WO2018049664A1 - 菌用无土栽培基质及其栽培方法 - Google Patents

菌用无土栽培基质及其栽培方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018049664A1
WO2018049664A1 PCT/CN2016/099276 CN2016099276W WO2018049664A1 WO 2018049664 A1 WO2018049664 A1 WO 2018049664A1 CN 2016099276 W CN2016099276 W CN 2016099276W WO 2018049664 A1 WO2018049664 A1 WO 2018049664A1
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substrate
parts
soilless culture
dry
culture substrate
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PCT/CN2016/099276
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王亮
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王亮
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/099276 priority Critical patent/WO2018049664A1/zh
Publication of WO2018049664A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018049664A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plant substrate, in particular to a soilless culture substrate for bacteria and a cultivation method thereof.
  • Soilless culture A method of cultivating plants with other things, including hydroponics, fog (gas) culture, and substrate cultivation.
  • a soilless culture method in which a plant substrate is fixed with a solid substrate (medium) and the nutrient solution and oxygen are absorbed through the substrate.
  • the commonly used inorganic substrates are vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, sand, polyurethane, etc.; organic substrates include peat, rice husk charcoal and bark. Therefore, substrate cultivation is divided into rock wool cultivation, sand culture, etc., and our agricultural field is also actively conducting research experiments on soilless substrates.
  • the matrix is the key to ensure the quality of the strain.
  • the high-quality matrix can provide a good ventilation environment and suitable water holding capacity for the strain, and has the characteristics of light weight, convenient transportation, no pests and diseases, and economic and environmental protection of raw materials.
  • the quality of the substrate directly affects the growth of planting plants and strains. This has become the focus of continuous research and testing in the field of agricultural matrix research, and the agricultural sector is directly facing the majority of farmers, so it is necessary to consider the cost. How to match a matrix suitable for bacterial cultivation and low cost is the focus of our research.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a soilless culture substrate for bacteria and a cultivation method thereof, and to obtain a suitable method by considering the cost of the substrate raw material, the matrix nutrient and the ratio test of the substrate to the fungus planting.
  • the technical scheme of the invention adopts wheat bran, dried cow dung, grass ash, dried mangium, peat soil and sheep manure as matrix formula raw materials, peat soil is a matrix material rich in organic matter content, wheat bran, dried cow dung, grass ash, dry Mango, sheep dung, and substrate materials are easy to obtain and environmentally friendly for farmers.
  • the technical solution of the present invention provides a soilless culture substrate for bacteria, and the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: wheat bran 10%-30%, dried cow dung 10%-20%, grass ash 20%-35%, dry 10%-15% of manggo, 15%-35% of peat soil, 5%-15% of sheep manure; the pH of the substrate is 5.8-7.7, the conductivity is 580-730 ⁇ s/cm, and the water holding capacity is 58%-70%.
  • the air porosity is 10% to 30%, the total porosity is 50% to 85%, and the bulk density is 0.15 to 0.7 g/cm 3 .
  • the bacteria using the soilless culture substrate raw material also includes the following ratios: wheat bran 16%, dried cow dung 17%, grass ash 27%, dry awning 11%, peat soil 23%, and sheep manure 6%.
  • the dry manure said bacteria use soilless culture substrate raw materials by volume ratio also includes the following ratio: wheat bran 13%, dried cow dung 10%, grass ash 33%, dry awning 15%, peat soil 21%, sheep faeces 8%.
  • the dry soil dregs using the soilless culture substrate raw material also includes the following ratios: wheat bran 18%, dried cow dung 10%, grass ash 24%, dried mangium 12%, peat soil 23%, sheep manure 13% Dry cow dung.
  • the bacteria use soilless culture substrate raw materials also include the following ratios by volume ratio: wheat bran 21%, dried cow dung 11%, grass ash 21%, dried mangium 10%, peat soil 28%, sheep manure 9% dry cow dung .
  • the above-mentioned soilless culture substrate is used for any of the above-mentioned bacteria.
  • the substrate has a pH of 6.0 to 7.5, an electric conductivity of 650 to 700 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 64% to 67%, and an air porosity of 21% to 28%.
  • the porosity is 55% to 70%, and the bulk density is 0.25 to 0.50 g/cm 3 .
  • any of the above-mentioned bacteria uses a soilless culture substrate, the wheat bran has a diameter of 0.1 mm to 7 mm, and the peat soil has a diameter of 5 mm to 15 mm.
  • the invention also discloses a soilless cultivation substrate cultivation method for bacteria
  • Formulating the substrate mixing the matrix materials described in any one of the above items uniformly, building and fermenting, and sterilizing;
  • the water has a pH of 6.8 to 7.4 and an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ s/cm to 150 ⁇ s/cm.
  • the substrate cultivation method comprises a mushroom rod and a trampoline planting.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the field of use of the substrate is mostly in the agricultural field, and the raw materials of the matrix are easily obtained, such as wheat bran, dried cow dung, grass ash, dried mango, sheep dung, etc., which are readily available to farmers, and can be utilized by farmers.
  • the self-owned resources are used to prepare the substrate, which effectively reduces the cost of the matrix raw material; at the same time, the raw material of the substrate is the environmentally friendly raw material of the farmhouse, and the pollution is not pollution; the traditional substrate uses the pure fecal grass substrate, and the peat soil is added to the matrix to reduce the feces.
  • the grass composition shortens the production cycle, and the cultivation quality is also superior to the traditional pure fecal substrate, which improves the yield and quality of the fungus.
  • the invention discloses a substrate cultivation method, which is simple in operation and convenient for popularization.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a soilless culture substrate for bacteria and a cultivation method thereof, and the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: wheat bran 10%-30%, dried cow dung 10%-20%, and vegetation ash 20%- 35%, dry awning 10%-15%, peat soil 15%-35%, sheep feces 5%-15%; the substrate pH 5.8 ⁇ 7.7, conductivity 580 ⁇ 730 ⁇ s / cm, water holding capacity of 58 % to 70%, air porosity is 10% to 30%, total porosity is 50% to 85%, and bulk density is 0.15 to 0.7 g/cm 3 .
  • the wheat bran has a diameter of 0.1 mm to 7 mm, and the peat soil has a diameter of 5 mm to 15 mm.
  • the water has a pH of 6.8 to 7.4 and an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ s/cm to 150 ⁇ s/cm.
  • Formulating the substrate mixing the matrix materials described in any one of the above items uniformly, building and fermenting, and sterilizing;
  • the matrix has a pH of 6.0 to 7.5, an electric conductivity of 650 to 700 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 64% to 67%, an air porosity of 21% to 28%, a total porosity of 55% to 70%, and a bulk density of 0.25. ⁇ 0.50g/cm 3 .
  • the substrate cultivation method comprises a mushroom rod and a trampoline planting.
  • a better matrix formulation was obtained by comparing the diameters of the stalk diameter, the length of the stalk, the diameter of the stalk, the period of the mushroom, and the yield of the same planting area.
  • the soil-free culture substrate raw material also includes the following ratios: wheat bran 16%, dried cow dung 17%, grass ash 27%, dry awning 11%, peat soil 23%, and sheep manure 6%.
  • the dry cow dung had a substrate pH of 6.8, a conductivity of 660 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 64%, an air porosity of 28%, a total porosity of 56%, and a bulk density of 0.3 g/cm3.
  • the ratio of the matrix is adjusted uniformly, the pile is added with water to ferment, and then lime is added, disinfected and sterilized; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounting for 1% of the whole medium.
  • the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
  • Sowing The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type.
  • the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
  • the trampoline further comprises a substrate comprising grass carbon soil and dry straw, the grass soil and the dry straw are uniformly laid, and a layer of lime is evenly laid on the substrate, and the lime layer is 0.5CM-2CM. .
  • the nutrient solution A comprises 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period
  • the nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
  • the soil-free culture substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: wheat bran 13%, dried cow dung 10%, grass ash 33%, dry awning 15%, peat soil 21%, and sheep manure 8%.
  • the dried cow dung had a substrate pH of 7.0, a conductivity of 640 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 66%, an air porosity of 23%, a total porosity of 60%, and a bulk density of 0.35 g/cm3.
  • the ratio of the matrix is adjusted uniformly, the pile is added with water to ferment, and then lime is added, disinfected and sterilized; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounting for 1% of the whole medium.
  • the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
  • Sowing The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type.
  • the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
  • the trampoline further comprises a substrate comprising grass carbon soil and dry straw, the grass soil and the dry straw are uniformly laid, and a layer of lime is evenly laid on the substrate, and the lime layer is 0.5CM-2CM. .
  • the nutrient solution A comprises 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period
  • the nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
  • the soil-free culture substrate raw material also includes the following ratios: wheat bran 18%, dried cow dung 10%, grass ash 24%, dried mangium 12%, peat soil 23%, sheep manure 13% dried cow manure.
  • the substrate has a pH of 7.4, an electrical conductivity of 670 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 65%, an air porosity of 26%, a total porosity of 57%, and a bulk density of 0.4 g/cm3.
  • the ratio of the matrix is adjusted uniformly, the pile is added with water to ferment, and then lime is added, disinfected and sterilized; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounting for 1% of the whole medium.
  • the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
  • Sowing The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type.
  • the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
  • the trampoline further comprises a substrate comprising grass carbon soil and dry straw, the grass soil and the dry straw are uniformly laid, and a layer of lime is evenly laid on the substrate, and the lime layer is 0.5CM-2CM. .
  • the nutrient solution A comprises 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period
  • the nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
  • the soil-free culture substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: wheat bran 21%, dried cow dung 11%, grass ash 21%, dry awning 10%, peat soil 28%, sheep manure 9% dry cow manure.
  • the substrate has a pH of 7.5, an electrical conductivity of 660 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 66%, an air porosity of 25%, a total porosity of 57%, and a bulk density of 0.4 g/cm3.
  • the ratio of the matrix is adjusted uniformly, the pile is added with water to ferment, and then lime is added, disinfected and sterilized; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounting for 1% of the whole medium.
  • the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
  • Sowing The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type.
  • the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
  • the trampoline further comprises a substrate comprising grass carbon soil and dry straw, the grass soil and the dry straw are uniformly laid, and a layer of lime is evenly laid on the substrate, and the lime layer is 0.5CM-2CM. .
  • the nutrient solution A comprises 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period
  • the nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
  • Matrix conventional dung grass substrate; built-up and water fermentation, then added lime, disinfected; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounted for 1% of the entire medium.
  • the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
  • Strain shiitake mushroom;
  • Sowing The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type.
  • the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
  • the trampoline further comprises a substrate comprising grass carbon soil and dry straw, the grass soil and the dry straw are uniformly laid, and a layer of lime is evenly laid on the substrate, and the lime layer is 0.5CM-2CM. .
  • the nutrient solution A includes 7 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period
  • the nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
  • Example 1 1.7CM 5.4CM 6.7CM 87 days 26KG / square meter
  • Example 2 1.5CM 4.8CM 5.2CM 91 days 24KG / square meter
  • Example 3 1.5CM 5.1CM 4CM 88 days 23KG / square meter
  • Example 4 1.6CM 4CM 4.7CM 91 days 18.5KG / square meter
  • Example 5 1CM 3.5CM 4.2CM 115 days 15.7KG / square meter
  • the diameter of the stipe of Examples 1-4 The length of the stipe and the diameter of the cap are better than that of the fifth embodiment.
  • the fruiting period of the examples 1-4 is also lower than that of the fifth embodiment.
  • the yield of the same planting area of the examples 1-4 is also higher than that of the embodiment 5, and the above parameters are It can be seen that the strain data cultivated by the matrix formulated by the technical scheme of the present invention is superior to the traditional fecal grass substrate cultivation effect.
  • the matrix material in the technical scheme of the invention is easy for the farmers to obtain, the ratioing method is simple, and the operation is easy.
  • the peat soil is added to the technical scheme of the invention, the composition of the fecal grass is reduced, the production cycle is shortened, and the cultivation quality is superior to the traditional one.
  • the pure fecal substrate improves the yield and quality of the fungus.
  • the present invention discloses a substrate cultivation method, which Simple and easy to promote.

Abstract

一种菌用无土栽培基质及其栽培方法，选用麦麸、干牛粪、草木灰、干芒萁、泥炭土、羊粪作为基质配方原料，泥炭土为有机质含量丰富的基质原料，配合麦麸、干牛粪、草木灰、干芒萁、羊粪，缩短菌种种植生产周期，栽培质量优于传统纯粪草基质，可以非常有效提高菌种植的产量和质量。

Description

菌用无土栽培基质及其栽培方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种植物基质，特别涉及一种菌用无土栽培基质及其栽培方法。
背景技术
无土栽培(soilless culture)不用土壤，用其它东西培养植物的方法，包括水培、雾(气)培、基质栽培。用固体基质(介质)固定植物根系，并通过基质吸收营养液和氧的一种无土栽培方式。基质种类很多，常用的无机基质有蛭石、珍珠岩、岩棉、沙、聚氨酯等；有机基质有泥炭、稻壳炭、树皮等。因此基质栽培又分为岩棉栽培、沙培等，对此我们农业领域也在积极的着手无土基质的研究试验。
在农业菌种种植行业，基质是保证菌种质量的关键，优质的基质能为菌种提供良好的通气环境、合适的持水量，并具有轻质、方便运输、无病虫害、原料经济环保等品质，同时基质的好坏直接影响种植的植物、菌种的生长情况，这成为我们现今农业基质研究领域不断研究试验的重点领域，而农业领域直接面对是的广大农民，因此需要考虑成本问题，如何配比出一种适合菌种种植且价格成本低廉的基质为我们研究的重点。
发明内容
本发明目的是针对以上问题，提供一种菌用无土栽培基质及其栽培方法，通过对基质原料成本的考虑、基质养分及基质对菌类种植的配比试验、研究，进而获得一种适合菌种种植的基质，且提供一种菌用无土栽培基质及其栽培方法。
本发明的技术方案为选用麦麸，干牛粪，草木灰，干芒萁，泥炭土，羊粪作为基质配方原料，泥炭土为有机质含量丰富的基质原料，麦麸，干牛粪，草木灰，干芒萁，羊粪，基质原料对于农民来说易于获得而且环保。
本发明的技术方案是通过以下方式实现的：
本发明技术方案提供一种菌用无土栽培基质，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：麦麸10％-30％，干牛粪10％-20％，草木灰20％-35％，干芒萁10％-15％，泥炭土15％-35％，羊粪5％-15％；所述基质酸碱度为5.8～7.7，电导率为580～730μs/cm，持水量为58％～70％，空气孔隙度为10％～30％，总孔隙度为50％～85％，容重为0.15～0.7g/cm3。
所述菌用无土栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：麦麸16％，干牛粪17％，草木灰27％，干芒萁11％，泥炭土23％，羊粪6％。
干牛粪所述菌用无土栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：麦麸13％，干牛粪 10％，草木灰33％，干芒萁15％，泥炭土21％，羊粪8％。干牛粪所述菌用无土栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：麦麸18％，干牛粪10％，草木灰24％，干芒萁12％，泥炭土23％，羊粪13％干牛粪。
所述菌用无土栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：麦麸21％，干牛粪11％，草木灰21％，干芒萁10％，泥炭土28％，羊粪9％干牛粪。
上述的任意一种菌用无土栽培基质，所述基质酸碱度为6.0～7.5，电导率为650～700μs/cm，持水量为64％～67％，空气孔隙度为21％～28％，总孔隙度为55％～70％，容重为0.25～0.50g/cm3。
上述的任意一种菌用无土栽培基质，麦麸直径为0.1mm-7mm，泥炭土直径为5mm-15mm。
本发明还公开了一种菌用无土栽培基质栽培方法，
配制基质：将以上任意一项所述的基质原料调合均匀，建堆发酵，进行灭菌；
菌种选择和播种：将上述调配发酵、灭菌后的基质进行播种。
生长期管理：在菌丝出土5-13天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7-10份，氨基酸2-3份，葡萄糖3-6份，水11-20份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖3-6份，水11-20份，尿素5-6份，磷酸二氢钾4-5份；
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。
所述用水的酸碱度为6.8-7.4，电导率为100μs/cm-150μs/cm。
所述基质培育方式包含菌棒、畦床种植。
本发明的有益效果为：针对本基质使用领域多为农业领域，基质原料易于获取，如麦麸，干牛粪，草木灰，干芒萁，羊粪等皆为农民易于获得的原料，农民可以利用自有资源进行配制基质，有效的降低基质原料的成本问题；同时本基质原料为农家环保原料，无污染；传统基质用的是纯粪草基质，而本基质中加入了泥炭土，降低了粪草成份，缩短生产周期，栽培质量也优于传统的纯粪草基质，对菌类在产量和质量得到改进。同时本发明公开了一种基质栽培方法，操作简单，便于推广。
具体实施方式
除非另外声明外，本文中所用的所有术语具有以下定义。除非另外声明外，本文中 所用的所有百分数均基于体积。除非另外声明外，术语“包含”、“具有”、“包括”和“含有”具有开放式含义，即，“包含但不限于”。
本发明进一步参考以下实施例描述。以下实施例仅是为了说明本发明，而非意图限制。
本发明实施例提供一种菌用无土栽培基质及其栽培方法，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：麦麸10％-30％，干牛粪10％-20％，草木灰20％-35％，干芒萁10％-15％，泥炭土15％-35％，羊粪5％-15％；所述基质酸碱度为5.8～7.7，电导率为580～730μs/cm，持水量为58％～70％，空气孔隙度为10％～30％，总孔隙度为50％～85％，容重为0.15～0.7g/cm3。
所述麦麸直径为0.1mm-7mm，泥炭土直径为5mm-15mm。
所述用水的酸碱度为6.8-7.4，电导率为100μs/cm-150μs/cm。
配制基质：将以上任意一项所述的基质原料调合均匀，建堆发酵，进行灭菌；
菌种选择和播种：将上述调配发酵、灭菌后的基质进行播种。
生长期管理：在菌丝出土5-15天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7-10份，氨基酸2-3份，葡萄糖3-6份，水11-20份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖3-6份，水11-20份，尿素5-6份，磷酸二氢钾4-5份；
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。
所述基质酸碱度为6.0～7.5，电导率为650～700μs/cm，持水量为64％～67％，空气孔隙度为21％～28％，总孔隙度为55％～70％，容重为0.25～0.50g/cm3。所述基质培育方式包含菌棒、畦床种植。
通过对比各种基质培育的菌种的菌柄直径、菌柄长度、菌盖直径、出菇周期、同等种植面积产量等参数对比，获取一种较佳的基质配比配方。
实施例1
配制基质：菌用无土栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：麦麸16％，干牛粪17％，草木灰27％，干芒萁11％，泥炭土23％，羊粪6％。干牛粪所述基质酸碱度为6.8，电导率为660μs/cm，持水量为64％，空气孔隙度为28％，总孔隙度为56％，容重为0.3g/cm3。将所述比例基质调和均匀，建堆加水发酵，再加入石灰，消毒灭菌；二次发酵，消毒；占整个培养基的1％。发酵的温度均为55℃，发酵的时间均为35天。
菌种：香菇；
播种：将堆制发酵好的基质从料堆上撤出放在撒有鲜石灰的畦面上，让其散热冷却到30℃以下，然后抖散并混匀基质后铺在成龟背型的畦床上，铺料厚度为18-23厘米，料厚薄均匀一致。边铺料边播种，播种前先将菌种瓶在0.2％的高锰酸钾水溶液里浸泡，表面消毒后再用，每平方米用种1.5-2瓶，播种后覆土，覆土前将料床铺平，覆土层厚度为1.5-3cm。
所述的畦床还包含基底，所述基底包含草碳土和干稻草，所示草炭土和干稻草均匀铺底，所述基底上面均匀铺设有一层石灰层，所述石灰层为0.5CM-2CM。
生长期管理：在菌丝出土7天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7份，氨基酸2份，葡萄糖4份，水11份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖2份，水11份，尿素5份，磷酸二氢钾5份。
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。
实施例2
配制基质：菌用无土栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：麦麸13％，干牛粪10％，草木灰33％，干芒萁15％，泥炭土21％，羊粪8％。干牛粪所述基质酸碱度为7.0，电导率为640μs/cm，持水量为66％，空气孔隙度为23％，总孔隙度为60％，容重为0.35g/cm3。将所述比例基质调和均匀，建堆加水发酵，再加入石灰，消毒灭菌；二次发酵，消毒；占整个培养基的1％。发酵的温度均为55℃，发酵的时间均为35天。
菌种：香菇；
播种：将堆制发酵好的基质从料堆上撤出放在撒有鲜石灰的畦面上，让其散热冷却到30℃以下，然后抖散并混匀基质后铺在成龟背型的畦床上，铺料厚度为18-23厘米，料厚薄均匀一致。边铺料边播种，播种前先将菌种瓶在0.2％的高锰酸钾水溶液里浸泡，表面消毒后再用，每平方米用种1.5-2瓶，播种后覆土，覆土前将料床铺平，覆土层厚度为1.5-3cm。
所述的畦床还包含基底，所述基底包含草碳土和干稻草，所示草炭土和干稻草均匀铺底，所述基底上面均匀铺设有一层石灰层，所述石灰层为0.5CM-2CM。
生长期管理：在菌丝出土7天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7份，氨基酸2份，葡萄糖4份，水11份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖2份，水11份，尿素5份，磷酸二氢钾5份。
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。
实施例3
配制基质：菌用无土栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：麦麸18％，干牛粪10％，草木灰24％，干芒萁12％，泥炭土23％，羊粪13％干牛粪。所述基质酸碱度为7.4，电导率为670μs/cm，持水量为65％，空气孔隙度为26％，总孔隙度为57％，容重为0.4g/cm3。将所述比例基质调和均匀，建堆加水发酵，再加入石灰，消毒灭菌；二次发酵，消毒；占整个培养基的1％。发酵的温度均为55℃，发酵的时间均为35天。
菌种：香菇；
播种：将堆制发酵好的基质从料堆上撤出放在撒有鲜石灰的畦面上，让其散热冷却到30℃以下，然后抖散并混匀基质后铺在成龟背型的畦床上，铺料厚度为18-23厘米，料厚薄均匀一致。边铺料边播种，播种前先将菌种瓶在0.2％的高锰酸钾水溶液里浸泡，表面消毒后再用，每平方米用种1.5-2瓶，播种后覆土，覆土前将料床铺平，覆土层厚度为1.5-3cm。
所述的畦床还包含基底，所述基底包含草碳土和干稻草，所示草炭土和干稻草均匀铺底，所述基底上面均匀铺设有一层石灰层，所述石灰层为0.5CM-2CM。
生长期管理：在菌丝出土7天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7份，氨基酸2份，葡萄糖4份，水11份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖2份，水11份，尿素5份，磷酸二氢钾5份。
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。
实施例4
配制基质：菌用无土栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：麦麸21％，干牛粪11％，草木灰21％，干芒萁10％，泥炭土28％，羊粪9％干牛粪。所述基质酸碱度为7.5，电导率为660μs/cm，持水量为66％，空气孔隙度为25％，总孔隙度为57％，容重为0.4g/cm3。将所述比例基质调和均匀，建堆加水发酵，再加入石灰，消毒灭菌；二次发酵，消毒；占整个培养基的1％。发酵的温度均为55℃，发酵的时间均为35天。
菌种：香菇；
播种：将堆制发酵好的基质从料堆上撤出放在撒有鲜石灰的畦面上，让其散热冷却到30℃以下，然后抖散并混匀基质后铺在成龟背型的畦床上，铺料厚度为18-23厘米，料厚薄均匀一致。边铺料边播种，播种前先将菌种瓶在0.2％的高锰酸钾水溶液里浸泡，表面消毒后再用，每平方米用种1.5-2瓶，播种后覆土，覆土前将料床铺平，覆土层厚度为1.5-3cm。
所述的畦床还包含基底，所述基底包含草碳土和干稻草，所示草炭土和干稻草均匀铺底，所述基底上面均匀铺设有一层石灰层，所述石灰层为0.5CM-2CM。
生长期管理：在菌丝出土7天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7份，氨基酸2份，葡萄糖4份，水11份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖2份，水11份，尿素5份，磷酸二氢钾5份。
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。
实施例5
基质：常规粪草基质；建堆加水发酵，再加入石灰，消毒灭菌；二次发酵，消毒；占整个培养基的1％。发酵的温度均为55℃，发酵的时间均为35天。菌种：香菇；
播种：将堆制发酵好的基质从料堆上撤出放在撒有鲜石灰的畦面上，让其散热冷却到30℃以下，然后抖散并混匀基质后铺在成龟背型的畦床上，铺料厚度为18-23厘米，料厚薄均匀一致。边铺料边播种，播种前先将菌种瓶在0.2％的高锰酸钾水溶液里浸泡，表面消毒后再用，每平方米用种1.5-2瓶，播种后覆土，覆土前将料床铺平，覆土层厚度为1.5-3cm。
所述的畦床还包含基底，所述基底包含草碳土和干稻草，所示草炭土和干稻草均匀铺底，所述基底上面均匀铺设有一层石灰层，所述石灰层为0.5CM-2CM。
生长期管理：在菌丝出土7天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7份，氨基酸3份，葡萄糖4份，水11份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖2份，水11份，尿素5份，磷酸二氢钾5份。
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。
根据上述具体实施例采集一下试验数据：
产品 菌柄直径 菌柄长度 菌盖直径 出菇周期 同等种植面积产量
实施例1 1.7CM 5.4CM 6.7CM 87天 26KG/平方米
实施例2 1.5CM 4.8CM 5.2CM 91天 24KG/平方米
实施例3 1.5CM 5.1CM 4CM 88天 23KG/平方米
实施例4 1.6CM 4CM 4.7CM 91天 18.5KG/平方米
实施例5 1CM 3.5CM 4.2CM 115天 15.7KG/平方米
根据上述试验数据中不同基质培育的菌种的菌柄直径、菌柄长度、菌盖直径、出菇周期、同等种植面积产量对比，从表中可以看出，实施例1-4的菌柄直径、菌柄长度、菌盖直径都优于实施例5，实施例1-4的出菇期也低于实施例5，实施例1-4同等种植面积产量也高于实施例5，由以上参数可以看出本发明技术方案调配的基质所培育的菌种数据优于传统粪草基质培育效果。本发明技术方案中的基质原料对于农民来说获取容易，配比方法简单，易于操作，本发明技术方案中加入了泥炭土，降低了粪草成份，缩短生产周期，栽培质量也优于传统的纯粪草基质，对菌类在产量和质量得到改进。同时本发明公开了一种基质栽培方法，操 作简单，便于推广。
最后应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明而非限制本发明的技术方案，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域技术人员应当理解，依然可以对本发明进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围的任何修改或局部替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。

Claims (10)

  1. 菌用无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：，麦麸10％-30％，干牛粪10％-20％，草木灰20％-35％，干芒萁10％-15％，泥炭土15％-35％，羊粪5％-15％；所述基质酸碱度为5.8～7.7，电导率为580～730μs/cm，持水量为58％～70％，空气孔隙度为10％～30％，总孔隙度为50％～85％，容重为0.15～0.7g/cm3。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的菌用无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：麦麸16％，干牛粪17％，草木灰27％，干芒萁11％，泥炭土23％，羊粪6％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的菌用无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：麦麸13％，干牛粪10％，草木灰33％，干芒萁15％，泥炭土21％，羊粪8％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的菌用无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：麦麸18％，干牛粪10％，草木灰24％，干芒萁12％，泥炭土23％，羊粪13％。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的菌用无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：麦麸21％，干牛粪11％，草木灰21％，干芒萁10％，泥炭土28％，羊粪9％。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的菌用无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质酸碱度为6.0～7.5，电导率为650～700μs/cm，持水量为64％～67％，空气孔隙度为21％～28％，总孔隙度为55％～70％，容重为0.25～0.50g/cm3。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的菌用无土栽培基质，其特征在于，所述麦麸直径为0.1mm-7mm，泥炭土直径为5mm-15mm。
  8. 菌用无土栽培基质栽培方法，其特征在于，
    配制基质：将以上任意一项所述的基质原料调合均匀，建堆发酵，进行灭菌；
    菌种选择和播种：将上述调配发酵、灭菌后的基质进行播种；
    生长期管理：在菌丝出土5-15天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7-10份，氨基酸2-3份，葡萄糖3-6份，水11-20份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖3-6份，水11-20份，尿素5-6份，磷酸二氢钾4-5份；
    采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的菌用无土栽培基质栽培方法，其特征在于，所述用水的酸碱度为6.8-7.4，电导率为100μs/cm-150μs/cm。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的菌用无土栽培基质栽培方法，其特征在于，所述基质培育方式包 含菌棒、畦床种植。
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