WO2018011092A1 - Werkstoffprobe, verfahren zum festlegen einer probengeometrie, verfahren zum ermitteln eines werkstoffverhaltens und/oder von werkstoffkennwerten, spannungs-dehnungs-kurve eines werkstoffs und produkt - Google Patents
Werkstoffprobe, verfahren zum festlegen einer probengeometrie, verfahren zum ermitteln eines werkstoffverhaltens und/oder von werkstoffkennwerten, spannungs-dehnungs-kurve eines werkstoffs und produkt Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018011092A1 WO2018011092A1 PCT/EP2017/067174 EP2017067174W WO2018011092A1 WO 2018011092 A1 WO2018011092 A1 WO 2018011092A1 EP 2017067174 W EP2017067174 W EP 2017067174W WO 2018011092 A1 WO2018011092 A1 WO 2018011092A1
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- material sample
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- deformation
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/307—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by a compressed or tensile-stressed spring; generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/001—Impulsive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
- G01N2203/0268—Dumb-bell specimens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0298—Manufacturing or preparing specimens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0617—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means
- G01N2203/0623—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means using piezoelectric gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Definitions
- Material sample method for determining a sample geometry, method for determining a material behavior and / or material properties, stress-strain curve of a material and
- the invention relates to a material sample for determining a
- the invention relates to a method for determining a sample geometry of a material sample. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for determining a material behavior and / or of
- the invention relates to a stress-strain curve of a
- the invention relates to a product.
- product development such as e.g. in vehicle or aircraft construction
- the material data, particularly stress-strain curves are, in quasi-static range from about lO "4! / ⁇ To about 10 _1 1 / by quasi- static tension-compression testing machines with slower crosshead speed measured. At higher speed servo-hydraulic
- the crosshead can reach a speed of up to 20 m / s. With this, strain rates of up to more than 1000 1 / s can be achieved with correctly designed sample geometry.
- the servo-hydraulic machines are easy to handle
- Machine crosshead is transferred to the samples. This creates shock-like stresses: shock or voltage waves propagate through the sample and periphery and are reflected at impedance and transitions. This results in vibrations of the entire machine sample holder sample system, which are also referred to as system vibrations.
- the disadvantage of conventional sample geometry is that the measured force signals transmitted via the load cells of the machines or other measuring devices, such as
- DMS Strain gauges
- Machine speed which corresponds to approximately 100 1 / s strain rate at an ISO sample DIN EN ISO 26203-2, 2012-01, is no longer possible. Solutions were developed in which the force is not applied to the sample holder through the load cell of the machine, but directly via strain gauges on the machine
- round or flat tensile specimens whose geometry (length, width and shape) are standardized. They consist essentially of a narrower or thinner area where plastic deformations are to take place, and a sample shoulder area where no plastic Deformations may take place and what the sample on the sample holder can be clamped.
- SHPB split Hopkinson Bar
- Phenomena do not occur in a tensile test during the tensile test on a servo-hydraulic tensile testing machine.
- Vibrations of the force signals which are indicated on s.g. System vibrations in the sample and the Switzerland strigrüfmaschine is due.
- the FAT guideline is for the reliable determination of crash relevant, strain rate dependent material characteristics for crash simulations in the
- the force of the change in the geometry of the region is detected optically, and wherein the force causing the change of the geometry is determined on the basis of a predetermined, preferably one-to-one force-change of geometry.
- Context is calculated from the optically detected change in geometry.
- Force measuring cell in which at least one force measuring sensor is integrated, a force acting on the material sample force is measured, wherein before, during and after the measurement, the load cell is directly connected to the material sample.
- the invention has for its object to improve a material sample mentioned above structurally and / or functionally.
- the invention is the
- the object of the invention is to improve an initially mentioned method.
- the invention has for its object to improve an initially mentioned stress-strain curve.
- the invention has the object to improve a product mentioned at the outset structurally and / or functionally.
- the aim is to develop a method which, by combining all the necessary measures for machines, sample holders, sample geometry and measuring method, for the entire strain rate ranges from quasi-static 10 l / s to dynamic 10 4 l / y and beyond can be.
- the sample geometry should be used in the entire strain rate range to avoid deviations of the
- the object is achieved with a material sample having the features of claim 1.
- the material sample may be for use in a testing device.
- the test device may be an electro-mechanical universal testing machine or a servohydraulic testing machine.
- the material sample may be made of a metal, a metallic alloy, a steel, a steel alloy, a light metal, a light metal alloy, a non-metal, an organic material, a plastic, a
- the main deformation portion, the elastically deformable deformation portion and the sub deformation portion may be made of the same material.
- Such a material sample can be described as homogeneous.
- the main deformation portion, the elastically deformable deformation portion and the sub deformation portion may be made of different materials.
- Such a material sample can be referred to as inhomogeneous.
- the material sample may have a longitudinal axis.
- Main deformation portion, the elastically deformable deformation portion and the secondary deformation portion may be arranged along the longitudinal axis.
- the elastically deformable deformation portion may be disposed between the main deformation portion and the sub deformation portion.
- the material sample can in addition to the main deformation section, the elastically deformable deformation section and the
- Sub-deformation portion have a first end portion and a second end portion.
- the end portions may be sample shoulders.
- the end portions may be arranged on the material sample in the extension direction of the longitudinal axis at opposite ends of the material sample.
- the end sections are used for clamping the material sample in a tester.
- the material sample may have a first transition portion between the first end portion and the main deformation portion.
- the material sample may have a second one between the main deformation portion and the elastically deformable deformation portion Have transition section.
- Deformation section and the secondary deformation section can connect directly to each other.
- the minor deformation portion may be locally deformable.
- the material sample can have a different width or different diameters transversely to the longitudinal axis in sections.
- Material sample can at the secondary deformation section a feeder
- the first end portion may be disposed at the first transition portion and at the main deformation portion, respectively.
- the second end portion may be disposed on the minor deformation portion.
- the second end portion may serve to firmly clamp the material sample.
- the first end portion may serve to initiate a loading force or loading movement.
- the main deformation portion is mainly and plastically deformed under the action of a loading force.
- a load of the material sample is a plastic deformation
- the elastically deformable deformation section is elastically deformed under the action of a loading force.
- a load of the material sample of the secondary deformation section is slightly plastically deformed under the action of a loading force.
- the secondary deformation portion can be easily deformed locally under the action of a loading force.
- the main deformation portion, the elastic deformability of the elastically deformable deformation portion, and the plastic deformability of the minor deformation portion can be deformed
- the sample material, the material dimension, the measuring method and / or the loading speed may be a vote of the Main deformation section, of elastically deformable
- Deformation section and the secondary deformation section influence.
- Loading speed can be parameter for geometric and
- the main deformation portion, the elastically deformable deformation portion, and the minor deformation portion may be matched with each other so that vibrations are reduced or avoided when the load test is performed on the elastically deformable deformation portion.
- the material sample may have a smallest at the main deformation section
- the material sample may have a larger cross-section at the elastically deformable deformation portion than at the
- the material sample can at the secondary deformation section a
- the cross-sectional weakening can be designed as a recess and / or as a feeder.
- the cross-sectional weakening can be carried out by means of a sectionally reduced material thickness.
- the material sample must have the geometric and mechanical condition at the main deformation section
- R mBl tensile strength of the sample material in the main deformation section
- a m cross-sectional area of the material sample in the
- the length of the main deformation section may be, for example, 20 mm to achieve a strain rate of 1000 1 / s at a machine speed of 20 m / s. However, this can be varied depending on the application.
- the first transition section and the second transition section must be at a
- the material sample has at least one measuring section on the elastically deformable deformation section. This at least one measuring section may have a defined distance from the main deformation section, from the secondary deformation section and from a sample edge.
- the at least one measuring section is to the second transition section and the secondary deformation section a defined distance depending on a material to be tested and a material dimension to be tested
- the at least one measuring section should also have a defined distance depending on one testing material and a material dimension to be tested to free
- the main deformation section, the second transition section, the elastically deformable deformation section and the secondary deformation section for a material should be designed in such a way that a sufficiently large homogeneous stress field propagates in the elastically deformable deformation section over the time of the test duration.
- the stress field should, based on the area cross-section, be able to represent a true instantaneous test force over the entire duration of the test.
- the field of tension should be the dimensions of a
- the material sample must have the geometric and mechanical condition on the elastically deformable deformation section
- R mm tensile strength of the sample material in the main deformation section
- a m cross-sectional area of the material sample in the
- a B2 cross-sectional area of the material sample in the elastically deformable
- the material sample can determine the geometric and mechanical conditions
- J? miJ1 tensile strength of the sample material in the main deformation section;
- a m cross-sectional area of the material sample in the
- Main deformation section undergoes major deformation.
- Transition portion, the elastically deformable deformation portion and the secondary deformation portion is essential for a low-vibration and accurate measurement of force signals.
- the recess and / or the indentation on the secondary deformation section can / at least partially be oval, rectangular or round.
- a limitation of the recess and / or the indentation on the Sub-deformation section may / may be at least partially oval, rectangular or round.
- the material sample may have a round, oval, polygonal and / or square cross section.
- the material sample may be made of a flat product.
- the material sample may have at least one notch.
- the required distances of the at least one measuring section from the main deformation section, from the elastically deformable deformation section and from a sample edge can be defined.
- Transition portion, the elastically deformable deformation portion and the Niedergeformationsabitess be determined.
- the required distances can alternatively or additionally be determined experimentally.
- the force readings can be recorded using strain gauges (strain gauges).
- the strain gauges can be pre-calibrated.
- a measurement is performed on the elastically deformable deformation portion.
- the sample can preferably be provided on both sides with a respective DMS, which are interconnected as a half bridge.
- influences of higher-order modes, such as modes second, third, fourth, etc., which are expressed primarily by structural bending, can be compensated.
- the force measurement can be done on two sides of the material sample.
- the force measurement values can also be detected, for example, by means of an optical method.
- the material sample can be loaded monoaxially, biaxially or multiaxially with tension or pressure.
- the material sample can be used with a strain rate in a wide Dehnraten Scheme of preferably 10 4 to 10 4 1 / s.
- the object underlying the invention is achieved with a product having the features of claim 14.
- the product may be a workpiece.
- the product can be an intermediate.
- the product can be
- the product can be automotive product.
- the product can be an industrial product.
- the invention thus provides a new method for low-vibration force measurements in dynamic material tests using a new sample geometry.
- a sample can have five deformation sections with different widths or diameters, which are all smaller than those of the sample shoulder.
- a force application for a tensile or compressive test can be carried out in the first end portion, while in a second end portion, the sample must be firmly clamped and immovable.
- the main deformation portion may have a smallest dimension in width and thickness direction. In this area, a real plastic deformation should take place until a break.
- the elastically deformable deformation section in width and / or
- Thickness direction to be larger than the main deformation section.
- a cutout in the sample and / or at the edge of the sample can be introduced for cross-sectional weakening.
- This recess can have various shapes, for example oval, rectangular, round, etc., and be arbitrarily complex.
- Excitations which put the sample in a vibrational state can be found in a secondary deformation section are converted into plastic deformation and displacement.
- the energetic conditions such as kinetic energy, internal work, work of the volumetric forces and work of the surface forces, can in the elastically deformable deformation section and in the
- Deformationsabêt can be performed.
- Main deformation portion, the second transition portion, the elastically deformable deformation portion and the minor deformation portion may have a strong influence on test results.
- the following requirements must be met:
- the first transition section, the main deformation section and the second transition section should be designed such that in
- Transition portion, the elastically deformable deformation portion and the secondary deformation portion should be adapted for a material such that a significant vibration reduction at faster
- the cross section of the minor deformation section to the weakest cross section of the main deformation section should be selected as much as possible so that failure does not occur in the minor deformation section;
- Transition portion, the elastically deformable deformation portion and the secondary deformation portion is to be designed for a material such that elastically deformable deformation portion, on the Furthermore, it is intended to represent the true instantaneous test force over the entire test duration, based on the area cross section, and, furthermore, it should correspond to the dimensions of the applied test
- Vibrations can be measured.
- This sample can be used in the strain rate range between preferably 10 "4 1 / s to 10 4 1 / s and beyond, using all common existing machines, sample holders, and / or measuring methods
- the same sample geometry can be used throughout the strain rate range. This will cause deviations of one
- Homogeneous materials are materials whose mechanical properties are largely independent of location, which is the case with metallic materials with good production conditions.
- composites and plastics i.a. Fiber-reinforced plastics, the properties in the workpiece are often location-dependent.
- 1 shows a sample of material with a main deformation section, a
- FIG. 2 shows a comparison of force measurements on material samples
- FIG. 3 shows a stress-strain curve and associated changes in a strain rate during a constant tensile test
- Fig. 1 shows a material sample 100.
- the material sample 100 is used to determine material characteristics in a load test.
- the material sample 100 has a longitudinal axis 102.
- the material sample 100 is symmetrical to the longitudinal axis 102.
- the material sample 100 has a first end portion 104, a first transition portion 106, a
- the end sections 104, 16 serve for clamping the material sample 100 into a test device. It serves the end portion 1 16 for fixed clamping and the end portion 104 to initiate a test force or test movement of the test apparatus. At the end portions 104, 16, the material sample 100 has the greatest width. At the main deformation portion 108, the
- the first transition section 106 is one of the first end section 104 to the main deformation section 1 08 running without sudden decreasing width. At the first
- Transition section 1 06 is a radius available.
- Material sample 100 has a greater width than at the main deformation section 108.
- the second transition portion 1 10 is connected to one of the
- Deformationsabêt 1 1 2 executed jumpless increasing width.
- the material sample 100 has a measuring field 1 18.
- the measuring field 118 is preferably rectangular with a length I and a width b.
- the measuring field 1 18 has to the second transition section 1 10 a distance Ii, to the secondary deformation section 1 14 a distance l 2 and to a
- Outer edge 120 of the material sample 100 distances bi and b2 on. This o.g.
- the material sample 1 00 has a recess 122 and a feeder 126.
- the recess 122 has a circumferential inner edge 124.
- the secondary deformation portion 1 14 is the side of the recess 122 and the feeder 126 locally deformable.
- the geometry of the material sample 100 is determined using the finite element method taking into account the sample material, the measurement method and / or the loading speed.
- Subordinate deformation portion 1 14 are coordinated so that when performing a load test, the main deformation portion 1 08 plastically deformed and deformed to failure, the elastically deformable deformation portion 1 12 elastically deformed and the secondary deformation portion 1 14 slightly plastically deformed, wherein at high Strain rates on the elastically deformable deformation portion 1 12, the vibrations are reduced or avoided.
- Deformationsabites 1 12 and the secondary deformation section 1 14 are coordinated such that in the elastically deformable
- sample deformations are measured to calculate strains.
- the first transition section 106 and the second transition section 110 maintain a homogeneous plane stress state until constriction under load of the material sample 100 under the action of a loading force along with the main deformation section 108.
- the secondary deformation portion is easily plastically deformed under a load of the material sample 100 under the action of a loading force, while the main deformation portion 108 still undergoes a major deformation to breakage. Due to the slightly plastic deformation of the sample area around the
- Recess 122 and the retraction 126 is converted to vibrational energy and vibrations are damped.
- Fig. 2 shows a comparison of force measurements on material samples.
- a time is plotted on an x-axis and a force on a y-axis.
- a measurement with a load cell results for a material sample according to the prior art in a tensile test under
- a force curve 202 Exposure of the tensile force a force curve 202 with significant signal fluctuations.
- a measurement with strain gauges results for the material sample according to the prior art in a tensile test under the action of tensile force a force curve 204 with somewhat reduced, but still clear Signal fluctuations.
- a measurement with strain gauges results for the material sample according to the invention, such as material sample 100 of FIG. 1, in a tensile test under the action of the tensile force a force curve 206 with almost no signal fluctuations.
- Fig. 3 shows a stress-strain curve with the associated change in the strain rate.
- a stress-strain curve 302 results for the material sample according to the invention, such as material sample 100 according to FIG. 1, and with a strain rate variation from 100 s to 8000 1 / s at a strain rate curve 304.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201780053625.6A CN109716100B (zh) | 2016-07-11 | 2017-07-07 | 材料样品和用于确定样品几何形状的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102016112654.3 | 2016-07-11 | ||
DE102016112654.3A DE102016112654B3 (de) | 2016-07-11 | 2016-07-11 | Werkstoffprobe, Verfahren zum Festlegen einer Probengeometrie, Verfahren zum Ermitteln eines Werkstoffverhaltens und/oder von Werkstoffkennwerten, Spannungs-Dehnungs-Kurve eines Werkstoffs und Produkt |
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WO2018011092A1 true WO2018011092A1 (de) | 2018-01-18 |
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PCT/EP2017/067174 WO2018011092A1 (de) | 2016-07-11 | 2017-07-07 | Werkstoffprobe, verfahren zum festlegen einer probengeometrie, verfahren zum ermitteln eines werkstoffverhaltens und/oder von werkstoffkennwerten, spannungs-dehnungs-kurve eines werkstoffs und produkt |
Country Status (3)
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CN (1) | CN109716100B (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102016112654B3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2018011092A1 (zh) |
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CN110702513B (zh) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-06-18 | 吉林大学 | 一种金属棒材大应变范围硬化曲线的试验测量方法 |
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