WO2018027680A1 - 一种信道的自动选择和切换的方法、无线接入点和系统 - Google Patents

一种信道的自动选择和切换的方法、无线接入点和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018027680A1
WO2018027680A1 PCT/CN2016/094411 CN2016094411W WO2018027680A1 WO 2018027680 A1 WO2018027680 A1 WO 2018027680A1 CN 2016094411 W CN2016094411 W CN 2016094411W WO 2018027680 A1 WO2018027680 A1 WO 2018027680A1
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Prior art keywords
channel
quality detection
parameter
sta
working
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PCT/CN2016/094411
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张金明
朱冲
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to CN201680077650.3A priority Critical patent/CN108476455A/zh
Priority to EP16912135.7A priority patent/EP3493596B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/094411 priority patent/WO2018027680A1/zh
Priority to US16/324,767 priority patent/US20190174383A1/en
Publication of WO2018027680A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018027680A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
    • G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
    • G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/13—Cell handover without a predetermined boundary, e.g. virtual cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/30—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
    • H04W36/302—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data due to low signal strength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/11—Allocation or use of connection identifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
    • G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
    • G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
    • G06F2009/45595—Network integration; Enabling network access in virtual machine instances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a method for automatically selecting and switching channels, a wireless access point, a workstation, and a system.
  • the second layer in the OSI 7-layer model is the Data Link Layer
  • IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi works primarily at the data link layer.
  • the IEEE 802.11 working group divides multiple independent frequency bands, such as 2.4 GHz and 4.9/5.8 GHz. Each frequency band is divided into several channels. For example, China's 2.4GHz frequency band is 2.412-2.472GHz, which is divided into 13 channels.
  • APs wireless access points
  • STAs workstations
  • interference between WI-FIs become larger, automatic channel selection becomes a wireless access. The required function of the point.
  • APs of some equipment manufacturers can support automatic selection of preferred channels, such as Qualcomm, Broadcom, Realtek, etc., but only support automatic channel selection before the AP establishes a connection with the STA. After the AP establishes a connection with the STA, all the APs of the manufacturer do not support continuous data link layer connection, and the channel is automatically selected and switched.
  • preferred channels such as Qualcomm, Broadcom, Realtek, etc.
  • the AP does not detect the quality of the working channel, and the user of the STA determines the quality of the working channel.
  • the user manually disconnects the connection between the AP and the STA.
  • Establish a connection between the AP and the STA and automatically select a better channel in the process of re-establishing the connection, thereby completing channel reselection and switching. Therefore, after the AP establishes a connection with the STA, during the working channel switching process, the data link layer connection between the AP and the STA is disconnected for a period of time.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for automatically selecting and switching a channel, a wireless access point, and a system, which can solve the problem that an AP can not continuously connect to a data link layer after the AP establishes a connection with the STA, and automatically selects a channel and Switching problems.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for automatically selecting and switching a channel, where the method includes: using a working VAP (Virtual Access Point, VAP) and a workstation (Station, STA) at an access point (AP) After the connection is established, the AP performs quality detection on the working channel to obtain a first quality detection result; the working VAP is a VAP that the AP serves the STA, and the working channel is where the working VAP is located. a channel, the AP determines whether the working channel needs to be switched according to the first quality detection result; if the working channel needs to be switched, the AP performs quality detection on multiple standby channels to obtain multiple second quality detection results.
  • VAP Virtual Access Point
  • STA workstation
  • AP access point
  • the quality detection result determines a target channel; the AP sends a notification message to notify the STA to perform a working channel handover, and the notification message carries the target channel; The working channel is switched to the target channel; the AP switches the working channel to the target channel.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for automatically selecting and switching a channel. After the AP and the STA are successfully connected, the AP performs quality detection on the working channel, and then determines whether the working channel needs to be switched according to the quality detection result. If the working channel needs to be switched, the AP performs quality detection on the alternate channel, and if there is a spare channel with better quality, the channel switching between the AP and the STA is started, and since the alternate channel uses the same network connection information as the working channel, When the working channel is switched, the AP and the STA do not disconnect the data link layer. This ensures that the AP and the STA complete the switching of the working channel in the case of continuous data link layer connection.
  • the method further includes: After the AP determines the target channel according to the second quality detection result, before the AP sends a notification message to notify the STA to perform a working channel handover, the AP pauses to send data to the STA; after receiving the notification message, the STA receives the notification message.
  • the STA suspends sending data to the AP before the STA switches the working channel to the target channel.
  • the data is temporarily sent to the STA before the AP sends the message of the working channel switching to the STA; before the STA performs the working channel switching, the data is sent to the AP, and the AP and the STA are suspended. After the working channel is switched to the target channel, the data transmission between the AP and the STA can be started normally, thus effectively ensuring the integrity of the data sent between the AP and the STA.
  • the determining, by the AP, whether the working channel needs to be switched according to the first quality detection result includes: the AP according to the first Whether the quality detection result satisfies the result of the first switching condition, and determines whether the working channel needs to be switched; and the first switching condition is that the value of the first parameter in the first quality detection result reaches a preset threshold of the first parameter; Or the value of the first parameter in the first quality detection result reaches a preset threshold of the first parameter, the value of the second parameter reaches a preset threshold of the second parameter, and the weight of the first parameter and the second parameter The preset threshold for reaching the weighted value.
  • the determining, by the AP, the target channel according to the multiple second quality detection results includes: the AP, the multiple, the second quality The detection results are compared, and the channel with the best quality among the plurality of the alternate channels is selected as the target channel.
  • the AP compares the multiple second quality detection results with a second switching condition; and selects the second quality detection result a channel that satisfies the second switching condition is used as a target channel; and the second switching condition is that the value of the second parameter of the plurality of the second quality detection results reaches a preset threshold of the second parameter; or The value of the second parameter in the second quality detection result reaches a preset threshold of the second parameter, the value of the third parameter reaches a preset threshold of the third parameter, and the weighted value of the second parameter and the third parameter reaches a weighted value. Preset threshold.
  • the network connection information includes a service set identifier (Service Set Identifier, SSID), Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID), encryption mode, key information, state machine information, or identification of the user equipment.
  • SSID Service Set Identifier
  • BSSID Basic Service Set Identifier
  • encryption mode key information
  • key information key information
  • state machine information or identification of the user equipment.
  • the AP compares the multiple second quality detection results with a second switching condition, and selects the second quality detection result to be satisfied.
  • the channel of the second handover condition is used as the target channel, and the method includes: the AP detects the channel quality of all the alternate channels to obtain a plurality of second quality detection results; and randomly selects the second quality from the plurality of the second quality detection results. a detection result; comparing the selected second quality detection result with the second switching condition; and using the channel whose second quality detection result satisfies the second switching condition as a target channel.
  • the AP may detect channel quality of all the alternate channels, and randomly select one comparison object from the plurality of the second quality detection results.
  • the channel corresponding to the comparison object may not be the target channel, and the next comparison object is selected; when the comparison object satisfies the second handover condition, the comparison object is determined.
  • the corresponding channel is the target channel, and there is no need to select the next comparison object to be compared with the second switching condition. In this way, the target channel can be quickly determined, and thus the switching of the working channel can be completed quickly, thereby solving the problem caused by the deterioration of the working channel quality as soon as possible.
  • the AP compares the multiple second quality detection results with a second handover condition, and selects the second quality detection result to be satisfied.
  • the channel of the second switching condition is used as the target channel, and specifically includes: the AP selects a specific alternate channel, and the specific standby channel does not interfere with the working channel; the AP detects the channel quality of the specific standby channel, and obtains the second quality detection result, If the second quality detection result satisfies the second handover condition, determining that the specific alternate channel is a target channel.
  • the AP can find the target channel only by performing quality detection on one spare channel, and no need to perform quality detection on other alternate channels. Even if the AP needs to perform quality detection on multiple spare channels, the target channel will be determined as soon as possible. In this way, the AP can determine the target more quickly. The channel, therefore, the AP can quickly complete the switching of the working channel, thereby solving the problem caused by the deterioration of the working channel quality as soon as possible.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an AP configured to implement the functions of the method performed by the AP in the foregoing first aspect, implemented by hardware/software, and the hardware/software includes a unit corresponding to the foregoing function.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a STA configured to implement the functions of the method performed by the STA in the foregoing first aspect, implemented by hardware/software, and the hardware/software includes a unit corresponding to the foregoing function.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an AP, including: a processor, a network interface, a memory, and a communication bus, where the communication bus is used to implement communication between the processor, the network interface, and the memory, and the processing
  • the program executes the steps in the method stored in the memory for implementing the AP provided by the first aspect above.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a STA, including: a processor, a network interface, a memory, and a communication bus, where the communication bus is used to implement communication between the processor, the network interface, and the memory, and processing The program executed in the memory is used to implement the steps in the STA provided by the first aspect above.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a system, where the system includes the AP and the STA in the foregoing aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer storage medium for storing computer software instructions used by the AP, which includes a program designed to perform the above aspects.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer storage medium for storing computer software instructions used by the STA, which includes a program designed to perform the above aspects.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for automatically selecting and switching a channel, a wireless access point, and a system.
  • the AP is Performing quality detection on the working channel, and then determining whether the working channel needs to be switched according to the quality detection result. If the working channel needs to be switched, the AP performs quality detection on the standby channel, and if there is a spare channel with better quality, the device starts.
  • Channel switching between the AP and the STA Since the alternate channel uses the same network connection information as the working channel, the AP and the STA do not disconnect the data link layer when performing the working channel switching, thereby ensuring the AP and the STA. In the case of continuous data link layer connection, the switching of the working channel is completed.
  • FIG. 1 is a connection diagram of an AP and at least one STA according to an embodiment of the present invention (before channel switching);
  • FIG. 3 is a connection diagram of an AP and at least one STA according to an embodiment of the present invention (after channel switching);
  • FIG. 4 is another connection diagram of an AP and at least one STA according to an embodiment of the present invention (before channel switching);
  • FIG. 5 is another connection diagram of an AP and at least one STA according to an embodiment of the present invention (after channel switching);
  • FIG. 6 is another flowchart of channel automatic selection and switching according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an AP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a STA according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a connection diagram of an AP and at least one STA according to an embodiment of the present invention (before channel switching).
  • a virtual access point VAP
  • the VAP is All the STAs (STA1, STA2, STAn; n is greater than or equal to 1) that are connected to the AP provide services, wherein the AP stores network connection information of the VAP and the STA, and the network connection information is the VAP and the
  • the information required by the STA to establish a connection includes a Service Set Identifier (SSID), a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID), an encryption mode, key information, state machine information, or an identifier of the user equipment.
  • SSID Service Set Identifier
  • BSSID Basic Service Set Identifier
  • An encryption mode key information
  • key information key information
  • state machine information or an identifier of the user equipment. Only the working VAP and the working channel before the channel switching are shown in FIG. 1, for example, the working VAP is VAP1 and the working channel is
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of automatic channel selection and handover according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, how is the AP connected to the data link layer after the AP and the STA are successfully connected? The automatic selection and switching of the working channel is explained and explained.
  • the AP may include multiple VAPs, one VAP corresponds to one channel, and each VAP is configured with the same network connection information as the working VAP.
  • the VAPs may be multiple logical interfaces that are virtualized by the same network interface in the AP, or multiple logical interfaces that are virtualized by multiple network interfaces in the AP.
  • the network interface may be a radio frequency physical interface.
  • the AP supports China's 2.4GHz band of 2.412-2.472GHz, which is the frequency.
  • the segment contains 13 channels, and the AP may include VAP1: channel 1, VAP2: channel 2. . .
  • VAP12 Channel 12
  • VAP13 Channel 13.
  • the AP establishes a connection with the STA by using a VAP, and the VAP is a working VAP, that is, the working VAP is a VAP that is currently serving the STA on the AP, and the working channel is the channel where the working VAP is located;
  • the standby VAP is a VAP that does not currently serve any STA.
  • the standby VAP can be configured before use or when it needs to be used. Because all the VAPs use the same network connection information, the AP and the STA do not disconnect the data link layer when the working channel is switched. This ensures that the AP and the STA are connected at the data link layer. , complete the switching of the working channel.
  • Step 200 The AP performs quality detection on the working channel to obtain a first quality detection result.
  • the AP may perform quality detection on the working channel in real time or periodically.
  • the AP does not detect the quality of the working channel.
  • the user manually disconnects the AP and the STA, and then establishes a connection between the AP and the STA.
  • the AP detects the quality of each channel, and selects the better channel to connect with the STA, so as to achieve the purpose of switching the working channel to the better channel.
  • the whole process requires manual participation by the user, and the AP and the STA The connection between them will be disconnected for a while.
  • the first quality detection result may include: a Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of the working channel, a Packet Error Rate (PER) of the working channel, or a signal to noise ratio of the working channel.
  • RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication
  • PER Packet Error Rate
  • the quality detection result may also include other parameters, as long as the parameters that can reflect the quality of the working channel are not limited.
  • Step 201 Determine, according to the first quality detection result, whether the working channel needs to be switched. If the working channel needs to be switched, perform step 202. If the working channel does not need to be switched, perform step 200.
  • the first quality detection result is compared with the first switching condition to determine whether the working channel needs to be switched.
  • the working channel when the first quality detection result satisfies the first switching condition, determining that the working channel needs to be switched, when the first quality detection result does not satisfy the first switching condition, determining that the working channel does not need to be switched.
  • the first switching condition is that the value of the first parameter in the first quality detection result reaches a preset threshold of the first parameter; or the value of the first parameter in the first quality detection result reaches the first parameter
  • the preset threshold is obtained, and the value of the second parameter reaches a preset threshold of the second parameter, and the weighted values of the first parameter and the second parameter reach a preset threshold of the weighted value.
  • the "first parameter" and the "second parameter” herein represent any parameter in the first quality detection result, and there is no limit in quantity, and may include a plurality of first parameters or a plurality of second parameters. Specifically, how to set the first switching condition is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the preset threshold of the "up to" corresponding parameter includes a preset threshold greater than or equal to the corresponding parameter, and is less than or equal to a preset threshold of the corresponding parameter, etc., and specifically what meaning needs to be defined according to actual parameters, because some The smaller the parameter, the worse the link quality may be. On the contrary, the larger the parameters, the worse the link quality may be. It is also possible that the value of the parameter is equal to the preset enumeration value to reach the corresponding preset threshold.
  • the preset threshold whose RSSI value is less than or equal to the RSSI is defined as satisfying the first handover condition, in which case, determining that the working channel needs to be switched; or, setting the RSSI value to be less than or equal to the preset threshold of the RSSI, and the PER value
  • a preset threshold greater than or equal to PER is defined to satisfy the first handover condition, in which case it is determined that the working channel requires handover.
  • the first switching condition may be configured on the AP at the initial stage of the networking or pre-stored before the AP leaves the factory.
  • Step 202 Perform quality detection on multiple spare channels to obtain multiple second quality detection results. That is, each spare channel corresponds to a second quality detection result.
  • the multiple standby channels are partial channels or all channels except the working channel, and the multiple standby channels use the same network connection information as the working channel.
  • all channels except the working channel can be detected, for example, channel 2, channel 3 can be detected in sequence. . . , channel 12, the quality of channel 13; it is also possible to detect all channels that do not interfere with the working channel at all, for example, channel 6 and channel 7 can be detected in sequence. . . , channel 12, the quality of the channel 13; it is also possible to detect a part of the channel that does not interfere with the working channel at all, for example, channel 6 and channel 13 can be detected in sequence.
  • Step 203 Determine a target channel according to the multiple second quality detection results. As shown in FIG. 2, it is assumed that the channel 6 is determined to be the target channel based on the plurality of second quality detection results. Here, it is merely exemplified that the determined target channel is channel 6, and which channel is determined as the target channel according to the actual detection result.
  • Determining the target channel according to the multiple second quality detection results may be performed as follows:
  • a plurality of the second quality detection results are compared, and a channel with the best quality among the plurality of the alternate channels is selected as a target channel, so that an optimal channel can be selected from the alternate channel to serve the STA.
  • Manner 2 The AP compares the multiple second quality detection results with the second handover condition, and selects, by the second quality detection result, the channel that meets the second handover condition as the target channel.
  • the second switching condition is that the value of the second parameter of the plurality of the second quality detection results reaches a preset threshold of the second parameter; or the second parameter of the second quality detection result The value reaches a preset threshold of the second parameter, the value of the third parameter reaches a preset threshold of the third parameter, and the weighted values of the second parameter and the third parameter reach a preset threshold of the weighted value.
  • the "second parameter” and the “third parameter” represent any of the second quality detection results, and there is no limit in quantity, and may include a plurality of second parameters or a plurality of third parameters. Specifically, how to set the second switching condition is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the AP may perform quality detection on all the alternate channels, and then determine the target channel.
  • the AP may detect the channel quality of all the alternate channels, and randomly select a comparison object from the plurality of the second quality detection results. When the comparison object does not satisfy the second cut
  • the channel corresponding to the comparison object is not the target channel, and the next comparison object is selected; when the comparison object satisfies the second handover condition, determining that the channel corresponding to the comparison object is the target channel.
  • the target channel can be quickly determined, and thus the switching of the working channel can be completed quickly, thereby solving the problem caused by the deterioration of the working channel quality as soon as possible.
  • the AP may also compare all the second quality detection results with the second handover condition, obtain a channel that satisfies the second handover condition, and then randomly select one channel from the obtained channel as the target channel, and also obtain the channel.
  • the optimal channel is selected as the target channel.
  • the AP may also detect the channel quality of an alternate channel, obtain a second quality detection result, and use the second quality detection result as a comparison object to determine whether the alternate channel can serve as a target channel. Specifically, a part of the channel that does not interfere with the working channel can be detected. For example, if the working channel is channel 1, the AP can sequentially detect channel 6, channel 13. After quality detection is performed on the detection channel 6 to obtain a second detection result, it is determined whether the channel 6 satisfies the second switching condition. If it is determined that the channel 6 satisfies the second handover condition, the AP can directly determine the channel 6 as the target channel. In this case, the AP performs quality detection on only one spare channel, and no quality detection is required for other alternate channels.
  • the target channel will be determined as soon as possible. In this way, the AP can determine the target channel more quickly. Therefore, the AP can quickly complete the switching of the working channel, thereby solving the problem caused by the deterioration of the working channel quality as soon as possible.
  • the two switching conditions in the present application that is, the first switching condition, the second switching condition, and the used parameters are all parameters in quality detection, with the difference that the corresponding preset thresholds of the respective parameters are different.
  • the link quality is described in terms of the order of the link quality, the link quality when the second handover condition is satisfied is better than the link quality when the first handover condition is satisfied. That is, when the AP detects that the RSSI of the working channel is less than R1 (the first switching condition), indicating that the current network state is not good, it is necessary to start the switching of the working channel, otherwise packet loss and the like may occur; and the working channel is started. When switching, the AP needs to detect the backup.
  • the RSSI of the channel selects the channel with the RSSI greater than R2 (the second switching condition) as the target slave, and R2 is greater than R1.
  • Step 204 The AP sends a notification message to notify the STA to perform a working channel handover, where the notification message carries the target channel (channel 6). As shown in FIG. 2, only one STA is used as an example. If there are multiple STAs that use the working channel and the AP for data transmission, the AP needs to send the notification message to all STAs that use the working channel and the AP for data transmission, so that All STAs switch the working channel to the target channel.
  • the CSA Notify message in 802.11h can be used as the notification message.
  • the specific structure of the CSA Notify message is as follows:
  • Category occupies one byte, fixed value is 0, indicating spectrum management; Action: occupies one byte, fixed value is 4, indicating that this frame is CSA; Channel Switch Announcement element: occupies 5 bytes, each word The section is used to store a field. Its format and field meanings are as follows:
  • Length fixed value is 3; Channel Switch Mode: set to 1, notify the STA, the AP will deliver a new working channel; New Channel Number: the value of the new working channel; Channel Switch Count: new channel switching opportunity, 0 indicates any random timing after the CSA message, and 1 indicates that the handover is initiated after a fixed period of time.
  • Step 205 The STA switches the working channel to the target channel (channel 6). In Figure 2, the STA switches the working channel to channel 6.
  • the STA can complete the working channel switching according to the switching opportunity specified in the CSA message.
  • the AP may not specify the handover timing to the STA, and the STA may decide when to switch the working channel.
  • the STA may send a working channel to the AP after the working channel is switched. Switch the completed response message.
  • the AP can learn that the working channel of the STA has been switched, and the next step can be performed. For example, if the AP does not receive the response message after the AP exceeds the preset time, the AP can resend the notification. The message is used to notify the STA of the target channel again, thereby ensuring that the AP and the STA successfully complete the handover of the working channel.
  • Step 206 The AP switches the working channel to the target channel. As shown in FIG. 2, the AP switches the detected working channel to channel 6. Since one VAP corresponds to one channel, since the working channel is switched, the working VAP also switches, that is, the AP uses the VAP (VAP6) corresponding to the channel 6 to perform data transmission with the STA on the channel 6.
  • VAP6 VAP6
  • the AP may configure the target channel as the working channel of the STA service, or may directly configure the target channel as the working channel of the STA service without waiting for the response message of the STA.
  • the working channel switching is completed, and the AP performs data transmission with the STA on the new working channel (target channel).
  • the AP and the STA use VAP1 (VAP corresponding to channel 1) to perform data transmission through channel 1.
  • VAP6 VAP corresponding to channel 6
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for automatically selecting and switching a channel. After the AP and the STA are successfully connected, the AP performs quality detection on the working channel, and then determines whether the working channel needs to be switched according to the quality detection result. If the working channel needs to be switched, the AP performs quality detection on the alternate channel, and if there is a spare channel with better quality, the channel switching between the AP and the STA is started, and since the alternate channel uses the same network connection information as the working channel, When the working channel is switched, the AP and the STA do not disconnect the data link layer. This ensures that the AP and the STA complete the switching of the working channel in the case of continuous data link layer connection.
  • FIG. 3 is a connection diagram of an AP and at least one STA according to an embodiment of the present invention (after channel switching). 3, after the AP and the STA in FIG. 1 perform the channel automatic selection and handover procedure shown in FIG. 2, the working VAP serving the STA on the AP is switched from VAP1 to VAP6, and the working channels of the AP and the STA are switched from the channel 1. Become channel 6.
  • FIG. 4 is another connection diagram of an AP and at least one STA according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Before channel switching as shown in FIG. 4, multiple VAPs are configured on an AP, and one VAP can provide services for one STA or multiple STAs.
  • the working channel of VAP1 is channel 1, that is, the AP uses VAP1 to provide services for STA1 and STA2 through channel 1:
  • the working channel of VAP13 is channel 13, that is, the AP uses VAP13 to pass the channel. 13 provides services for STAm.
  • FIG. 5 is another connection diagram of an AP and at least one STA according to an embodiment of the present invention (after channel switching). At this time, the working channel quality of the VAP1 is deteriorated, and the working channel of the VAP 13 is normal. 5, after the AP and the plurality of STAs in FIG. 4 perform the channel automatic selection and handover procedure shown in FIG. 2, the working channels of VAP1 and STA1 and STA2 in the AP are switched from channel 1 to channel 6, and the working VAP is switched to The working channel and working VAP of VAP6, VAP13 and STAm are unchanged.
  • VAP1 exists on the AP. In this case, the AP only needs to perform quality check on the working channel of the VAP1.
  • VAP1 exists on the AP.
  • the AP only needs to perform quality check on the working channel of the VAP1.
  • FIG. 6 is another flowchart of channel automatic selection and switching according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial modification on the basis of FIG. 2, and only the modified part is described in detail below. Related description.
  • step 203 After step 203, before step 204, the method further includes:
  • Step 601 The AP pauses to send data to the STA. In this way, the data sent by the AP to the STA is guaranteed not to be lost.
  • step 204 before step 205, the method further includes:
  • Step 602 The STA pauses to send data to the AP. In this way, the data sent by the STA to the AP is guaranteed not to be lost.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for automatically selecting and switching a channel, and suspending sending data to the STA before the AP sends a message for switching the working channel to the STA; Before the STA performs the working channel switching, the data is temporarily sent to the AP. After the working channels of the AP and the STA are switched to the target channel, the data transmission between the AP and the STA can be started normally. This effectively ensures the AP and the STA. The integrity of the data sent between.
  • the prompt information of the channel switching may be presented on the STA to prompt the user of the STA, the AP automatically completes the channel optimization, and solves the working channel quality.
  • the problem of deterioration has effectively improved the user experience of APs and STAs.
  • the specific prompting method may be to remind the user of the STA in a text manner on the screen of the STA, or to promptly remind the user of the STA in a voice manner.
  • the specific method is set according to actual needs, and the present invention does not specifically limit the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an AP according to an embodiment of the present invention, including: a processor 71, a network interface 72, a memory 73, and a communication bus 74.
  • the bus 74 is configured to implement connection communication between the processor 71, the network interface 72 and the memory 73, the network interface 72 includes one or more VAPs for serving one or more STAs,
  • the processor 71 executes a program executed by the above-described AP stored in the memory 73.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a STA according to an embodiment of the present invention, including: a processor 81, a network interface 82, a memory 83, and a communication bus 84.
  • the bus 84 is for implementing connection communication between the processor 81, the network interface 82, and the memory 83, and the processor 81 executes the program executed by the STA described above in the memory 83.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a system for automatically selecting and switching channels, including an AP as shown in FIG. 7 and an STA shown in FIG. 8.
  • All or part of the steps of implementing the foregoing method embodiments may be performed by hardware related to the program instructions.
  • the foregoing program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes the steps of the foregoing method embodiments;
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like, which can store program codes. medium.

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Abstract

本发明实施例提供一种信道的自动选择和切换的方法、无线AP、和系统，涉及通信领域，能够解决AP和STA在在不断数据链路层连接的情况下，完成工作信道的切换的问题。其方法为：在AP和STA连接成功后，所述AP对工作信道进行质量检测，然后根据质量检测结果确定所述工作信道是否需要切换，若所述工作信道需要切换，所述AP对备用信道进行质量检测，若存在质量较优的备用信道，则启动AP和STA的信道切换，由于备用信道使用和工作信道相同的网络连接信息，故对接入AP的STA来说，数据链路层的连接是一样的，所以在进行工作信道切换时，不会出现断开连接的现象，从而解决了AP和STA如何在不断数据链路层连接的情况下，完成工作信道的切换的问题。

Description

一种信道的自动选择和切换的方法、无线接入点和系统 技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域，尤其涉及一种信道的自动选择和切换的方法、无线接入点、工作站和系统。
背景技术
目前，OSI 7层模型中的第二层为数据链路层(Data Link Layer)，而IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi主要工作在数据链路层。IEEE 802.11工作组划分了多个独立的频段，例如：2.4GHz和4.9/5.8GHz等。每个频段又划分了若干个信道。如中国的2.4GHz频段为2.412-2.472GHz，该频段又划分为13个信道。然而，随着无线接入点(Acess Point，AP)及工作站(Station，STA)越来越多，WI-FI之间的干扰也越来越大，所以自动选择较优信道成为了无线接入点的必选功能。
当前,有些设备厂商的AP可以支持自动选择较优信道，如高通、博通、Realtek等，但是只支持在AP与STA建立连接之前进行自动选择较优的信道。在AP与STA建立连接之后，所有厂商的AP均不支持不断数据链路层连接的情况下，进行信道自动选择和切换。
现有技术中，AP不检测工作信道的质量，STA的用户判断工作信道的质量情况，当工作信道的质量恶化到无法正常收发数据时，用户会手动断掉AP与STA之间的连接，再建立AP与STA之间连接，在重新建立连接的过程中自动选择较优的信道，从而完成信道的重新选择和切换。因此，AP与STA建立连接后，进行工作信道切换过程中，AP和STA之间的数据链路层连接会断开一段时间。
目前,某频段的某信道出现新的STA以及其它干扰非常常见，故AP和STA建立连接后，将不可避免出现信道质量恶化的情况。因此，在AP与STA建立连接之后，AP如何在不断数据链路层连接的情况 下，进行工作信道的自动选择和切换将是一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种信道的自动选择和切换的方法、无线接入点和系统，可以解决AP与STA建立连接之后，AP无法不断数据链路层连接的情况下，进行信道的自动选择和切换的问题。
一方面，本发明实施例提供一种信道的自动选择和切换的方法，所述方法包括：在接入点(Access Point,AP)使用工作VAP(Virtual Access Point，VAP)与工作站(Station,STA)建立连接后，所述AP对工作信道进行质量检测，获得第一质量检测结果；所述工作VAP为所述AP为所述STA提供服务的VAP，所述工作信道为所述工作VAP所在的信道；所述AP根据所述第一质量检测结果确定所述工作信道是否需要切换；若所述工作信道需要切换，所述AP对多个备用信道进行质量检测，获得多个第二质量检测结果；多个所述备用信道为除所述工作信道之外的部分信道或者全部信道；多个所述备用信道使用与所述工作信道相同的网络连接信息；所述AP根据多个所述第二质量检测结果确定目标信道；所述AP发送通知消息通知所述STA进行工作信道切换，所述通知消息中携带所述目标信道；所述STA将所述工作信道切换至所述目标信道；所述AP将所述工作信道切换至所述目标信道。
因此，本发明实施例提供一种信道的自动选择和切换的方法，在AP和STA连接成功后，所述AP对工作信道进行质量检测，然后根据质量检测结果确定所述工作信道是否需要切换，若所述工作信道需要切换，所述AP对备用信道进行质量检测，若存在质量较优的备用信道，则启动AP和STA的信道切换，由于备用信道使用和工作信道相同的网络连接信息，所以AP和STA在进行工作信道切换时，不会出现数据链路层断开连接的现象，从而保证了AP和STA在不断数据链路层连接的情况下，完成工作信道的切换。
结合第一方面，在第一种可能的实施方式中，所述方法还包括： 所述AP根据所述第二质量检测结果确定目标信道之后，所述AP发送通知消息通知所述STA进行工作信道切换之前，所述AP暂停向STA发送数据；所述STA接收到通知消息之后，所述STA将所述工作信道切换至所述目标信道之前，所述STA暂停向所述AP发送数据。
因此，在第一种可能的实施方式中，在AP向STA发送工作信道切换的消息之前，暂停向STA发送数据；在STA进行工作信道切换之前，先暂停向AP发送数据，待AP和STA的工作信道都切换到目标信道后，AP和STA之间的数据传输可以正常启动，这样，有效的保证了AP和STA之间发送的数据的完整性。
结合第一方面或上述可能的实施方式，在第二种可能的实施方式中，所述AP根据所述第一质量检测结果确定所述工作信道是否需要切换包括：所述AP根据所述第一质量检测结果是否满足第一切换条件的结果，确定所述工作信道是否需要切换；满足第一切换条件为所述第一质量检测结果中的第一参数的值达到第一参数的预设阈值；或者，所述第一质量检测结果中的第一参数的值达到第一参数的预设阈值，第二参数的值达到第二参数的预设阈值，且第一参数和第二参数的加权值达到加权值的预设阈值。
结合第一方面或上述可能的实施方式，在第三种可能的实施方式中，所述AP根据多个所述第二质量检测结果确定目标信道包括：所述AP将多个所述第二质量检测结果进行比较，选择多个所述备用信道中质量最优的信道作为目标信道。
结合第一方面或上述可能的实施方式，在第四种可能的实施方式中，所述AP将多个所述第二质量检测结果与第二切换条件进行比较；选择所述第二质量检测结果满足所述第二切换条件的信道作为目标信道；满足所述第二切换条件为多个所述第二质量检测结果中的第二参数的值达到第二参数的预设阈值；或者，所述第二质量检测结果中的第二参数的值达到第二参数的预设阈值，第三参数的值达到第三参数的预设阈值，且第二参数和第三参数的加权值达到加权值的预设阈值。
结合第一方面或上述可能的实施方式，在第五种可能的实施方式中，所述网络连接信息包括服务集标识(Service Set Identifier, SSID)，基础服务器集标识(Basic Service Set Identifier,BSSID)，加密模式、密钥信息、状态机信息或用户设备的标识。
结合上述第四种可能的实施方式，在第六种可能的实施方式中，所述AP将多个所述第二质量检测结果与第二切换条件进行比较；选择所述第二质量检测结果满足所述第二切换条件的信道作为目标信道，具体包括：AP检测所有备用信道的信道质量得到多个第二质量检测结果；从多个所述第二质量检测结果中随机选择所述第二质量检测结果；将选择的所述第二质量检测结果与所述第二切换条件比较；将所述第二质量检测结果满足所述第二切换条件的信道作为目标信道。
因此，在第六种可能的实施方式中，AP可以检测所有备用信道的信道质量，从多个所述第二质量检测结果中随机选择一个比较对象。当所述比较对象未满足第二切换条件时，该所述比较对象对应的信道不可以作为目标信道，则选择下一个比较对象；当所述比较对象满足第二切换条件时，确定该比较对象对应的信道为目标信道，无需再选择下一个比较对象与所述第二切换条件比较。这样，可以快速的确定目标信道，因此也就可以快速的完成工作信道的切换，从而尽快解决工作信道质量恶化所引发的的问题。
结合上述第四种可能的实施方式，在第七种可能的实施方式中，所述AP将多个所述第二质量检测结果与第二切换条件进行比较；选择所述第二质量检测结果满足所述第二切换条件的信道作为目标信道，具体包括：AP选择特定备用信道，所述特定备用信道与工作信道之间无干扰；AP检测特定备用信道的信道质量，得到第二质量检测结果，若所述第二质量检测结果满足所述第二切换条件，确定所述特定备用信道为目标信道。
因此，在第七种可能的实施方式中，在比较好的情况下，AP仅对一个备用信道进行质量检测就可以找到目标信道，无需再对其他备用信道进行质量检测。即使AP需要对多个备用信道进行质量检测，也会尽快确定目标信道。这样，AP可以在更加快速的确定目标 信道，因此，AP也就可以快速的完成工作信道的切换，从而尽快解决工作信道质量恶化所引发的的问题。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供一种AP，该AP被配置为实现上述第一方面中AP所执行的方法的功能，由硬件/软件实现，其硬件/软件包括与上述功能相应的单元。
第三方面，本发明实施例提供一种STA，该STA被配置为实现上述第一方面中STA所执行的方法的功能，由硬件/软件实现，其硬件/软件包括与上述功能相应的单元。
第四方面，本发明实施例提供一种AP，包括：处理器、网络接口、存储器和通信总线，其中，所述通信总线用于实现所述处理器、网络接口和存储器之间的通信，处理器执行所述存储器中存储的程序用于实现上述第一方面提供的AP的方法中的步骤。
第五方面，本发明实施例提供一种STA，包括：处理器、网络接口、存储器和通信总线，其中，所述通信总线用于实现所述处理器、网络接口和存储器之间的通信，处理器执行所述存储器中存储的程序用于实现上述第一方面提供的STA中的步骤。
第六方面，本发明实施例提供一种系统，该系统包括上述方面所述的AP和STA。
第七方面，本发明实施例提供了一种计算机存储介质，用于储存为上述AP所用的计算机软件指令，其包含用于执行上述方面所设计的程序。
第八方面，本发明实施例提供了一种计算机存储介质，用于储存为上述STA所用的计算机软件指令，其包含用于执行上述方面所设计的程序。
相较于现有技术，本发明实施例提供一种信道的自动选择和切换的方法、无线接入点和系统，在AP和STA连接成功后，所述AP 对工作信道进行质量检测，然后根据质量检测结果确定所述工作信道是否需要切换，若所述工作信道需要切换，所述AP对备用信道进行质量检测，若存在质量较优的备用信道，则启动AP和STA的信道切换，由于备用信道使用和工作信道相同的网络连接信息，所以AP和STA在进行工作信道切换时，不会出现数据链路层断开连接的现象，从而保证了AP和STA在不断数据链路层连接的情况下，完成工作信道的切换。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的AP与至少一个STA的一种连接图(信道切换前)；
图2为本发明实施例提供的信道自动选择和切换一种流程图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的AP与至少一个STA的一种连接图(信道切换后)；
图4为本发明实施例提供的AP与至少一个STA的另一种连接图(信道切换前)；
图5为本发明实施例提供的AP与至少一个STA的另一种连接图(信道切换后)；
图6为本发明实施例提供的信道自动选择和切换的另一种流程图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的AP的一种结构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的STA的一种结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
图1为本发明实施例提供的AP与至少一个STA的一种连接图(信道切换前)，如图1所示，AP上配置一个虚拟接入点(Virtual Access Point，VAP)，该VAP为接入到AP中的所有STA(STA1，STA2，。。。STAn；n大于或者等于1)提供服务，其中，AP中存储了该VAP和STA的网络连接信息，该网络连接信息为该VAP与STA建立连接所需的信息，包括服务集标识(Service Set Identifier,SSID)，基础服务器集标识(Basic Service Set Identifier,BSSID)，加密模式、密钥信息、状态机信息或用户设备的标识。图1中仅示出信道切换前的工作VAP和工作信道，例如：工作VAP为VAP1，工作信道为信道1。
图2为本发明实施例提供的信道自动选择和切换一种流程图，如图2所示，本发明实施例是针对AP与STA连接成功之后，AP如何在不断数据链路层连接的情况下，进行工作信道的自动选择和切换进行阐述和说明的。
需要说明的是，AP可以包含多个VAP，一个VAP对应一个信道，每个VAP上配置与工作VAP相同的网络连接信息。这些VAP可以由AP中的同一个网络接口虚拟出的多个逻辑接口，也可以由AP中的多个网络接口虚拟出的多个逻辑接口，网络接口可以为射频物理接口。本领域技术人员可以理解VAP如何创建，本发明实施例不再赘述。例如：AP支持中国的2.4GHz频段为2.412-2.472GHz，该频 段包含13个信道，则AP可以包括VAP1：信道1，VAP2：信道2，。。。，VAP12：信道12，VAP13：信道13。其中，AP与STA连接的过程中，AP使用一个VAP与STA建立连接，称该VAP为工作VAP，即工作VAP为AP上当前为STA提供服务的VAP，工作信道为该工作VAP所在的信道；备用VAP为当前没有为任何STA提供服务的VAP，该备用VAP可以在使用前配置好，也可以在需要使用时才开始配置。因为所有VAP使用相同的网络连接信息，所以AP和STA在进行工作信道切换时，不会出现数据链路层断开连接的现象，从而保证了AP和STA在不断数据链路层连接的情况下，完成工作信道的切换。
步骤200、AP对所述工作信道进行质量检测，获得第一质量检测结果。
需要说明的是，AP可以实时的或者周期性的对所述工作信道进行质量检测。
现有技术中，AP不检测工作信道的质量，当工作信道的质量恶化到无法正常收发数据时，用户会手动断开AP和STA之间的连接，再建立AP和STA之间的连接。在重新建立连接的过程中，AP检测各个信道的质量，从中选择较优信道与STA进行连接，从而达到将工作信道切换到较优信道的目的，整个过程需要用户手动参与，而且AP和STA之间的连接会断开一段时间。
该第一质量检测结果可以包括：该工作信道的接收信号强度指示(Received Signal Strength Indication，RSSI)、该工作信道的包错误率(Packet Error Rate，PER)或该工作信道的信噪比。该质量检测结果还可以包含其他参数，只要能够反映该工作信道质量的参数都可以，本发明实施例不做具体限定。
步骤201、根据该第一质量检测结果确定工作信道是否需要切换，如果工作信道需要切换，执行步骤202，如果工作信道不需要切换，执行步骤200。
AP根据该第一质量检测结果确定工作信道是否需要切换时，需 要将该第一质量检测结果与第一切换条件进行比较，从而确定工作信道是否需要切换。
具体的，当该第一质量检测结果满足第一切换条件时，确定工作信道需要切换，当该第一质量检测结果未满足第一切换条件时，确定工作信道不需要切换。
满足第一切换条件为所述第一质量检测结果中的第一参数的值达到第一参数的预设阈值；或者，所述第一质量检测结果中的第一参数的值达到第一参数的预设阈值，第二参数的值达到第二参数的预设阈值，且第一参数和第二参数的加权值达到加权值的预设阈值。这里的“第一参数”、“第二参数”，代表第一质量检测结果中的任意参数，且也没有数量上的限制，可能包含多个第一参数或者多个第二参数。具体如何设定第一切换条件，本发明实施例不做具体限定。
需要说明的是，“达到”对应参数的预设阈值包括大于或等于对应参数的预设阈值，小于或等于对应参数的预设阈值等，具体表达何种含义需要根据实际参数来限定,因为有些参数越小，链路质量可能越差，相反有些参数越大，链路质量可能越差，还有可能当参数的值等于预设的枚举值表示达到对应的预设阈值。例如，将RSSI值小于或者等于RSSI的预设阈值定义为满足第一切换条件，在这种情况下，确定工作信道需要切换；或者，将RSSI值小于或者等于RSSI的预设阈值，且PER值大于或者等于PER的预设阈值定义为满足第一切换条件，在这种情况下，确定工作信道需要切换。具体采用哪些参数、如何设置参数的预设阈值可以根据产品设计的实际需要进行设定，本发明实施例不做具体限定，只要能够协助识别出需要切换工作信道即可。
需要说明的是，该第一切换条件可以在组网初期配置在AP上或者是AP出厂之前预存的。
步骤202、对多个备用信道进行质量检测，获得多个第二质量检测结果。即每个备用信道会对应一个第二质量检测结果。
需要说明的是，多个备用信道为除工作信道之外的部分信道或者全部信道，多个备用信道使用与所述工作信道相同的网络连接信息。
具体的，可以检测除工作信道之外所有信道，例如：可以依次检测信道2，信道3，。。。，信道12，信道13的质量；也可以检测跟工作信道完全没有干扰的所有信道，例如：可以依次检测信道6，信道7，。。。，信道12，信道13的质量；也可以检测跟工作信道完全没有干扰的部分信道，例如：可以依次检测信道6，信道13。
步骤203、根据多个第二质量检测结果确定目标信道。如图2所示，假设根据多个第二质量检测结果确定信道6为目标信道。这里只是举例说明确定的目标信道为信道6，具体哪个信道作为目标信道要根据实际的检测结果来确定。
根据多个第二质量检测结果确定目标信道，可以采用如下方式进行：
方式一、将多个所述第二质量检测结果进行比较，选择多个所述备用信道中质量最优的信道作为目标信道，这样，可以从备用信道中选出最优的信道为STA服务，从而达到网络优化的目的。
方式二、所述AP将多个所述第二质量检测结果与第二切换条件进行比较；选择所述第二质量检测结果满足所述第二切换条件的信道作为目标信道。其中，满足所述第二切换条件为多个所述第二质量检测结果中的第二参数的值达到第二参数的预设阈值；或者，所述第二质量检测结果中的第二参数的值达到第二参数的预设阈值，第三参数的值达到第三参数的预设阈值，且第二参数和第三参数的加权值达到加权值的预设阈值。这里的“第二参数”、“第三参数”，代表第二质量检测结果中的任意参数，且也没有数量上的限制，可能包含多个第二参数或者多个第三参数。具体如何设定第二切换条件，本发明实施例不做具体限定。
具体的，AP可以对所有备用信道进行质量检测后，再确定目标信道。AP可以检测所有备用信道的信道质量，从多个所述第二质量检测结果中随机选择一个比较对象。当所述比较对象未满足第二切 换条件时，该所述比较对象对应的信道不可以作为目标信道，则选择下一个比较对象；当所述比较对象满足第二切换条件时，确定该比较对象对应的信道为目标信道。这样，可以快速的确定目标信道，因此也就可以快速的完成工作信道的切换，从而尽快解决工作信道质量恶化所引发的的问题。
当然，AP也可以将所有所述第二质量检测结果与第二切换条件进行比较，获得满足第二切换条件的信道，然后从获得的信道中随机选择一个信道作为目标信道，也可以获得的信道中选择最优的信道作为目标信道。
AP也可以检测一个备用信道的信道质量，得到一个所述第二质量检测结果，就将所述第二质量检测结果作为比较对象，确定该备用信道是否可以作为目标信道。具体的，可以检测跟工作信道完全没有干扰的部分信道，例如：工作信道为信道1，那么AP可以依次检测信道6，信道13。当对检测信道6进行质量检测得到第二检测结果后，就判断信道6是否满足第二切换条件。若判断信道6满足第二切换条件，则AP直接可以将信道6确定为目标信道。此种情况下，AP仅对一个备用信道进行质量检测，无需再对其他备用信道进行质量检测。在其他情况下，即使AP需要对多个备用信道进行质量检测，也会尽快确定目标信道。这样，AP可以在更加快速的确定目标信道，因此，AP也就可以快速的完成工作信道的切换，从而尽快解决工作信道质量恶化所引发的的问题。
需要说明的是，本申请中的两种切换条件，即第一切换条件，第二切换条件，使用的参数都是质量检测中的参数，区别在于各个参数的对应的预设阈值是不同的，如果按照链路质量优劣顺序来描述，满足第二切换条件时的链路质量优于满足第一切换条件时的链路质量。即，当AP检测到工作信道的RSSI小于R1(第一切换条件)，表明当前的网络状态已经不好，需要启动该工作信道的切换，否则就会出现丢包等情况；启动该工作信道的切换时，AP需要检测备用 信道的RSSI，选择RSSI大于R2(第二切换条件)的信道作为目标从设备，R2大于R1。
步骤204、AP发送通知消息通知STA进行工作信道切换，该通知消息中携带该目标信道(信道6)。如图2中仅以一个STA作为示例，若使用该工作信道和AP进行数据传输的STA有多个，AP需要向所有使用该工作信道和AP进行数据传输的STA发送该通知消息，以使的所有STA都将工作信道切换至目标信道。
可选的，可以采用802.11h中CSA Notify消息作为通知消息，CSA Notify消息具体结构如下：
Category Action Channel Switch Announcement element
其中，Category：占一个字节，固定取值0，表示频谱管理；Action：占一个字节，固定取值4，表示此帧为CSA；Channel Switch Announcement element：占5个字节，每个字节用于存放一个字段，其格式及字段含义如下：
Figure PCTCN2016094411-appb-000001
其中，Length：固定取值为3；Channel Switch Mode：设置为1，通知STA，AP将要下发新的工作信道；New Channel Number：新工作信道的取值；Channel Switch Count：新信道切换时机，0表示CSA报文后的任意随机时机，1表示固定的时间周期后启动切换。
步骤205、STA将工作信道切换至所述目标信道(信道6)。在图2中，STA将工作信道切换至信道6。
STA可以根据CSA消息中指定的切换时机完成工作信道切换。当然，AP也可以不给STA指定切换时机，由STA自行决定何时进行工作信道的切换。
可选的，STA可以在工作信道切换完成后，向AP发送工作信道 切换完成的响应消息。这样，通过该响应消息，AP就可以了解到STA的工作信道已经切换完成，可以进行下一步的操作，例如执行步骤206；如果AP超过预设时间没有收到该响应消息，AP可以重新发送通知消息，以再次通知STA该目标信道，从而保证AP和STA成功完成工作信道的切换。
步骤206、AP将所述工作信道切换至所述目标信道。如图2所示，AP将所检测的工作信道切换至信道6。因为一个VAP对应一个信道，那么既然工作信道切换了，工作VAP也会随之切换，即AP使用与信道6对应的VAP(VAP6)在信道6上与STA进行数据传输。
AP可以收到STA的上述响应消息后，将该目标信道配置成为STA服务的工作信道，也可以不用等待STA的响应消息，直接将目标信道配置成为STA服务的工作信道。
到此，工作信道切换完成，AP在新的工作信道(目标信道)上与STA进行数据传输。工作信道切换前，AP和STA使用VAP1(与信道1对应的VAP)通过信道1进行数据传输，工作信道切换后，AP和STA使用VAP6(与信道6对应的VAP)通过信道6进行数据传输。
因此，本发明实施例提供一种信道的自动选择和切换的方法，在AP和STA连接成功后，所述AP对工作信道进行质量检测，然后根据质量检测结果确定所述工作信道是否需要切换，若所述工作信道需要切换，所述AP对备用信道进行质量检测，若存在质量较优的备用信道，则启动AP和STA的信道切换，由于备用信道使用和工作信道相同的网络连接信息，所以AP和STA在进行工作信道切换时，不会出现数据链路层断开连接的现象，从而保证了AP和STA在不断数据链路层连接的情况下，完成工作信道的切换。
图3为本发明实施例提供的AP与至少一个STA的一种连接图(信道切换后)。图3为图1中的AP和STA执行图2所示的信道自动选择和切换流程后，AP上为STA提供服务的工作VAP从VAP1切换成了VAP6，AP和STA的工作信道从信道1切换成了信道6。
图4为本发明实施例提供的AP与至少一个STA的另一种连接图 (信道切换前)，如图4所示，AP上配置多个VAP，一个VAP可以为一个STA或者多个STA提供服务。图4中仅示出信道切换前的部分信息，例如VAP1的工作信道为信道1，即AP使用VAP1通过信道1为STA1和STA2提供服务；VAP13的工作信道为信道13，即AP使用VAP13通过信道13为STAm提供服务。
图5为本发明实施例提供的AP与至少一个STA的另一种连接图(信道切换后)，此时，VAP1的工作信道质量恶化，VAP13的工作信道正常。图5为图4中的AP和多个STA执行图2所示的信道自动选择和切换流程后，AP中的VAP1和STA1、STA2的工作信道从信道1切换成了信道6，工作VAP切换成了VAP6，VAP13和STAm的工作信道和工作VAP不变。
需要说明的是，AP上可以只存在一个工作VAP，则相应的只存在一个工作信道，如图1所示，AP上存在VAP1，此时，AP仅需要对VAP1的工作信道进行质量检测；AP上也可以存在多个工作VAP，则相应的AP上存在多个工作信道，如图3所示，AP上存在VAP1和VAP13，则相应的AP上存在两个工作信道，此时，AP需要对VAP1的工作信道和VAP13的工作信道进行质量检测，均可采用如图2所示的方法对两个工作信道进行检测。
图6为本发明实施例提供的信道自动选择和切换的另一种流程图，图6是在图2基础上做了部分修改，下面仅对修改部分进行详细阐述，相同部分见图2部分的相关描述。
在步骤203之后，步骤204之前，该方法还包括：
步骤601、AP暂停向STA发送数据。这样，保证AP向STA发送的数据不丢失。
在步骤204之后，步骤205之前，该方法还包括：
步骤602、STA暂停向AP发送数据。这样，保证STA向AP发送的数据不丢失。
因此，本发明实施例提供一种信道的自动选择和切换的方法，在AP向STA发送工作信道切换的消息之前，暂停向STA发送数据；在 STA进行工作信道切换之前，先暂停向AP发送数据，待AP和STA的工作信道都切换到目标信道后，AP和STA之间的数据传输可以正常启动，这样，有效的保证了AP和STA之间发送的数据的完整性。
在本发明实施例提供一种信道的自动选择和切换的上述方法中，可以将信道切换的提示信息呈现在STA上，以提示STA的用户，AP自动完成了信道的优化，解决了工作信道质量恶化的问题，从而有效的提高了AP和STA的用户体验。具体的提示方法可以是在STA的屏幕上以文字方式提醒STA的用户，也可以以声音方式提醒STA的用户，具体采用何种方式，需要根据实际需要设定，本发明不做具体限定。
本发明实施例提供一种AP，请参阅图7，图7为本发明实施例提供的AP的结构示意图，包括：处理器71、网络接口72、存储器73和通信总线74，其中，所述通信总线74用于实现所述处理器71、网络接口72和存储器73之间连接通信，所述网络接口72包含一个或者多个VAP，所述VAP用于为一个或者多个STA提供服务，所述处理器71执行所述存储器73中存储的上述AP所执行的程序。
本发明实施例提供一种STA，请参阅图8，图8为本发明实施例提供的STA的结构示意图，包括：处理器81、网络接口82、存储器83和通信总线84，其中，所述通信总线84用于实现所述处理器81、网络接口82和存储器83之间连接通信，所述处理器81执行所述存储器83中存储的上述所述STA所执行的程序。
本发明实施例提供一种信道的自动选择和切换系统，包括如图7所示的AP和图8所示的STA。
本发明的说明书和权利要求书及所述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”和“第三”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序。还应当理解，本文中使用的术语“或”是指包含一个或多个相关联的列出项目的任何或所有可能组合。进一步应当理解，本文中采用的术语“包括”规定了所述的特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在，而不排除一个或多个其他特征、整体、步骤、 操作、元件、部件和/或它们的组的存在或附加。
实现上述方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成，前述的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，执行包括上述方法实施例的步骤；而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(Read Only Memory，简称ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，简称RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种信道的自动选择和切换的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    在接入点(Access Point,AP)使用工作VAP(Virtual Access Point，VAP)与工作站(Station,STA)建立连接后，所述AP对工作信道进行质量检测，获得第一质量检测结果；所述工作VAP为所述AP为所述STA提供服务的VAP，所述工作信道为所述工作VAP所在的信道；
    所述AP根据所述第一质量检测结果确定所述工作信道是否需要切换；
    若所述工作信道需要切换，所述AP对多个备用信道进行质量检测，获得多个第二质量检测结果；多个所述备用信道为除所述工作信道之外的部分信道或者全部信道；多个所述备用信道使用与所述工作信道相同的网络连接信息；
    所述AP根据多个所述第二质量检测结果确定目标信道；
    所述AP发送通知消息通知所述STA进行工作信道切换，所述通知消息中携带所述目标信道；
    所述STA将所述工作信道切换至所述目标信道；
    所述AP将所述工作信道切换至所述目标信道。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述AP根据所述第二质量检测结果确定目标信道之后，所述AP发送通知消息通知所述STA进行工作信道切换之前，所述AP暂停向STA发送数据；
    所述STA接收到通知消息之后，所述STA将所述工作信道切换至所述目标信道之前，所述STA暂停向所述AP发送数据。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述AP根据所述第一质量检测结果确定所述工作信道是否需要切换包括：
    所述AP根据所述第一质量检测结果是否满足第一切换条件的结果，确定所述工作信道是否需要切换；
    满足第一切换条件为所述第一质量检测结果中的第一参数的值 达到第一参数的预设阈值；或者，所述第一质量检测结果中的第一参数的值达到第一参数的预设阈值，第二参数的值达到第二参数的预设阈值，且第一参数和第二参数的加权值达到加权值的预设阈值。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述AP根据多个所述第二质量检测结果确定目标信道包括：
    所述AP将多个所述第二质量检测结果进行比较，选择多个所述备用信道中质量最优的信道作为目标信道。
  5. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述AP根据多个所述第二质量检测结果确定目标信道包括：
    所述AP将多个所述第二质量检测结果与第二切换条件进行比较；
    选择所述第二质量检测结果满足所述第二切换条件的信道作为目标信道；
    满足所述第二切换条件为多个所述第二质量检测结果中的第二参数的值达到第二参数的预设阈值；或者，所述第二质量检测结果中的第二参数的值达到第二参数的预设阈值，第三参数的值达到第三参数的预设阈值，且第二参数和第三参数的加权值达到加权值的预设阈值。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述网络连接信息包括服务集标识(Service Set Identifier,SSID)，基础服务器集标识(Basic Service Set Identifier,BSSID)，加密模式、密钥信息、状态机信息或用户设备的标识。
  7. 一种信道的自动选择和切换的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    在接入点(Access Point,AP)使用工作VAP(Virtual Access Point，VAP)与工作站(Station,STA)建立连接后，所述AP对工作信道进行质量检测，获得第一质量检测结果；所述工作VAP为所述AP为所述STA提供服务的VAP，所述工作信道为所述工作VAP 所在的信道；
    所述AP根据所述第一质量检测结果确定所述工作信道是否需要切换；
    若所述工作信道需要切换，所述AP对多个备用信道进行质量检测，获得多个第二质量检测结果；多个所述备用信道为除所述工作信道之外的部分信道或者全部信道；多个所述备用信道使用与所述工作信道相同的网络连接信息；
    所述AP根据多个所述第二质量检测结果确定目标信道；
    所述AP发送通知消息通知所述STA进行工作信道切换，所述通知消息中携带所述目标信道，以使所述STA将所述工作信道切换至所述目标信道；
    所述AP将所述工作信道切换至所述目标信道。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述AP根据所述第二质量检测结果确定目标信道之后，所述AP发送通知消息通知所述STA进行工作信道切换之前，所述AP暂停向STA发送数据。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述AP根据所述第一质量检测结果确定所述工作信道是否需要切换包括：
    所述AP根据所述第一质量检测结果是否满足第一切换条件的结果，确定所述工作信道是否需要切换；
    满足第一切换条件为所述第一质量检测结果中的第一参数的值达到第一参数的预设阈值；或者，所述第一质量检测结果中的第一参数的值达到第一参数的预设阈值，第二参数的值达到第二参数的预设阈值，且第一参数和第二参数的加权值达到加权值的预设阈值。
  10. 根据权利要求7至9任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述AP根据多个所述第二质量检测结果确定目标信道包括：
    所述AP将多个所述第二质量检测结果进行比较，选择多个所述备用信道中质量最优的信道作为目标信道。
  11. 根据权利要求7至9任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述AP根据多个所述第二质量检测结果确定目标信道包括：
    所述AP将多个所述第二质量检测结果与第二切换条件进行比较；
    选择所述第二质量检测结果满足所述第二切换条件的信道作为目标信道；
    满足所述第二切换条件为多个所述第二质量检测结果中的第二参数的值达到第二参数的预设阈值；或者，所述第二质量检测结果中的第二参数的值达到第二参数的预设阈值，第三参数的值达到第三参数的预设阈值，且第二参数和第三参数的加权值达到加权值的预设阈值。
  12. 根据权利要求7至11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述网络连接信息包括服务集标识(Service Set Identifier,SSID)，基础服务器集标识(Basic Service Set Identifier,BSSID)，加密模式、密钥信息、状态机信息或用户设备的标识。
  13. 一种无线AP，其特征在于，包括：处理器、网络接口、存储器和通信总线，其中，所述通信总线用于实现所述处理器、网络接口和存储器之间的通信，所述处理器执行所述存储器中存储的程序执行如下步骤：
    在接入点(Access Point,AP)使用工作VAP(Virtual Access Point，VAP)与工作站(Station,STA)建立连接后，所述AP对工作信道进行质量检测，获得第一质量检测结果；所述工作VAP为所述AP为所述STA提供服务的VAP，所述工作信道为所述工作VAP所在的信道；
    根据所述第一质量检测结果确定所述工作信道是否需要切换；
    若所述工作信道需要切换，对多个备用信道进行质量检测，获得多个第二质量检测结果；多个所述备用信道为除所述工作信道之外的部分信道或者全部信道；多个所述备用信道使用与所述工作信道相同的网络连接信息；
    根据多个所述第二质量检测结果确定目标信道；
    发送通知消息通知所述STA进行工作信道切换，所述通知消息中携带所述目标信道，以使所述STA将所述工作信道切换至所述目标信道；
    将所述工作信道切换至所述目标信道。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的无线AP，其特征在于，所述处理器还用于执行如下步骤：
    所述AP根据所述第二质量检测结果确定目标信道之后，所述AP发送通知消息通知所述STA进行工作信道切换之前，所述AP暂停向STA发送数据。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的无线AP，其特征在于，所述处理器执行根据所述第一质量检测结果确定所述工作信道是否需要切换的步骤，具体包括：
    根据所述第一质量检测结果是否满足第一切换条件的结果，确定所述工作信道是否需要切换；
    满足第一切换条件为所述第一质量检测结果中的第一参数的值达到第一参数的预设阈值；或者，所述第一质量检测结果中的第一参数的值达到第一参数的预设阈值，第二参数的值达到第二参数的预设阈值，且第一参数和第二参数的加权值达到加权值的预设阈值。
  16. 根据权利要求13至15任一项所述的无线AP，其特征在于，所述处理器执行根据多个所述第二质量检测结果确定目标信道包括：的步骤，具体包括：
    所述AP将多个所述第二质量检测结果进行比较，选择多个所述备用信道中质量最优的信道作为目标信道。
  17. 根据权利要求13至15任一项所述的无线AP，其特征在于，所述处理器执行根据多个所述第二质量检测结果确定目标信道包括：的步骤，具体包括：
    将多个所述第二质量检测结果与第二切换条件进行比较；
    选择所述第二质量检测结果满足所述第二切换条件的信道作为 目标信道；
    满足所述第二切换条件为多个所述第二质量检测结果中的第二参数的值达到第二参数的预设阈值；或者，所述第二质量检测结果中的第二参数的值达到第二参数的预设阈值，第三参数的值达到第三参数的预设阈值，且第二参数和第三参数的加权值达到加权值的预设阈值。
  18. 根据权利要求13至17任一项所述的无线AP，其特征在于，
    所述网络连接信息包括服务集标识(Service Set Identifier,SSID)，基础服务器集标识(Basic Service Set Identifier,BSSID)，加密模式、密钥信息、状态机信息或用户设备的标识。
  19. 一种信道的自动选择和切换的系统，所述系统包括：STA和如权利要求13-18任一项所述的无线AP。
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