WO2018049663A1 - 菌用栽培基质及其栽培方法 - Google Patents

菌用栽培基质及其栽培方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018049663A1
WO2018049663A1 PCT/CN2016/099275 CN2016099275W WO2018049663A1 WO 2018049663 A1 WO2018049663 A1 WO 2018049663A1 CN 2016099275 W CN2016099275 W CN 2016099275W WO 2018049663 A1 WO2018049663 A1 WO 2018049663A1
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substrate
parts
cultivation
wheat bran
wood chips
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PCT/CN2016/099275
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王亮
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王亮
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/099275 priority Critical patent/WO2018049663A1/zh
Publication of WO2018049663A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018049663A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plant substrate, in particular to a cultivation substrate for bacteria and a cultivation method thereof.
  • Soilless culture A method of cultivating plants with other things, including hydroponics, fog (gas) culture, and substrate cultivation.
  • substrates There are many kinds of substrates.
  • the commonly used inorganic substrates are vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, sand, polyurethane, etc.; organic substrates include peat, rice husk charcoal and bark. Therefore, substrate cultivation is divided into rock wool cultivation, sand culture, etc., and our agricultural field is also actively conducting research experiments on substrates.
  • the matrix is the key to ensure the quality of the strain.
  • the high-quality matrix can provide a good ventilation environment and suitable water holding capacity for the strain, and has the characteristics of light weight, convenient transportation, no pests and diseases, and economic and environmental protection of raw materials.
  • the quality of the substrate directly affects the growth of planting plants and strains. This has become the focus of continuous research and testing in the field of agricultural matrix research, and the agricultural sector is directly facing the majority of farmers, so it is necessary to consider the cost. How to match a matrix suitable for bacterial cultivation and low cost is the focus of our research.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation substrate for bacteria and a cultivation method thereof, and to obtain a suitable strain by considering the cost of the substrate raw material, the matrix nutrient and the ratio of the substrate to the fungus planting.
  • the substrate is planted, and a culture substrate for cultivation and a cultivation method thereof are provided.
  • the technical scheme of the invention adopts the use of wood chips, wheat bran, dried cow dung, grass ash, dry mang, sand loam, calcium carbonate as matrix material, sandy loam soil is organic material rich matrix material, wood chips, wheat bran, dried cow dung , plant ash, dry mang, calcium carbonate, matrix materials are easy to obtain and environmentally friendly for farmers.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention provides a cultivation substrate for bacteria, wherein the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 4%-9% of wood chips, 10%-30% of wheat bran, 10%-21% of dried cow dung, and 20%-21% of grass ash. %-33%, dry awning 10%-17%, sandy loam 15%-35%, calcium carbonate 5%-10%; the matrix acidity and alkalinity is 5.8-7.6, the conductivity is 600-710 ⁇ s/cm, the water holding capacity is 60% to 80%, air porosity is 10% to 40%, total porosity is 40% to 85%, and bulk density is 0.19 to 0.7 g/cm 3 dry cow dung.
  • the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 4%-9% of wood chips, 10%-30% of wheat bran, 10%-21% of dried cow dung, and 20%-21% of grass ash. %-33%, dry awning 10%-17%, sandy loam 15%-35%, calcium carbonate 5%-10%; the matrix acidity and alkalinity is
  • the bacterial substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: 4% of wood chips, 18% of wheat bran, 15% of dried cow dung, 22% of grass ash, 12% of dried mango, 23% of sandy loam, and 6% of calcium carbonate. Cow dung.
  • the bacteria used for the cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratio by volume: 6% wood chips, 11% wheat bran, dried cow dung 21%, 20% for plant ash, 15% for dry mang, 19% for sandy loam, and 8% dry cow dung for calcium carbonate.
  • the bacterial substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: 9% of wood chips, 10% of wheat bran, 10% of dried cow dung, 34% of grass ash, 11% of dried mango, 21% of sandy loam, and 5% of calcium carbonate. Cow dung.
  • the bacterial substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: 4% of wood chips, 21% of wheat bran, 10% of dried cow dung, 20% of plant ash, 10% of dried mango, 28% of sandy loam, and 9% of calcium carbonate. Cow dung.
  • any one of the above-mentioned culture substrates for use wherein the substrate has a pH of 6.0 to 7.4, an electric conductivity of 650 to 700 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 64% to 67%, an air porosity of 20% to 28%, and a total porosity. It is 55% to 70%, and the bulk density is 0.25 to 0.50 g/cm 3 .
  • the wood chips have a diameter of 0.1 mm to 2.6 mm
  • the wheat bran has a diameter of 0.1 mm to 7 mm
  • the sandy loam has a diameter of 1 mm to 2 mm.
  • the invention also discloses a cultivation substrate cultivation method for bacteria
  • Formulating the substrate mixing the matrix materials described in any one of the above items uniformly, building and fermenting, and sterilizing;
  • the water has a pH of 6.8 to 7.4 and an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ s/cm to 150 ⁇ s/cm.
  • the substrate cultivation method comprises a mushroom rod and a trampoline planting.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the field of use of the substrate is mostly in the agricultural field, and the raw materials of the matrix are easily obtained, such as wood chips, wheat bran, dried cow dung, grass ash, dried mangium, calcium carbonate, etc., which are readily available to farmers. farmers can use their own resources to prepare the substrate, which can effectively reduce the cost of the matrix raw materials.
  • the raw materials of the substrate are farmland environmentally friendly raw materials, which are non-polluting; the traditional substrate uses pure fecal grass matrix, and the sandy loam is added to the matrix to reduce
  • the composition of the dung grass shortens the production cycle, and the cultivation quality is also superior to the traditional pure fecal substrate, and the yield and quality of the fungus are improved.
  • the invention discloses a substrate cultivation method, which is simple in operation and convenient for popularization.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a cultivation substrate for bacteria and a cultivation method thereof, and the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 4%-9% of wood chips, 10%-30% of wheat bran, 10%-21% of dried cow dung %, 20%-33% of grass ash, 10%-17% of dry awning, 15%-35% of sandy loam, 5%-10% of calcium carbonate; the pH of the matrix is 5.8-7.6, and the conductivity is 600-710 ⁇ s/cm , water holding capacity of 60% to 80%, air porosity of 10% to 40%, a total porosity of 40% to 85%, bulk density of 0.19 ⁇ 0.7g / cm 3 dry cow dung.
  • the wood chips have a diameter of 0.1 mm to 2.6 mm
  • the wheat bran has a diameter of 0.1 mm to 7 mm
  • the sandy loam has a diameter of 1 mm to 2 mm.
  • the water has a pH of 6.8 to 7.4 and an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ s/cm to 150 ⁇ s/cm.
  • Formulating the substrate mixing the matrix materials described in any one of the above items uniformly, building and fermenting, and sterilizing;
  • the water has a pH of 6.8 to 7.4 and an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ s/cm to 150 ⁇ s/cm.
  • the substrate cultivation method comprises a mushroom rod and a trampoline planting.
  • a better matrix formulation was obtained by comparing the diameters of the stalk diameter, the length of the stalk, the diameter of the stalk, the period of the mushroom, and the yield of the same planting area.
  • the cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: 4% of wood chips, 18% of wheat bran, 15% of dried cow dung, 22% of plant ash, 12% of dried mango, 23% of sandy loam, and 6% of calcium carbonate. Dry cow dung.
  • the substrate had a pH of 6.8, an electrical conductivity of 660 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 64%, an air porosity of 28%, a total porosity of 56%, and a bulk density of 0.3 g/cm3.
  • the ratio of the matrix is adjusted uniformly, the pile is added with water to ferment, and then lime is added, disinfected and sterilized; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounting for 1% of the whole medium.
  • the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
  • Sowing The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type.
  • the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
  • the nutrient solution A comprises 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period
  • the nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
  • the cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: 6% wood chips, 11% wheat bran, 21% dry cow dung, 20% grass ash, 15% dry mulberry, 19% sandy loam, 8% calcium carbonate. Dry cow dung.
  • the substrate had a pH of 7.0, an electrical conductivity of 640 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 66%, an air porosity of 23%, a total porosity of 60%, and a bulk density of 0.35 g/cm3.
  • the ratio of the matrix is adjusted uniformly, the pile is added with water to ferment, and then lime is added, disinfected and sterilized; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounting for 1% of the whole medium.
  • the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
  • Sowing The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type.
  • the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
  • the nutrient solution A comprises 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period
  • the nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
  • the cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: 9% of wood chips, 10% of wheat bran, 10% of dried cow dung, 34% of grass ash, 11% of dried mango, 21% of sandy loam, and 5% of calcium carbonate. Dry cow dung.
  • the substrate has a pH of 7.4, a conductivity of 670 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 65%, an air porosity of 26%, a total porosity of 57%, and a bulk density of 0.4 g/ Cm3.
  • the ratio of the matrix is adjusted uniformly, the pile is added with water to ferment, and then lime is added, disinfected and sterilized; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounting for 1% of the whole medium.
  • the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
  • Sowing The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type.
  • the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
  • the nutrient solution A comprises 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period
  • the nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
  • the cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume: 4% broken wood chips, 21% wheat bran, 10% dried cow dung, 20% grass ash, 10% dry mulberry, 28% sandy loam, 9% calcium carbonate Dry cow dung.
  • the substrate has a pH of 7.5, an electrical conductivity of 660 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 66%, an air porosity of 25%, a total porosity of 57%, and a bulk density of 0.4 g/cm3.
  • the ratio of the matrix is adjusted uniformly, the pile is added with water to ferment, and then lime is added, disinfected and sterilized; secondary fermentation, disinfection; accounting for 1% of the whole medium.
  • the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
  • Sowing The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type.
  • the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
  • the nutrient solution A comprises 7 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period
  • the nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
  • Matrix conventional dung grass substrate; build heap and water fermentation, add lime, disinfection and sterilization; secondary fermentation, disinfection; 1% of the nutrient.
  • the fermentation temperature was 55 ° C and the fermentation time was 35 days.
  • Strain shiitake mushroom;
  • Sowing The piled fermented substrate is removed from the pile and placed on the surface of the lime-sanded surface, allowing it to cool down to below 30 °C, then diverging and mixing the substrate and then laying it into a turtle-shaped type.
  • the thickness of the paving is 18-23 cm, and the thickness of the material is uniform. Sowing at the side of the paving, soak the strain bottle in 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution before sowing, use the surface after disinfection, use 1.5-2 bottles per square meter, cover the soil after sowing, and cover the bed before covering the soil. Flat, the thickness of the covering layer is 1.5-3 cm.
  • the nutrient solution A includes 7 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of amino acid, 4 parts of glucose and 11 parts of water in parts by weight; after harvesting until harvesting period
  • the nutrient solution B was sprayed once a week, and the nutrient solution B was divided into parts by weight, including 2 parts of glucose, 11 parts of water, 5 parts of urea, and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
  • test data collected according to the above specific examples are as follows:
  • Example 1 1.65CM 5.3CM 6CM 87 days 26KG / square meter
  • Example 2 1.5CM 4.6CM 5.5CM 91 days 24.3KG / square meter
  • Example 3 1.5CM 5.4CM 4.7CM 90 days 22.5KG / square meter
  • Example 4 1.55CM 4CM 4.6CM 91 days 19.7KG / square meter
  • Example 5 1CM 3.5CM 4.2CM 115 days 15.7KG / square meter
  • the diameter of the stipe of Examples 1-4 The length of the stipe and the diameter of the cap are better than that of the fifth embodiment.
  • the fruiting period of the examples 1-4 is also lower than that of the fifth embodiment.
  • the yield of the same planting area of the examples 1-4 is also higher than that of the embodiment 5, and the above parameters are It can be seen that the strain data cultivated by the matrix formulated by the technical scheme of the present invention is superior to the traditional fecal grass substrate cultivation effect.
  • the matrix material in the technical scheme of the invention is easy for the farmers to obtain, the ratioing method is simple, and the operation is easy.
  • the technical solution of the invention adds the sandy loam soil, reduces the composition of the fecal grass, shortens the production cycle, and the cultivation quality is superior to the traditional pure quality.
  • the faecal substrate improves the yield and quality of the fungus.
  • the invention discloses a substrate cultivation method, which is simple in operation and convenient for popularization.

Abstract

一种菌用栽培基质及其栽培方法，选用碎木屑、麦麸、干牛粪、草木灰、干芒萁、沙壤土、碳酸钙作为基质配方原料，沙壤土为有机质含量丰富的基质原料，配合碎木屑、麦麸、干牛粪、草木灰、干芒萁、碳酸钙，缩短菌种种植生产周期，栽培质量优于传统纯粪草基质，可以非常有效提高菌种植的产量和质量。

Description

菌用栽培基质及其栽培方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种植物基质，特别涉及一种菌用栽培基质及其栽培方法。
背景技术
栽培(soilless culture)不用土壤，用其它东西培养植物的方法，包括水培、雾(气)培、基质栽培。用固体基质(介质)固定植物根系，并通过基质吸收营养液和氧的一种栽培方式。基质种类很多，常用的无机基质有蛭石、珍珠岩、岩棉、沙、聚氨酯等；有机基质有泥炭、稻壳炭、树皮等。因此基质栽培又分为岩棉栽培、沙培等，对此我们农业领域也在积极的着手基质的研究试验。
在农业菌种种植行业，基质是保证菌种质量的关键，优质的基质能为菌种提供良好的通气环境、合适的持水量，并具有轻质、方便运输、无病虫害、原料经济环保等品质，同时基质的好坏直接影响种植的植物、菌种的生长情况，这成为我们现今农业基质研究领域不断研究试验的重点领域，而农业领域直接面对是的广大农民，因此需要考虑成本问题，如何配比出一种适合菌种种植且价格成本低廉的基质为我们研究的重点。
发明内容
本发明目的是针对以上问题，提供一种菌用栽培基质及其栽培方法，通过对基质原料成本的考虑、基质养分及基质对菌类种植的配比试验、研究，进而获得一种适合菌种种植的基质，且提供一种菌用栽培基质及其栽培方法。
本发明的技术方案为选用碎木屑，麦麸，干牛粪，草木灰，干芒萁，沙壤土，碳酸钙作为基质配方原料，沙壤土为有机质含量丰富的基质原料，碎木屑，麦麸，干牛粪，草木灰，干芒萁，碳酸钙，基质原料对于农民来说易于获得而且环保。
本发明的技术方案是通过以下方式实现的：
本发明技术方案提供一种菌用栽培基质，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑4％-9％，麦麸10％-30％，干牛粪10％-21％，草木灰20％-33％，干芒萁10％-17％，沙壤土15％-35％，碳酸钙5％-10％；所述基质酸碱度为5.8～7.6，电导率为600～710μs/cm，持水量为60％～80％，空气孔隙度为10％～40％，总孔隙度为40％～85％，容重为0.19～0.7g/cm3干牛粪。
所述菌用栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑4％，麦麸18％，干牛粪15％，草木灰22％，干芒萁12％，沙壤土23％，碳酸钙6％干牛粪。
所述菌用栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑6％，麦麸11％，干牛粪 21％，草木灰20％，干芒萁15％，沙壤土19％，碳酸钙8％干牛粪。
所述菌用栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑9％，麦麸10％，干牛粪10％，草木灰34％，干芒萁11％，沙壤土21％，碳酸钙5％干牛粪。
所述菌用栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑4％，麦麸21％，干牛粪10％，草木灰20％，干芒萁10％，沙壤土28％，碳酸钙9％干牛粪。
上述的任意一种菌用栽培基质，所述基质酸碱度为6.0～7.4，电导率为650～700μs/cm，持水量为64％～67％，空气孔隙度为20％～28％，总孔隙度为55％～70％，容重为0.25～0.50g/cm3。
上述的任意一种菌用栽培基质，碎木屑直径为0.1mm-2.6mm，麦麸直径为0.1mm-7mm，沙壤土直径为1mm-2mm。
本发明还公开了一种菌用栽培基质栽培方法，
配制基质：将以上任意一项所述的基质原料调合均匀，建堆发酵，进行灭菌；
菌种选择和播种：将上述调配发酵、灭菌后的基质进行播种。
生长期管理：在菌丝出土5-13天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7-10份，氨基酸2-3份，葡萄糖3-6份，水11-20份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖3-6份，水11-20份，尿素5-6份，磷酸二氢钾4-5份；
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。
所述用水的酸碱度为6.8-7.4，电导率为100μs/cm-150μs/cm。
所述基质培育方式包含菌棒、畦床种植。
本发明的有益效果为：针对本基质使用领域多为农业领域，基质原料易于获取，如碎木屑，麦麸，干牛粪，草木灰，干芒萁，碳酸钙等皆为农民易于获得的原料，农民可以利用自有资源进行配制基质，有效的降低基质原料的成本问题；同时本基质原料为农家环保原料，无污染；传统基质用的是纯粪草基质，而本基质中加入了沙壤土，降低了粪草成份，缩短生产周期，栽培质量也优于传统的纯粪草基质，对菌类在产量和质量得到改进。同时本发明公开了一种基质栽培方法，操作简单，便于推广。
具体实施方式
除非另外声明外，本文中所用的所有术语具有以下定义。除非另外声明外，本文中 所用的所有百分数均基于体积。除非另外声明外，术语“包含”、“具有”、“包括”和“含有”具有开放式含义，即，“包含但不限于”。
本发明进一步参考以下实施例描述。以下实施例仅是为了说明本发明，而非意图限制。
本发明实施例提供一种菌用栽培基质及其栽培方法，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑4％-9％，麦麸10％-30％，干牛粪10％-21％，草木灰20％-33％，干芒萁10％-17％，沙壤土15％-35％，碳酸钙5％-10％；所述基质酸碱度为5.8～7.6，电导率为600～710μs/cm，持水量为60％～80％，空气孔隙度为10％～40％，总孔隙度为40％～85％，容重为0.19～0.7g/cm3干牛粪。
所述碎木屑直径为0.1mm-2.6mm，麦麸直径为0.1mm-7mm，沙壤土直径为1mm-2mm。
所述用水的酸碱度为6.8-7.4，电导率为100μs/cm-150μs/cm。
配制基质：将以上任意一项所述的基质原料调合均匀，建堆发酵，进行灭菌；
菌种选择和播种：将上述调配发酵、灭菌后的基质进行播种。
生长期管理：在菌丝出土5-13天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7-10份，氨基酸2-3份，葡萄糖3-6份，水11-20份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖3-6份，水11-20份，尿素5-6份，磷酸二氢钾4-5份；
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。
所述用水的酸碱度为6.8-7.4，电导率为100μs/cm-150μs/cm。所述基质培育方式包含菌棒、畦床种植。
通过对比各种基质培育的菌种的菌柄直径、菌柄长度、菌盖直径、出菇周期、同等种植面积产量等参数对比，获取一种较佳的基质配比配方。
实施例1
配制基质：菌用栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑4％，麦麸18％，干牛粪15％，草木灰22％，干芒萁12％，沙壤土23％，碳酸钙6％干牛粪。所述基质酸碱度为6.8，电导率为660μs/cm，持水量为64％，空气孔隙度为28％，总孔隙度为56％，容重为0.3g/cm3。将所述比例基质调和均匀，建堆加水发酵，再加入石灰，消毒灭菌；二次发酵，消毒；占整个培养基的1％。发酵的温度均为55℃，发酵的时间均为35天。
菌种：香菇；
播种：将堆制发酵好的基质从料堆上撤出放在撒有鲜石灰的畦面上，让其散热冷却到30℃以下，然后抖散并混匀基质后铺在成龟背型的畦床上，铺料厚度为18-23厘米，料厚薄均匀一致。边铺料边播种，播种前先将菌种瓶在0.2％的高锰酸钾水溶液里浸泡，表面消毒后再用，每平方米用种1.5-2瓶，播种后覆土，覆土前将料床铺平，覆土层厚度为1.5-3cm。
生长期管理：在菌丝出土7天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7份，氨基酸2份，葡萄糖4份，水11份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖2份，水11份，尿素5份，磷酸二氢钾5份。
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。
实施例2
配制基质：菌用栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑6％，麦麸11％，干牛粪21％，草木灰20％，干芒萁15％，沙壤土19％，碳酸钙8％干牛粪。所述基质酸碱度为7.0，电导率为640μs/cm，持水量为66％，空气孔隙度为23％，总孔隙度为60％，容重为0.35g/cm3。将所述比例基质调和均匀，建堆加水发酵，再加入石灰，消毒灭菌；二次发酵，消毒；占整个培养基的1％。发酵的温度均为55℃，发酵的时间均为35天。
菌种：香菇；
播种：将堆制发酵好的基质从料堆上撤出放在撒有鲜石灰的畦面上，让其散热冷却到30℃以下，然后抖散并混匀基质后铺在成龟背型的畦床上，铺料厚度为18-23厘米，料厚薄均匀一致。边铺料边播种，播种前先将菌种瓶在0.2％的高锰酸钾水溶液里浸泡，表面消毒后再用，每平方米用种1.5-2瓶，播种后覆土，覆土前将料床铺平，覆土层厚度为1.5-3cm。
生长期管理：在菌丝出土7天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7份，氨基酸2份，葡萄糖4份，水11份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖2份，水11份，尿素5份，磷酸二氢钾5份。
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。
实施例3
配制基质：菌用栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑9％，麦麸10％，干牛粪10％，草木灰34％，干芒萁11％，沙壤土21％，碳酸钙5％干牛粪。所述基质酸碱度为7.4，电导率为670μs/cm，持水量为65％，空气孔隙度为26％，总孔隙度为57％，容重为0.4g/ cm3。将所述比例基质调和均匀，建堆加水发酵，再加入石灰，消毒灭菌；二次发酵，消毒；占整个培养基的1％。发酵的温度均为55℃，发酵的时间均为35天。
菌种：香菇；
播种：将堆制发酵好的基质从料堆上撤出放在撒有鲜石灰的畦面上，让其散热冷却到30℃以下，然后抖散并混匀基质后铺在成龟背型的畦床上，铺料厚度为18-23厘米，料厚薄均匀一致。边铺料边播种，播种前先将菌种瓶在0.2％的高锰酸钾水溶液里浸泡，表面消毒后再用，每平方米用种1.5-2瓶，播种后覆土，覆土前将料床铺平，覆土层厚度为1.5-3cm。
生长期管理：在菌丝出土7天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7份，氨基酸2份，葡萄糖4份，水11份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖2份，水11份，尿素5份，磷酸二氢钾5份。
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。
实施例4
配制基质：菌用栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑4％，麦麸21％，干牛粪10％，草木灰20％，干芒萁10％，沙壤土28％，碳酸钙9％干牛粪。所述基质酸碱度为7.5，电导率为660μs/cm，持水量为66％，空气孔隙度为25％，总孔隙度为57％，容重为0.4g/cm3。将所述比例基质调和均匀，建堆加水发酵，再加入石灰，消毒灭菌；二次发酵，消毒；占整个培养基的1％。发酵的温度均为55℃，发酵的时间均为35天。
菌种：香菇；
播种：将堆制发酵好的基质从料堆上撤出放在撒有鲜石灰的畦面上，让其散热冷却到30℃以下，然后抖散并混匀基质后铺在成龟背型的畦床上，铺料厚度为18-23厘米，料厚薄均匀一致。边铺料边播种，播种前先将菌种瓶在0.2％的高锰酸钾水溶液里浸泡，表面消毒后再用，每平方米用种1.5-2瓶，播种后覆土，覆土前将料床铺平，覆土层厚度为1.5-3cm。
生长期管理：在菌丝出土7天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7份，氨基酸2份，葡萄糖4份，水11份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖2份，水11份，尿素5份，磷酸二氢钾5份。
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。
实施例5
基质：常规粪草基质；建堆加水发酵，再加入石灰，消毒灭菌；二次发酵，消毒；占整个培 养基的1％。发酵的温度均为55℃，发酵的时间均为35天。菌种：香菇；
播种：将堆制发酵好的基质从料堆上撤出放在撒有鲜石灰的畦面上，让其散热冷却到30℃以下，然后抖散并混匀基质后铺在成龟背型的畦床上，铺料厚度为18-23厘米，料厚薄均匀一致。边铺料边播种，播种前先将菌种瓶在0.2％的高锰酸钾水溶液里浸泡，表面消毒后再用，每平方米用种1.5-2瓶，播种后覆土，覆土前将料床铺平，覆土层厚度为1.5-3cm。
生长期管理：在菌丝出土7天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7份，氨基酸3份，葡萄糖4份，水11份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖2份，水11份，尿素5份，磷酸二氢钾5份。
采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。
根据上述具体实施例采集的试验数据如下表：
产品 菌柄直径 菌柄长度 菌盖直径 出菇周期 同等种植面积产量
实施例1 1.65CM 5.3CM 6CM 87天 26KG/平方米
实施例2 1.5CM 4.6CM 5.5CM 91天 24.3KG/平方米
实施例3 1.5CM 5.4CM 4.7CM 90天 22.5KG/平方米
实施例4 1.55CM 4CM 4.6CM 91天 19.7KG/平方米
实施例5 1CM 3.5CM 4.2CM 115天 15.7KG/平方米
根据上述试验数据中不同基质培育的菌种的菌柄直径、菌柄长度、菌盖直径、出菇周期、同等种植面积产量对比，从表中可以看出，实施例1-4的菌柄直径、菌柄长度、菌盖直径都优于实施例5，实施例1-4的出菇期也低于实施例5，实施例1-4同等种植面积产量也高于实施例5，由以上参数可以看出本发明技术方案调配的基质所培育的菌种数据优于传统粪草基质培育效果。本发明技术方案中的基质原料对于农民来说获取容易，配比方法简单，易于操作，本发明技术方案中加入了沙壤土，降低了粪草成份，缩短生产周期，栽培质量也优于传统的纯粪草基质，对菌类在产量和质量得到改进。同时本发明公开了一种基质栽培方法，操作简单，便于推广。
最后应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明而非限制本发明的技术方案，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域技术人员应当理解，依然可以对本发明进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围的任何修改或局部替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。

Claims (10)

  1. 菌用栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑4％-9％，麦麸10％-30％，干牛粪10％-21％，草木灰20％-33％，干芒萁10％-17％，沙壤土15％-35％，碳酸钙5％-10％；所述基质酸碱度为5.8～7.6，电导率为600～710μs/cm，持水量为60％～80％，空气孔隙度为10％～40％，总孔隙度为40％～85％，容重为0.19～0.7g/cm3。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的菌用栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑4％，麦麸18％，干牛粪15％，草木灰22％，干芒萁12％，沙壤土23％，碳酸钙6％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的菌用栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑6％，麦麸11％，干牛粪21％，草木灰20％，干芒萁15％，沙壤土19％，碳酸钙8％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的菌用栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑9％，麦麸10％，干牛粪10％，草木灰34％，干芒萁11％，沙壤土21％，碳酸钙5％。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的菌用栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑4％，麦麸21％，干牛粪10％，草木灰20％，干芒萁10％，沙壤土28％，碳酸钙9％。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的菌用栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质酸碱度为6.0～7.6，电导率为650～710μs/cm，持水量为64％～80％，空气孔隙度为20％～35％，总孔隙度为55％～70％，容重为0.25～0.50g/cm3。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的菌用栽培基质，其特征在于，所述碎木屑直径为0.1mm-2.6mm，麦麸直径为0.1mm-7mm，沙壤土直径为1mm-2mm。
  8. 菌用栽培基质栽培方法，其特征在于，
    配制基质：将以上任意一项所述的基质原料调合均匀，建堆发酵，进行灭菌；
    菌种选择和播种：将上述调配发酵、灭菌后的基质进行播种；
    生长期管理：在菌丝出土5-13天后，施用营养液A，营养液A以重量份计，包括腐植酸7-10份，氨基酸2-3份，葡萄糖3-6份，水11-20份；待出菇后至采收期间，每周喷洒营养液B 1次，营养液B以重量份计，包括葡萄糖3-6份，水11-20份，尿素5-6份，磷酸二氢钾4-5份；
    采收期：当菇蕾长到菌盖直径达到3cm以上，菌膜未破裂，菌褶没有裸露出来时，即可进行采收。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的菌用栽培基质栽培方法，其特征在于，所述用水的酸碱度为6.8-7.4，电导率为100μs/cm-150μs/cm。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的菌用栽培基质栽培方法，其特征在于，所述基质培育方式包含菌棒、畦床种植。
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