WO2018041787A1 - Dispositif de chauffage électrique et procédé de détection de surchauffe d'un tel dispositif de chauffage électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage électrique et procédé de détection de surchauffe d'un tel dispositif de chauffage électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018041787A1
WO2018041787A1 PCT/EP2017/071567 EP2017071567W WO2018041787A1 WO 2018041787 A1 WO2018041787 A1 WO 2018041787A1 EP 2017071567 W EP2017071567 W EP 2017071567W WO 2018041787 A1 WO2018041787 A1 WO 2018041787A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating element
electric heater
current
overheating
change
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/071567
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Krämer
Rainer Heck
Original Assignee
Dbk David + Baader Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dbk David + Baader Gmbh filed Critical Dbk David + Baader Gmbh
Priority to CN201780053109.3A priority Critical patent/CN109644525B/zh
Priority to EP17758537.9A priority patent/EP3508029B1/fr
Publication of WO2018041787A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018041787A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric heater and a
  • Such heaters can be used, for example, in motor vehicles for heating (heating) the room air in the passenger compartment and for heating the battery, for preheating the cooling water of water-cooled engines, for preheating the spark plugs in auto-ignition internal combustion engines, for heating fuel, for thawing operating fluids such as or
  • Headlight cleaning fluid and the urea solution of an SCR catalyst, etc. are used. Furthermore, such heaters can be used in so-called white goods such as a tumble dryer or a washing machine.
  • heating circuits must be heated due to lack of or only temporarily available heat sources, such as an internal combustion engine.
  • the heating circuits are water circuits or a
  • Security provides and in which in particular undesirable tarnishing behavior is avoided or reduced. It is a further object of the invention to provide a method for detecting overheating of such an electric heater.
  • the heater according to the invention for heating fluid streams in particular of liquid such as water or water-glycol mixtures, has a heating element, a control device for controlling a heat output generated by the heating element and a
  • the heating element has an inductance which varies as a function of the temperature.
  • the inductance increases up to a limit temperature.
  • Overheat detection means is configured to detect a change in the current flowing through the heating element caused by a change in the inductance of the heating element, with one in advance
  • Limit can detect overheating of the electric heater or its heating element by changing the current flowing through the heating element current. Overheating can occur in particular when the electric heater is running dry, ie, for example, in the event of a fault, the fluid does not flow around it. By recognizing overheating can thus also a Dry run can be detected.
  • Heating element caused change of the current flowing through the heating element is also understood as the detection of a physical quantity from which this current or its change can be derived, in particular a physical quantity which is proportional to the current or its change.
  • a physical quantity which is proportional to the current or its change.
  • the physical quantity is the voltage across the shunt resistor which is proportional to the current flowing through the heating element.
  • Control device may be designed to control the heat output generated by more than one heating element. Accordingly, the
  • Overheat detection means configured to detect a change in the respective inductances of a plurality of heating elements caused changes in the currents flowing through the plurality of heating elements and to evaluate them, as explained above for a heating element by limiting value comparison with respect to overheating.
  • Heating element have a resistance that can also change with temperature.
  • the heating element preferably comprises a material whose relative permeability increases up to a limit temperature.
  • the increase of the relative permeability of the heating element with increasing temperature results in an increase of the inductance of the heating element with increasing temperature.
  • the heating element consists of such a material.
  • the heating element comprises a ferromagnetic material.
  • Ferromagnetic material is characterized by a particularly high relative permeability of ⁇ »1.
  • the heating element is made such a ferromagnetic material.
  • ferromagnetic material are, for example, iron, nickel and / or cobalt in question.
  • alloys comprising iron, nickel and / or cobalt are suitable with a relative permeability of pr »1.
  • an alloy of iron, chromium and aluminum can be used.
  • the electric heater according to the invention is preferably as
  • the Heating element is preferably designed as a heating wire.
  • Heating wires made of the above-mentioned materials, in particular alloys of iron, chromium and aluminum, are advantageously standard heating wires, which are freely available on the market.
  • the heater according to the invention for example, supplied with a voltage from a vehicle electrical system of a vehicle, therefore, a Bordnetzwellmaschine when starting the electric heater in comparison to PTC resistance heating wires using heaters can be reduced and thus improved. Furthermore, higher operating points can be achieved than with the use of PTC resistance heating wires. Thus, for example, when using a heating wire made of an alloy of iron, chromium and aluminum as a heating element, a maximum operating point of 1350 ° C can be achieved, resulting in a higher power density and a longer life. Furthermore, heating elements made of the materials mentioned by a minimum thermal capacity and inertia, which allows rapid detection of overheating.
  • the overheating detection device of the electric heater according to the invention, the functional safety of the electric heater can be ensured.
  • the overheat detection device determines whether the values determined by the Temperature-induced change in the inductance caused change in the current of the heating element exceeds a permissible value, so that overheating of the electric heater is detected and corresponding
  • Measures such as switching off the electric heater can be initiated.
  • the sensor element corresponds to the heating element. That
  • the heating element is not only used for heating, but also for detecting overheating.
  • a component, namely the heating element, can thus be used for two different purposes.
  • the overheating detecting means of the electric heater according to the invention preferably comprises a current measuring means for measuring the current flowing through the heating element, a differentiator for detecting a change in the current flowing through the heating element, a peak detector for detecting a maximum change in the current through the heating element
  • the overheating detection device is furthermore preferably designed such that it switches off the electric heater when initiating overheating or initiates a shutdown. For this purpose, the
  • Comparing means send a signal to the controller of the electric heater, which causes the control device to turn off the electric heater.
  • the current flowing through the heating element is also understood to mean a physical quantity, from which this current can be derived, in particular one which is proportional to this current
  • Overheating detection means may further comprise an amplifier.
  • the inventive method for detecting overheating of an electric heater is one of a change of Inductance of the heating element caused change in the current flowing through the heating element determined, compared the determined change in the current flowing through the heating element with a pre-defined limit and found when exceeding the predefined limit overheating.
  • a pre-defined limit Preferably, upon detection of overheating of the electric heater is turned off via the control device.
  • the current flowing through the heating element is measured, for determining the change of the current flowing through the heating element, the derivative thereof is formed, wherein the
  • Derivative represents the change in the current, the peak value of the derivative of the current flowing through the heating element determined and the determined
  • Peak value compared to the pre-defined limit As explained above, the current flowing through the heating element is also understood to be a physical quantity from which this current can be derived.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an inventive
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of a method according to the invention for Detecting overheating of an electric heater according to the invention.
  • Dimensions given in the figures are purely exemplary in nature.
  • the electric heater 1 according to the invention is preferably designed as a water heater, as e.g. is provided in the circulation of an operating fluid, such as cooling water, in a vehicle.
  • the electric heater 1 is preferably designed as a tubular heating element (RHK) or a cylindrical heating element with a wire-shaped heating element 2 (cf., FIG. 2).
  • RHK tubular heating element
  • a corresponding water heater is known, for example, from DE 10 2010 060 446 A1 of the Applicant, so that with regard to the specific construction of the water heater, reference may be made to the statements in this document.
  • the concrete structure plays only one
  • the electrical heater 1 is preferably supplied with voltage from a vehicle electrical system of a vehicle, the vehicle electrical system voltage in particular being a high-voltage voltage used in a vehicle, which is typically between approximately 120 V and approximately 450 V.
  • the heating element 2 (and thus the electric heater 1) has an inductance L (also called inductance L_RHK), which increases with increasing temperature.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of a course of a temperature-dependent inductance of the electric heater 1 designed as a tubular heater over the temperature. As shown in Figure 1, the inductance increases up to one
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the electric heater 1 according to the invention.
  • the electric heater 1 has a heating element 2 which has an inductance L RHK and a resistance R RHK connected in series.
  • the inductance L_RHK is temperature dependent and increases with increasing temperature on.
  • the heating element 2 is preferably made of ferromagnetic material having a relative permeability ⁇ cauliflower
  • the heating element 2 is connected to a supply voltage U_HV, e.g. A voltage of a vehicle electrical system or a battery of a vehicle, and to the other terminal via a switch SW1 to ground (in Figure 2: reference potential "0") .
  • U_HV supply voltage
  • the series circuit of inductance L_RHK and resistor R_RHK is preferably a diode D1 connected in parallel
  • the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the
  • the switch SW1 is formed, for example, as a transistor circuit, and its state is controlled by the control device 3.
  • the switch SW1 may be part of the control device 3. Is the switch SW1 in
  • the control device 3 is preferably designed as power electronics in the form of a pulse width modulation (PWM) circuit, which at preferably constant frequency or period duration, the duty cycle of a rectangular pulse, i. controls the width of the square pulse forming pulses, the square pulse forms the input and control signal for the switch SW1.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the electric heater 1 according to the invention further comprises a
  • Overheat detection device 4 for detecting overheating of the electric heater 1 or its heating element 2 (see Figures 2 and 3a)).
  • the overheat detection device 4 preferably comprises a
  • the current measuring device 5 measures a current flowing through the heating element 2.
  • the current measuring device 5 is preferably formed by a shunt resistor R_Shunt (Rshunt in Figure 3a)), which is connected in series with the heating element 2 and is connected between the switch SW1 and the ground 0.
  • the current flowing through the shunt resistor R_Shunt causes at this a voltage drop (voltage Ushunt in FIG. 3), which is proportional to the current flowing through the heating element 2. That the voltage Ushunt dropped across the shunt resistor R_Shunt is proportional to the current ⁇ ⁇ flowing through the heating element 2. Changes
  • the edge steepness of the current pulses of the current IHeiz is dependent on the size of the inductance L_RHK of the heating element 2, which in turn depends on the temperature. Accordingly, the slope is the of the
  • Current measuring device 5 detected pulses of the voltage Ushunt on the size of the inductance L RHK of the heating element 2, since the voltage Ushunt is proportional to the current flowing through the heating element 2 ⁇ . If the heater 1 according to the invention is supplied with an alternating voltage, such as
  • a measuring bridge circuit which the phase difference or the zero crossing of the current through the
  • Heating element measures.
  • Heating element 2 is lower than normally without overheating, is
  • Overheat detection device 4 on a differentiator 6 The
  • Differentiator 6 determines the change in the current iHeiz or the voltage Ushunt, which follows in particular from a temperature-dependent change in the inductance L_RHK of the heating element 2.
  • the differentiator 6 forms the derivative of the voltage Ushunt, which is proportional to the derivative of the current IHeiz and which is referred to in Figure 3 as UDitr.
  • the differentiator 6 may be formed, for example, as a high-pass circuit with a capacitor C1 and a resistor R1, wherein a terminal of the capacitor C1 to an unspecified node between the switch SW1 and the shunt resistor R_Shunt and the other terminal of the capacitor C1 to the resistor R1 is connected, which in turn is connected to the other terminal to ground.
  • Differentiator 6 is higher in magnitude in the event of a fault overheating than in the normal case (see Figures 3b) and 3c)) because of the higher edge steepness of the voltage Ushunt.
  • the differentiator an amplifier 7 is connected downstream, which by a
  • Operational amplifier 10 can be realized, which is operated with a supply voltage VCC.
  • the operational amplifier 10 is preferably as
  • Operational amplifier 10 corresponds to the amplified output voltage UDiff of the differentiator 6, wherein the output voltage Uverst of the amplifier 7 in the event of an error of overheating in terms of magnitude higher in the normal case (see Figures 3b) and 3c)).
  • the amplifier 7 can be so
  • the amplifier 7 is followed by a peak detector 8, which determines the maximum change, in particular the maximum derivative, of the current iHeiz flowing through the heating element 2 during operation.
  • the peak detector 8 determines the maximum value of
  • the peak detector 8 has the output voltage Uverst as
  • the peak detector 8 has a diode D2 for rectifying the output voltage Uverst of the amplifier 7, wherein the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the output of the amplifier 7 and the cathode of the diode D1 to a terminal of a resistor R4 of the peak detector 8. The other terminal of the resistor R4 is connected to a terminal of a
  • Condenser C2 of the peak detector 8 is connected, whose other terminal is grounded.
  • the voltage U peak falling across the capacitor C2 corresponds to the peak value of the voltage Uverst after one period of the voltage Uverst.
  • the output voltage Uverst of the amplifier 7 ie the amplified output voltage UDOT of the differentiator 6
  • the output voltage Uverst of the amplifier 7 is greater than the output voltage Uverst of the amplifier 7 in the normal case. Accordingly, the output voltage is US P it ze of
  • Peak detector 8 at an overheating greater than normal see Figures 3b) and 3c)).
  • the peak detector 8 is a comparator 9
  • a microcontroller 11 which comprises a working and program memory (not shown, hereinafter referred to as: memory).
  • the microcontroller 11 is connected between the resistor R4 and the capacitor C2 of the peak detector 8.
  • a predefined limit value for overheating detection is preferably stored, with which the output voltage U peak of the peak value detector 8 is compared.
  • the comparison device 9 or its microcontroller 11 leads
  • Peak detector 8 by that it compares the peak voltage U peak with the pre-defined limit (in Figure 3: error threshold).
  • the comparison can be carried out by a stored in the memory of the microcontroller 11 program.
  • the limit value is defined in advance such that a
  • Exceeding the limit value means overheating of the electric heater 1 or of its heating element 2. If the peak value Uspitze exceeds the predefined limit value, then the comparison device 9 (and thus the overheating detection device 4) determines overheating of the electrical heater 1. If the peak value U peak is below the limit value or if the peak value U peak is equal to the limit value, then the comparison device 9 determines that the electrical heater 1 is in the normal state and there is no overheating. In the case of overheating controls the comparator 9 and their
  • Microcontroller 11 the control device 3 of the electric heater 1 preferably in such a way that it opens the switch SW1 and thus the power supply of the heating element 2 interrupts to ensure the functional safety.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the inventive method for detecting overheating of an electric heater 1 according to the invention, as shown by way of example in FIG. 2
  • step 20 the current flowing through the heating element 2 I Wien or a physical quantity from which this current is derivable, such as the voltage Ushunt on the shunt resistor R_Shunt (also: Rs unt) of
  • Overheat detection device 4 measured.
  • step 21 is for determining a change, in particular a temperature-induced change, by the heating element 2 flowing current i heating the derivative of the current iHeiz determined by means of a differentiator 6 of the overheat detection device 4.
  • the determined change in the current IHeiz is amplified by an amplifier 7 of the overheating detection device 4.
  • step 23 the peak value of the derivative of the current IHeiz determined in step 21 and amplified in step 22 is determined by means of a
  • Peak value detector 8 of the overheating detection device 4 determined.
  • the determined peak value is compared with the predefined limit value with the aid of the comparison device 9 of the overheating detection device 4. If the peak exceeds the limit, then the
  • Comparative device 9 and the overheat detection device 4 in step 24 determines that there is an overheating of the electric heater 1.

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  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de chauffage électrique (1), destiné à chauffer des flux de fluide, comprenant un élément chauffant (2) et un moyen de commande (3) destiné à commander une puissance calorifique générée par l'élément chauffant (2). L'élément chauffant (2) possède une inductance (L_RHK) qui varie en fonction de la température. Un dispositif de détection de surchauffe (4) est prévu qui est conçu pour détecter une variation du courant (IHeiz) circulant dans l'élément chauffant (2), laquelle est générée par une variation de l'inductance (L_RHK), et pour la comparer avec une valeur limite prédéfinie et, en cas de dépassement de la valeur limite, pour déterminer la surchauffe du dispositif de chauffage électrique (1). L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de détection de surchauffe d'un tel dispositif de chauffage électrique (1).
PCT/EP2017/071567 2016-08-30 2017-08-28 Dispositif de chauffage électrique et procédé de détection de surchauffe d'un tel dispositif de chauffage électrique WO2018041787A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201780053109.3A CN109644525B (zh) 2016-08-30 2017-08-28 一种电加热器和检测这种电加热器过热的方法
EP17758537.9A EP3508029B1 (fr) 2016-08-30 2017-08-28 Dispositif de chauffage électrique et procédé de détection de surchauffe d'un tel dispositif de chauffage électrique

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016216295.0A DE102016216295A1 (de) 2016-08-30 2016-08-30 Elektrischer heizer und verfahren zum erkennen einer überhitzung eines solchen elektrischen heizers
DE102016216295.0 2016-08-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018041787A1 true WO2018041787A1 (fr) 2018-03-08

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PCT/EP2017/071567 WO2018041787A1 (fr) 2016-08-30 2017-08-28 Dispositif de chauffage électrique et procédé de détection de surchauffe d'un tel dispositif de chauffage électrique

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EP (1) EP3508029B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN109644525B (fr)
DE (1) DE102016216295A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018041787A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3088121B1 (fr) * 2018-11-06 2020-11-13 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Procede de detection de surchauffe pour dispositif de chauffage et unite de commande correspondante
FR3088122B1 (fr) * 2018-11-06 2021-01-22 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Procede de detection de surchauffe pour dispositif de chauffage et unite de commande correspondante
FR3088120A1 (fr) * 2018-11-06 2020-05-08 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Procede de detection de surchauffe pour dispositif de chauffage et unite de commande correspondante
DE102019200111A1 (de) 2019-01-08 2020-07-09 Audi Ag Schaltungsanordnung und Verfahren zum getakteten Schalten eines elektrischen Verbrauchers in einem Kraftfahrzeug sowie entsprechendes Kraftfahrzeug
FR3101446B1 (fr) * 2019-10-01 2021-10-01 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Procédé de gestion thermique, notamment pour véhicule automobile, et unité de commande associée

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WO2008046852A1 (fr) * 2006-10-19 2008-04-24 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Procédé pour la protection d'un élément chauffant ainsi que dispositif de chauffage
EP1932699A1 (fr) * 2006-12-12 2008-06-18 Behr France Rouffach SAS Procédé destiné à la vérification du fonctionnement d'un dispositif de chauffage électrique, en particulier pour un véhicule automobile
DE102010060446A1 (de) 2009-11-09 2011-05-12 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Elektrischer Heizer
WO2011086184A1 (fr) * 2010-01-15 2011-07-21 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Dispositif de commande électronique
DE102014108074A1 (de) 2014-06-06 2015-12-17 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Heizmodul und Tanksystem
DE102014214690A1 (de) * 2014-07-25 2016-01-28 Contitech Techno-Chemie Gmbh Beheizbarer Schlauch
WO2017140783A1 (fr) * 2016-02-17 2017-08-24 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Dispositif électrique, en particullier dispositif de chauffage, ainsi que dispositif et procédé de commande d'un dispositif électrique

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US8884198B2 (en) * 2010-01-22 2014-11-11 Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. Parametric temperature regulation of induction heated load
GB2512042A (en) * 2012-12-31 2014-09-24 Continental Automotive Systems Resistance determination with increased sensitivity for temperature control of heated automotive component
CN103308777B (zh) * 2013-05-29 2016-02-03 漳州师范学院 电容和电感的测量方法

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008046852A1 (fr) * 2006-10-19 2008-04-24 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Procédé pour la protection d'un élément chauffant ainsi que dispositif de chauffage
EP1932699A1 (fr) * 2006-12-12 2008-06-18 Behr France Rouffach SAS Procédé destiné à la vérification du fonctionnement d'un dispositif de chauffage électrique, en particulier pour un véhicule automobile
DE102010060446A1 (de) 2009-11-09 2011-05-12 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Elektrischer Heizer
WO2011086184A1 (fr) * 2010-01-15 2011-07-21 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Dispositif de commande électronique
DE102014108074A1 (de) 2014-06-06 2015-12-17 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Heizmodul und Tanksystem
DE102014214690A1 (de) * 2014-07-25 2016-01-28 Contitech Techno-Chemie Gmbh Beheizbarer Schlauch
WO2017140783A1 (fr) * 2016-02-17 2017-08-24 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Dispositif électrique, en particullier dispositif de chauffage, ainsi que dispositif et procédé de commande d'un dispositif électrique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102016216295A1 (de) 2018-03-01
CN109644525A (zh) 2019-04-16
CN109644525B (zh) 2022-08-09
EP3508029B1 (fr) 2023-09-06
EP3508029A1 (fr) 2019-07-10

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