WO2018032543A1 - 一种带偏振钎杆的破碎锤 - Google Patents

一种带偏振钎杆的破碎锤 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018032543A1
WO2018032543A1 PCT/CN2016/097918 CN2016097918W WO2018032543A1 WO 2018032543 A1 WO2018032543 A1 WO 2018032543A1 CN 2016097918 W CN2016097918 W CN 2016097918W WO 2018032543 A1 WO2018032543 A1 WO 2018032543A1
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Prior art keywords
drill rod
ring
rod
spring
drill
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PCT/CN2016/097918
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李建尧
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李建尧
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Publication of WO2018032543A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018032543A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/30—Auxiliary apparatus, e.g. for thawing, cracking, blowing-up, or other preparatory treatment of the soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/96—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements
    • E02F3/966—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements of hammer-type tools

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of breakers, in particular to a breaker with a polarized drill rod.
  • the drill rod of the breaker can only move up and down in the rod sleeve.
  • the broken stone will hinder the rod from hitting the object, and the up and down movement of the rod cannot clean the broken stone when rock or
  • the impact will continue to cause the front body and the main body screws to be loose and damaged, resulting in the failure to further the crushing and, in severe cases, the construction machinery. If the crushing rod is used to shake the broken stone during the crushing operation, the main screw and the drill rod may be broken.
  • the present invention contemplates a breaker with a polarized drill rod to solve the above problems.
  • the present invention discloses a breaker with a polarized drill rod, which is realized by the following technical solutions.
  • a breaker with a polarized drill rod characterized in that it comprises a first drill rod, a straight rod of a drill rod, a polarization motor, a motor support, a reducer, a polarization gear, a second drill rod, a fixing ring, a bracket, a drill rod Expansion sleeve, ring rail, universal joint, annular swivel, swivel groove, sliding bearing, swivel card slot, universal ring, first spring support, second spring support, drill rod spring, reciprocating hole, wherein brazing The bottom end of the straight sleeve of the rod is connected with the top end of the drill rod expansion sleeve, and the fixing ring is installed at the joint of the straight rod sleeve and the drill rod expansion sleeve, and the outer circumference of the drill rod expansion sleeve is evenly distributed with three brackets, and the three brackets are identical For any one bracket, one end is mounted on the outer edge surface of the fixing ring,
  • the reducer is mounted on the side of the drill rod expansion sleeve, and the bottom end of the reducer is provided with a polarization gear, and a rotating ring groove is formed on the inner edge surface of the ring rail, and the upper and lower sides of the annular rotating ring are symmetrically opened with a swivel card slot and external There are external teeth on the edge surface, and the circular ring slides on the rotation.
  • the ring rail has a notch, and the polarization gear is located at the notch of the ring rail to mesh with the outer surface of the annular swivel; the bottom end of the first drill rod and the top end of the second drill rod are connected by a universal joint, the first brazing
  • the rod is mounted inside the straight sleeve of the drill rod, and the drill rod is symmetrically opened with two reciprocating holes, and the two first spring supports are symmetrically mounted on the outside of the straight sleeve of the drill rod; the two second spring supports are symmetrically mounted on the first a drill rod and two second spring supports respectively project from the two reciprocating holes;
  • the drill rod spring is installed between the first spring support and the second spring support; the second drill rod is mounted with a universal ring, 10,000
  • the ring is mounted on the inner peripheral surface of the annular swivel by a sliding bearing.
  • the universal joint ring includes a first rotating shaft, a drill rod retaining ring, a first ring, a second rotating shaft and a second ring, wherein the second drill rod is mounted with a drill rod snap ring, and the first ring passes through two symmetrically distributed first
  • the rotating shaft is mounted on the drill rod snap ring
  • the second ring is mounted on the first ring by two symmetrically distributed second rotating shafts, the first ring, the second ring and the drill rod retaining ring are concentrically mounted and the two first rotating shaft axes are
  • the two second shaft axes are perpendicular; the second ring is mounted on the inner edge surface of the sliding bearing.
  • the polarization motor can rotate the polarization gear, and the annular rotating ring rotates in the ring rail through the meshing of the polarization gear and the annular rotating ring, and the drill rod snap ring in the universal ring can rotate around the first rotating shaft, the first ring It can rotate around the second rotating shaft; the annular rotating ring has an eccentric circular hole.
  • the circular rotating ring rotates, the universal ring installed in the eccentric circular hole through the sliding bearing will be eccentrically oscillated to drive the drill rod in the universal ring
  • the second drill rod in the snap ring is eccentrically swinged.
  • the second drill rod is connected with the first drill rod, and the first drill rod and the second drill rod are unable to rotate around the axis thereof, so the second drill rod is connected with the second drill rod.
  • the drill rod snap ring and the universal joint ring in the universal ring are also not rotated, so the sliding bearing is designed to connect the rotating annular swivel and the non-rotating universal joint; in addition, the top end of the second drill rod is connected In the universal joint, during the eccentric oscillation of the second drill rod, a certain angle is formed between the first drill rod and the second drill rod, and the eccentric swing amplitude of the second drill rod is related to the eccentricity of the eccentric hole of the annular rotary ring.
  • the first drill rod moves up and down in the straight sleeve of the drill rod by the action of the hammer impact mechanism, wherein the second spring supports the reciprocating motion in the reciprocating hole, and the drill rod spring performs the telescopic movement, and the first drill rod is in the During the movement, the second drill rod is moved up and down by the universal joint, and the second drill rod is eccentrically moved by the circular rotating ring.
  • the power mechanism of the invention is the same as the power mechanism of the breaker in the conventional technology, the first drill rod is subjected to the downward movement of the force, and the second drill rod is driven to move the impact object downward, and the second drill rod can be expanded in the drill rod.
  • the sleeve is eccentrically oscillated by the eccentric hole of the annular swivel, and the up and down movement of the second drill rod and the eccentric hole constraint of the annular swivel are coordinated by the universal ring.
  • the second drill rod can crush the object while cleaning the object that has been crushed, and then is moved upward by the pulling force of the drill rod spring, so that the drill rod continuously hits the object.
  • the speed reducer of the present invention can function to reduce the rotational speed and increase the torque between the polarization motor and the polarization gear.
  • it further includes a first spring strut mounted on a lower side of the first spring support, a second spring strut mounted on an upper side of the second spring support, and a drill rod
  • a spring is mounted between the first spring support and the second spring support by a first spring strut and a second spring strut. The two springs are supported on the same line for easy spring installation.
  • the above-mentioned polarization motor is located between two brackets, and the motor support is mounted on the fixing ring at a position intermediate the two brackets.
  • the notch on the ring rail is also located between the two brackets, ensuring that the polarization gear can mesh with the annular swivel.
  • the drill head of the second drill rod may be a pointed head, a bald head, or a flat head.
  • the impact mechanism of the first drill rod described above may be a conventional method such as hydraulic drive, hydraulic pressure, and nitrogen hybrid drive.
  • the straight rod of the drill rod is connected with the expansion rod of the drill rod, the first drill rod and the second drill rod are connected by a universal joint;
  • the first drill rod is installed inside the straight sleeve of the drill rod,
  • the second drill rod is installed in the universal ring, and the universal ring is mounted on the inner edge surface of the annular rotating ring through the sliding bearing;
  • the polarization motor and the polarization gear can rotate the circular rotating ring to generate polarization, and pass through the circular rotating ring and the universal ring
  • the cooperation of the second drill rod swings in the drill rod expansion sleeve;
  • the invention has a simple structure, and the second drill rod can be eccentrically oscillated by the annular swivel ring and the universal joint ring, and the broken object is oscillated by the second drill rod. Separating the fracture points, so that the fracture point has a better field of view, has a better practical effect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the overall component distribution.
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the overall structure.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view showing the installation of a polarization motor and a polarization gear.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the structure of the drill rod sleeve.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the drill rod installation.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the installation of the fixing ring and the bracket.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the gimbal ring.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the installation of the universal ring and the annular swivel.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the ring track.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the annular swivel.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of the annular swivel structure.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the universal joint ring.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 it comprises a first drill rod 1, a straight rod set 2, a polarization motor 3, a motor support 4, a speed reducer 5, a polarization gear 6, a second drill rod 7, a fixing ring 12, and a bracket 13. , drill rod expansion sleeve 14, ring rail 15, universal joint 18, annular swivel 19, swivel groove 20, sliding bearing 26, swivel card slot 27, universal ring 28, first spring support 8, second The spring support 10, the drill rod spring 9, and the reciprocating hole 11, wherein as shown in Figs.
  • the bottom end of the drill rod straight sleeve 2 is connected to the top end of the drill rod expansion sleeve 14, and the fixing ring 12 is mounted on the drill rod straight sleeve 2
  • the outer circumference of the drill rod expansion sleeve 14 is uniformly distributed with three brackets 13, and the three brackets 13 are completely identical.
  • one end thereof is mounted on the outer peripheral surface of the fixing ring 12.
  • the other end is mounted on the upper side of the ring rail 15; the polarization motor 3 is mounted on the fixing ring 12 via the motor support 4, the lower end of the polarization motor 3 is mounted with a speed reducer 5, and the speed reducer 5 is mounted on the side of the drill rod expansion sleeve 14.
  • the bottom end of the speed reducer 5 is mounted with a polarization gear 6.
  • a ring groove 20 is formed on the inner edge surface of the ring rail 15, as shown in FIGS.
  • the ring swivel 19 is The upper and lower sides are symmetrically opened with the swivel card slot 27 and the outer edge surface has external teeth, and the annular swivel 19 slides in the swivel groove 20, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the ring rail 15 has a gap.
  • the polarization gear 6 is located at the notch of the ring rail 15 and meshes with the outer edge of the annular swivel 19; as shown in FIG. 5, the bottom end of the first drill rod 1 and the top end of the second drill rod 7 are connected by a universal joint 18, first The drill rod 1 is installed inside the straight sleeve 2 of the drill rod. As shown in Figs.
  • two straight reciprocating holes 11 are symmetrically opened on the straight sleeve 2 of the drill rod, and the two first spring supports 8 are symmetrically mounted on the straight rod.
  • the outer side of the sleeve 2; the two second spring supports 10 are symmetrically mounted on the first drill rod 1 and the two second spring supports 10 respectively protrude from the two reciprocating holes 11;
  • the drill rod spring 9 is mounted on the first spring support 8 and the second spring support 10;
  • a second gimbal 28 is mounted on the second drill rod 7, and the gimbal 28 is mounted on the inner peripheral surface of the annular swivel 19 by a sliding bearing 26.
  • the universal joint 28 includes a first rotating shaft 21, a drill rod retaining ring 22, a first ring 23, a second rotating shaft 24, and a second ring 25, wherein the second drill rod 7 is mounted thereon.
  • a drill rod snap ring 22 the first ring 23 is mounted on the drill rod snap ring 22 by two symmetrically distributed first rotating shafts 21, and the second ring 25 is mounted on the first ring 23 by two symmetrically distributed second rotating shafts 24.
  • the first ring 23, the second ring 25 and the drill rod clasp 22 are concentrically mounted and the two first shafts 21 are perpendicular to the axes of the two second shafts 24; the second ring 25 is mounted on the inner surface of the sliding bearing 26. on.
  • the polarization motor 3 can rotate the polarization gear 6, and the annular swivel 19 is rotated in the ring rail 15 by the engagement of the polarization gear 6 and the annular swivel 19, and the drill rod ring 22 in the universal ring 28 can be wound.
  • the first rotating shaft 21 rotates, the first ring 23 can rotate about the second rotating shaft 24; the annular rotating ring 19 has an eccentric circular hole, and when the annular rotating ring 19 rotates, the universal ring is installed in the eccentric circular hole through the sliding bearing 26. 28 will be eccentrically oscillated to drive the second drill rod 7 in the drill collar 22 in the universal ring 28 to eccentrically swing.
  • the second drill rod 7 is connected with the first drill rod 1, the first drill rod 1
  • the second drill rod 7 is not rotatable about its own axis, so the drill rod snap ring 22 and the universal joint ring 28 in the gimbal ring 28 connected to the second drill rod 7 are also not rotated, so the design of the sliding bearing 26 for connecting the rotating annular swivel 19 and the non-rotating gimbal 28; in addition, the top end of the second drill rod 7 is connected to the universal joint 18, during the eccentric swing of the second drill rod 7, the first brazing A certain angle is formed between the rod 1 and the second drill rod 7, and the eccentric swing amplitude of the second drill rod 7 is offset from the annular swivel 19 Heart hole eccentricity is related.
  • the first drill rod 1 is moved up and down by the hammer impact mechanism in the straight sleeve 2, wherein the second spring support 10 reciprocates in the reciprocating hole 11, and the drill rod spring 9 performs telescopic movement.
  • the first drill rod 1 drives the second drill rod 7 to move up and down by the universal joint 18 during the movement, and is eccentrically moved by the second drill rod 7 under the action of the annular rotating ring 19.
  • the power mechanism of the present invention is the same as the power mechanism of the breaker in the conventional art, the first drill rod 1 is moved downward by the force, and the second drill rod 7 is driven to move the impact object downward, and the second drill rod 7 can be
  • the drill rod expansion sleeve 14 is eccentrically oscillated by the eccentric hole of the annular rotary ring 19, and the up and down movement of the second drill rod 7 and the eccentric hole constraint of the annular rotary ring 19 are coordinated by the universal joint 28 to coordinate with each other.
  • Such a design can clean the crushed object while crushing the object during the crushing process, and then move upward by the pulling force of the drill rod spring 9, so that the drill rod continuously hits the object.
  • the speed reducer 5 in the present invention can function to reduce the rotational speed and increase the torque between the polarization motor 3 and the polarization gear 6.
  • the polarization motor 3 is started, the speed is matched by the speed reducer 5, the polarization gear 6 is rotated, and the polarization gear 6 meshes with the external teeth of the annular swivel 19 to drive the annular swivel 19 to rotate at a certain speed, so that the second brazing
  • the rod 7 is eccentrically oscillated at a certain speed.
  • the second drill rod 7 is eccentrically oscillated while moving up and down.
  • the polarization motor 3 and the striking mechanism are stopped, and the swing speed of the second drill rod 7 is slowed down to zero, and the up and down motion is stopped.
  • FIG. 2 it further includes a first spring strut 16, which is mounted on the lower side of the first spring support 8, and a second spring strut 17 mounted on the second spring support 10.
  • Upper side; the drill rod spring 9 is mounted between the first spring support 8 and the second spring support 10 by a first spring strut 16 and a second spring strut 17. The two springs are supported on the same line for easy spring installation.
  • the above-mentioned polarization motor 3 is located between the two brackets 13, and the motor support 4 is mounted on the fixing ring 12 at a position intermediate the two brackets 13.
  • the notch on the ring rail 15 is also located between the two brackets 13, ensuring that the polarization gear 6 can mesh with the annular swivel 19.
  • the drill head of the second drill rod 7 may be a pointed head, a bald head, or a flat head.
  • the impact mechanism of the first drill rod 1 described above may be a conventional method such as hydraulic drive, hydraulic pressure, and nitrogen mixed drive.
  • the straight rod 2 of the present invention is connected to the drill rod expansion sleeve 14, the first drill rod 1 and the second drill rod 7 are connected by a universal joint 18; the first drill rod 1 is mounted on the straight rod of the drill rod 2, the second drill rod 7 is mounted in the universal joint 28, and the universal joint 28 is mounted on the inner peripheral surface of the annular swivel 19 via the sliding bearing 26; the polarization motor 3 and the polarization gear 6 can rotate the annular swivel 19, Polarization is generated, and the second drill rod 7 is rotated in the drill rod expander 14 by the cooperation of the annular swivel 19 and the universal joint 28; the present invention has a simple structure, and the second swivel can be made by the annular swivel 19 and the universal joint 28 The rod 7 is eccentrically rotated, and the broken object is separated from the broken point by the oscillating motion of the second drill rod 7, so that the broken point has a better field of view and has better practical effects.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)

Abstract

一种带偏振钎杆的破碎锤，包括偏振电机（3）、减速器（4）、偏振齿轮（6）、第一钎杆（1）、第二钎杆（7）、钎杆直套（2）、钎杆扩套（14）、万向节（18）、万向环（28）、环形转环（19）等，其中钎杆直套（2）与钎杆扩套（14）相连接，第一钎杆（1）与第二钎杆（7）通过万向节（18）连接；第一钎杆（1）安装在钎杆直套（2）内部，第二钎杆（7）安装在万向环（28）内，万向环（28）通过滑动轴承（26）安装在环形转环（19）内缘面上；偏振电机（3）和偏振齿轮（6）可以使环形转环（19）转动，产生偏振，通过环形转环（19）和万向环（28）的配合带动第二钎杆（7）在钎杆扩套（14）中摆动；带偏振钎杆的破碎锤结构简单，利用环形转环（19）和万向环（28）可以使第二钎杆（7）偏心摆动，将经过破碎的物体被第二钎杆（7）的摆动运动分离破碎点，使破碎点具有较好的视野，具有较好的实用效果。

Description

一种带偏振钎杆的破碎锤 所属技术领域
本发明属于破碎锤技术领域，尤其涉及一种带偏振钎杆的破碎锤。
背景技术
目前破碎锤的钎杆只能在钎杆套中上下运动，在操作过程中，已破碎的石块会阻碍钎杆撞击物体，而钎杆上下运动无法将已破碎的石块清理，当岩石或目标物已击碎时，再继续撞击会造成前体及主体螺丝松动及受损，导致破碎无法进一步进行，严重的情况下还会损及工程机械体。如果在破碎作业进行时，企图将钎杆摇晃使用以清理破碎的石块，主体螺丝与钎杆将有破裂的可能。
本发明设计一种带偏振钎杆的破碎锤解决如上问题。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中的上述缺陷，本发明公开一种带偏振钎杆的破碎锤，它是采用以下技术方案来实现的。
一种带偏振钎杆的破碎锤，其特征在于：它包括第一钎杆、钎杆直套、偏振电机、电机支撑、减速器、偏振齿轮、第二钎杆、固定环、支架、钎杆扩套、环轨、万向节、环形转环、转环凹槽、滑动轴承、转环卡槽、万向环、第一弹簧支撑、第二弹簧支撑、钎杆弹簧、往复孔，其中钎杆直套的底端与钎杆扩套的顶端连接，固定环安装在钎杆直套和钎杆扩套的连接处，钎杆扩套的外部周向均匀分布有三根支架，三根支架完全相同，对于任意一根支架，它的一端安装在固定环外缘面上，另一端安装在环轨的上侧；偏振电机通过电机支撑安装在固定环上，偏振电机的底端安装有减速器，减速器安装在钎杆扩套侧面，减速器的底端安装有偏振齿轮，环轨内缘面上开有转环凹槽，环形转环的上下两侧对称地开有转环卡槽且外缘面上具有外齿，环形转环滑动于转环凹槽中，环轨上有一段缺口，偏振齿轮位于环轨的缺口处与环形转环外缘齿面相啮合；第一钎杆底端与第二钎杆顶端通过万向节连接，第一钎杆安装在钎杆直套内部，钎杆直套上对称地开有两个往复孔，两个第一弹簧支撑对称地安装在钎杆直套外侧；两个第二弹簧支撑对称地安装在第一钎杆上且两个第二弹簧支撑分别从两个往复孔中伸出；钎杆弹簧安装在第一弹簧支撑和第二弹簧支撑之间；第二钎杆上安装有万向环，万向环通过滑动轴承安装在环形转环内缘面上。
上述万向环包括第一转轴、钎杆卡环、第一环、第二转轴、第二环，其中第二钎杆上安装有钎杆卡环，第一环通过两个对称分布的第一转轴安装在钎杆卡环上，第二环通过两个对称分布的第二转轴安装在第一环上，第一环、第二环和钎杆卡环同心安装且两个第一转轴轴线与两个第二转轴轴线垂直；第二环安装在滑动轴承的内缘面上。
本发明中，偏振电机可以使偏振齿轮转动，通过偏振齿轮和环形转环的啮合使环形转环在环轨中转动，万向环中的钎杆卡环可以绕第一转轴转动，第一环可以绕第二转轴转动；环形转环中具有偏心圆孔，当环形转环转动时，通过滑动轴承安装在偏心圆孔中的万向环将会做偏心摆动，带动在万向环中钎杆卡环中的第二钎杆做偏心摆动，设计中第二钎杆与第一钎杆连接，第一钎杆与第二钎杆是无法围绕自身轴线旋转的，所以与第二钎杆连接的万向环中的钎杆卡环以及万向环也是不会发生旋转的，所以设计滑动轴承用于连接旋转的环形转环和没有旋转的万向环；另外，第二钎杆的顶端连接在万向节上，在第二钎杆偏心摆动过程中，第一钎杆和第二钎杆之间构成一定的角度，第二钎杆的偏心摆动幅度与环形转环偏心孔偏心度有关。在运行中，第一钎杆在钎杆直套中受到破碎锤撞击机构的作用而上下运动，其中第二弹簧支撑在往复孔中做往复运动，钎杆弹簧做伸缩运动，第一钎杆在运动过程中通过万向节带动第二钎杆上下运动，通过第二钎杆在环形转环作用下偏心运动。
本发明中的动力机构与常规技术中破碎锤的动力机构相同，第一钎杆受到力的作用向下运动，同时带动第二钎杆向下运动冲击物体，第二钎杆可以在钎杆扩套中受环形转环偏心孔的约束而发生偏心摆动，第二钎杆上下运动与环形转环的偏心孔约束通过万向环作用而相互协调在一起。这样的设计在破碎的过程中第二钎杆能够破碎物体的同时清理已被击碎的物体，然后受到钎杆弹簧的拉力作用向上运动，如此反复进行，使钎杆不断撞击物体。本发明中的减速器可以在偏振电机和偏振齿轮之间起降低转速和增大转矩的作用。
作为本技术的进一步改进，它还包括第一弹簧支柱、第二弹簧支柱，第一弹簧支柱安装在第一弹簧支撑的下侧，第二弹簧支柱安装在第二弹簧支撑的上侧；钎杆弹簧通过第一弹簧支柱和第二弹簧支柱安装在第一弹簧支撑和第二弹簧支撑之间。两个弹簧支撑在同一直线上，方便弹簧安装。
作为本技术的进一步改进，上述偏振电机位于两根支架之间，电机支撑安装在固定环上位于两根支架中间的位置。环轨上的缺口也位于两根支架之间，保证了偏振齿轮可以和环形转环相啮合。
作为本技术的进一步改进，上述第二钎杆的钎杆头可以为尖头、秃头、扁头。
作为本技术的进一步改进，上述第一钎杆的撞击机构可以为液压驱动、液压和氮气混合驱动等常规方法。
相对于传统的破碎锤技术，本发明中钎杆直套与钎杆扩套相连接，第一钎杆与第二钎杆通过万向节连接；第一钎杆安装在钎杆直套内部，第二钎杆安装在万向环内，万向环通过滑动轴承安装在环形转环内缘面上；偏振电机和偏振齿轮可以使环形转环转动，产生偏振，通过环形转环和万向环的配合带动第二钎杆在钎杆扩套中摆动；本发明结构简单，利用环形转环和万向环可以使第二钎杆偏心摆动，将经过破碎的物体被第二钎杆的摆动运动分离破碎点，使破碎点具有较好的视野，具有较好的实用效果。
附图说明
图1是整体部件分布示意图。
图2是整体结构侧视图。
图3是偏振电机、偏振齿轮安装示意图。
图4是钎杆套结构透视图。
图5是钎杆安装示意图。
图6是固定环、支架安装示意图。
图7是万向环剖视图。
图8是万向环、环形转环安装示意图。
图9是环轨结构示意图。
图10是环形转环剖视图。
图11是环形转环结构示意图。
图12是万向环结构示意图。
图中标号名称：1、第一钎杆，2、钎杆直套，3、偏振电机，4、电机支撑，5、减速器，6、偏振齿轮，7、第二钎杆，8、第一弹簧支撑，9、钎杆弹簧，10、第二弹簧支撑，11、往复孔，12、固定环，13、支架，14、钎杆扩套，15、环轨， 16、第一弹簧支柱，17、第二弹簧支柱，18、万向节，19、环形转环，20、转环凹槽，21、第一转轴，22、钎杆卡环，23、第一环，24、第二转轴，25、第二环，26、滑动轴承，27、转环卡槽，28、万向环。
具体实施方式
如图1、2所示，它包括第一钎杆1、钎杆直套2、偏振电机3、电机支撑4、减速器5、偏振齿轮6、第二钎杆7、固定环12、支架13、钎杆扩套14、环轨15、万向节18、环形转环19、转环凹槽20、滑动轴承26、转环卡槽27、万向环28、第一弹簧支撑8、第二弹簧支撑10、钎杆弹簧9、往复孔11，其中如图3、4所示，钎杆直套2的底端与钎杆扩套14的顶端连接，固定环12安装在钎杆直套2和钎杆扩套14的连接处，钎杆扩套14的外部周向均匀分布有三根支架13，三根支架13完全相同，对于任意一根支架13，它的一端安装在固定环12外缘面上，另一端安装在环轨15的上侧；偏振电机3通过电机支撑4安装在固定环12上，偏振电机3的底端安装有减速器5，减速器5安装在钎杆扩套14侧面，减速器5的底端安装有偏振齿轮6，如图9所示，环轨15内缘面上开有转环凹槽20，如图10、11所示，环形转环19的上下两侧对称地开有转环卡槽27且外缘面上具有外齿，环形转环19滑动于转环凹槽20中，如图6、7所示，环轨15上有一段缺口，偏振齿轮6位于环轨15的缺口处与环形转环19外缘齿面相啮合；如图5所示，第一钎杆1底端与第二钎杆7顶端通过万向节18连接，第一钎杆1安装在钎杆直套2内部，如图1、4所示，钎杆直套2上对称地开有两个往复孔11，两个第一弹簧支撑8对称地安装在钎杆直套2外侧；两个第二弹簧支撑10对称地安装在第一钎杆1上且两个第二弹簧支撑10分别从两个往复孔11中伸出；钎杆弹簧9安装在第一弹簧支撑8和第二弹簧支撑10之间；第二钎杆7上安装有万向环28，万向环28通过滑动轴承26安装在环形转环19内缘面上。
如图7、8、12所示，上述万向环28包括第一转轴21、钎杆卡环22、第一环23、第二转轴24、第二环25，其中第二钎杆7上安装有钎杆卡环22，第一环23通过两个对称分布的第一转轴21安装在钎杆卡环22上，第二环25通过两个对称分布的第二转轴24安装在第一环23上，第一环23、第二环25和钎杆卡环22同心安装且两个第一转轴21轴线与两个第二转轴24轴线垂直；第二环25安装在滑动轴承26的内缘面上。
本发明中，偏振电机3可以使偏振齿轮6转动，通过偏振齿轮6和环形转环19的啮合使环形转环19在环轨15中转动，万向环28中的钎杆卡环22可以绕第一转轴21转动，第一环23可以绕第二转轴24转动；环形转环19中具有偏心圆孔，当环形转环19转动时，通过滑动轴承26安装在偏心圆孔中的万向环28将会做偏心摆动，带动在万向环28中钎杆卡环22中的第二钎杆7做偏心摆动，设计中第二钎杆7与第一钎杆1连接，第一钎杆1与第二钎杆7是无法围绕自身轴线旋转的，所以与第二钎杆7连接的万向环28中的钎杆卡环22以及万向环28也是不会发生旋转的，所以设计滑动轴承26用于连接旋转的环形转环19和没有旋转的万向环28；另外，第二钎杆7的顶端连接在万向节18上，在第二钎杆7偏心摆动过程中，第一钎杆1和第二钎杆7之间构成一定的角度，第二钎杆7的偏心摆动幅度与环形转环19偏心孔偏心度有关。在运行中，第一钎杆1在钎杆直套2中受到破碎锤撞击机构的作用而上下运动，其中第二弹簧支撑10在往复孔11中做往复运动，钎杆弹簧9做伸缩运动，第一钎杆1在运动过程中通过万向节18带动第二钎杆7上下运动，通过第二钎杆7在环形转环19作用下偏心运动。
本发明中的动力机构与常规技术中破碎锤的动力机构相同，第一钎杆1受到力的作用向下运动，同时带动第二钎杆7向下运动冲击物体，第二钎杆7可以在钎杆扩套14中受环形转环19偏心孔的约束而发生偏心摆动，第二钎杆7上下运动与环形转环19的偏心孔约束通过万向环28作用而相互协调在一起。这样的设计在破碎的过程中第二钎杆7能够破碎物体的同时清理已被击碎的物体，然后受到钎杆弹簧9的拉力作用向上运动，如此反复进行，使钎杆不断撞击物体。本发明中的减速器5可以在偏振电机3和偏振齿轮6之间起降低转速和增大转矩的作用。破碎锤开始工作时，启动偏振电机3，通过减速器5匹配转速，使偏振齿轮6转动，偏振齿轮6与环形转环19外齿啮合，带动环形转环19以一定转速转动，从而第二钎杆7以一定速度做偏心摆动，启动撞击机构后，第二钎杆7在做上下运动的同时做偏心摆动。作业结束时，停止偏振电机3和撞击机构，第二钎杆7摆动速度减慢直到为零，上下运动停止。
如图2所示，它还包括第一弹簧支柱16、第二弹簧支柱17，第一弹簧支柱16安装在第一弹簧支撑8的下侧，第二弹簧支柱17安装在第二弹簧支撑10的 上侧；钎杆弹簧9通过第一弹簧支柱16和第二弹簧支柱17安装在第一弹簧支撑8和第二弹簧支撑10之间。两个弹簧支撑在同一直线上，方便弹簧安装。
如图6所示，上述偏振电机3位于两根支架13之间，电机支撑4安装在固定环12上位于两根支架13中间的位置。环轨15上的缺口也位于两根支架13之间，保证了偏振齿轮6可以和环形转环19相啮合。
上述第二钎杆7的钎杆头可以为尖头、秃头、扁头。
上述第一钎杆1的撞击机构可以为液压驱动、液压和氮气混合驱动等常规方法。
综上所述，本发明钎杆直套2与钎杆扩套14相连接，第一钎杆1与第二钎杆7通过万向节18连接；第一钎杆1安装在钎杆直套2内部，第二钎杆7安装在万向环28内，万向环28通过滑动轴承26安装在环形转环19内缘面上；偏振电机3和偏振齿轮6可以使环形转环19转动，产生偏振，通过环形转环19和万向环28的配合带动第二钎杆7在钎杆扩套14中转动；本发明结构简单，利用环形转环19和万向环28可以使第二钎杆7偏心转动，将经过破碎的物体被第二钎杆7的摆动运动分离破碎点，使破碎点具有较好的视野，具有较好的实用效果。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种带偏振钎杆的破碎锤，其特征在于：它包括第一钎杆、钎杆直套、偏振电机、电机支撑、减速器、偏振齿轮、第二钎杆、固定环、支架、钎杆扩套、环轨、万向节、环形转环、转环凹槽、滑动轴承、转环卡槽、万向环、第一弹簧支撑、第二弹簧支撑、钎杆弹簧、往复孔，其中钎杆直套的底端与钎杆扩套的顶端连接，固定环安装在钎杆直套和钎杆扩套的连接处，钎杆扩套的外部周向均匀分布有三根支架，三根支架完全相同，对于任意一根支架，它的一端安装在固定环外缘面上，另一端安装在环轨的上侧；偏振电机通过电机支撑安装在固定环上，偏振电机的底端安装有减速器，减速器安装在钎杆扩套侧面，减速器的底端安装有偏振齿轮，环轨内缘面上开有转环凹槽，环形转环的上下两侧对称地开有转环卡槽且外缘面上具有外齿，环形转环滑动于转环凹槽中，环轨上有一段缺口，偏振齿轮位于环轨的缺口处与环形转环外缘齿面相啮合；第一钎杆底端与第二钎杆顶端通过万向节连接，第一钎杆安装在钎杆直套内部，钎杆直套上对称地开有两个往复孔，两个第一弹簧支撑对称地安装在钎杆直套外侧；两个第二弹簧支撑对称地安装在第一钎杆上且两个第二弹簧支撑分别从两个往复孔中伸出；钎杆弹簧安装在第一弹簧支撑和第二弹簧支撑之间；第二钎杆上安装有万向环，万向环通过滑动轴承安装在环形转环内缘面上；
    上述万向环包括第一转轴、钎杆卡环、第一环、第二转轴、第二环，其中第二钎杆上安装有钎杆卡环，第一环通过两个对称分布的第一转轴安装在钎杆卡环上，第二环通过两个对称分布的第二转轴安装在第一环上，第一环、第二环和钎杆卡环同心安装且两个第一转轴轴线与两个第二转轴轴线垂直；第二环安装在滑动轴承的内缘面上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带偏振钎杆的破碎锤，其特征在于：它还包括第一弹簧支柱、第二弹簧支柱，第一弹簧支柱安装在第一弹簧支撑的下侧，第二弹簧支柱安装在第二弹簧支撑的上侧；钎杆弹簧通过第一弹簧支柱和第二弹簧支柱安装在第一弹簧支撑和第二弹簧支撑之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带偏振钎杆的破碎锤，其特征在于：上述偏振电机位于两根支架之间，电机支撑安装在固定环上位于两根支架中间的位置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带偏振钎杆的破碎锤，其特征在于：上述第二钎杆的钎杆头可以为尖头、秃头、扁头。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种带偏振钎杆的破碎锤，其特征在于：上述第一钎杆的撞击机构可以为液压驱动、液压和氮气混合驱动等常规方法。
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