WO2018034759A1 - Copolymères de propylène-oléfine et leurs procédés de fabrication - Google Patents

Copolymères de propylène-oléfine et leurs procédés de fabrication Download PDF

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WO2018034759A1
WO2018034759A1 PCT/US2017/042342 US2017042342W WO2018034759A1 WO 2018034759 A1 WO2018034759 A1 WO 2018034759A1 US 2017042342 W US2017042342 W US 2017042342W WO 2018034759 A1 WO2018034759 A1 WO 2018034759A1
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component
reactor
composition
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propylene
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PCT/US2017/042342
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Alexander I. NORMAN
Gregory K. Hall
John R. Hagadorn
Andy H. Tsou
Peijun Jiang
Ying Ying SUN
Sarah J. MATTLER
Arturo Leyva
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Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc.
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Priority to CN201780044042.7A priority Critical patent/CN109563202B/zh
Priority to EP17745231.5A priority patent/EP3497140B1/fr
Priority to ES17745231T priority patent/ES2876149T3/es
Publication of WO2018034759A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018034759A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
    • C08L23/14—Copolymers of propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/16—Elastomeric ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers, e.g. EPR and EPDM rubbers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/65908—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an ionising compound other than alumoxane, e.g. (C6F5)4B-X+
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2203/00—Applications
    • C08L2203/16—Applications used for films
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2314/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by way of preparation
    • C08L2314/06—Metallocene or single site catalysts

Definitions

  • This invention is related to propylene olefin copolymers that are a blend of high and low molecular weight propylene olefin copolymers to produce a blend useful for soft, elastic applications.
  • Polyolefin polymers and polymer blends are known for their utility in a wide variety of applications.
  • many polyolefin polymers including copolymers of propylene with other olefins such as ethylene, are well suited for use in applications requiring good stretchability, elasticity, and strength.
  • Such polymers often comprise a blend of two or more propylene copolymers, and may be manufactured by physically blending two or more copolymers, or by reactor blending of the copolymers.
  • the inventors have discovered that incorporating a high molecular weight pyridyl diamido-based catalyzed copolymer with a low molecular weight metallocene catalyzed copolymer can produce a balance of a pellet stable bimodal propylene olefin copolymer having suitable elastic recovery properties.
  • the olefin copolymers of the invention have a broad split in molecular of each component but a narrow split in olefin content of each component.
  • a composition comprising from about 70 wt% to about 90 wt% of a first propylene alpha-olefin copolymer component having an ethylene content of about 15 to about 21 wt%; and from about 10 wt% to about 30 wt% of a second propylene alpha-olefin copolymer component having an ethylene content of about 6 to about 10 wt%; wherein the weight average molecular weight of the first component is about 250,000 to about 1,780,000 g/mol higher than the weight average molecular weight of the second component wherein the reactivity ratio product of the first component is less than 0.75 ; wherein the reactivity ratio product of the second component is greater than or equal to 0.75; and wherein the composition has at least one of the following properties: (i) a tension set of less than about 15 %; (ii) a top load of less than about 8 N; (iii) a retractive force of greater than about 3.5
  • the Figure shows the crystallization kinetics of a comparative propylene-based elastomer and three inventive propylene olefin copolymers.
  • copolymer is meant to include polymers having two or more monomers, optionally, with other monomers, and may refer to interpolymers, terpolymers, etc.
  • polymer as used herein includes, but is not limited to, homopolymers, copolymers, terpolymers, etc., and alloys and blends thereof.
  • polymer as used herein also includes impact, block, graft, random, and alternating copolymers.
  • polymer shall further include all possible geometrical configurations unless otherwise specifically stated. Such configurations may include isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic symmetries.
  • blend refers to a mixture of two or more polymers.
  • elastic shall mean any polymer exhibiting some degree of elasticity, where elasticity is the ability of a material that has been deformed by a force (such as by stretching) to return at least partially to its original dimensions once the force has been removed.
  • alpha-olefin includes ethylene
  • the term "monomer” or “comonomer,” as used herein, can refer to the monomer used to form the polymer, i.e., the unreacted chemical compound in the form prior to polymerization, and can also refer to the monomer after it has been incorporated into the polymer, also referred to herein as a "[monomer] -derived unit". Different monomers are discussed herein, including propylene monomers, ethylene monomers, and diene monomers.
  • reactor grade means a polymer that has not been chemically or mechanically treated or blended after polymerization in an effort to alter the polymer's molecular structure such as average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, or viscosity. Particularly excluded from those polymers described as reactor grade are those that have been visbroken or otherwise treated or coated with peroxide or other prodegradants. For the purposes of this disclosure, however, reactor grade polymers include those polymers that are reactor blends.
  • Reactor blend means a blend of two or more polymers produced in situ as the result of sequential or parallel polymerization of one or more monomers with the formation of one polymer in the presence of another, or by solution blending polymers made separately in parallel reactors.
  • Reactor blends may be produced in a single reactor, a series of reactors, or parallel reactors and are reactor grade blends.
  • Reactor blends may be produced by any polymerization method, including batch, semi-continuous, or continuous systems.
  • Particularly excluded from “reactor blend” polymers are blends of two or more polymers in which the polymers are blended ex situ, such as by physically or mechanically blending in a mixer, extruder, or other similar device.
  • the propylene olefin copolymer of the invention comprises a blend of a first propylene olefin component and a second propylene olefin component.
  • the first component is present in the amount of about 70 wt% to about 90 wt% of the copolymer and the second component is present in the amount of about 10 wt% to about 30 wt% of the copolymer.
  • the olefin comonomer units for each component may be derived from ethylene, butene, pentene, hexene, 4-methyl-l -pentene, octene, or decene. In preferred embodiments the comonomer is ethylene.
  • each of the components consists essentially of propylene and ethylene derived units, or consists only of propylene and ethylene derived units.
  • the copolymer may include at least about 5 wt%, at least about 7 wt%, at least about 9 wt%, at least about 10 wt%, at least about 12 wt%, at least about 13 wt%, at least about 14 wt%, at least about 15 wt%, or at least about 16 wt%, a-olefin-derived units, based upon the total weight of the copolymer.
  • the copolymer may include up to about 30 wt%, up to about 25 wt%, up to about 22 wt%, up to about 20 wt%, up to about 19 wt%, up to about 18 wt%, or up to about 17 wt%, ⁇ -olefin-derived units, based upon the total weight of the copolymer.
  • the copolymer may comprise from about 5 to about 30 wt%, from about 6 to about 25 wt%, from about 7 wt% to about 20 wt%, from about 10 to about 19 wt%, from about 12 wt% to about 19 wt%, or from about 15 wt% to about 18 wt%, or form about 16 wt% to about 18 wt%, ⁇ -olefin-derived units, based upon the total weight of the copolymer.
  • the copolymer may include at least about 70 wt%, at least about 75 wt%, at least about 78 wt%, at least about 80 wt%, at least about 81 wt%, at least about 82 wt%, or at least 83 wt%, propylene-derived units, based upon the total weight of the copolymer.
  • the copolymer may include up to about 95 wt%, up to about 93 wt%, up to about 91 wt%, up to about 90 wt%, up to about 88 wt%, or up to about 87 wt%, or up to about 86 wt%, or up to about 85 wt%, or up to about 84 wt%, propylene-derived units, based upon the total weight of the copolymer.
  • the copolymers can be characterized by a melting point (Tm), which can be determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
  • the melting point is the temperature recorded corresponding to the greatest heat absorption within the range of melting temperature of the sample, when the sample is continuously heated at a programmed rate.
  • that peak is deemed to be the “melting point.”
  • the melting point peak is deemed to be the highest of those peaks. It is noted that due to the low-crystallinity of many copolymers, the melting point peak may be at a low temperature and be relatively flat, making it difficult to determine the precise peak location.
  • a “peak” in this context is defined as a change in the general slope of the DSC curve (heat flow versus temperature) from positive to negative, forming a maximum without a shift in the baseline where the DSC curve is plotted so that an endothermic reaction would be shown with a positive peak.
  • the "glass transition temperature” is measured using dynamic mechanical analysis. This test provides information about the small-strain mechanical response of a sample as a function of temperature over a temperature range that includes the glass transition region and the visco-elastic region prior to melting. Specimens are tested using a commercially available DMA instrument (e.g., TA Instruments DMA 2980 or Rheometrics RSA) equipped with a dual cantilever test fixture. The specimen is cooled to -130°C then heated to 60°C at a heating rate of 2°C/min while subjecting to an oscillatory deformation at 0.1% strain and a frequency of 6.3 rad/sec.
  • DMA instrument e.g., TA Instruments DMA 2980 or Rheometrics RSA
  • the copolymer can have a triad tacticity (mm tacticity), as measured by 13C NMR, of 75% or greater, 80% or greater, 85% or greater, 90% or greater, 92% or greater, 95% or greater, or 97% or greater.
  • the triad tacticity may range from about 75% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 99%, from about 85% to about 99%, from about 90% to about 99%, from about 90% to about 97%, or from about 80% to about 97%.
  • Triad tacticity is determined by the methods described in U.S. Patent No. 7,232,871.
  • Propylene crystallinity is probed using X-ray scattering methods. Since polypropylene is a semi-crystalline polymer, the crystal structure can be resolved using X-ray diffraction (XRD) or Wide- Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS).
  • the unit cells of the crystalline polymer are the building blocks of the crystalline lamellae: planar sheets of crystalline material. Since not all polymer chains can crystallize, amorphous chains also exist and these typically are found in between stacks of crystalline lamellae. WAXS can probe the extent to which these polymer chains crystallize since the data will contain information regarding crystalline and amorphous morphology. WAXS also can determine crystalline orientation and crystallite size.
  • the crystallinity of the film samples is obtained from WAXS: unit cell type and overall extent of crystallinity. WAXS and SAXS patterns were collapsed to a I(q) vs q plot.
  • the overall degree of crystallinity of the film samples was determined by taking the ratio of the peak areas of the (110), (040), (130), (111) and (13 ⁇ ) (which were fit to a Gaussian function) to the total area underneath the ID WAXS profile[l].
  • the amorphous region was also fit to a Gaussian curve. See Ryan, A.J., et al., A synchrotron X-ray study of melting and recrystallization in isotactic polypropylene. Polymer, 1997, 38(4): p. 759-768.
  • the comonomer content and sequence distribution of the polymers can be measured using 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Comonomer content of discrete molecular weight ranges can be measured using methods well known to those skilled in the art, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in conjunction with samples by GPC, as described in Wheeler and Willis, Applied Spectroscopy, 1993, Vol. 47, pp. 1128-1130.
  • FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
  • the comonomer (ethylene) content can be measured using the procedure described in Wheeler and Willis. Reference is made to U.S. Patent No. 6,525,157 which contains more details on GPC measurements, the determination of ethylene content by NMR and the DSC measurements.
  • Mw, Mn and Mw/Mn are determined by using a High Temperature Gel Permeation Chromatography (Agilent PL-220), equipped with three in-line detectors, a differential refractive index detector (DRI), a light scattering (LS) detector, and a viscometer. Experimental details, including detector calibration, are described in: T. Sun, P. Brant, R. R. Chance, and W. W. Graessley, Macromolecules, Volume 34, Number 19, pp. 6812-6820, (2001) and references therein. Three Agilent PLgel ⁇ Mixed-B LS columns are used. The nominal flow rate is 0.5 niL/min, and the nominal injection volume is 300 ⁇ .
  • the various transfer lines, columns, viscometer and differential refractometer (the DRI detector) are contained in an oven maintained at 145°C.
  • Solvent for the experiment is prepared by dissolving 6 grams of butylated hydroxytoluene as an antioxidant in 4 liters of Aldrich reagent grade 1 ,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB). The TCB mixture is then filtered through a 0.1 ⁇ Teflon filter. The TCB is then degassed with an online degas ser before entering the GPC-3D.
  • Polymer solutions are prepared by placing dry polymer in a glass container, adding the desired amount of TCB, then heating the mixture at 160°C with continuous shaking for about 2 hours. All quantities are measured gravimetrically.
  • the TCB densities used to express the polymer concentration in mass/volume units are 1.463 g/ml at room temperature and 1.284 g/ml at 145°C.
  • the injection concentration is from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/ml, with lower concentrations being used for higher molecular weight samples.
  • the DRI detector and the viscometer Prior to running each sample the DRI detector and the viscometer are purged. Flow rate in the apparatus is then increased to 0.5 ml/minute, and the DRI is allowed to stabilize for 8 hours before injecting the first sample.
  • the LS laser is turned on at least 1 to 1.5 hours before running the samples.
  • the concentration, c, at each point in the chromatogram is calculated from the baseline- subtracted DRI signal, I DRI , using the following equation:
  • K DRI is a constant determined by calibrating the DRI
  • (dn/dc) is the refractive index increment for the system.
  • Units on parameters throughout this description of the GPC-3D method are such that concentration is expressed in g/cm ⁇ , molecular weight is expressed in g/mole, and intrinsic viscosity is expressed in dL/g.
  • the LS detector is a Wyatt Technology High Temperature DAWN HELEOS.
  • M molecular weight at each point in the chromatogram is determined by analyzing the LS output using the Zimm model for static light scattering (M.B. Huglin, LIGHT SCATTERING FROM POLYMER SOLUTIONS, Academic Press, 1971):
  • AR(9) is the measured excess Rayleigh scattering intensity at scattering angle ⁇
  • c is the polymer concentration determined from the DRI analysis
  • a 2 is the second virial coefficient
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the form factor for a monodisperse random coil
  • K 0 is the optical constant for the system:
  • N A is Avogadro's number
  • (dn/dc) is the refractive index increment for the system, which take the same value as the one obtained from DRI method.
  • a high temperature Viscotek Corporation viscometer which has four capillaries arranged in a Wheatstone bridge configuration with two pressure transducers, is used to determine specific viscosity.
  • One transducer measures the total pressure drop across the detector, and the other, positioned between the two sides of the bridge, measures a differential pressure.
  • the specific viscosity, r ⁇ s for the solution flowing through the viscometer is calculated from their outputs.
  • the intrinsic viscosity, [ ⁇ ] at each point in the chromatogram is calculated from the following equation:
  • n s c[n] + 0.3(c[n])2
  • the branching index (g' vis ) is calculated using the output of the GPC-DRI-LS-VIS method as follows.
  • the average intrinsic viscosit of the sample is calculated by: HJavg
  • M v is the viscosity-average molecular weight based on molecular weights determined by LS analysis.
  • Mw weight average molecular weight measured using a low angle laser light scattering (LALLS) technique in combination with Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC)
  • LALLS low angle laser light scattering
  • MwDRI weight average molecular weight
  • MvDRI viscosity average molecular weight
  • DRI differential refractive index
  • IV intrinsic viscosity
  • the weight average molecular weight of the first polymer component is greater than that of the second polymer component. In embodiments, the weight average molecular weight of the first polymer component is greater than about 250,000 g/mol, or about 500,000 g/mol, or about 750,000 g/mol, or about 1,000,000 g/mol, or about 1,500,000 g/mol, or about 1,780,000 g/mol higher than that of the second polymer component. Preferably, the weight average molecular weight of the first polymer component is greater than about 400,000 g/mol, or about 450,000 g/mol, or about 500,000 g/mol to less than about 1,800,000 g/mol, or about 1,750,000 g/mol, or about 1,500,000 g/mol.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the second polymer component is greater than about 20,000 g/mol, or about 30,000 g/mol, or about 50,000 g/mol to less than about 150,000 g/mol, or about 125,000 g/mol, or about 100,000 g/mol.
  • the first component of the copolymer may have a melt flow rate (MFR), as measured according to ASTM D-1238 (2.16 kg weight @ 230°C) of from less than 0.1 g/10 min to 0.3 g/10 min and the second component of the copolymer may have a MFR of from 20 g/10 min to 15,000 g/10 min.
  • MFR melt flow rate
  • the copolymer is a reactor grade or reactor blended polymer, as defined above. That is, in preferred embodiments, the copolymer is a reactor blend of a first polymer component and a second polymer component.
  • the comonomer content of the copolymer can be adjusted by adjusting the comonomer content of the first polymer component, adjusting the comonomer content of second polymer component, and/or adjusting the ratio of the first polymer component to the second polymer component present in the copolymer.
  • the a-olefin content of the first polymer component (“Ri") may be greater than 5 wt%, greater than 7 wt%, greater than 10 wt%, greater than 12 wt%, greater than 15 wt%, or greater than 17 wt%, based upon the total weight of the first polymer component.
  • the a-olefin content of the first polymer component may be less than 30 wt%, less than 27 wt%, less than 25 wt%, less than 22 wt%, less than 20 wt%, or less than 19 wt%, based upon the total weight of the first polymer component.
  • the ⁇ -olefin content of the first polymer component may range from 5 wt% to 30 wt%, from 7 wt% to 27 wt%, from 10 wt% to 25 wt%, from 12 wt% to 22 wt%, from 15 wt% to 20 wt%, or from 17 wt% to 19 wt%.
  • the first polymer component comprises propylene and ethylene derived units, or consists essentially of propylene and ethylene derived units.
  • the a-olefin content of the second polymer component may be greater than 1.0 wt%, greater than 1.5 wt%, greater than 2.0 wt%, greater than 2.5 wt%, greater than 2.75 wt%, or greater than 3.0 wt%, or greater than 5.0 wt%, or greater than 6.0 wt% a-olefin, based upon the total weight of the second polymer component.
  • the ⁇ -olefin content of the second polymer component may be less than 10 wt%, less than 9 wt%, less than 8 wt%, less than 7 wt%, less than 6 wt%, or less than 5 wt%, based upon the total weight of the second polymer component.
  • the ⁇ -olefin content of the second polymer component may range from 1.0 wt% to 10 wt%, or from 1.5 wt% to 9 wt%, or from 2.0 wt% to 8 wt%, or from 2.5 wt% to 7 wt%, or from 2.75 wt% to 6 wt%, or from 3 wt% to 5 wt%.
  • the second polymer component comprises propylene and ethylene derived units, or consists essentially of propylene and ethylene derived units.
  • the copolymer may comprise from 1 to 25 wt% of the second polymer component, from 3 to 20 wt% of the second polymer component, from 5 to 20 wt% of the second polymer component, from 7 to 15 wt% of the second polymer component, from 8 to 12 wt% of the second polymer component, or from 15 to 20 wt% of the second polymer component, based on the weight of the copolymer, where desirable ranges may include ranges from any lower limit to any upper limit.
  • the copolymer may comprise from 70 to 99 wt% of the first polymer component, from 70 to 90 wt% of the first polymer component, from 80 to 97 wt% of the first polymer component, from 85 to 93 wt% of the first polymer component, or from 82 to 92 wt% of the first polymer component, based on the weight of the copolymer, where desirable ranges may include ranges from any lower limit to any upper limit.
  • Copolymerization of monomer Ml and monomer M2 leads to two types of polymer chains - one with monomer Ml at the propagating chain end (Ml * ) and other with monomer M2 (M2 * ). Four propagation reactions are then possible. Monomer Ml and monomer M2 can each add either to a propagating chain ending in monomer Ml or to one ending in monomer M2, i.e.,
  • n and r 2 are defined as
  • rl and 12 as defined above is the ratio of the rate constant for a reactive propagating species adding its own type of monomer to the rate constant for its addition of the other monomer.
  • the tendency of two monomers to copolymerize is noted by values of n and r 2 .
  • An n value greater than unity means that Ml* preferentially inserts Ml instead of M2, while an n value less than unity means that Ml* preferentially inserts M2.
  • An n value of zero would mean that Ml is incapable of undergoing homopolymerization.
  • a block copolymer In a block copolymer, one type of monomer is grouped together in a chain segment, and another one is grouped together in another chain segments.
  • a block copolymer can be thought of as a polymers with multiple chain segments with each segment consisting of the same type of monomer:
  • the classification of the three types of copolymers can be also reflected in the reactivity ratio product, rir2.
  • AS is known to those skilled in the art, when the polymerization is called ideal copolymerization. Ideal copolymerization occurs when the two types of propagating chains Ml * and M2 * show the same preference for inserting Ml or M2 monomer.
  • the copolymer is "statistically random.” For the case, where the two monomer reactivity ratios are different, for example, n >1 and ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 or n ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 >1, one of the monomers is more reactive than the other toward both propagating chains.
  • the copolymer will contain a larger proportion of the more reactive monomer in random placement.
  • n and ⁇ 2 are greater than unity (and therefore, also rir2 > 1), there is a tendency to form a block copolymer in which there are blocks of both monomers in the chain.
  • n » r 2 i.e. n » 1 and ⁇ 2 « 1
  • both types of propagating chains preferentially add to monomer Ml.
  • monomer Ml there is a tendency toward "consecutive homopolymerization' ' of the two monomers to form block copolymer.
  • a copolymer having reactivity product, nr 2 greater than 1.5 contains relatively long homopolymer sequences and is said to be "blocky.”
  • This type of copolymerization is referred to as alternating copolymerization.
  • Each of the two types of propagating chains preferentially adds to the other monomer, that is, Ml adds only to M2 * and M2 adds only to Ml * .
  • the copolymer has the alternating structure irrespective of the co- monomer feed composition.
  • nr 2 4 (EE)(PP)/(EP) 2 .
  • the copolymers are preferably prepared using homogeneous conditions, such as a continuous solution polymerization process.
  • the copolymer are prepared in parallel solution polymerization reactors, such that the first reactor component is prepared in a first reactor and the second reactor component is prepared in a second reactor, and the reactor effluent from the first and second reactors are combined and blended to form a single reactor effluent from which the final copolymer is separated.
  • Exemplary methods for the preparation of copolymers may be found in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,881,800; 7,803,876; 8,013,069; and 8,026,323 and PCT Publications WO 2011/087729; WO 2011/087730; and WO 2011/087731, incorporated herein by reference.
  • the first reactor component of the copolymer is polymerized using a non-metallocene catalyst and the second reactor component of the copolymer is polymerized using a metallocene catalyst.
  • non-metallocene catalyst also known as “post- metallocene catalyst” describe transition metal complexes that do not feature any pi- coordinated cyclopentadienyl anion donors (or the like) and are useful the polymerization of olefins when combined with common activators. See Baier, M. C; Zuideveld, M. A.; Mecking, S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 2-25; Gibson, V. C, Spitzmesser, S. K.
  • the first reactor component of the copolymer is a pyridyl diamide catalyzed and the second reactor component of the copolymer is metallocene catalyzed.
  • the pyridyl diamide catalyst has the following structural formula:
  • M is a Group 3-12 metal
  • E is selected from carbon, silicon, or germanium
  • X is an anionic leaving group, such as, but not limited to alkyl, aryl, hydride, alkylsilane, fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, triflate, carboxylate, alkylsulfonate, amide, alkoxide, and hydroxide
  • L is a neutral Lewis base, such as, but not limited to ether, amine, thioether
  • R 1 and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyls, substituted hydrocarbyls, and silyl groups
  • R 2 through R 12 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyls, alkoxy, silyl, amino, aryloxy, substituted hydrocarbyls, halogen, and phosphino
  • n is 1 or 2 or 3
  • m is 0, 1, or 2
  • two X groups may be joined together to form
  • M is a Group 4 metal, such as zirconium or hafnium.
  • n is 2 and m is 0;
  • E is carbon.
  • Preferred X groups include chloride, fluoride, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, benzyl, hydrido, dialkylamido, dimethylamido, diethylamide, trimethylsilylmethyl, and neopentyl.
  • Preferred R 1 groups include aryls, substituted aryls, 2,6- disubstituted aryls, 2,4,6-trisubtituted aryls, 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl, 2,6-diisopropyl-4-methyl-phenyl, xylyl, mesityl, and 2-ethyl-6-isopropylphenyl.
  • Preferred R 13 groups include aryls, substituted aryls, 2-substituted aryls, cycloalkyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, 2,5-disubstituted aryl, 2-methylphenyl, 2-ethylphenyl, 2-isopropylphenyl, phenyl, and 4-methylphenyl.
  • Preferred R 2 /R 3 pairs include H/H, H/aryl, H/2-substituted aryl, H/alkyl, H/phenyl, H/2-methylphenyl, and H/2-isopropylphenyl.
  • both R 7 and R 8 are hydrogen.
  • R 7 and R 8 are joined together to form a six-membered aromatic ring.
  • R 10 and R 11 are joined together to form a five or six- membered ring.
  • R 11 and R 12 are both hydrogen.
  • R 1 and R 13 may be independently selected from phenyl groups that are variously substituted with between zero to five substituents that include F, CI, Br, I, CF 3 , N0 2 , alkoxy, dialkylamino, aryl, and alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbons, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, and isomers thereof.
  • R 3 -E-R 2 groups and preferred R 12 -E-R n groups include CH 2 , CMe 2 , SiMe 2 , SiEt 2 , SiPr 2 , SiBu 2 , SiPh 2 , Si(aryl) 2 , Si(alkyl) 2 , CH(aryl), CH(Ph), CH(alkyl), and CH(2-isopropylphenyl), where alkyl is a C j to C 40 alkyl group (preferably C j to C 20 alkyl, preferably one or more of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, and isomers thereof), aryl is a C 5 to C ⁇ aryl group (preferably a C 6 to C 20 aryl group, preferably phenyl or substituted phen
  • suitable metallocene catalysts for polymerizing the second component include those of capable of producing crystalline poly-alpha-olefins, such as crystalline propylene homopolymers and semi-crystalline propylene copolymers, include those obeying the following general formula (1):
  • each cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ring is substituted with from zero to four substituent groups S v , each substituent group S v being, independently, a hydrocarbyl, substituted-hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, substituted-halocarbyl, hydrocarbyl-substituted organometalloid, halocarbyl-substituted organometalloid, disubstituted boron, disubstituted pnictogen, substituted chalcogen or halogen radical, provided that two adjacent S v groups may be joined to form a C 4 to C20 ring to give a saturated or unsaturated polycyclic ligand, wherein the subscript "v" denotes the carbon
  • A is a bridging group containing boron or a Group 14, 15 or 16 element.
  • Preferred examples for the bridging group A include CH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 , CH(CH 3 ) 2 , O, S, SiMe 2 , SiPh 2 , SiMePh, Si(CH 2 ) 3 and Si(CH 2 ) 4 .
  • Preferred transition metal compounds for producing poly-alpha-olefins having enhanced isotactic character are those of formula 1 where the S v groups are independently chosen such that the metallocene framework 1) has no plane of symmetry containing the metal center, and 2) has a C 2 -axis of symmetry through the metal center.
  • These complexes such as rac-Me 2 Si(indenyl) 2 ZrMe 2 and rac-Me 2 Si(indenyl) 2 HfMe 2 , are well known in the art and generally produce isotactic polymers with high degrees of stereoregularity.
  • Preferred metallocene catalysts useful for producing the second polymer in the process of the invention are not narrowly defined but generally it is found that the most suitable are those in the generic class of bridged, substituted bis(cyclopentadienyl) metallocenes, specifically bridged bis(indenyl) metallocenes.
  • useful metallocene compounds having two cyclopentadien l rings are represented by the formula:
  • M is the same as M described above, preferably M is titanium, zirconium or hafnium, Zr or Hf;
  • Z and Q* are, independently, a substituted or unsubstituted Cp group (useful Z and Q* groups are represented by the formula: where d is 1, 2, 3, or 4,
  • S* is hydrocarbyl groups, heteroatoms, or heteroatom-containing groups, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, or an isomer thereof, N, O, S, P, or a Ci to C20 hydrocarbyl substituted with an N, O, S and or P heteroatom or heteroatom-containing group (typically having up to 12 atoms, including the N, O, S, and P heteroatoms) and two S* may form a cyclic or multicyclic group;
  • T
  • Z and Q* are not 2,4 substituted indene, preferably are not 2-methyl, 4-phenyl indene.
  • Example of bis(indenyl) metallocenes compound includes ⁇ -( ⁇ 3)2 Si(indenyl)2 Hf(Cl)2 and ⁇ -( ⁇ 3)2 Si(indenyl)2 Hf(CH3)2.
  • the activators for these metallocene catalysts can methylaluminoxane (MAO), or a non-coordinating anion activator selected from the group consisting of dimethylanilinium- or trityl-fluoroarylborates, wherein the fluoroaryl group is pentafluorophenyl, perfluoronaphthyl, or quadrafluoro-trihydronaphthyl.
  • MAO methylaluminoxane
  • a non-coordinating anion activator selected from the group consisting of dimethylanilinium- or trityl-fluoroarylborates, wherein the fluoroaryl group is pentafluorophenyl, perfluoronaphthyl, or quadrafluoro-trihydronaphthyl.
  • room temperature is used to refer to the temperature range of about 20°C to about 23.5°C.
  • the propylene-olefin copolymer can be made using general polymerization techniques known in the art. Any solution, suspension, slurry and bulk and gas phase polymerization process known in the art can be used. Such processes can be run in batch, semi-batch or continuous mode. Homogeneous solution processes are preferred.
  • reactor temperatures can range from about 60°C to about 250°C, while pressures are generally higher than 300 psig.
  • the polymerization temperature is preferably at least 50, or 60, or 70°C, or within a range from 50, or 60, or 70, or 80, or 90, or 100, or 120 to 130, or 140, or 150, or 160, or 170°C.
  • the monomers are dissolved/dispersed in the solvent either prior to being fed to the first reactor (or for gaseous monomers the monomer may be fed to the reactor so that it will dissolve in the reaction mixture).
  • the solvent and monomers Prior to mixing, the solvent and monomers are generally purified to remove potential catalyst poisons.
  • the feedstock may be heated or cooled prior to feeding to the first reactor. Additional monomers and solvent may be added to the second reactor, and it may be heated or cooled.
  • the catalysts/activators can be fed in the first reactor or split between two reactors. In solution polymerization, polymer produced is molten and remains dissolved in the solvent under reactor conditions, forming a polymer solution (also referred as to effluent).
  • the solution polymerization process of this invention uses stirred reactor system comprising one or more stirred polymerization reactors.
  • the reactors should be operated under conditions to achieve a thorough mixing of the reactants.
  • the first polymerization reactor preferably operates at lower temperature.
  • the residence time in each reactor will depend on the design and the capacity of the reactor.
  • the catalysts/activators can be fed into the first reactor only or split between two reactors. Alternatively, a loop reactor is preferred.
  • the polymer solution is then discharged from the reactor as an effluent stream and the polymerization reaction is quenched, typically with coordinating polar compounds, to prevent further polymerization.
  • the polymer solution On leaving the reactor system the polymer solution is passed through a heat exchanger system on route to a devolatilization system and polymer finishing process. Under certain conditions of temperature and pressure, the polymer solution can phase separate into a polymer lean phase and a polymer rich phase. Phase separation occurs at the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Increasing the temperature or decreasing the pressure at the LCST point leads to further phase separation.
  • LCST critical solution temperature
  • a polymer can be recovered from the effluent of either reactor or the combined effluent, by separating the polymer from other constituents of the effluent.
  • Conventional separation means may be employed.
  • polymer can be recovered from effluent by coagulation with a non-solvent such as isopropyl alcohol, acetone, or n-butyl alcohol, or the polymer can be recovered by stripping the solvent or other media with heat or steam.
  • a non-solvent such as isopropyl alcohol, acetone, or n-butyl alcohol
  • One or more conventional additives such as antioxidants can be incorporated in the polymer during the recovery procedure.
  • Possible antioxidants include phenyl-beta-naphthylamine; di-tert- butylhydroquinone, triphenyl phosphate, heptylated diphenylamine, 2,2'-methylene-bis(4- methyl-6-tert-butyl)phenol, and 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-phenyl-l,2-dihydroquinoline.
  • Other methods of recovery such as by the use of lower critical solution temperature (LCST) followed by devolatilization are also envisioned.
  • LCST critical solution temperature
  • the propylene-olefin copolymer described herein is produced in either batch or continuous multistage polymerization processes.
  • Each polymerization stage is defined as a single polymerization reactor or a polymerization zone within a single reactor. More specifically, a multistage polymerization may involve either two or more sequential polymerizations (also referred to as a series process) or two or more parallel polymerizations (also referred to herein as a "parallel process").
  • the polymerization is conducted in a parallel process.
  • each component of the propylene-olefin copolymer made in the respective reactors of the continuous, multiple reactor solution process are blended in solution without prior isolation from the solvent.
  • the blends may be a result of series reactor operation, where at least part of the effluent of a first reactor enters a second reactor and where the effluent of the second reactor can be submitted to finishing steps involving devolatilization.
  • the blend may also be the result of parallel reactor operation where the effluents of both reactors are combined and submitted to finishing steps.
  • Either option provides an intimate admixture of the polymers in the devolatilized copolymers.
  • Either case permits a wide variety of polysplits to be prepared whereby the proportion of the amounts of each component produced in the respective reactors can be varied widely.
  • the propylene-olefin copolymer is a reactor blend.
  • the method discussed herein has the advantage of eliminating the need for a melt blending operation and enables intimate blends of the copolymers to be made in the original reaction medium. Such materials have unique properties because they are not subjected to shear degradation in melt processing equipment. The degree of mixing of each component of the blend is more intimate.
  • the process comprises contacting monomers including ethylene and propylene with a catalyst system in a first polymerization zone, thereby forming a mixture that includes the propylene copolymers, said first propylene copolymer having an ethylene content of about 15 to about 20 wt%; polymerizing in a second polymerization zone by contacting a second monomer system and a second catalyst system capable of providing propylene copolymer, said second propylene copolymer having an ethylene content of about 6 to about 10 wt%.
  • the said second catalyst is different from the first catalyst system.
  • two reactors are configured such that monomers, catalyst(s) and solvent are fed independently to each reactor.
  • the first and second polymerizations are preferably taking place simultaneously in a parallel process.
  • the molecular weight characteristics (e.g., Mw, Mn, etc.) of the propylene-olefin copolymer and also of the individual-propylene copolymer components can in certain circumstances be adjusted depending upon the desired properties of the propylene-olefin copolymer. Those molecular weight characteristics are described elsewhere herein.
  • the molecular weight characteristics of each polymer can be set by choosing the reactor temperature, monomer concentration, and by optionally adding chain transfer agents such as hydrogen.
  • chain transfer agents such as hydrogen.
  • molecular weight can generally be lowered by increasing reaction temperatures, and raised by increasing monomer concentrations.
  • the propylene olefin copolymer may be used to prepare nonwoven elastic articles.
  • the nonwoven products described above may be used in articles such as hygiene products, including, but not limited to, diapers, feminine care products, and adult incontinent products.
  • the nonwoven products may also be used in medical products such as a sterile wrap, isolation gowns, operating room gowns, surgical gowns, surgical drapes, first aid dressings, and other disposable items.
  • the nonwoven products may be useful as facing layers for medical gowns, and allow for extensibility in the elbow area of the gown.
  • the nonwoven products may also be useful in disposable protective clothing, and may add toughness to elbow and knee regions of such clothing.
  • the nonwoven products may also be useful as protective wrapping, packaging, or wound care.
  • the nonwoven products may also be useful in geotextile applications, as the fabric may have improved puncture resistance in that the fabric will deform instead of puncture. See U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/81529 and U.S. Patent No. 7,319,077.
  • the propylene olefin copolymer may also be suitable for use in an elastic films, as described in U.S. Patent No. 6,500,563; blow films, as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/94027; and cast-films, as described in U.S. Patent No. 7,655,317.
  • the nonwoven elastic article has a basis weight in the range of about 5 to about 100 gsm, preferably 15 to 75 gsm, preferably 20 to 50 gsm.
  • the nonwoven elastic article is a film having a gauge in the range of about 5 to about 100 ⁇ , preferably 15 to 75 ⁇ , preferably 20 to 50 ⁇ .
  • the propylene olefin copolymer has suitable elastic properties for use in nonwoven articles, including low tension set, top load, and hysteresis, and high retractive force.
  • the method of measurement for evaluating these elastic properties is described in the Examples section below.
  • the tension set of the copolymer is less than about 25%, preferably less than about 20%, most preferably less than about 15%.
  • the top load of the copolymer is less than about 15 N, preferably less than about 10 N, most preferably less than about 8 N.
  • the retractive force is greater than about 1 N, preferably greater than about 2 N, and most preferably greater than about 3.5 N.
  • the hysteresis of the copolymer is less than about 45%, preferably less than about 40%, most preferably less than about 35%.
  • the copolymer of the invention has at least one of the above-mentioned properties. In an embodiment, the copolymer of the invention has one or more of the above-mentioned properties, in any combination thereof.
  • CEl is a reactor blended propylene -based elastomer where the major component has 16 wt% ethylene content and 3 MFR (Mw of 240,000 g/mol) and the minor component has 4 wt% ethylene and 8 MFR (Mw of 195,000 g/mol). Both the first and second components of CEl have an rlr2 of about 0.8 to about 0.9.
  • CEl is made in a reactor using C2-symmetric metallocene catalyst of dimethylsilyl bis(indenyl) hafnium dimethyl precursor activated by dimethylanilinium tetrakis(heptafluoronaphthyl) borate. CEl was selected as the comparable example for its good elasticity.
  • El is a solution blend of 80 wt% component (i) (propylene-ethylene copolymer having 15.7 wt% ethylene content and a weight average molecular weight of 531,000 g/mol) and 20 wt% component (ii) (propylene-ethylene copolymer having 9.8 wt% ethylene content and a weight average molecular weight of 22,000 g/mol). 8 grams of component (i) and 2 grams of component (ii) were placed in a 500 mL round bottom flask. 400 mL of xylene and a magnetic stirrer was added to the flask. The flask was placed on an IKA hot plate with a stirrer, set at a stir rate of 250 rpm.
  • the solution was stirred for 14-16 hours after which the temperature was raised to 130°C and the solution was stirred at this temperature for an additional 6 hours. The stir rate was raised to 800 rpm for the final 5 minutes.
  • the hot solution was then poured into a large glass evaporation dish. The flask was washed with 30- 40 mL of hot xylene three times and the wash was added to the evaporating dish. The solution was cooled for an hour at room temperature in a general purpose hood. The dish was then placed in a vacuum oven with nitrogen purge and a solvent trap. The oven was set at 50°C and the solution was dried under vacuum for 48 hours.
  • El component (i) was polymerized using a CI symmetric 2,6-diisopropyl-N-((6- (2-((o-tolylamido)methyl)naphthalen- 1 -yl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)anilidohafnium dimethyl precursor activated by dimethylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate. Polymerizations were carried out in a continuous stirred tank reactor system. A 1 -liter Autoclave reactor was equipped with a stirrer, a pressure controller, and a water cooling/steam heating element with a temperature controller.
  • the reactor was operated in liquid fill condition at a reactor pressure in excess of the bubbling point pressure of the reactant mixture, keeping the reactants in liquid phase. All feeds (solvent and monomers) were pumped into the reactors by Pulsa feed pumps and the flow rates were controlled using Coriolis mass flow controller (Quantim series from Brooks) except for the ethylene, which flowed as a gas under its own pressure through a Brooks flow controller. Similarly, H2 feed was controlled using a Brooks flow controller. Ethylene, H2 and propylene feeds were combined into one stream and then mixed with a pre- chilled isohexane stream that had been cooled to at least 0°C. The mixture was then fed to the reactor through a single line. Scavenger solution was added to the combined solvent and monomer stream just before it entered the reactor to further reduce any catalyst poisons. Similarly, catalyst solution was fed to the reactor using an ISCO syringe pump through a separated line.
  • Isohexane used as solvent
  • monomers e.g., ethylene and propylene
  • Toluene for preparing catalyst solutions was purified by the same technique.
  • the polymer produced in the reactor exited through a back pressure control valve that reduced the pressure to atmospheric. This caused the unconverted monomers in the solution to flash into a vapor phase which was vented from the top of a vapor liquid separator.
  • the liquid phase comprising mainly polymer and solvent, was collected for polymer recovery.
  • the collected samples were first air-dried in a hood to evaporate most of the solvent, and then dried in a vacuum oven at a temperature of about 90 °C for about 12 hours. The vacuum oven dried samples were weighed to obtain yields.
  • the scavenger feed rate was adjusted to optimize the catalyst efficiency and the feed rate varied from 0 (no scavenger) to 15 ⁇ / ⁇ .
  • the catalyst feed rates may also be adjusted according to the level of impurities in the system to reach the targeted conversions listed. All the reactions were carried out at a pressure of about 2.4 MPa/g unless otherwise mentioned.
  • the reaction temperature was 70°C with feed rates of 14 g/min for propylene, 0.9 g/min for ethylene, 2.41 ml/min for 3 ⁇ 4, and 56.7 g/min for isohexane.
  • the overall conversion was 32.9 wt%.
  • El component (ii) was polymerized using a C2-symmetric metallocene catalyst of dimethylsilyl bis(indenyl) hafnium dimethyl precursor activated by dimethylanilinium tetrakis(heptafluorophenyl) borate.
  • This material was also made in a continuous stirred tank reactor by following the same procedure as used for El component (i), except that a 1-liter Autoclave reactor was used.
  • the catalyst was pre-activated with the activator at a molar ratio of about 1 : 1 in 900 mL of toluene. All catalyst solutions were kept in an inert atmosphere and fed into reactors using an ISCO syringe pump.
  • TNOAL solution was further diluted in isohexane and used as a scavenger. Scavenger feed rate was adjusted to maximize the catalyst efficiency.
  • the reaction was carried out at a temperature of 115°C, propylene feed rate of 14.58 g/min, an ethylene feed rate of 1 g/min, and isohexane feed rate of 59.4 g/min.
  • the overall conversion was 55.5 wt%.
  • E2 is a blend of 80 wt% of component (i) (propylene-ethylene copolymer having 20.2 wt% ethylene and a weight average molecular weight of 717,000 g/mol) and 20 wt% of component (ii) (propylene-ethylene copolymer having 9.8 wt% ethylene and a weight average molecular weight of 22,000 g/mol). 8 grams of component (i) and 2 grams of component (ii) were placed in a 500mL round bottom flask. 400 mL of xylene was added to the flask, with a magnetic stirrer. The flask was placed on an IKA hot plate and the stirrer was set at a 250 rpm stir rate.
  • the solution was stirred for 14-16 hours after which the temperature was raised to 130°C and the solution was stirred at this temperature for 6 additional hours. The stir rate was raised to 800 rpm for the final 5 minutes.
  • the hot solution was then poured into a large glass evaporation dish. The flask was washed with about 30- 40mL of hot xylene three times and the wash added to the evaporating dish. The solution was cooled for an hour at room temperature in a general purpose hood. The dish was then placed in a vacuum oven with nitrogen purge and a solvent trap. The oven was set at 50°C and the solution was dried under vacuum for 48 hours.
  • E2 component (i) was polymerized by following the same procedure as used for El component (i), described above. The polymerization reaction was carried out at a temperature of 70°C, a propylene feed rate of 14 g/min, ethylene feed rate of 0.9 g/min, H 2 feed rate of 2.41 scc/min (H 2 was diluted with N 2 ) and isohexane feed rate of 56.7 g/min. The overall conversion was 27.5 wt%.
  • E2 component (ii) is the same as El component (ii).
  • E3 is a blend of 80 wt% of component (i) (propylene-ethylene copolymer with 16.0 wt% ethylene and a weight average molecular weight of 686,000 g/mol) and 20 wt% of component (ii) (propylene-ethylene copolymer with 9.8 wt% ethylene and a weight average molecular weight of 22,000 g/mol). 8 grams of component (i) and 2 grams of component (ii) were placed in a 500 mL round bottom flask. 400 mL of xylene was added to the flask with a magnetic stirrer. The flask was placed on an IKA hot plate and stirrer, set at a 250 rpm stir rate.
  • the solution was allowed to stir for 14-16 hours after which the temperature was raised to 130°C and the solution was stirred at this temperature for 6 additional hours. The stir rate was raised to 800 rpm for the final 5 minutes.
  • the hot solution was then poured into a large glass evaporation dish. The flask was washed with about 30-40 mL of hot xylene three times and the wash added to the evaporating dish. The solution was cooled for an hour at room temperature in a general purpose hood. The dish was then placed in a vacuum oven with nitrogen purge and a solvent trap. The oven was set at 50°C and the solution was dried under vacuum for 48 hours.
  • E3 component (i) was polymerized by following the same procedure as used for El component (i). The reaction was carried out at a temperature of 85°C, propylene feed rate of 14 g/min, ethylene feed rate of 0.9 g/min and isohexane feed rate of 56.7 g/min. The overall conversion was 31.8 wt%.
  • E3 component (ii) is identical to El component (ii).
  • a Fontijne melt vacuum press was used to mold a 2mm thick plaque of each sample. The temperature was ramped up to 190°C and held for 5 minutes followed by 5 minutes under compression before cooling to room temperature. ASTM type 3 dog bones were punched simultaneously using a gang die and clicker press. The sample was aged for a minimum of 7 days after molding before tests were performed, to ensure that the samples which slowly crystallize arrive at their final crystallinity. An Instron tensile tester was used for the mechanical tests. The sample was placed in the grips with a 35mm grip separation. Slack was manually removed so that the reading on the instrument registered a positive tensile force before starting the test. The sample was stretched to a 100% extension at 100 mm/min. The crosshead returned to 0% extension. The cycle was repeated. The elasticity, top load, permanent set, hysteresis, averaged over measurements are reported in Table 2 during the first and second cycles of loading.
  • All three bimodal blends (El, E2 and E3) have favorably lower set, top load, and hysteresis as compared to CE1.
  • the sample was held at that temperature for a period of 10 min, before undergoing a rapid quench (50°C/min) to bring the sample back to room temperature. It is at this moment in the procedure that each pan (for each sample) was to be held for a specific tc value.
  • the second melt (10°C/min to 200°C) was performed. The second melt establishes the degree at which the samples melt, based upon the crystallinity from the isotherms held at room temperature.
  • the Figure shows the enhanced crystallization kinetics of blended materials, El and E3, over the comparative example CE1.
  • the DSC data show the overall heat flow on the second melt, that is, after crystallizing at room temperature for a given time (tc). The greater the heat flow, the higher the crystallinity.
  • El and E3 show an enhanced nucleation effect in crystallinity: after 20 minutes, greater crystallinity were achieved (as measured from 2 nd melt after holding at room temperature at 20 mins). After about 90 minutes, El and E3 achieved substantially higher crystallinity than CE1. Faster crystallization in such materials is known to aid pellet stability.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition comprenant 70 % en poids à 90 % en poids d'un premier composant d'un copolymère de propylène-oléfine présentant une teneur en éthylène variant de 15 à 21 % en poids ; et 10 % en poids à 30 % en poids d'un second composant d'un copolymère de propylène-oléfine présentant une teneur en éthylène variant de 6 à 10 % en poids ; le poids moléculaire moyen en poids du premier composant étant de 250 000 à 1 780 000 g/mol supérieur au poids moléculaire moyen en poids du second composant ; le produit des rapports de réactivité du premier composant étant inférieur à 0,75 ; et le produit des rapports de réactivité du second composant étant supérieur ou égal à 0,75.
PCT/US2017/042342 2016-08-15 2017-07-17 Copolymères de propylène-oléfine et leurs procédés de fabrication WO2018034759A1 (fr)

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