Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
  • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
  • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
  • H01F27/2823—Wires
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
  • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
  • H01F27/288—Shielding
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
  • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
  • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
  • H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
  • H04B5/79—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for data transfer in combination with power transfer
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
  • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
  • H01F27/2823—Wires
  • H01F2027/2833—Wires using coaxial cable as wire

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device for generating or for receiving alternating magnetic fields.
• Such devices are basically known and each comprise an electrical coil, which is energized to generate a magnetic alternating field by means of an AC voltage. But the coil can also serve to receive a magnetic alternating field by the voltage which is induced in the coil due to the magnetic alternating field flowing through the coil, is tapped at the terminals of the coil.
• Devices of the above type which may also be referred to as magnetic antennas are used, for example, for electrical power transmission, in particular for the wireless electrical supply of battery or battery-powered electrical consumers. Further applications are in communication technology (transmission of communication signals) and measurement technology (eg magnetic field probes).
• a problem of the devices mentioned is the electromagnetic losses that occur during operation, which can negatively influence, for example, the efficiency of an electrical power transmission. In other words, the respective efficiency of the devices is not satisfactory. For this reason, attempts are made by means of suitable electronic circuits to influence the resonance behavior of a respective device in such a way that the efficiency of the device is increased at least at the operating point (eg at a certain AC voltage frequency). Ideally, the frequency at which a so-called resonant peak of the device assumes its maximum value agrees with the AC voltage frequency at which the device is to be operated.
• An electronic circuit for generating a desired resonant overshoot comprises, for example, a rotary capacitor which is coupled to a coil provided for generating or receiving magnetic alternating fields.
• additional capacitors and inductors can be used to force a certain resonance peak.
• the cost of such an electronic "resonance optimization circuit" and the cost of calibrating this circuit is a significant drawback, so there is a need for a simpler and more cost-effective solution for resonance optimization.
• a coil arrangement which comprises at least one primary coil with at least one turn and at least one secondary coil provided with at least one turn for selectively influencing the resonance behavior of the coil arrangement.
• the primary coil has a main conductor and a shielding conductor surrounding the main conductor at least in sections, the shielding conductor being electrically conductively connected to the main conductor and having at least one section which is electrically interrupted.
• the primary coil can also be referred to as a payload coil, the secondary coil functioning as an auxiliary coil in order to selectively influence the resonance behavior of the entire coil arrangement, in particular of the primary coil.
• selective influencing is understood as a deliberate change towards a desired state. This also includes an optimization based on predetermined criteria, such as a resonance peak in a certain frequency range or a maximum impedance to be met. In other words, the selective influence on improving the quality of the Be designed primary coil or the so-called Q or quality factor.
• Both the primary coil and the secondary coil can each be designed as a simple - single or multi-turn - conductor loop ("ring antenna"), wherein the conductor, for example, is bent back on itself circular.
• the primary coil is at least partially electrically isolated, whereby unwanted electrical contacts of the primary coil are prevented.
• the coil arrangement according to the invention combines several advantages. On the one hand, the coil arrangement does not require a complex resonance optimization circuit. To influence the resonance behavior, one or more secondary coils are used, in particular exclusively. This solution has proven to be surprisingly effective and has the advantage of low cost and ease of implementation. Furthermore, the, in particular inductive, impedance of the primary coil may be lower than in conventional influencing of the resonance behavior by means of a separate electronic circuit. In the latter case, the oscillation in the coil against the low efficiency of the coil (high damping) has been forced to some extent. In the case of the coil arrangement according to the invention, on the other hand, the efficiency is directly increased by reducing the damping of the oscillation itself. The power losses can be significantly reduced. In particular, losses converted into waste heat are reduced, so that the coil arrangement according to the invention heats up less in operation than conventionally resonance-optimized coils.
• the inventive solution is characterized by a clever configuration of a main and Ableleiters.
• the shielding conductor has the task of freeing the electromagnetic field emanating from the main conductor from the electric field component, so that beyond the range If possible, a pure magnetic alternating field remains, which represents the useful field.
• the shield conductor can function as the electrical terminal of the primary coil from the point where the main conductor is connected to the shield conductor.
• an alternating electrical voltage can be applied between the main conductor and the shielding conductor.
• the electrically discontinuous portion of the shield conductor is preferably positioned so that the shield conductor in the coil does not form an electrically shorted ring to avoid unwanted short circuit currents.
• the secondary coil is preferably designed so that short-circuit currents are avoided in the secondary coil.
• the terminals of the secondary coil may be open. This has proved to be a particularly efficient measure to achieve the desired resonance behavior.
• the coil arrangement is preferably operated at correspondingly high alternating voltage or alternating magnetic field frequencies, so that the so-called skin effect in the shielding conductor comes to bear for suppression of the electric field, eg at frequencies of 1 MHz and more.
• the advantages according to the invention can also be achieved at lower frequencies in suitable configurations.
• the secondary coil is designed to selectively influence the resonant behavior of the coil assembly.
• the type and degree of influencing may be dependent on at least one of the following parameters: number of turns of the primary coil and / or the at least one secondary coil, diameter of the primary coil and / or the at least one secondary coil, position of the at least one secondary coil relative to the primary coil
• the secondary coil is designed and arranged in spatial proximity to the primary coil such that it can interact with the primary coil, at least at a desired operating point, for example a specific AC voltage frequency.
• the primary coil can optionally be designed in different ways. Detailed examples thereof, in particular with regard to the connection between the main and the shielding conductor as well as to the electrically interrupted section of the shielding conductor, are given below.
• the coil arrangement can comprise both a plurality of primary coils and a plurality of secondary coils, wherein these can be designed and arranged independently of each other differently.
• all coils of the coil assembly need not necessarily be arranged symmetrically. If a plurality of primary coils are provided, then they can be connected in parallel or in series, ie be electrically connected to one another.
• a common voltage tap can be used for all primary coils. be seen or it may be an AC voltage via a common electrical connection to all primary coils are applied.
• the at least one secondary coil has a main conductor and a shielding conductor surrounding the main conductor at least in sections.
• the shielding conductor of the secondary coil can be electrically insulated from the main conductor and / or formed without interruption. But this does not necessarily have to be this way.
• the primary coil and the secondary coil may be similar or even identical. It should be noted, however, that the secondary coil is preferably a purely passive device, i. without supply voltage or voltage tap. Accordingly, the secondary coil may be e.g. be formed without electrical connections. It is understood that the primary coil and the secondary coil should not be electrically connected to each other. According to the invention, only an essentially magnetic field-based inductive interaction is desired between the two coils or coil groups.
• the primary coil and / or the secondary coil are at least partially formed as coaxial cable, ie, the main conductor (soul) is coaxially arranged in the Ableleiter, which is formed cylindrically hollow. Electrical insulation material may be provided between the main conductor and the shielding conductor. In addition, the shielding conductor may be surrounded by insulating material.
• the coaxial cable provided for the primary and / or secondary coil can be designed as a commercially available coaxial cable, which is available on the market in virtually unlimited and cost-effective manner. Commercially available coaxial cables are usually flexible, so that a coil can be made particularly simple and easily adapted to the dimensions of a housing in the course of a later assembly.
• coaxial cable-like conductors for example, comprise an insulated conductor with subsequently wrapped shielding.
• the at least one secondary coil is arranged coaxially with the primary coil.
• the design of the coil assembly can thereby be made comparatively compact.
• the at least one secondary coil can be attached directly or indirectly to the primary coil.
• the secondary coil can be fastened, for example, with known cable ties directly to the primary coil, wherein an electrical contact between the primary coil and the secondary coil can be excluded due to an insulation surrounding at least the shielding conductor of the primary coil.
• Indirect attachment may e.g. be realized by a common frame on which both the primary coil and the secondary coil - in particular at a well-defined distance from each other - are attached. The arrangement of the coils to each other can thus be realized easily and inexpensively.
• a particularly compact design can be achieved if the diameter of the secondary coil is at least substantially equal to the diameter of the primary coil.
• the degree of influence of the resonance behavior by the secondary coil can also be improved thereby.
• the invention further relates to a system having at least one first coil arrangement for generating alternating magnetic fields and at least one second coil arrangement for receiving alternating magnetic fields, wherein the first and / or the second coil arrangement according to at least one of the above are formed described embodiments.
• the resonance behavior of the first coil arrangement and the resonance behavior of the second coil arrangement are adapted to each other, wherein a mutual influence of the two Spulenan- orders can be considered.
• the respective resonance behavior is substantially the same, so that the two coil arrangements can be coupled resonantly inductively and results in a particularly high overall efficiency for the system.
• first and second coil arrangements each of which can be designed differently and do not necessarily have to be arranged symmetrically.
• the first and second coil arrangements are preferably arranged relative to one another in such a way that the "magnetic field lines" extend at least predominantly in the same direction through all the coil arrangements, ie are not oriented relative to one another.
• the coil arrangements are preferably operated synchronously, ie that in particular the primary coils are energized simultaneously or an induced voltage at the same time is tapped at all primary coils.
• Another object of the invention is the use of a coil assembly according to at least one of the embodiments described above for the wireless supply of an electrical energy storage device, in particular a mobile electrical or electronic device, with electrical energy.
• the coil assembly for inductive charging of mobile electrical see or electronic consumers are used, in particular of purely electric or hybrid motor vehicles or mobile communication devices, eg smartphones or tablets.
• the invention further includes the use of a system of the kind described above, wherein the primary coil of the first coil arrangement is coupled to an electrical supply network and the primary coil of the second coil arrangement is coupled to an electrical energy store, in particular a mobile electrical or electronic device.
• the said application for inductive charging can also be carried out with the system according to the invention.
• the coupling of the first coil arrangement with the electrical supply network does not have to be designed so that there is an electrically conductive connection between the first coil arrangement and the supply network. Instead of such a connection, an inductive coupling can also be provided.
• the coupling between the second coil arrangement and the electrical energy store for example battery or rechargeable battery).
• Advantageous applications for a coil arrangement according to the invention or a system according to the invention are also in the electrical connection of closed systems which are not wired, e.g. by means of an electrical plug, can or should be supplied.
• this relates to "sealing systems" which have a specially adapted pressure in a housing or a e.g. include or keep away from liquid media (e.g., waterproof mobile phones or cameras).
• the energy supply of electrical implants, which are implanted in the body of a human or animal, can be accomplished wirelessly using the invention.
• a coil arrangement according to the invention or a system according to the invention can also be used to transmit data.
• a corresponding system comprises at least two such coil arrangements.
• the secondary coil of the first coil arrangement is coupled to a data source and the secondary coil of the second coil arrangement is coupled to a data receiver, and vice versa.
• Such a system allows not only the transmission of energy but also the transmission of information that can be used, for example, to control the transmission of energy. In principle, however, other types of data are also transferable.
• FIGS. 1 to 7 each show a coordinate system in which at least one experimentally determined curve of the magnetic induction over the frequency is indicated below - with regard to the determination of Re - sonanz s - also called resonance spectrum.
• Fig. 8 different embodiments of the primary coil are shown. In detail shows:
• FIG. 2 shows the resonance spectrum of FIG. 1 as well as resonance spectra of various coil arrangements according to the invention, each having a primary coil with one turn and with different secondary coils;
• FIG. 3 shows resonance spectra of various coil arrangements according to the invention, each having a primary coil with two turns and with different secondary coils
• FIG. 4 shows further resonance spectra of different coil arrangements according to the invention, each having a primary coil with two turns and with different secondary coils
• FIG. 5 shows resonance spectra of various coil arrangements according to the invention, each having a primary coil with three windings and with different secondary coils;
• FIG. 6 shows resonance spectra of various coil arrangements according to the invention, each having a primary coil with four turns and with different secondary coils;
• FIG. 7 shows resonance spectra of various coil arrangements according to the invention, each having a primary coil with five turns and with different secondary coils;
• Fig. 8a is a perspective view of a coaxial cable
• FIG. 9a shows systems in a schematic representation, each with at least one to 9d first and at least one second coil arrangement.
• the same or similar parts may be identified by the same reference numerals.
• the resonance spectrum 10a is entered in a coordinate system 12 which has the dimension "AC voltage” on the x-axis 14. and the dimension “magnetic induction factor” is provided on the y-axis 16.
• the x-axis 14 covers a range from 0 to 6 MHz
• the magnetic induction factor indicated with respect to the y-axis 16 is the ratio of induced to fed-in voltage.
• the induced voltage is the AC voltage which is applied to the primary coil for generating the alternating magnetic field
• the induced voltage is the voltage which is produced by the generated magnetic alternating field, for example in a magnetic field measuring probe (at a defined distance from the primary coil) in other words, how efficiently the supply voltage is converted into an inductively measured magnetic field (B field) .
• the magnetic induction factor is also referred to below as efficiency.
• the resonance spectrum 10a comprises a plurality of discrete measurement points 18, the resonance spectrum 10a being interpolated between the individual measurement points 18.
• the resonance spectrum 10a has no resonance peak, i. the resonance spectrum 10a is substantially flat in the measuring range, so that the efficiency is substantially the same regardless of the frequency.
• To influence the resonance behavior of the primary coil i.
• at least one secondary coil (not shown) can now be brought into the near field of the primary coil, so that a coil arrangement according to the invention (not shown) results.
• Correspondingly resulting resonance spectra 10b to 10f are shown in FIG. 2, wherein the resonance spectrum 10a of FIG. 1 is likewise entered in FIG. 2 in order to facilitate a comparison of the spectra 10a to 10f.
• the range of resonance peaking in the actual coil arrangement used at the resonance spectrum 10f is approximately equal to the resonance spectrum 10d
• the bandwidth is approximately doubled
• Other coil configurations may result in different peaks or displacements In Fig.
• the primary and secondary coils have only been laid loosely against each other (as with the other resonance spectra 10a-f, 20a-c and 20e-f).
• the primary and secondary coils were packed in a common tube with a tube diameter of about 5 cm.
• the resonant spectrum 20d "has been determined for an arrangement in which the primary and secondary coils are tightly lashed together by means of cable ties. As can be seen, the magnitude of the resonance peak at the resonance spectra 20d 'and 20d" decreases in comparison to the resonance spectrum 20d.
• the resonance spectrum 30a differs from the resonance spectra 30b to 30e in that when determining the resonance spectrum 30a, no secondary coil was located in the near field of the primary coil.
• FIGS. 8b to 8f Different variants of "RF coax B-field coils" 22 in a respective longitudinal sectional view are shown in FIGS. 8b to 8f.
• Each of the illustrated RF coax B-field coils 22 may function as a primary coil of a coil assembly (not shown) of the present invention.
• a respective RF coax B-field coil 22 is made of a coaxial cable 24, a portion of which is shown in perspective in Fig. 8a.
• the coaxial cable 24 comprises a main conductor 26 and a hollow cylindrical Ableleiter 28, wherein between the main conductor 26 and the Ableleiter 28 electrical insulation material 32 extends.
• the shielding conductor 28 may also be provided by an electrically insulating jacket (not shown), e.g. Plastic, be surrounded. It is understood that the shield conductor 28 is preferably circumferentially, i. around the main conductor 26, is closed.
• the main conductor 26 is electrically connected to the shield conductor 28 after one turn.
• the shielding conductor 28 has two sections 34 and 34 ', which are electrically interrupted.
• the main conductor 26 is electrically connected to the shielding conductor 28 after half a turn.
• the shielding conductor 28 in turn has a portion 34 which is electrically interrupted.
• the left side leg of the shielding conductor 28 (half turn) is electrically connected to the right leg of the shielding conductor 28.
• the main conductor 26 in the left leg is connected neither to the shielding conductor 28 nor to the main conductor 26 in the right leg.
• the main conductor 26 is again electrically connected to the shield conductor 28 after one turn (as in FIG. 8b).
• the shielding conductor 28 has after half a turn a portion 34 which is electrically interrupted.
• the left side leg of the shield conductor 28 (half turn) is electrically connected to the right leg of the shield conductor 28 (as in FIG. 8c).
• the main conductor 26 is electrically connected after one turn to the shield conductor 28 (as in Figure 8b).
• the shield conductor 28 has an electrically interrupted section 34 'after one turn. Compared with the embodiment shown in FIG. 8b, section 34 is therefore missing here.
• the RF coax B-field coil 22 of FIG. 8f corresponds to the RF coax B-field coil 22 of FIG. 8d, with the main conductor 26 additionally electrically connected to the shield conductor 28 after half a turn.
• the respective electrically interrupted section 34, 34 'need not necessarily be arranged at the position shown in the respective embodiment.
• section 34 must be e.g. 8b should not be positioned after half a turn.
• RF coax B-field coils 22 are shown by way of example only with regard to their basic structure. Of course, the number of turns can be increased with otherwise constant construction. All resonant spectra 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 shown in the figures have been determined with a respective primary coil of the type of RF coax B-field coil 22 of FIG. 8d (with different number of turns and a coil diameter of 60 cm, Secondary coil except for spectra 20d ', 20d "loosely applied to primary coil). The determination of a respective resonance spectrum 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 may include an averaging of individual measurement instances (individual measurement of a resonance spectrum).
• the resonance spectra shown in the figures have experimental character, ie the specific design of the resonance spectrum may differ in individual cases, depending on the measurement conditions, from the courses shown.
• the resonant spectra shown demonstrate the effect of the invention, namely, to selectively affect the resonant behavior of a coil assembly through at least one secondary coil.
• FIGS. 9a to 9d show various systems 35 each having at least one first coil arrangement 36a for generating alternating magnetic fields and at least one second coil arrangement 38a for receiving alternating magnetic fields.
• the coil assemblies 36a, 38a include a primary coil P and two secondary coils S.
• the arrangement "SSP" (viewed from above) shown in Fig. 9a may be different in both the first and second coil assemblies 36a, 38a, thus “ PLC “or” PSS ". This also applies analogously to the embodiments of FIGS. 9b to 9d.
• each coil arrangement 36a-36e, 38a-38d can be adapted individually (eg with regard to the number and configuration of the coils P, S and their relative arrangement) in order to optimize the properties of the respective system 35.
• the coil assemblies 36a, 38a are arranged coaxially with each other, wherein a large part of extending through the coil assemblies 36a, 38a magnetic alternating field outside of the coil assemblies 36a, 38a extends, which is indicated by magnetic field lines 40 purely schematically.
• the system 35 of FIG. 9b corresponds to the system 35 of FIG.
• FIG. 9a wherein additionally a further first coil arrangement 36b and a further second coil arrangement 38b are provided which operate synchronously (eg connected in parallel or in series with the adjacent coil arrangement 36a, 38a) can be.
• the system 35 of FIG. 9a is thus effectively doubled, with the coil assemblies 36a, 36b and 38a, 38b each being rotated through 180 ° so that the common magnetic field extends in the same direction through all the coil assemblies (see arrowed magnetic field lines 40 in FIG. 9b).
• an advantageous increase in the magnetic flux which promotes system efficiency, can be achieved.
• This can also be recognized by the changed shape of the alternating magnetic field (compare schematic magnetic field lines 40), which, in comparison to the system 35 of FIG.
• first and second coil arrangements 36a, 36b and 38a, 38b in FIG. 9b need not necessarily be rotated by 180 ° in each case in order to achieve the same-direction magnetic field.
• the direction of energization of the primary coils P can also be changed.
• the arrangement of the primary coils P and secondary coils S therefore also be mirror-symmetrical.
• the proportion of the alternating magnetic field which extends through the coil arrangements 36, 38 and thus can be used effectively can be further increased by supplementing the system 35 with further coil arrangements 36c, 38c.
• a further first coil arrangement 36c and a further second coil arrangement 38c are arranged at an angle of 90 ° relative to the coil arrangements 36a, 36b, 38a, 38b, which can each be connected in parallel.
• An advantage of this variant is that the coil arrangements 36a to 36c or 38a to 38c at least at an angle of 90 ° with respect to their resonance behavior at most slightly influence each other. It is shown in FIG.
• the system 35 may be supplemented by additional first and second coil assemblies 36d, 36e and 38d, 38e which, by way of example only, are each at an angle of 45 ° relative to the other first and second coil assemblies 36a-36c and 38a-38c are arranged.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
• Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
• Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
• Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
• Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

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• 2016
  • 2016-07-27 DE DE102016113839.8A patent/DE102016113839A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2017
  • 2017-07-26 CA CA3032216A patent/CA3032216C/en active Active
  • 2017-07-26 CN CN201780046663.9A patent/CN109564817B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2017-07-26 DK DK17754274.3T patent/DK3485499T3/da active
  • 2017-07-26 EP EP17754274.3A patent/EP3485499B1/de active Active
  • 2017-07-26 US US16/320,735 patent/US10930430B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2017-07-26 WO PCT/EP2017/068860 patent/WO2018019876A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2017-07-26 AU AU2017301997A patent/AU2017301997B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2017-07-26 PL PL17754274T patent/PL3485499T3/pl unknown
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