WO2018042566A1 - 睡眠段階判定装置及び睡眠段階判定方法 - Google Patents
睡眠段階判定装置及び睡眠段階判定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
- A61B5/0245—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate by using sensing means generating electric signals, i.e. ECG signals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sleep stage determination device and a sleep stage determination method for determining a sleep stage from a heartbeat signal detected by a heartbeat signal detection means.
- Sleep is said to be a barometer of health, and if you can wake up comfortably with a good night's sleep, you will feel refreshed when you wake up.
- insomnia or insomnia or when forced to sleep with a reversed day / night life due to late-night work or the like, the mood after waking is often poor. That is, regardless of whether it is conscious or unconscious, the sleep state affects the mood and behavior at the time of subsequent awakening, which in turn determines the quality of the activity after the awakening.
- sleep is a factor that has an important influence on human physical activity and mental activity. If a good sleep can be obtained, healthy physical and mental activities are guaranteed. It's okay. It is known that if a comfortable sleep can be obtained, a mentally stable state can be obtained, and if it is mentally stable, a comfortable sleep can be obtained. Therefore, when investigating an individual's health condition, sleep is often used as a determination index, and it is well known that sleep and health are closely related. If the depth and quality of health and sleep are closely related to the mood and spirit of the next day, and mental stress and physical condition are poor, changes in sleep depth and transition patterns of sleep stages occur. Can't get a comfortable sleep.
- the REM sleep stage and the non-REM sleep stage appear repeatedly at predetermined intervals after falling asleep, but it is known that the rhythm is disturbed when the patient feels sick or is stressed. ing. Therefore, it becomes possible to know the subject's mental stress and poor physical condition by monitoring the sleep stage and its occurrence pattern during nighttime sleep.
- a method for knowing the sleep stage a method using a sleep polysomnograph (PSG) which is an international determination standard of sleep depth is generally used.
- PSG sleep polysomnograph
- a lot of information related to sleep can be obtained by estimating the activity of the cranial nervous system during sleep from brain waves, surface myoelectric potential, eye movement, and the like.
- a method for easily grasping the sleep stage without using PSG has been proposed. For example, a method of determining a sleep stage by measuring a heartbeat signal using a wristwatch type or a vibration intensity measuring device of a type laid on a futon is known.
- JP 2012-65853 A Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-22276
- An object of the present invention is to provide a sleep stage determination device and a sleep stage determination method that can adopt a normalization technique and can determine a sleep stage with high accuracy while matching with an international sleep depth determination standard.
- the sleep stage determination apparatus that achieves the above-described object is the sleep stage determination apparatus that determines a user's sleep stage based on a heartbeat signal detected non-invasively and unconstrained during sleep.
- a heartbeat signal detecting means for detecting the heartbeat signal of the heartbeat signal non-invasively and unconstrained, and a peak value is controlled to be constant by performing gain control on the heartbeat signal detected by the heartbeat signal detecting means, and the gain at that time
- Normalization means for performing a normalization process on the intensity of the heartbeat signal calculated using the value of the value, and a variance indicating data variation of a predetermined time with respect to the normalized heartbeat intensity data obtained by the normalization means
- a variance value calculating means for calculating a value, the normalized heart rate obtained by the normalizing means, and the normalized heart rate calculated by the variance value calculating means Sleep stage determining means for determining the sleep stage of the user based on the variance value of the user, and the normalizing means divides the intensity of the heartbeat signal by
- the normalized normalized heart rate is obtained, and a value obtained by adding a predetermined value to the average value of the dispersion values of the normalized corrected heart rate is used as a threshold value.
- a candidate period of the awakening stage is obtained based on the threshold value, and the first normalized heart rate is obtained. Candidates based on long-term moving average of intensity
- the awakening stage is determined from among the predetermined normal intervals of the maximum value of the variance value of the first normalized heart rate intensity, or the variance value of the second normalized heart rate intensity changes in a trapezoidal shape over time.
- a section is determined as a REM sleep stage, a candidate section of a deep non-REM sleep stage is obtained based on a variance value of the first normalized heart rate intensity and an average value thereof, and the first normalization is performed on the obtained candidate section.
- An interval in which the variance value of the heart rate intensity is equal to or less than a predetermined value is obtained. In this interval, the gradient of the waveform of the moving average value obtained by the second normalization process is negative, and the variance value is greater than the average value.
- Is determined as a deep non-REM sleep stage data of a section determined to be an awakening stage, data of a section determined to be a REM sleep stage, and data of a section determined to be a deep non-REM sleep stage, The whole sleep The remaining section subtracted from the intervening data is determined to be a shallow non-REM sleep stage section.
- a sleep stage determination method that achieves the above-described object is a sleep stage determination method that determines a user's sleep stage based on a heartbeat signal detected non-invasively and unconstrained during sleep.
- a heartbeat signal detecting step for detecting the user's heartbeat signal noninvasively and unconstrained by the signal detection means, and a processor for performing signal processing performs gain control on the heartbeat signal detected in the heartbeat signal detection step.
- a first normalization process for dividing the heartbeat signal intensity by an average value of the heartbeat signal intensity and multiplying it by 100 to obtain a first normalized heartbeat intensity
- a second normalization process for obtaining a moving average value of data for a predetermined time for the data of all sections of the first normalized heart rate obtained by the normalization process of the first, and the processor performs the sleep stage
- a first normalized correction heart rate that is a difference between the long-term moving average value and the short-term moving average value of the first normalized heart rate is obtained, and an average value of the dispersion values of the normalized correction heart rate Add a predetermined value to The obtained value is set as a threshold value, a candidate section of the awakening stage is obtained based on the threshold value, the awakening stage is determined from the candidate section based on the long
- Such a sleep stage determination device and a sleep stage determination method according to the present invention determine the sleep stage by performing appropriate normalization processing on the intensity data of the heartbeat signal detected non-invasively and unconstrained.
- heartbeat signals are detected non-invasively and unconstrained, there is no physical and mental burden on the user, and it is inexpensive and can be used on a daily basis by the user.
- an appropriate normalization method individual differences and apparatus differences can be eliminated, and the sleep stage can be determined with high accuracy while being consistent with the international sleep depth determination standard.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the structure of the sleep stage determination apparatus shown as embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the sleep stage determination apparatus shown as embodiment of this invention, and is partial sectional drawing when it sees from the arrow direction in FIG. It is a figure which shows the time-sequential waveform of a heart rate intensity
- This embodiment is a sleep stage determination device that determines a sleep stage.
- this sleep stage determination device measures the amplitude of a heartbeat signal and realizes a highly accurate sleep stage determination based on the amplitude of the heartbeat signal and variations in the amplitude.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration in which the process of the sleep stage determination apparatus shown as an embodiment of the present invention is represented as a block
- FIG. 2 shows a partial cross-sectional view when viewed from the direction of the arrow in FIG.
- the sleep stage determination apparatus includes a biological signal detection unit 1 that detects a biological signal of a user lying on the bed 21 and a signal amplification unit 2 that amplifies the biological signal detected by the biological signal detection unit 1.
- a filtering unit 3 that performs a filtering process on the biological signal amplified by the signal amplification unit 2, and an automatic gain control unit 4 that automatically performs gain control on the heartbeat signal that has passed through the filtering unit 3.
- the signal strength calculation unit 5 that calculates the strength of the heart rate signal
- the normalization unit 6 that normalizes the heart rate calculated by the signal strength calculation unit 5
- a sleep stage determination unit 8 that determines a user's sleep stage based on the dispersion value of the heart rate intensity calculated by the dispersion value calculation unit 7.
- the signal intensity calculation unit 5, the normalization unit 6, the variance value calculation unit 7, and the sleep stage determination unit 8 are, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or a computer in a signal processing computer. It can be implemented as a program executable using hardware such as a memory, or can be implemented using a dedicated processor such as a DSP (Digital Processing Unit) mounted on an expansion board that can be mounted on a computer.
- DSP Digital Processing Unit
- the biological signal detection unit 1 is a non-invasive and non-restraining sensor that detects a minute biological signal of the user.
- the biological signal detection unit 1 includes a pressure detection tube 1a and a minute differential pressure sensor 1b that is a sensor that detects minute pressure fluctuations in the air accommodated in the pressure detection tube 1a.
- a non-invasive and non-constrained biological signal detection means is configured.
- the pressure detection tube 1a As the pressure detection tube 1a, a tube having an appropriate elasticity so that the internal pressure fluctuates corresponding to the pressure fluctuation range of the biological signal is used. Further, as the pressure detection tube 1a, it is necessary to appropriately select the volume of the hollow portion of the tube in order to transmit the pressure change to the fine differential pressure sensor 1b at an appropriate response speed. When the pressure detection tube 1a cannot satisfy the appropriate elasticity and the volume of the hollow portion at the same time, the hollow portion of the pressure detection tube 1a is loaded with a core wire of an appropriate thickness over the entire length of the tube, and the volume of the hollow portion is set appropriately. Can be taken.
- Such a pressure detection tube 1 a is arranged on a hard sheet 22 laid on the bed 21.
- an elastic cushion sheet 23 is laid on the hard sheet 22, and the user lies on the pressure detection tube 1a.
- the pressure detection tube 1a may be configured to be incorporated in the cushion sheet 23 or the like to stabilize the position of the pressure detection tube 1a.
- the fine differential pressure sensor 1b is a sensor that detects minute pressure fluctuations.
- a low-frequency condenser microphone type sensor is used as the fine differential pressure sensor 1b.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and any sensor having an appropriate resolution and dynamic range may be used. Good.
- the low-frequency condenser microphone used in the present embodiment is replaced with a general acoustic microphone that does not consider the low-frequency region, and a low-frequency region characteristic is provided by providing a chamber behind the pressure-receiving surface. Is significantly improved, and is suitable for detecting minute pressure fluctuations in the pressure detection tube 1a.
- this condenser microphone is excellent for measuring minute differential pressure, has a resolution of 0.2 Pa and a dynamic range of about 50 Pa, and is compared with a fine differential pressure sensor using a ceramic that is usually used. Therefore, it is suitable for detecting a minute pressure applied to the pressure detection tube 1a through a biological signal passing through the body surface.
- the frequency characteristic shows a substantially flat output value between 0.1 Hz and 30 Hz, and is suitable for detecting minute biological signals such as heartbeat and respiration.
- two sets of pressure detection tubes 1a are provided so that one detects a biological signal of the user's chest region and the other detects the user's buttocks region.
- a biological signal is detected regardless of the person's sleeping posture.
- the pressure detection tube 1a may be arranged only in one of the chest region and the buttocks region.
- the biological signal detected by such a biological signal detection unit 1 is supplied to the signal amplification unit 2.
- the signal amplification unit 2 amplifies the signal detected by the biological signal detection unit 1 so that it can be processed in a later processing step, and further performs an appropriate signal shaping process by removing a signal of an apparently abnormal level. Do.
- the biological signal amplified by the signal amplifying unit 2 is supplied to the filter unit 3.
- the filter unit 3 extracts a heartbeat signal by removing unnecessary signals from the biological signal amplified by the signal amplification unit 2 with a bandpass filter or the like. That is, the biological signal detected by the biological signal detection unit 1 is a signal in which various vibrations emitted from the human body are mixed, and includes various signals such as a body motion signal due to turning over, in addition to a heartbeat signal. It is. Among these, the heartbeat signal is a signal in which a change in pressure (that is, blood pressure) based on the pump function of the heart becomes vibration and is included in the biological signal. In the sleep stage determination apparatus, this is extracted by the filter unit 3 to be recognized as a heartbeat signal. The heartbeat signal that has passed through the filter unit 3 is supplied to the automatic gain control unit 4. The sample period of the heartbeat signal is 4 milliseconds.
- the automatic gain control unit 4 is a so-called AGC circuit that automatically performs gain control so that the output of the filter unit 3 falls within a predetermined signal level range.
- the gain control by the automatic gain control unit 4 sets the gain so that the amplitude of the output signal becomes small when the peak value of the signal exceeds a predetermined upper limit threshold, and the peak value falls below the predetermined lower limit threshold. In such a case, the gain is set so that the amplitude increases.
- the automatic gain control unit 4 supplies the gain value (coefficient) when such gain control is performed to the signal strength calculation unit 5.
- the signal strength calculation unit 5 calculates the strength of the heartbeat signal based on the gain control coefficient applied to the heartbeat signal in the automatic gain control unit 4.
- the gain value obtained from the automatic gain control unit 4 described above is set to be small when the signal size is large and large when the signal size is small. Therefore, the gain value is inversely proportional to the gain value. Signal strength will be represented.
- the signal strength calculation unit 5 supplies the heart rate strength data to the normalization unit 6 in order to generalize the calculated heart rate strength data by eliminating individual differences and device differences.
- the normalization unit 6 normalizes the heart rate intensity data calculated by the signal intensity calculation unit 5 so that the amplitude falls within a predetermined measurement range.
- the normalization unit 6 performs two types of normalization processes, a first normalization process and a second normalization process, as will be described later.
- the normalizing unit 6 supplies the normalized normalized heart rate data to the variance value calculating unit 7.
- the variance value calculation unit 7 calculates a variance value HID indicating the variation in data for a predetermined time for the normalized heart rate data normalized by the normalization unit 6.
- a variance value when an index indicating a variation in data sampled within a certain time until a certain time point is referred to as a variance value, the standard deviation of the data is adopted as the variance value. Yes. Specifically, assuming that the signal strength data is measured every second, the variance value calculation unit 7 calculates a variance value of data for 60 seconds, for example, among a series of signal strength data.
- the data for 60 seconds is calculated retroactively from a certain point of time, that is, the variance value of 60 heart rate intensity data is calculated, and then the data dispersion value for 60 seconds is calculated retroactively after the next one second.
- the variance value calculation unit 7 can obtain time-series data at intervals of 1 second with respect to variations in signal intensity (variance values). The variance value calculation unit 7 supplies the time series data thus obtained to the sleep stage determination unit 8.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 is based on the time series data of the dispersion value HID of the heart rate intensity, that is, the sleep stage of the user during sleep, that is, the arousal stage, the REM sleep stage, the first non-REM sleep stage, and the second non-REM
- the six types of the sleep stage (shallow non-REM sleep stage) and the third non-REM sleep stage and the fourth non-REM sleep stage (deep non-REM sleep stage) are determined.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 performs an abnormal value process such as replacing the variance value HID of the signal intensity exceeding the predetermined value with the predetermined value in order to remove the influence of such an abnormal value.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 outputs the determined sleep stage information and displays it on a display device (not shown), prints it with a printing device, or stores it as data in a storage device.
- the biological signal detected by capturing the biological signal by the biological signal detecting unit 1 is amplified by the signal amplifying unit 2, and unnecessary signals are removed by the filter unit 3 by a bandpass filter or the like. Detect heart rate signal.
- the strength of the heartbeat signal is calculated by the signal strength calculation unit 5 while performing gain control by the automatic gain control unit 4, and the normalization unit 6 normalizes the calculated strength of the heartbeat signal.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 determines the sleep stage based on the dispersion value calculated by the dispersion value calculation unit 7 for the obtained normalized heart rate intensity data.
- Such a sleep stage determination device performs the following normalization.
- the normalizing unit 6 obtains the average value of the whole after removing abnormal values due to getting out of the bed or body movement.
- the first normalized heart rate intensity HIn is supplied to the variance value calculation unit 7, and a variance value of 60 seconds as shown in FIG. 5 is obtained.
- time series data of all sections of 1 second intervals with respect to signal intensity variation (dispersion value HInD) can be obtained.
- the normalization unit 6 performs the second normalization process for 60 seconds with respect to the data of all the sections of the first normalized heart rate HIn obtained by the first normalization process.
- a moving average value MAV60 (HIn) of data is obtained, and this is used as the second normalized heart rate intensity HIn2.
- the normalization unit 6 normalizes the waveform of the heartbeat signal to a waveform that falls within 0 to 100% of the measurement range by performing such calculation.
- the sleep stage determination device can eliminate individual differences in heart rate intensity as well as measurement device differences.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 determines whether or not it is an awakening stage based on the first normalized heart rate intensity HIn and the variance value HInD.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 is supplied.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 determines the presence or absence of the awakening stage using the dispersion value HInrD subjected to such preprocessing. Specifically, the sleep stage determination unit 8 uses a value AV (HInrD) + A1 obtained by adding a predetermined value A1 (for example, 2%) to the average value AV (HIrrD) of the variance value HInrD as a threshold, and exceeds the threshold When the movement holding time is longer than a predetermined time (for example, 80 seconds) and there is no body movement within a predetermined time (for example, 200 seconds), the section is set as a candidate for awakening stage.
- a predetermined time for example, 80 seconds
- a predetermined time for example, 200 seconds
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 has a body movement holding time that is equal to or longer than a predetermined time (for example, 50 seconds) and continues for a predetermined holding time (for example, 40 seconds) within a predetermined time (for example, 200 seconds). In this case, even when such a situation continues intermittently a plurality of times, the section is set as a candidate for the awakening stage.
- a predetermined time for example, 50 seconds
- a predetermined holding time for example, 40 seconds
- a predetermined time for example, 200 seconds
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 determines the presence or absence of awakening from the candidates based on the long-term moving average value MAVL HIn of the first normalized heart rate intensity HIn. That is, the sleep stage determination unit 8 performs the long-term movement as shown in FIG. 9 corresponding to the time axis position of the central point of the dispersion value HInrD obtained as a candidate for the awakening stage that greatly changes due to body movement as shown in FIG. Awakening is determined based on the average value MAVL HIn.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 determines the first retention time + The maintenance time (for example, 300 seconds) is determined as the awakening stage. In addition, the sleep stage determination unit 8 determines that the long-term moving average value MAVL HIn at the corresponding time axis position exceeds 100%, the second holding time> H2, and the body movement interval ⁇ h1 and the third holding time. When> H3, the second holding time + body movement interval + third holding time + maintenance time (for example, 300 seconds) is determined as the awakening stage.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 has a value of the long-term moving average value MAVL HIn at the corresponding time axis position of 90% or more and 100% or less and the first holding time> H1 (for example, 70 seconds), The first holding time is determined as the awakening stage. Furthermore, the sleep stage determination unit 8 has a value of the long-term moving average value MAVL HIn at the corresponding time axis position of 90% or more and 100% or less, the second holding time> H2, and the body movement interval ⁇ h1 and When the third holding time> H3, the second holding time + the body movement interval + the third holding time is determined as the awakening stage. In addition, the sleep stage determination unit 8 does not determine that the stage is awakening when the value of the long-term moving average value MAVL HIn at the corresponding time axis position is less than 90%.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 always determines that it is an awakening stage from staying in bed to falling asleep.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 is a case where the long-term moving average value MAVL HIn is greater than 105% even when the sleep stage is shallow and there is no body movement, such as when reading while lying on the floor. It is determined that it is an awakening stage.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 can determine the awakening stage with high accuracy in this way.
- the autonomic component In the REM sleep stage, the autonomic component generally increases. Specifically, in the REM sleep stage, since the dispersion value of the heart rate intensity is proportional to the sympathetic nerve component, the dispersion value of the heart rate intensity may be a maximum value. In addition, when the sympathetic nerve component suddenly increases, the heartbeat intensity may suddenly change to a trapezoid because the trapezoidal time series changes to REM sleep if the upper side of the trapezoid has a positive slope. It becomes REM sleep.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 determines REM sleep by using the relationship between the dispersion value of the heart rate intensity and the sympathetic nerve component obtained from the peak interval of the heart rate signal.
- the peak interval signal of the heartbeat signal is a signal whose variable is the interval of the waveform (R wave) in the vicinity where the intensity of the heartbeat signal reaches a peak. It is often used as an RR interval signal representing an interval.
- the relationship between the peak interval signal and the autonomic component indicates that the power spectrum density calculated by performing frequency analysis such as fast Fourier transform on the peak interval signal varies depending on the state of the autonomic nervous system. Is based. That is, the power spectral density of the peak interval signal has a remarkable maximum value in a band of about 0.05 Hz to 0.15 Hz and a band of about 0.2 Hz to 0.35 Hz, but about 0.05 Hz to about 0.005 Hz.
- these HF value and LF value are parameters indicating the activity state of the autonomic nerve.
- the LF value is large and the HF value is small, it indicates that the sympathetic nervous system is active and in tension
- the LF value is small and the HF value is large, parasympathetic nervous system activity is active. Indicates that there is.
- the heart rate decreases, due to a decrease in sympathetic nervous system activity that becomes active during tension and an increase in parasympathetic nervous system activity that becomes active during relaxation. That is, the HF value and the LF value fluctuate significantly depending on the state of sleep depth.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 first removes an abnormal value when determining the REM sleep stage using the fact that the variance value of the heart rate intensity becomes a maximum value. That is, the sleep stage determination unit 8 obtains an average value (AV (HInD2)) of signals obtained by removing C% (for example, 4%) or more of the variance value HInD as an abnormal value as shown in FIG. 11, the interval that is equal to or greater than C% is replaced with the obtained average value, and the sleep stage determination unit 8 obtains a long-term moving average of this signal, as shown in FIG.
- AV HnD2
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 Determining an interval with 90 percent of the magnitude of the value as a REM sleep stage.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 determines the REM sleep stage by utilizing the fact that the heartbeat intensity rapidly changes to a trapezoidal shape
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 is as follows. Note that the situation where the heartbeat intensity suddenly changes to a trapezoidal shape refers to a situation where a trapezoidal waveform that is convex upward is obtained, as shown in FIG. Such a section changing to a trapezoidal shape is referred to as a section determined as the REM sleep stage (“2” in FIG. 14) in the PSG determination result shown as a comparative example in FIG.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 has a trapezoidal change in a section (section time> 500 seconds) having an average value AV (HInD) + 2% and a holding time of 60 seconds based on the variance value HInD. It is determined as a candidate section that can be seen. Then, the sleep stage determination unit 8 detects a trapezoid for the obtained candidate section based on the moving average value MAV (HIn) obtained as the second normalized heart rate HIn2 by the second normalization process described above. Do. Specifically, the sleep stage determination unit 8 detects the slope of the upper side of the trapezoid using the least square method for the moving average value MAV (HIn). The trapezoidal section in which this slope is positive is the REM sleep stage.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 obtains a section in which the upper side slope is positive up to the maximum value and continues for 300 seconds or more using the least square method, and this section is determined as a REM sleep. Judge as stage.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 can thus determine the REM sleep stage with high accuracy.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 sets a section where the dispersion value HInD ⁇ average value AV (HInD) and the state continues for 300 seconds or more as a candidate for a deep non-REM sleep stage. However, the sleep stage determination unit 8 excludes a section in which AV (HInD) + 1%> HInD or more and the duration of HInD ⁇ 50 seconds is not a deep non-REM sleep stage. In addition, the sleep stage determination unit 8 may set a case where the variance value HInD ⁇ AV (HInD) ⁇ 80% as a deep non-REM sleep stage candidate. In this case, the sleep stage determination unit 8 excludes a section in which AV (HInD) + 1%> HInD or more and the duration of HInD ⁇ 50 seconds is not a deep non-REM sleep stage.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 distinguishes processing depending on whether or not the maximum value and the minimum value exist in the obtained candidate section of the deep non-REM sleep stage.
- the presence / absence of the local maximum value and the local minimum value is determined based on whether or not the interval between the three points in the moving average value MAV (HIn) obtained by the second normalization process is equal to or longer than a predetermined second. it can.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 obtains a section in which the heart rate variance value HInD is equal to or less than a predetermined value as shown in FIG. Then, in this section, the sleep stage determination unit 8 has a negative slope of the waveform of the moving average value MAV (HIn) obtained by the second normalization process as shown in FIG. A section in which the relationship with the value is HInD ⁇ AV (HInD) is determined as a deep non-REM sleep stage. Note that the gradient can be obtained by the method of least squares.
- the reaction time is about 300 seconds when it is within 3 hours of falling asleep, and 800 seconds when it is 3 hours or more.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 has a slope obtained by the least square method of ⁇ 0.002% or less and satisfies the average value AV (HInD) ⁇ 95% within 3 hours after falling asleep.
- the section is determined to be a deep non-REM sleep stage.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 has a deep section in which the gradient obtained by the least square method is ⁇ 0.003% or less and the average value AV (HInD) ⁇ 95% is satisfied. It is determined as a non-REM sleep stage.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 measures the gradient between the extreme values and determines in the same manner.
- the section determined as the deep non-REM sleep stage in this way is referred to as the section determined as the deep non-REM sleep stage ("6" in FIG. 17) in the PSG determination result shown as a comparative example in FIG.
- the sleep stage determination unit 8 can thus determine a deep non-REM sleep stage with high accuracy. Then, the sleep stage determination unit 8 uses the data of the section determined to be the awakening stage, the data of the section determined to be the REM sleep stage, and the data of the section determined to be the deep non-REM sleep stage. The remaining section subtracted from the time data is determined as a shallow non-REM sleep stage section.
- each sleep stage is determined based on the dispersion value of the heart rate intensity obtained by performing an appropriate normalization process on the heart rate intensity. Therefore, universal measurement without individual differences and device differences can be performed, and the sleep stage can be determined with high accuracy while being consistent with the international sleep depth criterion.
- the present invention is applicable to any detection means that can continuously obtain a heartbeat signal or a signal equivalent thereto.
- the present invention can be applied as the biological signal detection unit 1 as long as it is a heart rate meter or pulse meter of the type worn on the body such as the wrist or the upper arm, and can record data continuously. is there.
- an air mat type detection means as shown in FIG. 18 may be used instead of using the above-described hollow tube. That is, the biological signal detection unit 30 shown in FIG. 18 is configured by connecting an air tube 30b to one end of an air mat 30a enclosing air therein, and further connecting a fine differential pressure sensor 30c to the air tube 30b. .
- the thing similar to what was demonstrated in the case of the biosignal detection part 1 using a hollow tube can be used for the micro differential pressure sensor 30c.
- the standard deviation is adopted as the variance value indicating the variation of the heart rate intensity.
- statistics such as variance, sum of deviation squares, and a predetermined range may be adopted in the present invention.
Abstract
Description
HIn=HI*100/HIの平均値
を算出する。この処理を第1の正規化処理というものとする。具体的には、正規化部6は、図3に示すように、心拍強度HIをその全体の平均値(ここでは、56.17)によって除し、その100倍の値を求め、図4に示すような第1の正規化心拍強度HInを得る。このとき、正規化部6は、離床時や体動等による異常値は除去した上で全体の平均値を求める。第1の正規化心拍強度HInは、分散値算出部7に供給され、図5に示すような60秒の分散値が求められる。このような処理を1秒ずつずらして行うことにより、信号強度のばらつき(分散値HInD)についての1秒間隔の全区間の時系列データが得られる。
HInr=HIn+MAVL HIn-MAVS HIn
を求める。そして、分散値算出部7は、図8に示すように、この正規化補正心拍強度HInrの60秒の分散値HInrDを求めることにより、信号の大きさの段差の影響を取り除いた分散値を求め、睡眠段階判定部8に供給する。
1a 圧力検出チューブ
1b,30c 微差圧センサ
2 信号増幅部
3 フィルタ部
4 自動利得制御部
5 信号強度算出部
6 正規化部
7 分散値算出部
8 睡眠段階判定部
21 寝台
22 硬質シート
23 クッションシート
30a エアマット
30b エアチューブ
Claims (4)
- 睡眠時に無侵襲且つ無拘束で検出した心拍信号に基づいて利用者の睡眠段階を判定する睡眠段階判定装置において、
前記利用者の心拍信号を無侵襲且つ無拘束で検出する心拍信号検出手段と、
前記心拍信号検出手段によって検出された心拍信号に対して利得制御を行うことによってピーク値を一定に制御し、そのときの利得の値を用いて算出した心拍信号の強度に対して正規化処理を施す正規化手段と、
前記正規化手段によって得られた前記正規化心拍強度のデータについての所定時間のデータのばらつきを示す分散値を算出する分散値算出手段と、
前記正規化手段によって得られた前記正規化心拍強度と、前記分散値算出手段によって算出された前記正規化心拍強度の分散値とに基づいて前記利用者の睡眠段階を判定する睡眠段階判定手段とを備え、
前記正規化手段は、前記心拍信号の強度の平均値によって前記心拍信号の強度を除し、それを100倍して第1の正規化心拍強度を求める第1の正規化処理と、前記第1の正規化処理によって得られた前記第1の正規化心拍強度の全区間のデータについて所定時間のデータの移動平均値を求める第2の正規化処理とを行い、
前記睡眠段階判定手段は、
前記第1の正規化心拍強度の長期移動平均値と短期移動平均値との差分である第1の正規化補正心拍強度を求め、前記正規化補正心拍強度の分散値の平均値に所定値を加算した値を閾値とし、この閾値に基づいて覚醒段階の候補区間を求め、前記第1の正規化心拍強度の長期移動平均値に基づいて、候補区間の中から覚醒段階を判定し、
前記第1の正規化心拍強度の分散値の極大値の所定近傍区間、又は、前記第2の正規化心拍強度の分散値が時間的に台形状に変化する区間をレム睡眠段階として判定し、
前記第1の正規化心拍強度の分散値とその平均値とに基づいて深いノンレム睡眠段階の候補区間を求め、求めた候補区間について、前記第1の正規化心拍強度の分散値が所定値以下となる区間を求め、この区間において、前記第2の正規化処理によって得られた移動平均値の波形の勾配が負であり且つ前記分散値が前記平均値よりも小さい区間を深いノンレム睡眠段階として判定し、
覚醒段階であると判定した区間のデータと、レム睡眠段階であると判定した区間のデータと、深いノンレム睡眠段階であると判定した区間のデータとを全睡眠時間のデータから差し引いた残りの区間を浅いノンレム睡眠段階の区間であると判定すること
を特徴とする睡眠段階判定装置。 - 前記睡眠段階判定手段は、前記覚醒段階の候補区間として求めた前記第1の正規化心拍強度の分散値の中央点の時間軸位置に対応する前記前記第1の正規化心拍強度の長期移動平均値の値に基づいて前記覚醒段階を判定すること
を特徴とする請求項1記載の睡眠段階判定装置。 - 前記睡眠段階判定手段は、前記第2の正規化心拍強度の分散値が時間的に台形状に変化する区間を前記レム睡眠段階として判定する場合には、前記台形状に変化する区間の前記第2の正規化心拍強度の波形について最小自乗法を用いて台形上辺の勾配を検出し、前記勾配が正であり且つ所定時間以上継続する区間を前記レム睡眠段階として判定すること
を特徴とする請求項1記載の睡眠段階判定装置。 - 睡眠時に無侵襲且つ無拘束で検出した心拍信号に基づいて利用者の睡眠段階を判定する睡眠段階判定方法において、
所定の心拍信号検出手段によって前記利用者の心拍信号を無侵襲且つ無拘束で検出する心拍信号検出工程と、
信号処理を行うプロセッサが、前記心拍信号検出工程にて検出された心拍信号に対して利得制御を行うことによってピーク値を一定に制御し、そのときの利得の値を用いて算出した心拍信号の強度に対して正規化処理を施す正規化工程と、
前記プロセッサが、前記正規化工程にて得られた前記正規化心拍強度のデータについての所定時間のデータのばらつきを示す分散値を算出する分散値算出工程と、
前記プロセッサが、前記正規化工程にて得られた前記正規化心拍強度と、前記分散値算出工程にて算出された前記正規化心拍強度の分散値とに基づいて前記利用者の睡眠段階を判定する睡眠段階判定工程とを備え、
前記プロセッサが、前記正規化工程において、前記心拍信号の強度の平均値によって前記心拍信号の強度を除し、それを100倍して第1の正規化心拍強度を求める第1の正規化処理と、前記第1の正規化処理によって得られた前記第1の正規化心拍強度の全区間のデータについて所定時間のデータの移動平均値を求める第2の正規化処理とを行い、
前記プロセッサが、前記睡眠段階判定工程において、
前記第1の正規化心拍強度の長期移動平均値と短期移動平均値との差分である第1の正規化補正心拍強度を求め、前記正規化補正心拍強度の分散値の平均値に所定値を加算した値を閾値とし、この閾値に基づいて覚醒段階の候補区間を求め、前記第1の正規化心拍強度の長期移動平均値に基づいて、候補区間の中から覚醒段階を判定し、
前記第1の正規化心拍強度の分散値の極大値の所定近傍区間、又は、前記第2の正規化心拍強度の分散値が時間的に台形状に変化する区間をレム睡眠段階として判定し、
前記第1の正規化心拍強度の分散値とその平均値とに基づいて深いノンレム睡眠段階の候補区間を求め、求めた候補区間について、前記第1の正規化心拍強度の分散値が所定値以下となる区間を求め、この区間において、前記第2の正規化処理によって得られた移動平均値の波形の勾配が負であり且つ前記分散値が前記平均値よりも小さい区間を深いノンレム睡眠段階として判定し、
覚醒段階であると判定した区間のデータと、レム睡眠段階であると判定した区間のデータと、深いノンレム睡眠段階であると判定した区間のデータとを全睡眠時間のデータから差し引いた残りの区間を浅いノンレム睡眠段階の区間であると判定すること
を特徴とする睡眠段階判定方法。
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