9/02—Carcasses
  • B60C9/04—Carcasses the reinforcing cords of each carcass ply arranged in a substantially parallel relationship
  • B60C2009/0416—Physical properties or dimensions of the carcass cords
  • B60C2009/0466—Twist structures
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C9/02—Carcasses
  • B60C9/04—Carcasses the reinforcing cords of each carcass ply arranged in a substantially parallel relationship
  • B60C2009/0475—Particular materials of the carcass cords
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C13/00—Tyre sidewalls; Protecting, decorating, marking, or the like, thereof
  • B60C2013/005—Physical properties of the sidewall rubber
  • B60C2013/007—Thickness
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C17/00—Tyres characterised by means enabling restricted operation in damaged or deflated condition; Accessories therefor
  • B60C17/0009—Tyres characterised by means enabling restricted operation in damaged or deflated condition; Accessories therefor comprising sidewall rubber inserts, e.g. crescent shaped inserts
  • B60C2017/0054—Physical properties or dimensions of the inserts
  • B60C2017/0072—Thickness
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
  • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
  • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
  • D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2505/00—Industrial
  • D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs
  • D10B2505/022—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs for tyres

Definitions

• the invention relates to a reinforcing element comprising a multifilament strand of aromatic polyamide or aromatic copolyamide and a multifilament strand of polyester assembled together.
• the invention also relates to an elastomer composite comprising this reinforcing element and a tire comprising a carcass ply obtained from this composite.
• each reinforcing element comprises two polyester multifilament strands assembled together and helically wound around each other at a twist of 270 turns per meter.
• Each multifilament carcass strand has a relatively high titer of 334 tex.
• This reinforcing element has a torsion factor equal to 7.3 and a diameter equal to 0.96 mm.
• This carcass ply is obtained from a composite comprising an elastomer composition in which the reinforcement elements are embedded.
• the reinforcing elements are scrolled and two strips made in the elastomer composition, called elastomer skims, are brought on either side of the reinforcing elements of the elastomer. so that the reinforcing elements are sandwiched between the two elastomer skims.
• the composite thus obtained has a relatively high thickness of 1.47 mm with a density of 80 reinforcing elements per decimeter of composite.
• the first is to decrease the density of reinforcing elements.
• the second is to increase the breaking force of each reinforcing element.
• the carcass ply By decreasing the density of reinforcing elements of the carcass ply, for example 60 reinforcing elements per decimeter, the carcass ply is lightened but this leads to the decrease in the breaking force of the latter. This reduction in the breaking force of the carcass ply leads to a fall in the performance of the tire with respect to road hazards, which is obviously not desirable.
• the object of the invention is to find a reinforcing element making it possible to manufacture an elastomer composite that makes it possible to obtain a relatively light carcass ply capable of being used in many types of tire corresponding to very demanding uses. varied, for example for uses ranging from those corresponding to city vehicles to those corresponding to vehicles sports.
• Another object of the invention is to find a reinforcing element making it possible to manufacture an elastomer composite making it possible to obtain a carcass ply having a breaking force that is satisfactory for controlling road hazards, and having characteristics of titles and properties. torsions allowing the tire designer to adapt, according to the use for which the tire is intended, the other performances of the tire, for example the endurance.
• the subject of the invention is a reinforcing element comprising an assembly consisting of:
• R is the torsion of the reinforcing element expressed in revolutions per meter and Ti is the sum of the titers of the multifilament strands of the tex reinforcement element.
• aromatic polyamide filament or aromatic copolyamide By aromatic polyamide filament or aromatic copolyamide, it is well known that this is a filament of linear macromolecules formed of aromatic groups linked together by amide bonds, at least 85% of which are directly linked. two aromatic cores, and more particularly poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (or PPTA) fibers, manufactured for a long time from optically anisotropic spinning compositions.
• aromatic polyamides or aromatic copolyamides mention may be made of polyarylamides (or PAA, in particular known under the trade name Ixef from Solvay), poly (metaxylylene adipamide), polyphthalamides (or PPAs, in particular known under the trade name Amodel from Solvay), amorphous semi-aromatic polyamides (or PA 6- 3T, in particular known under the trade name Trogamid from Evonik), meta-aramides (or poly (metaphenylene isophthalamide or PA MPD-I especially known under the Nomex trade name of the company Du Pont de Nemours) or para-aramides (or poly (para-phenylene terephthalamide or PA PPD-T, known in particular under the trade name Kevlar from Du Pont de Nemours or Twaron from Teijin).
• PAA polyarylamides
• PAA poly (metaxylylene adipamide)
• PPAs in particular known under the trade name Amodel from Solva
• polyester filament it is recalled that it is a filament of linear macromolecules formed of groups linked together by ester bonds.
• the polyesters are made by polycondensation by esterification between a dicarboxylic acid or a diol derivative thereof.
• polyethylene terephthalate can be manufactured by polycondensation of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• PEN polyethylene naphthalate
• PBT polybutylene terephthalate
• PBN polybutylene naphthalate
• PPT polypropylene terephthalate
• PPN polypropylene naphthalate
• the tire reinforcing element has a relatively constant breaking force which allows the tire designer to adapt other characteristics of the tire. reinforcement element, in particular torsion, for the use or uses for which the tire is intended. In addition, in the selected range of torsion factor, the reinforcing member has an endurance compatible with most uses of current tires.
• the composite comprising the reinforcement element according to the invention has the advantage of allowing the tire designer to use a single carcass ply in the tire while maintaining, on the one hand, a satisfactory rupture force. to fight against road hazards and, secondly, an endurance compatible with most uses of current tires.
• the greater the torsion the greater the industrial risk of obtaining a significant dispersion of the breaking force of the reinforcing elements is high.
• a high torsion factor that is to say strictly greater than 6.5
• the selected range of torsion factor makes it possible to choose elements of reinforcement having a lower torsion, and therefore likely to lead to less dispersion of the breaking force of the reinforcing element.
• the multifilament strand of aromatic polyamide or aromatic copolyamide and the multifilament strand of polyester are assembled together and are helically wound around each other.
• the measurement of the torsion R of the reinforcing element can be carried out by any method known to those skilled in the art, for example in accordance with the standards ASTM D1423 or ASTM D 885 / D 885MA of January 2010 (paragraph 30). for example using a torsiometer.
• the title (or linear density) of each strand is determined according to ASTM D1423. The title is given in tex (weight in grams of 1000 m of product - recall: 0, 1 1 1 tex equal to 1 denier).
• the reinforcing element also comprises a layer of an adhesive composition coating the assembly consisting of the two strands.
• an adhesive composition is for example of the RFL type (acronym for Resorcinol-Formaldehyde-Latex).
• the torsion factor K of the reinforcing element ranges from 5.5 to 6.5, the value 5.5 being excluded, that is to say, belongs to the interval] 5.5 ; 6.5] (that is, excluding the value 5.5).
• the torsion factor K of the reinforcing element ranges from 5.6 to 6.1 and even more preferably from 5.9 to 6.1.
• the torsion of the reinforcing element is advantageously from 275 to 365 revolutions per meter, preferably from 275 to 350 revolutions per meter, more preferably from 300 to 330 revolutions per meter.
• the reinforcing element has sufficient endurance to be used in a tire suitable for most current uses and a risk of dispersion of its relatively weak breaking force.
• the title of the multifilament strand of aromatic polyamide or aromatic copolyamide ranges from 140 to 210 tex, preferably from 150 to 190 tex, more preferably from 160 to 180 tex.
• the reinforcing element would exhibit a relatively high torsion which would lead to a risk of dispersion of the breaking force.
• the reinforcing element would have a relatively low twist, which would lead to a risk of decreasing the tension. 'endurance.
• the titration intervals of the multifilament strand of aromatic polyamide or aromatic copolyamide described above make it possible preferentially to obtain a good compromise between breaking strength and endurance.
• the title of the polyester multifilament strand ranges from 100 to 210 tex, preferably from 120 to 190 tex, more preferably from 130 to 180 tex, more preferably from 160 to 180 tex.
• the reinforcing element in the titration intervals of the polyester multifilament strand described above, preferably has a good compromise force rupture-endurance.
• the initial modulus in extension of the reinforcing element ranges from 5.0 to 10.5 cN / tex.
• the initial module relates to certain performances of the reinforcing element with small deformations, in particular the rigidity of the tire. The designer of the tire can thus choose the initial module so as to adapt the reinforcing element and therefore the tire to the use for which the tire is intended.
• the initial modulus in extension of the reinforcing element is 5.7 to 8.5 cN / tex, more preferably 6.2 to 7.8 cN / tex, still more preferably 6.8 at 7.5 cN / tex.
• the carcass ply is wound and its two ends are superimposed on each other over a length of about one centimeter. In this superposition zone, the carcass ply has a double thickness and therefore a reinforcing element density K twice as high compared to the adjacent zones in which the carcass ply has a single thickness and therefore an element density. reinforcement K / 2.
• This difference in reinforcement element densities between the superposition zone and the adjacent zones induces a solicitation difference between the reinforcement elements of each of these zones and therefore a relatively large difference in elongation between the reinforcement elements of each of these zones. these zones creating an unsightly deformation of the sidewall of the tire.
• the bias difference between the reinforcing elements of each of the zones induces a relatively small difference in elongation and thus makes it possible to reduce the unsightly problems of the deformation of the sidewall of the tire.
• the final module in extension of the reinforcing element is from 14.0 to 21.5 cN / tex.
• the final module relates to certain performances of the reinforcing element with large deformations, in particular the strength of the reinforcement element when the reinforcing element is exposed to a road hazard.
• the designer of the tire can choose the final module so as to make the reinforcement element the more resistant to most road hazards without penalizing other performances.
• the final modulus in extension of the reinforcing element is 15.0 to 19.0 cN / tex, more preferably 15.8 to 18.5 cN / tex, even more preferably 16, 6 to 17.9 cN / tex.
• the initial modulus is defined as the slope at the origin of the linear part of the Force-Elongation curve which comes just after a standard pretension of 0.5 cN / tex.
• the final module is defined as the slope at the point corresponding to 80% of the breaking force of the Force-Elongation curve.
• the Force-Elongation curve is obtained by measurement in a known manner using an "INSTRON" traction machine equipped with “4D” pliers. The tested samples are pulled over an initial length of 400 mm at a nominal speed of 200 mm / min, under a standard pretension of 0.5 cN / tex.
• the ratio of the final module to the initial modulus ranges from 2.10 to 2.75, preferably from 2.15 to 2.45, more preferably from 2.20 to 2.40, more preferably from 2.25 to 2.40.
• the invention also relates to an elastomer composite comprising at least one reinforcement element as defined above embedded in an elastomer composition.
• elastomer composition is meant a composition comprising an elastomer, preferably diene, for example natural rubber, a reinforcing filler, for example carbon black and / or silica and a crosslinking system, for example. for example a vulcanization system, preferably comprising sulfur.
• the density of reinforcing elements in the composite ranges from 80 to 145 reinforcement elements per decimetre of composite, preferably from 90 to 130 reinforcing elements per decimetre of composite, more preferably from 100 to 125 reinforcing elements. per decimeter of composite, even more preferably from 105 to 120 reinforcing elements per decimeter of composite.
• the composite has a relatively high breaking force and relatively low cost for use in tires suitable for most uses.
• the density of reinforcing elements in the composite is the number of reinforcing elements taken on a decimetre of the composite in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the reinforcing elements extend parallel to each other.
• the ratio of the diameter of the reinforcing element to the thickness of the composite is strictly less than 0.65, preferably less than or equal to 0.62.
• it reduces the thickness of the composite and thus the hysteresis of tires to reduce the energy consumption of vehicles equipped with such tires.
• the diameter of the reinforcing element is less than or equal to 0.95 mm, preferably less than or equal to 0.80 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 0.70 mm.
• the reinforcing element according to the invention extends in a general direction G and the diameter of this reinforcement element is the diameter in which this reinforcement element is inscribed in a section plane perpendicular to the direction G.
• the thickness of the composite is less than or equal to 1.45 mm, preferably less than or equal to 1.30 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 1.20 mm.
• the thickness of the composite is the shortest distance between the two outer surfaces of the composite, that is to say the distance measured in a direction perpendicular to the two outer surfaces of the composite.
• Yet another object of the invention is a tire comprising a carcass reinforcement comprising at least one carcass ply obtained from an elastomer composite as defined above.
• the tires of the invention may be intended for motor vehicles of the tourism type, 4x4, "SUV” (Sport Utility Vehicles), but also to two-wheeled vehicles such as motorcycles, or to industrial vehicles such as metro, buses, road transport vehicles (trucks, tractors, trailers), off-the-road vehicles, agricultural machinery or civil engineering equipment.
• SUV Sport Utility Vehicles
• industrial vehicles such as metro, buses, road transport vehicles (trucks, tractors, trailers), off-the-road vehicles, agricultural machinery or civil engineering equipment.
• the tires may be intended for motor vehicles of the tourism type, 4x4, "SUV” (Sport Utility Vehicles).
• the carcass reinforcement comprises a single carcass ply.
• the combined use of aromatic polyamide or aromatic copolyamide and of polyester makes it possible to obtain a carcass ply with properties of mechanical strength, in particular of strength at break and of endurance sufficiently high to allow the designer of the tire to limit the number of carcass plies in the carcass reinforcement to a single (and not more) carcass ply.
• the presence of a single carcass ply makes it possible to obtain a tire whose carcass reinforcement is more flexible than a tire whose carcass reinforcement comprises several carcass plies.
• the tire comprises an apex extended radially inwardly by two sidewalls, each sidewall being extended radially inwardly by two beads each comprising at least one annular reinforcement structure, the armature of carcass is anchored in each of the beads by a reversal around the annular reinforcing structure.
• the reinforcement elements of the carcass ply are arranged side by side parallel to each other in a main direction substantially perpendicular to the general direction in which the reinforcement elements of the carcass ply extend, the general direction making an angle ranging from 80 ° to 90 ° with the circumferential direction of the tire.
• the tire comprises a crown reinforcement disposed radially outside the carcass reinforcement, the crown reinforcement comprising a working reinforcement comprising at least one and preferably two working plies.
• each working ply comprises a plurality of work reinforcing elements, preferably metallic, arranged side by side substantially parallel to each other.
• Such work reinforcing elements form an angle ranging from 10 ° to 45 ° with the circumferential direction of the tire.
• the reinforcing elements of work are crossed by one working ply with respect to the other.
• the crown reinforcement comprises a frettage reinforcement arranged radially outside the working frame.
• the hooping web comprises hoop reinforcing elements, preferably textile, arranged side by side substantially parallel to each other. Such hoop reinforcing elements form an angle at most equal to 10 °, preferably ranging from 5 ° to 10 ° with the circumferential direction of the tire.
• textile means very generally, any material of a material other than metal, whether natural as synthetic, capable of being transformed into wire, fiber or film by any method of appropriate transformation.
• a polymer spinning process such as for example melt spinning, spinning solution or gel spinning.
• non-polymeric material for example mineral material such as glass or non-polymeric organic material such as carbon
• the invention is preferably implemented with polymeric materials, both thermoplastic and non-thermoplastic.
• polymeric materials of the thermoplastic or non-thermoplastic type
• celluloses in particular rayon, polyvinyl alcohols (abbreviated as "PVA”), polyketones, aramids (aromatic polyamides), aromatic polyesters, polybenzazoles (abbreviated “PBO”), polyimides, polyesters, especially those chosen from PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PBN (polybutylene naphthalate), PPT ( polypropylene terephthalate), PPN (polypropylene naphthalate).
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• PEN polyethylene naphthalate
• PBT polybutylene terephthalate
• PBN polybutylene naphthalate
• PPT polypropylene terephthalate
• PPN polypropylene naphthalate
• the tire comprises a tread arranged radially outside the crown reinforcement and intended to be in contact with the ground during the rolling of the tire.
• the carcass ply is obtained from the composite by conforming a tire blank.
• a manufacturing cylinder having a generally toroidal shape around an axis of the cylinder, the cylinder having a laying surface in contact with which is wound the composite according to the invention which then forms a cylindrical winding axially and circumferentially continuous.
• the composite can be placed directly in contact with the laying surface or on a radially inner ply, for example a sealing ply, itself wound in contact with the laying surface.
• the composite is deposited in a single cylindrical turn.
• other plies are available on the composite.
• the tire is then obtained in the green state. Finally, the tire is reticulated, for example by vulcanization, in order to obtain the tire in the fired state.
• the tire has an aspect ratio of from 30 to 55 and preferably from 30 to 50.
• the aspect ratio or nominal aspect ratio is the ratio expressed as a percentage of height. of the section of the tire on the nominal width of the section of the tire as defined in the "Engineering Design Information", 2010, of the European Tire and Rim Technical Organization (ETRTO), paragraph D, page GI.5. All else being equal, a tire is all the more sensitive to road hazards, especially those involving a pinch of the carcass ply (called “pinch shock"), that this tire has a small aspect ratio. Thus, tires having an aspect ratio of less than or equal to 55 are particularly sensitive to pinching.
• tires having aspect ratios less than or equal to 55 comprising carcass ply reinforcement elements according to the invention are not more sensitive than similar tires having larger aspect ratios, for example greater than 55, unlike tires of the state of the art, comprising, for example, polyester carcass ply reinforcement elements having an extreme pinch sensitivity at aspect ratios of 55 or lower when this sensitivity is average for similar tires having larger aspect ratios, for example greater than 55.
• the tire has an aspect ratio greater than or equal to 55, preferably ranging from 55 to 75, more preferably from 60 to 70.
• a tire having such an aspect ratio is typically used on 4x4 or SUV vehicles and is meet particular uses, especially off-road and / or heavy load uses.
• Prior art tires having such an aspect ratio comprise a carcass reinforcement comprising two carcass plies in order to satisfy these particular uses. With the composite described above, such tires may comprise a single carcass ply and support the particular uses they are to meet.
• the tire comprises two sidewalls, each side has an average thickness measured in a median tangential plane of the tire, less than 10 mm.
• This flank thickness is the distance measured between the outer surface of the tire and the inner surface of the tire in the median tangential plane.
• the median tangential plane of the tire is the plane which is perpendicular to the medial circumferential plane and being radially equidistant from a first tangential plane passing through the outer surface of the tread and from a second tangential plane passing through the radially inner end. of the tire.
• the tire is adapted for a flat run.
• the capacity of the tire to be adapted for a flat run is indicated on the sidewall of the tire, in particular by a logo or a distinctive designation, for example "SSR” (for Self Supporting Runflat), “SST” (for Self Supporting). Tire), “RFT”, “ROF” (for Run On Fiat), “RME” (for Extended Mobility Technology), “Run-On-Flat” or “ZP” (for Zero Pressure) or simply “Run Fiat ".
• the tire comprises a sidewall insert disposed axially inside the carcass reinforcement.
• the tire comprises two sidewalls, each side has an average thickness measured in a median tangential plane of the tire, greater than or equal to 10 mm.
• the thickness of each sidewall and the median tangential plane are as defined above.
• RMG Rolling Mode Inflated
• the reinforcing element has a relatively low modulus to low deformations (in normal rolling mode), in this case that of the polyester strand, which is compatible with RMG performance.
• the reinforcing element has a relatively high modulus to strong deformations (in flat rolling mode), in this case that of the aromatic polyamide strand or aromatic copolyamide, which proves sufficient to ensure, on its own, the performance RME .
• FIG. 1 is a radial sectional view of a tire according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2 illustrates a composite making it possible to obtain a carcass ply of the tire of FIG. 1;
• - Figure 3a illustrates is a sectional view along the plane ⁇ - ⁇ of the composite of Figure 2;
• FIG. 3b is a view similar to that of FIG. 3a of a composite of the state of the art
• FIG. 4 illustrates a detailed view of a reinforcement element of the tire of FIG. 1 and the composite of FIG. 2;
• FIG. 5 is an enlargement of a sectional view of a reinforcing element according to the invention.
• the term "radial” it is appropriate to distinguish several different uses of the word by those skilled in the art.
• the term refers to a radius of the tire. It is in this sense that we say from point A that it is “radially interior” to a point B (or “radially inside” of point B) if it is closer to the axis of rotation of the tire than the point B.
• a point C is said to be “radially outside a point D (or” radially outside “of the point D) if it is farther from the axis of rotation of the only point D. It will be said that one is advancing "radially inwards (or outward)” when moving towards smaller (or larger) radii. When it comes to radial distances, this sense of the term also applies.
• radial section or “radial section” means here a section or section in a plane which comprises the axis of rotation of the tire.
• the "median circumferential plane" M of the tire is the plane which is normal to the axis of rotation of the tire and which is equidistant from the annular reinforcing structures of each bead.
• the "median tangential plane" T of the tire is the plane which is perpendicular to the "medial circumferential plane” M and radially equidistant from a first tangential plane T1 passing through the outer surface of the tire. tread and a second tangential plane T2 passing through the radially inner end of the tire.
• An "axial” direction is a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire.
• a “circumferential” direction is a direction that is perpendicular to both a tire radius and the axial direction.
• F is the average thickness of the sidewall of the tire measured in the median tangential plane, that is to say the distance measured between the outer wall and the inner wall of the tire in the plane. medial tangential. This thickness is average because calculated on 5 values measured on 5 sections evenly distributed circumferentially on the tire.
• any range of values designated by the expression “from a to b” means the range of values from the "a" terminal to the “b” terminal. ie including the strict limits "a” and "b”.
• FIG. 1 Diagrammatically in FIG. 1, a radial sectional view of a tire according to a first embodiment of the invention and designated by the general reference 10.
• the tire 10 is substantially of revolution around an axis substantially parallel to the axial direction X.
• the tire 10 is here intended for a passenger vehicle.
• the tire 10 has an aspect ratio ranging from 30 to 55 and preferably from 30 to 50. In this case, the tire has the dimension 245/40 R18 and therefore an aspect ratio equal to 40.
• the tire 10 according to the first embodiment is not suitable for running flat.
• the tire 10 has an apex 12 comprising a crown reinforcement 14 comprising a working frame 15 comprising two working plies 16, 18 of reinforcing elements and a hooping frame 17 comprising a hooping ply 19 reinforcement reinforcement elements.
• the crown reinforcement 14 is surmounted by a tread 20 arranged radially outside the crown reinforcement 14.
• the hooping frame 17, here the hooping sheet 19 is radially interposed between the reinforcement work 15 and the tread 20.
• the tire also comprises two flanks 22 extending the vertex 12 radially inwards.
• the tire 10 further comprises two radially inner flanges 24 to flanks 22 and each having an annular reinforcing structure 26, in this case a bead wire 28, surmounted by a mass of bead tamping rubber 30 and a radial carcass reinforcement 32.
• the carcass reinforcement 32 comprises at least one carcass ply comprising several reinforcement elements, the ply being anchored to each of the beads 24 by a turn around the bead wire 28, so as to form in each bead 24 a strand going 38 extending from the beads through the flanks to the top 12, and a return strand 40, the radially outer end 42 of the return strand 40 being radially outwardly of the annular reinforcing structure 26.
• the reinforcement carcass 32 thus extends from the beads 24 through the flanks 22 to the top 12.
• the carcass reinforcement 32 is arranged radially inside the crown reinforcement 14 and the hooping frame 17
• the carcass reinforcement 32 comprises a single carcass ply 34.
• the tire 10 also comprises an inner sealing layer 43, preferably of butyl, located axially inside the flanks 22 and radially inner to the crown reinforcement 14 and extending between the two beads 24.
• an inner sealing layer 43 preferably of butyl
• the average thickness F of each sidewall 22 of the tire 10 measured in the median tangential plane Test less than 10 mm.
• the average thickness F is here equal to 5 mm.
• Each working ply 16, 18, shrink 19 and carcass 34 comprises a polymeric composition in which are embedded reinforcing elements of the corresponding web.
• Each polymeric composition, here an elastomeric composition, working plies 16, 18, shrinking 19 and carcass 34 is made in a conventional composition for calendering reinforcing elements conventionally comprising a diene elastomer, for example natural rubber.
• a reinforcing filler for example carbon black and / or silica
• a crosslinking system for example a vulcanization system, preferably comprising sulfur, stearic acid and zinc oxide, and optionally an accelerator and / or vulcanization retarder and / or various additives.
• the composite comprises a plurality of reinforcing elements.
• the reinforcing elements are arranged side by side parallel to one another in a main direction D substantially perpendicular to the general direction G, according to which the reinforcing elements of the carcass ply extend, the general direction G forming an angle ranging from 80 ° to 90 ° with the circumferential direction Z of the tire 10 once the composite forming the carcass ply 34 within the tire 10.
• the general direction G makes an angle substantially equal to 90 ° with the circumferential direction Z of the tire 10 once the composite forming the carcass ply 34 in the tire 10.
• a reinforcing element 45 and the corresponding assembly 49 will be described below.
• a composite 36 corresponding to the reinforcing element 45 will also be described.
• the reinforcing element 45 comprises an assembly 49 consisting of a multifilament strand of aromatic polyamide or aromatic copolyamide 46 and of a multifilament strand of polyester 48, the two strands 46, 48 being helically wrapped around each other.
• the reinforcing element 45 is balanced in torsions.
• Figure 5 is a sectional view of the reinforcing element 45 according to the invention and on which one distinguishes the monofilaments of each of the strands.
• the aromatic polyamide chosen here is preferably a para-aramid, known under the trademark Twaron 1000 from the company Teijin.
• Polyester is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), known as High Module Low Shrinkage (HMLS) from companies Hyosung or Hailide.
• HMLS High Module Low Shrinkage
• the reinforcing element 45 comprises, in addition to the assembly 49, a layer of an adhesive composition coating the assembly 49.
• the title of the multifilament strand 46 of aromatic polyamide or aromatic copolyamide ranges from 140 to 210 tex, preferably from 150 to 190 tex, more preferably from 160 to 180 tex. In the reinforcing element 45, the title of the strand 46 is equal to 167 tex.
• the title of the multifilament strand 48 polyester is from 100 to 210 tex, preferably from 120 to 190 tex, more preferably from 130 to 180 tex, more preferably from 160 to 180 tex.
• the title of the strand 48 is equal to 167 tex. r01041Torsion of the reinforcement element
• the torsion of the reinforcing element ranges from 275 to 365 revolutions per meter, preferably from 275 to 350 revolutions per meter, more preferably from 300 to 330 revolutions per meter. In this case, the torsion of the reinforcing element 45 is equal to 315 revolutions per meter. r01061Initial and final modules of the reinforcement element
• the initial expansion module of each reinforcing element 45 is from 5.0 to 10.5 cN / tex.
• the initial modulus in extension of the reinforcing element is advantageously from 5.7 to 8.5 cN / tex, preferably from 6.2 to 7.8 cN / tex, more preferably from 6.8 to 7.5 cN / tex.
• the initial modulus of the reinforcing element 45 is equal to 7.2 cN / tex.
• the final module in extension of the reinforcing element 45 is from 14.0 to 21.5 cN / tex.
• the final modulus in extension of the reinforcing element advantageously ranges from 15.0 to 19.0 cN / tex, preferably from 15.8 to 18.5 cN / tex. more preferably from 16.6 to 17.9 cN / tex.
• the final module of the reinforcing element 45 is equal to 16.9 cN / tex.
• the ratio of the final module on the initial module ranges from 2.10 to 2.75.
• the ratio of the final module to the initial modulus is advantageously from 2.15 to 2.45, preferably from 2.20 to 2.40, more preferably from 2.25 to 2.50. 40. In this case, the ratio of the final module on the initial module of the reinforcing element 45 is equal to 2.34.
• the torsion factor K of the reinforcing element 45 ranges from 5.5 to 6.5. [0115] Preferably in the reinforcing element 45, the torsion factor K belongs to the interval] 5,5; 6.5] (that is to say excluding the value 5.5), preferably from 5.6 to 6.1 and even more preferably from 5.9 to 6.1. In this case, the torsion factor K of the reinforcing element 45 is equal to 6.0.
• the composite 36 has a thickness E and the reinforcing element 45 has a diameter d.
• the diameter d corresponds to the diameter of the theoretical circle in which is inscribed the reinforcing element.
• Figure 5 illustrates the reinforcing element 45 as actually observable.
• the diameter of the reinforcing element 45 is less than or equal to 0.95 mm, preferably less than or equal to 0.80 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 0.70 mm.
• the thickness E of the composite 36 is less than or equal to 1.45 mm, preferably less than or equal to 1.30 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 1.20 mm.
• the ratio d / E is strictly less than 0.65, preferably less than or equal to 0.62.
• the density of the reinforcing element 45 in the composite 36 ranges from 90 to 130 reinforcing elements per decimetre of each composite 36, preferably from 100 to 125 reinforcement elements per decimetre of the composite 36, more preferably from 105 to 120 reinforcing elements per decimetre of the composite 36.
• the density of reinforcing elements 45 is equal to 1 10 reinforcing elements per decimetre of composite 36.
• FIG. 3a shows the pitch P which is the distance separating two similar points of two adjacent reinforcing elements 45.
• the pitch P is generally called no laying of the reinforcing elements in the composite.
• the pitch P and the reinforcing element density per decimeter of composite are such that the reinforcing element density per decimeter of composite is equal to 100 / P.
• the density of reinforcing elements and the thickness described above are, as explained above, the density of reinforcing elements 45 and the thickness E of the composite 36.
• the carcass ply 34 being obtained at from the composite 36 by conformation of a tire blank, the density of reinforcement elements and the thickness of the carcass ply 34 are different from those of the composite and vary according to whether one is more or less close the axis of revolution of the tire. These variations are in particular dependent on the conformation rate of the tire blank, but also on its geometry. Starting from the conformation rate of the tire blank and its geometry, the person skilled in the art will be able to determine the characteristics of the corresponding composite. [0124JPROCESS OF MANUFACTURING THE REINFORCING ELEMENT
• the reinforcing element 45 is torsionally balanced, that is to say that the two multifilament strands are wound with a substantially identical twist and that the twist of the monofilaments of each multifilament strand is substantially zero .
• each monofilament yarn in English "yarn"
• an initial twist equal to 315 turns per meter in a given direction, here the direction Z
• surtors in English "strand”
• the two strands are then twisted together in a final twist equal to 315 turns per meter in direction S to obtain the assembly of the reinforcing element (in English "cord”).
• each assembly is coated with an adhesive composition, for example an adhesive composition of the RFL type (acronym for Resorcinol-Formaldehyde-Latex) and undergoes heat treatment steps in order to crosslink, at least part, the adhesive composition.
• an adhesive composition of the RFL type ascronym for Resorcinol-Formaldehyde-Latex
• Composite 36 is manufactured by embedding several reinforcing elements 45 in the elastomer composition, for example by calendering.
• calendering which is well known to the person skilled in the art, reinforcing elements are made to slide and two strips produced in an elastomer composition, called skims, are brought on either side of the elements of the reinforcing so as to sandwich the reinforcing elements between the two skims. The reinforcing elements are thus drowned in the elastomer composition.
• the method of manufacturing the tire is that conventionally used by those skilled in the art. During this process and as already described, successively, during a first series of assembly steps, different plies and composites, including the composite according to the invention for forming the carcass ply 34 of the tire, are successively arranged. 10. Then, conform the draft thus obtained. Then, other plies and composites are available for forming the crown 12 of the tire 10. Finally, the blank thus obtained is vulcanized to obtain the tire 10.
• FIG. 6 shows a tire according to a second embodiment of the invention. Elements similar to those of the first embodiment are designated by identical references.
• the tire 10 according to the second embodiment has an aspect ratio greater than or equal to 55, preferably ranging from 55 to 75.
• the tire has the dimension 205/55 R16 and therefore an aspect ratio equal to 55.
• FIG. 7 shows a tire according to a third embodiment of the invention. Elements similar to those of the first embodiment are designated by identical references.
• the tire 10 according to the third embodiment is a tire adapted for a flat run.
• the tire is arranged to withstand a load corresponding to a portion of the weight of the vehicle during a run-flat situation, that is to say with a pressure substantially equal to atmospheric pressure.
• the tire 10 according to the third embodiment comprises two self-supporting flanks 22 extending the vertex 12 radially inwardly.
• the tire 10 comprises two flank inserts 50, axially inner to the carcass reinforcement 32 and axially external to the inner sealing layer 43.
• the flank inserts 50 are arranged axially between the carcass reinforcement 32 and the inner sealing layer 43.
• Each insert 50 is made of a specific elastomeric composition.
• WO 02/096677 gives several examples of specific elastomeric compositions that can be used to form such an insert.
• Each sidewall insert 50 may contribute to supporting a load corresponding to a portion of the weight of the vehicle during a run-flat situation.
• each flank 22 has an average thickness F measured in the median tangential plane T greater than or equal to 10 mm.
• the average thickness F is here equal to 17 mm.
• FIG. 3b a composite of the state of the art designated by the general reference NT of a tire of the state of the art.
• the composite NT comprises reinforcing elements ET each comprising an assembly consisting of two polyester multifilament strands assembled together and helically wound around each other at a twist of 270 turns per meter.
• Each ET reinforcement element is balanced in torsions.
• Each multifilament strand of the reinforcing element ET has a title equal to 334 tex.
• a control NT 'composite comprising control reinforcing elements ET', each comprising an assembly consisting of a multifilament strand of aromatic polyamide or aromatic copolyamide, and a multifilament strand of polyester and assembled together and wound in a helix were also used. one around the other at a twist of 290 turns per meter.
• Each reinforcing element ET ' is balanced in torsions.
• the multifilament strand of aromatic polyamide or aromatic copolyamide, here para-aramid identical to that of the reinforcing element 45, has a title equal to 167 tex.
• the polyester multifilament strand, here PET identical to that of the reinforcing element 45 has a title equal to 144 tex.
• the characteristics of the reinforcing element 45 of the tire 10 according to the invention, the reinforcing element ET 'and the reinforcing element ET of the state of the invention are summarized in Table 1. technical.
• the breaking force measurements are made in tension according to ISO 6892 of 1984.
• the reinforcing element 45 has initial and final modules significantly higher than those of the reinforcement element of the state of the art ET.
• the breaking force of the reinforcing element 45 is high enough to effectively fight against road hazards. It will be noted that the breaking force of the reinforcing element 45 is greater than that of the control reinforcing element ET 'and almost identical to that of the reinforcing element ET.
• the composite 36 according to the invention comprising reinforcing elements 45 was compared, the control composite NT 'comprising the control reinforcing elements ET' and a composite NT of the state of the art comprising reinforcing elements AND .
• the geometric characteristics of these composites are summarized in Table 2 below.
• the reinforcing element ET of the state of the art has a diameter d much greater than that of the reinforcing elements 45 of the composite according to the invention.
• the composite 36 according to the invention is much thinner than the composite NT and the composite NT '.
• the d / E ratio of the composite 36 is smaller than the d / E ratio of the composite of the state of the art so that the composite 36 is lighter.
• the composite 36 has a breaking force much higher than the composite NT and the composite NT '.
• Table 3 shows the breaking force of reinforcing elements comprising a multifilament yarn of aramid (Twaron 1000 from Teijin) having a title equal to 167 tex and a multifilament strand of PET (PET HMLS). of the company Hyosung) having a title equal to 144 tex, the two strands being helically wound around each other and each reinforcing element being balanced in torsions. The twist was varied to vary the torsion factor K from 3.7 to 7.0. The breaking force measurements are made in tension according to ISO 6892 of 1984.
• Table 4 also shows the breaking force of reinforcement elements comprising a multifilament yarn of aramid (Twaron 1000 from Teijin) having a title equal to 167 tex and a multifilament strand of PET (PET). HMLS Hailide) having a title equal to 167 tex, the two strands being helically wound around each other and each reinforcing element being balanced in torsions. The twist was varied to vary the twist factor K from 4.6 to 7.0. The breaking force measurements are made in tension according to ISO 6892 of 1984.
• Tables 3 and 4 show that, for a given title, in the torsion factor range K ranging from 5.5 to 6.5, the breaking force of each reinforcing element is substantially constant.
• the designer of the tire can adapt other characteristics of the reinforcing element, in particular the torsion, to the use or uses for which the tire is intended, in particular to vary the endurance as explained below.
• the endurance of the reinforcing element 45 was compared to that of other aramid / PET reinforcing elements I, II, III and ET '.
• Reinforcing elements II and 45 are in accordance with the invention.
• the reinforcing elements I, III and ET ' are not in accordance with the invention.
• reinforcement elements were embedded in an elastomer composition to form a test specimen in the form of 30 mm thick strip which was cycled around a bar cylindrical. After 190,000 cycles, the ultimate breaking force of each reinforcing member was measured. We then calculated the decay corresponding to the loss, in%, of force at rupture after 190,000 cycles. The higher the lapse, the lower the endurance.
• Table 5 The results of the tests as well as the characteristics of the reinforcement elements tested are summarized in Table 5 below.
• the results of the reinforcing elements II and 45 show that, for given strand titles, on the torsion factor range K ranging from 5.5 to 6.5, the endurance can be varied according to the desired use of the tire, for example by varying the torsion.
• the tire designer can vary the endurance according to a specific use for which the tire is intended, for example to a sporting use by increasing the torsion, or choose an endurance compatible with most uses of current tires. , choosing a lower twist.
• the reinforcing element 45 has both a relatively high initial breaking force and an endurance relatively close to that of the reinforcing element III having a much higher torsion factor. Moreover, in the torsion factor range K ranging from 5.5 to 6.5, the initial breaking force is much greater than that of the reinforcing member III having a torsion factor greater than the gap.
• the tire 10 according to the invention was compared to a tire PT of the state of the art comprising a carcass ply obtained from the composite NT.
• the tire 10 has a reduced mass compared to the tire of the state of the art PT.
• the tire may have an aspect ratio ranging from 60 to 70.

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• 2016
  • 2016-09-19 FR FR1658764A patent/FR3056149A1/fr active Pending
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