WO2018018864A1 - 一种膜蒸馏结晶处理装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种膜蒸馏结晶处理装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2018018864A1
WO2018018864A1 PCT/CN2017/072017 CN2017072017W WO2018018864A1 WO 2018018864 A1 WO2018018864 A1 WO 2018018864A1 CN 2017072017 W CN2017072017 W CN 2017072017W WO 2018018864 A1 WO2018018864 A1 WO 2018018864A1
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tank
crystallization
membrane
heating device
membrane distillation
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PCT/CN2017/072017
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘海洋
夏怀祥
薛同来
江澄宇
李叶红
吴仕宏
刘宁
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大唐环境产业集团股份有限公司
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
    • B01D61/364—Membrane distillation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D9/00—Crystallisation
    • B01D9/0018—Evaporation of components of the mixture to be separated
    • B01D9/0031—Evaporation of components of the mixture to be separated by heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/26—Further operations combined with membrane separation processes
    • B01D2311/2669—Distillation

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  • the invention relates to a membrane distillation crystallization processing device and a method, and belongs to the technical field of aqueous solution concentration crystallization.
  • Membrane distillation technology is an efficient membrane separation technology.
  • the membrane distillation process uses a hydrophobic membrane as a separation medium.
  • the hot side solution is heated and heated to volatilize the water in the solution into water vapor and enter the membrane pore.
  • the water vapor is driven by the vapor pressure difference on both sides of the membrane. Pass through the membrane hole to the other side of the membrane and then recondense into liquid water after a certain cooling. Due to the hydrophobic nature of the membrane, liquid water and other water soluble materials in the solution are trapped, thereby achieving a concentration process of the hot side solution.
  • the membrane distillation process can concentrate the salt content in the solution to a supersaturated state, so that membrane distillation and evaporation crystallization can be performed.
  • the processes are combined to form a membrane distillation crystallization combination process.
  • the solution is first concentrated to a supersaturated state by a membrane distillation system, and then the supersaturated solution is discharged from the membrane distillation system to carry out a crystallization precipitation reaction in a reaction tank outside the membrane distillation system.
  • This method must concentrate the original solution to a supersaturated state, so that dissolving the salt in the membrane distillation system tends to precipitate crystals in advance and cause membrane fouling, which increases control difficulty and operating cost.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a membrane distillation crystallization processing apparatus and a method thereof. law.
  • a membrane distillation crystallization processing apparatus comprising:
  • the water inlet of the crystallization tank is connected to the water outlet of the heating device A, and the crystallization tank is respectively provided with a heating device B, a stirring device and a membrane module, wherein the heating device B and the stirring device are respectively located a bottom of the crystallization tank, the membrane module being located above the heating device B and the stirring device;
  • the top end of the membrane module is connected to the water production tank by a condenser;
  • the bottom water outlet of the crystallization tank is connected to the water inlet of the sedimentation tank; the bottom discharge port of the sedimentation tank is connected to the crystal salt collection tank; the supernatant liquid outlet at the top of the sedimentation tank and the heating device A
  • the inlet pipe connection
  • the membrane distillation crystallization processing apparatus further includes a pretreatment device, and the water inlet of the heating device A is connected to the water outlet of the pretreatment device.
  • the pretreatment device is one or more of a filter, a sedimentation tank, an oxidation tank, a degassing tank or a disinfection tank, and the pretreatment device can complete the removal of suspended solids in order to satisfy the subsequent distillation and concentration crystallization treatment.
  • the heating device A is a heat recovery heat exchanger, an electric heater or a steam heater.
  • the heating device A is a heat recovery heat exchanger
  • the residual heat used by the heat recovery heat exchanger is heat of hot flue gas or hot water.
  • the membrane module is submerged under the liquid level of the crystallization pond.
  • the membrane module is a hollow fiber membrane module.
  • the membrane module is a flat membrane module.
  • the membrane distillation crystallization processing apparatus further includes an automatic control device for controlling the flow rate of the water in the solution in the crystallization tank so that the solution in the crystallization tank does not overflow while the membrane module is in a submerged state.
  • the heating device B is connected to the temperature control device.
  • a membrane distillation crystallization processing apparatus for performing a membrane distillation crystallization treatment method, comprising the steps of:
  • Step 1 the raw water enters the pretreatment device, after pretreatment, enters the heating device A;
  • Step 2 the liquid heated by the heating device A enters the crystallization tank from the water inlet of the top of the crystallization tank, turns on the heating device B, the stirring device and the membrane module, so that the liquid in the crystallization tank is kept constant, and the liquid is distilled through the membrane module.
  • Water, the water vapor generated at the top of the membrane module is condensed by the condenser and enters the production tank;
  • Step 3 the solution in the crystallization tank is continuously concentrated.
  • the solution in the crystallization tank is concentrated to saturation, the corresponding seed crystal of the dissolved salt in the solution is added to the crystallization tank, the solution is continuously concentrated, and the solution is supersaturated.
  • the dissolved salt gradually precipitates, the volume of the seed crystal continues to grow into a crystalline salt, and a mixed liquid is obtained in the crystallization tank;
  • Step 4 when the mass concentration of the crystalline salt in the crystallization tank is increased to 2% to 10%, the mixed liquid is discharged from the bottom outlet of the crystallization tank to the sedimentation tank;
  • Step 5 the crystal salt precipitated into the mixed liquid in the sedimentation tank is precipitated by gravity and discharged into a crystal salt collection tank, and the supernatant in the sedimentation tank is reheated before being returned to the heating device A, and then the membrane is further heated. Distillation crystallization treatment.
  • the operation mode of the membrane module is an evacuated, direct contact, air gap or air sweep membrane distillation operation mode.
  • the membrane module operates in an evacuated membrane distillation mode of operation.
  • the raw water is first passed through a pretreatment device, and the effluent of the pretreatment device is heated to enter the crystallization pond.
  • the membrane module is immersed in the aqueous solution, and a stirring device is arranged in the crystallization tank, and the aqueous solution in the crystallization tank is continuously concentrated during operation.
  • the aqueous solution is concentrated to achieve supersaturation, the corresponding seed crystal is added to the crystallization tank, and then the dissolved salt in the supersaturated solution is continuously precipitated.
  • the crystallization tank discharges the mixed liquid into the sedimentation tank, and the crystal salt is precipitated in the sedimentation tank.
  • the membrane distillation crystallization processing device of the invention adopts a distillation concentration and crystallization integrated treatment device, can effectively avoid the supersaturation state in the crystallization pool, is beneficial to prevent membrane pollution and reduce operating cost, and avoids the design of the split system, and can reduce The floor space is easy to operate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a membrane distillation crystallization processing apparatus according to the present invention.
  • 1-pretreatment device 2-heating device A, 3-crystallization cell, 4-membrane assembly, 5-condenser, 6-water pool, 7-heating device B, 8-stirring device, 9-sedimentation tank, 10-crystalline salt collection tank.
  • a membrane distillation crystallization processing apparatus as shown in FIG. 1, includes:
  • the pretreatment device 1 may be one or more of a filter, a sedimentation tank, an oxidation tank, a degassing tank or a disinfection tank.
  • a heating device A2 for heating raw water a water inlet of the heating device A2 is connected to a water outlet of the pretreatment device 1;
  • the heating device A2 is a heat recovery heat exchanger, an electric heater or a steam heater, preferably The residual heat exchanger, the waste heat used by the waste heat exchanger is the heat of hot flue gas or hot water.
  • the water inlet of the crystallization tank 3 is connected to the water outlet of the heating device A2, and the crystallization tank 3 is respectively provided with a heating device B7, a stirring device 8 and a membrane module 4, wherein the heating device B7 and agitating device 8 are respectively located at the bottom of the crystallization tank 3, the membrane module 4 is located above the heating device B7 and the stirring device 8; the membrane module 4 is immersed in the immersion mode Under the surface of the pool 3.
  • the membrane module 4 is a hollow fiber membrane module or a flat membrane module.
  • a production tank 6 the top end of the membrane module 4 is connected to the water production tank 6 through a condenser 5;
  • a sedimentation tank 9 the bottom water outlet of the crystallization tank 3 is connected to the water inlet of the sedimentation tank 9; the bottom discharge port of the sedimentation tank 9 is connected to the crystal salt collection tank 10; the supernatant liquid outlet at the top of the sedimentation tank 9 Connected to the water inlet pipe of the heating device A2.
  • the membrane distillation crystallization processing apparatus further includes an automatic control device for controlling the flow rate of the water in the solution in the crystallization tank 3 so that the solution in the crystallization tank 3 does not overflow while the membrane module is in a submerged state.
  • the heating device B7 is connected to a temperature control device.
  • a membrane distillation crystallization treatment method using the membrane distillation crystallization processing apparatus comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 the raw water enters the pretreatment device 1, after pretreatment, enters the heating device A2;
  • Step 2 the liquid heated by the heating device A2 enters the crystallization tank 3 from the water inlet of the top end of the crystallization tank 3, and the heating device B7, the stirring device 8 and the membrane module 4 are turned on, so that the liquid in the crystallization tank 3 is kept constant. Distilling water by the membrane module 4, the water vapor generated at the top of the membrane module 4 is condensed by the condenser 5 and then enters the production tank 6;
  • Step 3 the solution in the crystallization tank 3 is continuously concentrated.
  • the solution in the crystallization tank 3 is concentrated to saturation, the corresponding seed crystal of the dissolved salt in the solution is added to the crystallization tank 3, and the solution continues.
  • Concentration, the supersaturated dissolved salt in the solution gradually precipitates, the seed volume continues to grow into a crystalline salt, and a mixed liquid is obtained in the crystallization tank 3;
  • Step 4 when the mass concentration of the crystalline salt in the crystallization tank 3 is increased to 2% to 10%, the mixed liquid is discharged from the bottom outlet of the crystallization tank 3 to the sedimentation tank 9;
  • Step 5 the crystal salt precipitated in the mixed liquid entering the sedimentation tank 9 is precipitated by gravity and discharged into the crystal salt collection tank 10, and the supernatant liquid in the sedimentation tank 9 is returned to the heating device A2 before being re-returned. Heating, and then performing membrane distillation crystallization treatment.
  • the operation mode of the membrane module 4 is an evacuated, direct contact, air gap or gas sweep membrane distillation operation mode, preferably an evacuated membrane distillation operation mode.
  • the pure sodium bicarbonate was used as a raw material reagent, and pure water was used as a solvent to prepare a sodium carbonate aqueous solution having a mass fraction of 5%, that is, 10 L of raw water. Since the aqueous solution does not contain impurities such as suspended matter or organic matter, the pretreatment apparatus is not provided in the present embodiment.
  • the membrane distillation process used in the examples is a vacuum membrane distillation process, that is, the membrane module operation mode is an evacuated membrane distillation operation mode.
  • the raw water is heated to 60 ° C by heating device A, and then enters the crystallization tank from the top of the crystallization tank.
  • the aqueous solution immerses the membrane module
  • the membrane module and the stirring device are opened, and the sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution in the crystallization tank is continuously passed through the operation of the membrane module.
  • the water vapor generated by the membrane module is condensed by the condenser and collected, and the flow rate of the raw water in the crystallization tank is controlled by an automatic control device to ensure that the aqueous solution in the crystallization tank does not overflow, and the membrane module is in a submerged state.
  • the heating device B in the crystallization tank is controlled by a temperature control device to maintain the temperature in the crystallization bath at 60 ⁇ 0.5 °C.
  • the crystalline salt particles are precipitated by gravity and discharged into the crystal salt collection tank, and the supernatant liquid is reheated before being returned to the heating device A, and the next membrane distillation is concentrated and crystallized until the raw water is completely evaporated and crystallized. Distilled water and crystalline salts.

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  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种膜蒸馏结晶处理装置及方法，所述装置包括：加热装置A（2），用于加热原水；结晶池（3），所述结晶池（3）的进水口与所述加热装置A（2）的出水口连接，所述结晶池（3）内分别设有加热装置B（7）、搅拌装置（8）和膜组件（4），其中，所述加热装置B（7）和搅拌装置（8）分别位于所述结晶池（3）的底部，所述膜组件（4）位于所述加热装置B（7）和搅拌装置（8）的上方；产水池（6），所述膜组件（4）的顶端通过冷凝器（5）连接所述产水池（6）；沉淀池（9），所述结晶池（3）的底部出水口连接所述沉淀池（9）的进水口；所述沉淀池（9）底部排放口连接结晶盐收集池（10）；所述沉淀池（9）顶部的上清液出水口与所述加热装置A（2）的进水管道连接。所述膜蒸馏结晶处理装置，采用蒸馏浓缩与结晶一体化处理装置，有利于防止膜污染和降低运行成本。

Description

一种膜蒸馏结晶处理装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种膜蒸馏结晶处理装置及方法，属于水溶液浓缩结晶技术领域。
背景技术
膜蒸馏技术是一种高效的膜分离技术。膜蒸馏过程是以疏水性膜为分离介质，通过控制温度，对热侧溶液进行加热升温，使溶液中的水挥发成水蒸气并进入膜孔，水蒸气在膜两侧蒸气压差的推动下穿过膜孔到达膜的另一侧，然后经过一定的冷却方式重新冷凝为液态水。由于膜的疏水性，溶液中的液态水和其他水溶性物质被截留，从而实现热侧溶液的浓缩过程。采用膜蒸馏浓缩除盐时，对绝大多数盐类和其他非挥发性物质都有接近100％截留效率，而且膜蒸馏操作条件温和，不需要将溶液加热至沸腾。此外，与反渗透相比，溶液中含盐量的变化对膜通量影响较小，膜蒸馏可以在极高含盐量时正常运行(含盐量可大于25％)，而且膜蒸馏可以在常压下运行，不需要高压条件。由于膜蒸馏的分离特性及其固有优点，该技术在废水处理、海水淡化、化工分离、果汁浓缩等方面具有广泛的研究应用。
由于膜蒸馏技术浓缩处理含盐水溶液时，产水通量不受渗透压影响，因此，理论上膜蒸馏工艺可以将溶液中的含盐量浓缩至过饱和状态，因此可以将膜蒸馏与蒸发结晶工艺联合起来，形成膜蒸馏结晶组合工艺。一般在膜蒸馏结晶工艺中，首先通过膜蒸馏系统将溶液浓缩至过饱和状态，然后将过饱和溶液排出膜蒸馏系统，在膜蒸馏系统外的反应池内进行结晶析出反应。这种方法必须要把原溶液浓缩至过饱和状态，因此在膜蒸馏系统内溶解盐容易提前析出晶体并引起膜污染，加大了控制难度和运行成本。
因此，为了避免膜污染，降低运行成本，需开发出新型一体化膜蒸馏结晶处理装置及方法，有利于提高膜蒸馏结晶技术的实用性。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种膜蒸馏结晶处理装置及方 法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种膜蒸馏结晶处理装置，包括：
加热装置A，用于加热原水；
结晶池，所述结晶池的进水口与所述加热装置A的出水口连接，所述结晶池内分别设有加热装置B、搅拌装置和膜组件，其中，所述加热装置B和搅拌装置分别位于所述结晶池的底部，所述膜组件位于所述加热装置B和搅拌装置的上方；
产水池，所述膜组件的顶端通过冷凝器连接所述产水池；
沉淀池，所述结晶池的底部出水口连接所述沉淀池的进水口；所述沉淀池底部排放口连接结晶盐收集池；所述沉淀池顶部的上清液出水口与所述加热装置A的进水管道连接。
进一步的，所述膜蒸馏结晶处理装置还包括预处理装置，所述加热装置A的进水口与所述预处理装置的出水口连接。
进一步的，所述预处理装置为过滤器、沉淀池、氧化池、脱气池或消毒池的一种或几种，为满足后续蒸馏浓缩结晶处理，所述预处理装置可完成去除悬浮物、重金属和有机物，也可完成分盐或预浓缩的一种或几种处理工艺。
进一步的，所述加热装置A为余热换热器、电加热器或蒸汽加热器。
优选的，所述加热装置A为余热换热器，所述余热换热器所使用余热为热烟气或热水的热量。
进一步的，所述膜组件浸没在所述结晶池的液面下。
进一步的，所述膜组件为中空纤维式膜组件。
进一步的，所述膜组件为平板式膜组件。
进一步的，所述膜蒸馏结晶处理装置还包括自动控制装置，其用于控制所述结晶池内溶液的进水流速，以使得结晶池内的溶液不溢出，同时膜组件处于浸没状态。
进一步的，所述加热装置B连接温度控制装置。
一种所述的膜蒸馏结晶处理装置进行膜蒸馏结晶处理方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，原水进入预处理装置，经过预处理后进入加热装置A；
步骤2，经所述加热装置A加热后的液体由结晶池的顶端的进水口进入结晶池内，开启加热装置B、搅拌装置和膜组件，使得结晶池内的液体恒温，通过所述膜组件蒸馏产水，所述膜组件顶部产生的水蒸气经所述冷凝器冷凝后进入产水池；
步骤3，所述结晶池内的溶液不断浓缩，当所述结晶池内的溶液浓缩至饱和时，向所述结晶池内投加所述溶液中溶解盐的相应晶种，溶液继续浓缩，溶液中过饱和的溶解盐逐渐析出，晶种体积不断长大为结晶盐，所述结晶池内得到混合液；
步骤4，当所述结晶池内结晶盐质量浓度增加至2％～10％，所述混合液由结晶池底部出水口排放至所述沉淀池；
步骤5，进入所述沉淀池内的混合液中析出的结晶盐在重力作用下沉淀并排入结晶盐收集池，所述沉淀池内上清液回流到所述加热装置A前重新加热，再进行膜蒸馏结晶处理。
进一步的，所述膜组件的运行方式为抽真空式、直接接触式、空气隙式或气扫式膜蒸馏运行方式。
优选的，所述膜组件运行方式为抽真空式膜蒸馏运行方式。
本发明的有益效果为：
本发明中原水首先经过预处理装置，预处理装置出水经过加热后进入结晶池，在结晶池内，膜组件浸没在水溶液中，同时结晶池内设有搅拌装置，运行时结晶池内水溶液不断被浓缩，当水溶液被浓缩达到过饱和时，向结晶池中投加相应晶种，然后过饱和的溶液中溶解盐不断被析出。结晶池排放混合液进入沉淀池，在沉淀池内得到结晶盐沉淀，沉淀池上清液回流到加热器前与原水混合，升温后重复膜蒸馏结晶处理。本发明所述膜蒸馏结晶处理装置，采用蒸馏浓缩与结晶一体化处理装置，可有效避免结晶池中出现过饱和状态，有利于防止膜污染和降低运行成本，同时避免分体式系统设计，可以减少占地面积，便于操作运行。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述膜蒸馏结晶处理装置的结构示意图；
其中，1-预处理装置，2-加热装置A，3-结晶池，4-膜组件，5-冷凝器，6-产水池，7-加热装置B，8-搅拌装置，9-沉淀池，10-结晶盐收集池。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
一种膜蒸馏结晶处理装置，如图1所示，包括：
预处理装置1，所述预处理装置1可为过滤器、沉淀池、氧化池、脱气池或消毒池的一种或几种。
加热装置A2，用于加热原水，所述加热装置A2的进水口与所述预处理装置1的出水口连接；所述加热装置A2为余热换热器、电加热器或蒸汽加热器，优选为余热换热器，所述余热换热器所使用余热为热烟气或热水的热量。
结晶池3，所述结晶池3的进水口与所述加热装置A2的出水口连接，所述结晶池3内分别设有加热装置B7、搅拌装置8和膜组件4，其中，所述加热装置B7和搅拌装置8分别位于所述结晶池3的底部，所述膜组件4位于所述加热装置B7和搅拌装置8的上方；所述膜组件4采用浸没式运行方式，其浸没在所述结晶池3的液面下。所述膜组件4为中空纤维式膜组件或平板式膜组件。
产水池6，所述膜组件4的顶端通过冷凝器5连接所述产水池6；
沉淀池9，所述结晶池3的底部出水口连接所述沉淀池9的进水口；所述沉淀池9底部排放口连接结晶盐收集池10；所述沉淀池9顶部的上清液出水口与所述加热装置A2的进水管道连接。
所述膜蒸馏结晶处理装置还包括自动控制装置，其用于控制所述结晶池3内溶液的进水流速，以使得结晶池3内的溶液不溢出，同时膜组件处于浸没状态。所述加热装置B7连接温度控制装置。
一种利用所述的膜蒸馏结晶处理装置进行膜蒸馏结晶处理方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，原水进入预处理装置1，经过预处理后进入加热装置A2；
步骤2，经所述加热装置A2加热后的液体由结晶池3的顶端的进水口进入结晶池3内，开启加热装置B7、搅拌装置8和膜组件4，使得结晶池3内的液体恒温，通过所述膜组件4蒸馏产水，所述膜组件4顶部产生的水蒸气经所述冷凝器5冷凝后进入产水池6；
步骤3，所述结晶池3内的溶液不断浓缩，当所述结晶池3内的溶液浓缩至饱和时，向所述结晶池3内投加所述溶液中溶解盐的相应晶种，溶液继续浓缩，溶液中过饱和的溶解盐逐渐析出，晶种体积不断长大为结晶盐，所述结晶池3内得到混合液；
步骤4，当所述结晶池3内结晶盐质量浓度增加至2％～10％，所述混合液由结晶池3底部出水口排放至所述沉淀池9；
步骤5，进入所述沉淀池9内的混合液中析出的结晶盐在重力作用下沉淀并排入结晶盐收集池10，所述沉淀池9内上清液回流到所述加热装置A2前重新加热，再进行膜蒸馏结晶处理。
所述膜组件4的运行方式为抽真空式、直接接触式、空气隙式或气扫式膜蒸馏运行方式，优选为抽真空式膜蒸馏运行方式。
实施例1
以分析纯碳酸氢钠为原料试剂，以纯净水为溶剂，配制质量分数为5％的碳酸氢钠水溶液即原水10L。由于所述水溶液中不含悬浮物、有机物等杂质，因此本实施例中未设置预处理装置。实施例中采用的膜蒸馏工艺为真空膜蒸馏工艺，即膜组件运行方式为抽真空式膜蒸馏运行方式。
原水经过加热装置A加热至60℃，然后由结晶池的顶端进入结晶池中，当水溶液将膜组件浸没后，打开膜组件和搅拌装置，通过膜组件的运行，结晶池内的碳酸氢钠水溶液不断被浓缩，膜组件产生的水蒸气通过冷凝器冷凝后进行收集，同时通过自动控制装置，控制结晶池内原水的进水流速，保证结晶池内的水溶液不会溢出，同时保证膜组件处于浸没状态。此外，通过温度控制装置控制结晶池内加热装置B，使结晶池内温度保持在60±0.5℃。
当结晶池内碳酸氢钠水溶液浓缩至接近饱和时(碳酸氢钠质量分数约14％)，向池内投加碳酸氢钠晶种，使晶种质量浓度达到2％，继续浓缩溶液，使溶液中过饱和的碳酸氢钠逐渐析出，晶种体积不断长大为结晶盐，结晶池内得到混合液。随着结晶池内水溶液不断浓缩，结晶池内结晶盐质量浓度增 加至4％时，由结晶池的底部排放部分混合液至沉淀池。在沉淀池中，结晶盐颗粒在重力作用下沉淀并排入结晶盐收集池，上清液回流到加热装置A前重新加热，进行下一个膜蒸馏浓缩结晶处理过程，直至原水完全蒸发结晶，产生蒸馏水和结晶盐。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种膜蒸馏结晶处理装置，其特征在于，包括：
    加热装置A(2)，用于加热原水；
    结晶池(3)，所述结晶池(3)的进水口与所述加热装置A(2)的出水口连接，所述结晶池(3)内分别设有加热装置B(7)、搅拌装置(8)和膜组件(4)，其中，所述加热装置B(7)和搅拌装置(8)分别位于所述结晶池(3)的底部，所述膜组件(4)位于所述加热装置B(7)和搅拌装置(8)的上方；
    产水池(6)，所述膜组件(4)的顶端通过冷凝器(5)连接所述产水池(6)；
    沉淀池(9)，所述结晶池(3)的底部出水口连接所述沉淀池(9)的进水口；所述沉淀池(9)底部排放口连接结晶盐收集池(10)；所述沉淀池(9)顶部的上清液出水口与所述加热装置A(2)的进水管道连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的膜蒸馏结晶处理装置，其特征在于，所述膜蒸馏结晶处理装置还包括预处理装置(1)，所述加热装置A(2)的进水口与所述预处理装置(1)的出水口连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的膜蒸馏结晶处理装置，其特征在于，所述预处理装置(1)为过滤器、沉淀池、氧化池、脱气池或消毒池的一种或几种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的膜蒸馏结晶处理装置，其特征在于，所述加热装置A(2)为余热换热器、电加热器或蒸汽加热器。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的膜蒸馏结晶处理装置，其特征在于，所述膜组件(4)浸没在所述结晶池(3)的液面下。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的膜蒸馏结晶处理装置，其特征在于，所述膜组件(4)为中空纤维式膜组件或平板式膜组件。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的膜蒸馏结晶处理装置，其特征在于，所述膜蒸馏结晶处理装置还包括自动控制装置，其用于控制所述结晶池(3)内溶液的进水流速，以使得结晶池(3)内的溶液不溢出，同时膜组件处于浸没状态。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的膜蒸馏结晶处理装置，其特征在于，所述加热装置B(7)连接温度控制装置。
  9. 一种利用上述任一项权利要求所述的膜蒸馏结晶处理装置进行膜蒸馏结晶处理方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1，原水进入预处理装置(1)，经过预处理后进入加热装置A(2)；
    步骤2，经所述加热装置A(2)加热后的溶液由结晶池(3)的顶端的进水口进入结晶池(3)内，开启加热装置B(7)、搅拌装置(8)和膜组件(4)，使得结晶池(3)内的溶液恒温，通过所述膜组件(4)蒸馏产水，所述膜组件(4)顶部产生的水蒸气经所述冷凝器(5)冷凝后进入产水池(6)；
    步骤3，所述结晶池(3)内的溶液不断浓缩，当所述结晶池(3)内的溶液浓缩至饱和时，向所述结晶池(3)内投加所述溶液中溶解盐的相应晶种，溶液继续浓缩，溶液中过饱和的溶解盐逐渐析出，晶种体积不断长大为结晶盐，所述结晶池(3)内得到混合液；
    步骤4，当所述结晶池(3)内结晶盐质量浓度增加至2％～10％，所述混合液由结晶池(3)底部出水口排放至所述沉淀池(9)；
    步骤5，进入所述沉淀池(9)内的混合液中析出的结晶盐在重力作用下沉淀并排入结晶盐收集池(10)，所述沉淀池(9)内上清液回流到所述加热装置A(2)前重新加热，再进行膜蒸馏结晶处理。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的膜蒸馏结晶处理方法，其特征在于，所述膜组件(4)的运行方式为抽真空式膜蒸馏运行方式。
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