WO2018006417A1 - 波束传输方法、装置以及通信系统 - Google Patents
波束传输方法、装置以及通信系统 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018006417A1 WO2018006417A1 PCT/CN2016/089422 CN2016089422W WO2018006417A1 WO 2018006417 A1 WO2018006417 A1 WO 2018006417A1 CN 2016089422 W CN2016089422 W CN 2016089422W WO 2018006417 A1 WO2018006417 A1 WO 2018006417A1
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- antenna array
- beamforming
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- beam transmission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a beam transmission method, apparatus, and communication system.
- the existing wireless spectrum is already crowded.
- people In order to cope with the ever-increasing wireless traffic and the emerging new services, people have to explore wireless spectrum resources with higher frequency and higher bandwidth, such as centimeter wave and millimeter wave.
- the higher the frequency the greater the attenuation.
- a large number of antennas that is, large-scale antenna arrays, can be deployed at the transmitting end and the receiving end of the high-frequency communication link. This results in a larger beamforming gain against severe transmission attenuation.
- a closed loop beamforming scheme is typically employed.
- the receiving end needs to feed back the side information of the channel link to the transmitting end.
- the user equipment needs to feed back channel state information (CSI) to the base station.
- CSI channel state information
- the user equipment feeds back channel quality information and spatial information to the base station.
- spatial information feedback there are currently two mechanisms: feedback based on precoding matrix indicator (PMI) and feedback based on beam selection, respectively corresponding to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
- PMI precoding matrix indicator
- 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
- Type A class A
- type B class B
- the user equipment first estimates the complete channel matrix according to the reference signal, and then finds the codeword that matches it best in the predefined codebook, and feeds back the codeword number (ie, PMI) to the base station. .
- the base station precodes different antenna ports or different resource configurations of a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) with different beamforming vectors.
- the user equipment performs different antenna ports or different resource configurations according to the configuration of the reference signal.
- the antenna port or the resource configuration number that is, the channel state information reference signal resource indicator (CRI, CSI-RS Resource Indicator), which is the largest measured signal strength, is fed back to the base station. Thereby, the base station obtains an optimal beamforming vector of the user equipment.
- CRI channel state information reference signal resource indicator
- CSI-RS Resource Indicator which is the largest measured signal strength
- candidate beamforming vectors ie beam scanning
- serial mode different beamforming vectors are transmitted at different times in a time division multiplexing manner
- parallel mode different beamforming vectors can be weighted with different beamforming vectors in one subframe. Therefore, how to complete beam scanning for a given spatial region with minimal reference signal resources and minimal delay is critical to the acquisition of channel state information and ultimately system performance.
- embodiments of the present invention provide a beam transmission method, apparatus, and communication system.
- a beam transmission method which is applied to a base station, where the base station is configured with an antenna array using beamforming technology, wherein the beam transmission method includes:
- the base station precodes different antenna ports or different resource configurations of the reference signal with different beamforming vectors, wherein the different beamforming vectors are related to the angular resolution of the antenna array; wherein the angular resolution is The number of antennas of the antenna array and the antenna spacing are related;
- the base station transmits different antenna ports or different resource configurations of the precoded reference signal.
- a beam transmission method which is applied to a user equipment, where the user equipment is configured with an antenna array using beamforming technology, wherein the beam transmission method includes:
- the user equipment uses different receive beamforming vectors to measure different antenna ports or different resource configurations of the reference signals configured by the base station, wherein the different receive beamforming vectors are related to the angular resolution of the antenna array;
- the angular resolution is related to the number of antennas of the antenna array and the antenna spacing;
- the user equipment reverses the number of the antenna port or resource configuration with the highest measured reference signal strength Feed to the base station.
- a beam transmission apparatus configured in a base station, where the base station is configured with an antenna array using beamforming technology, wherein the beam transmission apparatus includes:
- a precoding unit that precodes different antenna ports or different resource configurations of the reference signal with different beamforming vectors, wherein the different beamforming vectors are related to an angular resolution of the antenna array;
- the angular resolution is related to the number of antennas of the antenna array and the antenna spacing;
- a transmission unit that transmits different antenna ports or different resource configurations of the precoded reference signals.
- a beam transmission apparatus configured in a user equipment, where the user equipment is configured with an antenna array using beamforming technology, where the beam transmission apparatus includes:
- a measurement unit that measures different antenna ports or different resource configurations of reference signals configured by the base station by using different receive beamforming vectors, wherein the different receive beamforming vectors are related to an angular resolution of the antenna array Wherein the angular resolution is related to the number of antennas of the antenna array and the antenna spacing;
- a feedback unit that feeds back the number of the antenna port or resource configuration with the highest measured reference signal strength to the base station.
- a base station configured with an antenna array employing beamforming technology, wherein the base station comprises the beam transmission device of the aforementioned third aspect.
- a user equipment configured with an antenna array employing beamforming technology, wherein the user equipment comprises the beam transmission apparatus of the foregoing fourth aspect.
- a communication system comprising the base station according to the aforementioned fifth aspect and the user equipment according to the sixth aspect.
- the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are: the method, the device or the system of the embodiment of the present invention makes full use of the resolution of the antenna array in the spatial domain or the angular domain, and can efficiently use less reference signal overhead and lower delay. Beam scanning for a given spatial region is completed to quickly and accurately obtain channel state information.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a beam transmission method of Embodiment 1;
- Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a given spatial region
- 3 is a schematic diagram of beam scanning in which the direction cosine step is equal to the angular resolution
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of combined beam scanning at the transceiver end with a direction cosine step equal to an angular resolution
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a beam transmission device of Embodiment 4.
- Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a base station of Embodiment 4.
- Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a beam transmitting apparatus of Embodiment 5.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a user equipment of Embodiment 5.
- Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a communication system of the sixth embodiment.
- a base station may be referred to as an access point, a broadcast transmitter, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), etc., and may include some or all of their functions.
- the term "base station” will be used herein. Each base station provides communication coverage for a particular geographic area.
- a mobile station or device may be referred to as a "user equipment” (UE).
- UE may be fixed or mobile and may also be referred to as a mobile station, terminal, access terminal, subscriber unit, station, and the like.
- the UE may be a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless telephone, a car, and the like.
- PDA personal digital assistant
- This embodiment provides a beam transmission method, which is applied to a base station, where the base station is configured with an antenna array using beamforming technology, such as analog beamforming technology, or digital beamforming technology, or a hybrid beam.
- beamforming technology such as analog beamforming technology, or digital beamforming technology, or a hybrid beam.
- the antenna array is, for example, a large-scale antenna array.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a beam transmission method according to this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the method includes:
- Step 101 The base station precodes different antenna ports or different resource configurations of the reference signal with different beamforming vectors, wherein the different beamforming vectors (ie, the codebook for the precoding) Corresponding to an angular resolution of the antenna array, the angular resolution being related to an antenna number of the antenna array and an antenna spacing;
- the different beamforming vectors ie, the codebook for the precoding
- Step 102 The base station transmits different antenna ports or different resource configurations of the precoded reference signal.
- This embodiment is described by taking a hybrid beamforming system as an example, but is not limited thereto, and can be applied to any system that performs beam transmission.
- the base station may be a macro base station (for example, an eNB), and the user equipment is served by a macro cell (for example, a macro cell) generated by the macro base station.
- the base station in the embodiment of the present invention may also be a micro base station, where the user equipment is used by the user equipment.
- a microcell generated by the micro base station (for example, a Pico cell) provides a service.
- the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto, and a specific scenario may be determined according to actual needs.
- the reference signal may be a reference signal used for beam discovery and/or beam selection, or may be a reference signal for acquiring channel state information, such as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).
- CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
- the beam is characterized by a beamforming vector, and the beamforming vector for beam scanning is related to the resolution of the antenna array in the spatial or angular domain (referred to as angular resolution), thereby enabling Beam scanning for a given spatial region is efficiently performed with less reference signal overhead and lower latency to quickly and accurately acquire channel state information.
- the method can be used for beam scanning of a horizontal dimension, beam scanning of a vertical dimension, or a joint scanning of two horizontal and vertical dimensions. It is not described separately for each case.
- the interval between the cosines of the direction corresponding to the beamforming vectors adjacent to the angle domain is not greater than (less than or equal to) the angular resolution of the antenna array. That is, in this embodiment, the angular resolution can be used as the maximum step size of the beam scanning.
- the antenna array may be a uniform linear antenna array, that is, an antenna array with the same polarization direction, or a cross-polarized antenna array.
- a cross-polarized antenna array the method of the present embodiment is applicable to each polarization direction of the antenna array.
- an embodiment of the present embodiment will be described below by taking a uniform linear antenna array as an example.
- the angular resolution in the dimension is A unit spatial signature vector with an angle ⁇ to the antenna array can be expressed as:
- ⁇ cos ⁇ is the direction cosine and ⁇ is the given spatial region
- the given spatial region can be expressed as ⁇ ⁇ [ ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ], 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ .
- the autocorrelation function of the unit space signature vector can be obtained by:
- the angular resolution r of the antenna array is used, and the angular resolution r is used as the step size of the beam scanning, that is, for a given spatial region ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ [ ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ], 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ , as shown in Figure 2, the beamforming vector used for beam scanning takes the following form:
- ⁇ 0 [cos ⁇ 2 , cos ⁇ 2 + r)
- the number of required beamforming vectors, ie the size of the codebook used for beam scanning is among them Represents the smallest integer not less than x.
- the normal direction of the antenna should be the middle of the desired coverage or scan area, ie
- the area requiring beam scanning is a 180-degree area.
- the vector set is now a standard orthogonal basis of the signal space.
- the set C N,d ( ⁇ 0 ) can be used as a codebook for beam scanning. Beam selection can be done with only N beams, ie resources or antenna ports of the N reference signals. In this sense, the method of the present embodiment is very efficient in terms of consumption of reference signal resources and time delay.
- the beamforming vector is expressed as:
- Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of a beam scan with a direction cosine step equal to the angular resolution.
- the N is the number of antenna elements corresponding to one radio frequency link, and d is the distance between two adjacent antenna elements.
- the above N is the number of radio frequency links corresponding to one antenna port, and d is the aperture of the antenna sub-array corresponding to one radio frequency link.
- the method of the present embodiment is described by taking a uniform linear antenna array as an example.
- the method of this embodiment is also applicable, that is, for each polarization direction, the method of this embodiment can be used.
- Beam scanning is performed to perform beam transmission, which will not be described here.
- beam scanning for a given spatial region can be efficiently performed with less reference signal overhead and lower delay, thereby quickly and accurately acquiring channel state information.
- the present embodiment provides a beam transmission method, which is applied to a user equipment, and is a user equipment side processing corresponding to the method of Embodiment 1.
- the same content as Embodiment 1 is not repeatedly described.
- the user equipment is also configured with an antenna array using beamforming technology.
- the beamforming technique herein is, for example, an analog beamforming technique, or a digital beamforming technique, or a hybrid beamforming technique, such as a large-scale antenna array.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the method of this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4, the method includes:
- Step 401 The user equipment uses different receive beamforming vectors to measure different antenna ports or different resource configurations of the reference signals configured by the base station, where the different receive beamforming vectors and the antenna array have angular resolutions. Related to, the angular resolution is related to the number of antennas of the antenna array and the antenna spacing;
- Step 402 The user equipment feeds back the number of the antenna port or resource configuration with the measured reference signal strength to the base station.
- the reference signal may be a reference signal used for beam discovery and/or beam selection, or may be a reference signal for acquiring channel state information, such as a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).
- CSI-RS channel state information reference signal
- the received beamforming vector has the same meaning as the beamforming vector of Embodiment 1, and the content thereof is incorporated herein, and details are not described herein again.
- the user equipment may be, for example, a terminal of a beamforming system, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the user equipment may also be a terminal of another network system.
- the embodiment of the present invention is only described by taking a beamforming system as an example, but is not limited thereto, and can be applied to any system that performs beam transmission.
- beam scanning for a given spatial region can be efficiently performed with less reference signal overhead and lower delay, thereby quickly and accurately acquiring channel state information.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of joint beam scanning at both ends of transmission and reception with a direction cosine step equal to an angular resolution.
- r R and r T respectively represent the angular domain resolution of the antenna array at both ends of the transmitting and receiving;
- ⁇ R and ⁇ T are the direction cosines of the transmitting and receiving ends, respectively.
- the present embodiment provides a beam transmission device, which is configured in a base station.
- the principle of solving the problem is similar to the method in the first embodiment. Therefore, the specific implementation may refer to the implementation of the method in the embodiment 1. The description of the same parts will not be repeated.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a beam transmission apparatus of the present embodiment.
- the apparatus 600 includes a precoding unit 601 and a transmission unit 602.
- the precoding unit 601 is configured to precode different antenna ports or different resource configurations of the reference signal with different beamforming vectors, wherein the different beamforming vectors are related to an angular resolution of the antenna array, The angular resolution is related to the number of antennas of the antenna array and the antenna spacing.
- the transmission unit 602 is configured to transmit different antenna ports or different resource configurations of the precoded reference signals.
- the spacing between the cosines of the directions corresponding to the beamforming vectors adjacent in the angular domain is less than or equal to the angular resolution of the antenna array.
- the antenna array may be a uniform linear antenna array or a cross-polarized antenna array.
- the antenna array includes N antennas, and the antenna spacing is d wavelengths.
- the different beamforming vectors described above are expressed as:
- N c is the number of beamforming vectors
- ⁇ 0 is the direction cosine
- ⁇ 0 ⁇ [cos ⁇ 2 , cos ⁇ 2 + r).
- ⁇ is a given spatial region, such as ⁇ ⁇ [ ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ], 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ .
- the different beamforming vectors are represented as:
- N 4
- the different beamforming vectors are expressed as:
- N 8 for a given spatial region ⁇ ⁇ [0, ⁇ ], the different beamforming vectors are expressed as:
- the N is the number of antenna elements corresponding to one radio frequency link, and d is the distance between two adjacent antenna elements.
- the N is the number of radio frequency links corresponding to one antenna port, and d is the aperture of the antenna sub-array corresponding to one radio frequency link.
- beam scanning for a given spatial region can be efficiently performed with less reference signal overhead and lower delay, thereby quickly and accurately acquiring channel state information.
- the embodiment further provides a base station configured with the beam transmission device 600 as described above.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- base station 700 can include a central processing unit (CPU) 701 and memory 702; and memory 702 is coupled to central processor 701.
- the memory 702 can store various data; in addition, a program for information processing is stored, and the program is executed under the control of the central processing unit 601 to receive various information transmitted by the user equipment, and send various information to the user equipment.
- CPU central processing unit
- memory 702 is coupled to central processor 701.
- the memory 702 can store various data; in addition, a program for information processing is stored, and the program is executed under the control of the central processing unit 601 to receive various information transmitted by the user equipment, and send various information to the user equipment.
- the functionality of beam delivery device 600 can be integrated into central processor 701.
- the central processing unit 701 can be configured to implement the beam transmission method described in Embodiment 1.
- the central processor 701 can be configured to precode and transmit different antenna ports or different resource configurations of reference signals with different beamforming vectors, wherein the different beamforming vectors are associated with the antenna array
- the angular resolution is related to the number of antennas of the antenna array and the antenna spacing.
- the beam transmission device 600 can be configured separately from the central processing unit 701.
- the beam transmission device 600 can be configured as a chip connected to the central processing unit 701, and the beam transmission device can be implemented by the control of the central processing unit 701. 600 features.
- the base station 700 may further include: a transceiver 703, an antenna 704, and the like; wherein the functions of the foregoing components are similar to those of the prior art, and details are not described herein again. It should be noted that the base station 700 also does not have to include all the components shown in FIG. 7; in addition, the base station 700 may further include components not shown in FIG. 7, and reference may be made to the prior art.
- beam scanning for a given spatial region can be efficiently performed with less reference signal overhead and lower delay, thereby quickly and accurately acquiring channel state information.
- the embodiment of the present invention provides a beam transmission device, which is configured in a user equipment.
- the principle of the device is similar to that of the second embodiment.
- the specific implementation may refer to the implementation of the method in the second embodiment. The description will not be repeated.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a beam transmitting apparatus of the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, the apparatus 800 includes a measuring unit 801 and a feedback unit 802.
- the measuring unit 801 is configured to measure different antenna ports or different resource configurations of the reference signals configured by the base station by using different receiving beamforming vectors, where the different receiving beamforming vectors and locations are The angular resolution of the antenna array is related to the antenna array The number of antennas and the antenna spacing are related; the feedback unit 802 is configured to feed back the number of the antenna port or resource configuration with the measured reference signal strength to the base station.
- the interval between the cosines of the direction corresponding to the received beamforming vectors adjacent in the angular domain is less than or equal to the angular resolution of the antenna array.
- the antenna array is a uniform antenna array or a cross-polarized antenna array.
- the different receive beamforming vectors are expressed as:
- N c is the number of beamforming vectors
- ⁇ 0 is the direction cosine
- ⁇ 0 ⁇ [cos ⁇ 2 , cos ⁇ 2 + r).
- ⁇ is a given spatial region, such as ⁇ ⁇ [ ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ], 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ .
- the different beamforming vectors are represented as:
- N 4 for a given spatial region ⁇ ⁇ [0, ⁇ ], the different beamforming vectors are expressed as:
- N 8 for a given spatial region ⁇ ⁇ [0, ⁇ ], the different beamforming vectors are expressed as:
- the N is the number of antenna elements corresponding to one radio frequency link, and d is the distance between two adjacent antenna elements.
- the N is the number of radio frequency links corresponding to one antenna port, and d is the aperture of the antenna sub-array corresponding to one radio frequency link.
- beam scanning for a given spatial region can be efficiently performed with less reference signal overhead and lower delay, thereby quickly and accurately acquiring channel state information.
- This embodiment further provides a user equipment configured with the beam transmission device 800 as described above.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram showing the system configuration of the user equipment 900 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the user equipment 900 can include a central processor 901 and a memory 902; the memory 802 is coupled to the central processor 901.
- the figure is exemplary; other types of structures may be used in addition to or in place of the structure to implement telecommunications functions or other functions.
- the functionality of beam transmitting device 800 can be integrated into central processor 901.
- the central processing unit 901 can be configured to implement the beam transmission method described in Embodiment 2.
- the central processor 901 can be configured to perform the following control: using different receive beamforming The vector is respectively measured for different antenna ports or different resource configurations of the reference signal configured by the base station; and the number of the antenna port or resource configuration with the highest measured reference signal strength is fed back to the base station.
- the different beamforming vectors are related to an angular resolution of the antenna array, the angular resolution being related to the number of antennas of the antenna array and the antenna spacing.
- the beam transmission device 800 can be configured separately from the central processing unit 801.
- the beam transmission device 800 can be configured as a chip connected to the central processing unit 901, and the beam transmission device can be implemented by the control of the central processing unit 901. 800 features.
- the user equipment 900 may further include: a communication module 903, an input unit 904, an audio processing unit 905, a display 906, and a power supply 907. It should be noted that the user equipment 900 does not have to include all the components shown in FIG. 9; in addition, the user equipment 900 may further include components not shown in FIG. 9, and reference may be made to the prior art.
- central processor 90 may include a microprocessor or other processor device and/or logic device that receives input and controls various aspects of user device 900. The operation of the part.
- the memory 902 can be, for example, one or more of a buffer, a flash memory, a hard drive, a removable medium, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, or other suitable device.
- the above-described information related to the beamforming vector can be stored, and in addition, a program for executing the related information can be stored.
- the central processing unit 901 can execute the program stored in the memory 902 to implement information storage or processing and the like.
- the functions of other components are similar to those of the existing ones and will not be described here.
- the various components of user device 900 may be implemented by special purpose hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof without departing from the scope of the invention.
- beam scanning for a given spatial region can be efficiently performed with less reference signal overhead and lower delay, thereby quickly and accurately acquiring channel state information.
- the embodiment provides a communication system, including the base station as described in Embodiment 3 and the user equipment as described in Embodiment 4.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the communication system 1000 includes a base station 1001 and a user equipment 1002.
- the base station 1001 may be the base station 700 described in Embodiment 3; the user equipment 1002 may be the user equipment 900 described in Embodiment 4.
- the antenna 1002 is respectively configured with an antenna array using beamforming technology.
- beam scanning for a given spatial region can be efficiently performed with less reference signal overhead and lower delay, thereby quickly and accurately acquiring channel state information.
- the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer readable program, wherein the program causes the beam transmitting device or the base station to perform the beam transmission method described in Embodiment 1 when the program is executed in a beam transmitting device or a base station.
- An embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium storing a computer readable program, wherein the computer readable program causes a beam transmission device or a base station to perform the beam transmission method described in Embodiment 1.
- the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer readable program, wherein the program causes the beam transmitting device or user equipment to perform the beam transmission described in Embodiment 2 when the program is executed in a beam transmitting device or a user equipment method.
- the embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium storing a computer readable program, wherein the computer readable program causes the beam transmission device or the user equipment to perform the beam transmission method described in Embodiment 2.
- the above apparatus and method of the present invention may be implemented by hardware or by hardware in combination with software.
- the present invention relates to a computer readable program that, when executed by a logic component, enables the logic component to implement the apparatus or components described above, or to cause the logic component to implement the various methods described above Or steps.
- the present invention also relates to a storage medium for storing the above program, such as a hard disk, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a DVD, a flash memory, or the like.
- the beam transmission method in the beam transmission apparatus described in connection with the embodiments of the present invention may be directly embodied as hardware, a software module executed by the processor, or a combination of both.
- one or more of the functional block diagrams shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 8 and/or one or more combinations of functional block diagrams may correspond to individual software modules of a computer program flow or to respective hardware modules.
- These software modules may correspond to the respective steps shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 4, respectively.
- These hardware modules can be implemented, for example, by curing these software modules using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- the software module can be located in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage known in the art.
- Storage medium can be coupled to the processor to enable the processor to read information from, and write information to, the storage medium; or the storage medium can be an integral part of the processor.
- the processor and the storage medium can be located in an ASIC.
- the software module can be stored in the memory of the mobile terminal or in a memory card that can be inserted into the mobile terminal.
- the software module can be stored in the MEGA-SIM card or a large-capacity flash memory device.
- One or more of the functional block diagrams described with respect to FIG. 6 or FIG. 8 and/or one or more combinations of functional block diagrams may be implemented as a general purpose processor, digital signal processor (DSP) for performing the functions described herein.
- DSP digital signal processor
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- FPGA field programmable gate array
- One or more of the functional block diagrams described with respect to FIG. 6 or FIG. 8 and/or one or more combinations of functional block diagrams may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, eg, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple micro A processor, one or more microprocessors in communication with the DSP, or any other such configuration.
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Abstract
一种波束传输方法、装置以及通信系统，利用天线阵列在空间域或角度域的分辨率，使得用于波束扫描的波束成形向量与天线阵列在空间域或角度域的分辨率(简称为角度分辨率)有关，由此，能够用较少的参考信号开销和较低的时延高效地完成对给定空间区域的波束扫描，从而快速准确地获取信道状态信息。
Description
本发明涉及通信领域，特别涉及一种波束传输方法、装置以及通信系统。
众所周知，现有的无线频谱早已拥挤不堪。为了应对持续增长的无线业务量以及不断涌现的新业务，人们不得不去探索频率更高带宽更大的无线频谱资源，如厘米波、毫米波等。然而频率越高，所受的衰减越大。为了克服严重的传输损耗，可以在高频通信链路的发送端和接收端部署大量的天线，也即大规模天线阵列。以此来获得较大的波束成形增益，从而对抗严重的传输衰减。
虽然通常的数字域波束成形技术有较高的精度和更大的灵活性，但是考虑到射频链路的成本造价以及功耗，为每一个天线元素都配置一条射频链路是不可行的。另一方面，模拟域波束成形精度较低，灵活性较差。综合考虑，一个折中的方案是为大规模天线阵列配置有限数目的射频链路。这样一来，波束成形需要位于射频前端的模拟域波束成形结合位于基带后端的数字域波束成形来实现，也即混合波束成形技术。
为了获得较大的波束成形增益，通常采用闭环的波束成形方案。为此，接收端需要向发送端反馈信道链路的边信息(side information)。对于无线蜂窝系统来讲，用户设备需要向基站反馈信道状态信息(channel state information，CSI)。尤其是对于采用混合波束成形技术的大规模天线阵列来讲，CSI反馈更为重要。
在现有的多天线系统中，用户设备向基站反馈信道质量信息和空间信息。关于空间信息反馈，目前有两套机制：基于预编码矩阵指示(precoding matrix indicator，PMI)的反馈和基于波束选择的反馈，分别对应于第三代合作伙伴项目(the 3rd Generation Partnership Project，3GPP)术语中的类型A(class A)和类型B(class B)。在基于PMI的反馈机制中，用户设备首先根据参考信号估计完整的信道矩阵，然后在预先定义的码本中找到与其最匹配的码字，将该码字的编号(也即PMI)反馈给基站。在基于波束选择的反馈机制中，基站将信道状态信息参考信号(channel state information reference signal，CSI-RS)的不同天线端口或者不同资源配置用不同的波束成形向量进行预编码。用户设备根据参考信号的配置对其不同天线端口或者不同资源配置进行
测量，将所测量的信号强度最大的天线端口或者资源配置编号，即信道状态信息参考信号资源指示(CRI，CSI-RS Resource Indicator)反馈给基站。从而，基站获得用户设备的最优波束成形向量。
应该注意，上面对技术背景的介绍只是为了方便对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整的说明，并方便本领域技术人员的理解而阐述的。不能仅仅因为这些方案在本发明的背景技术部分进行了阐述而认为上述技术方案为本领域技术人员所公知。
发明内容
然而，发明人发现，在波束选择中，可以通过串行或者并行的方式遍历候选波束成形向量，也即波束扫描。对于串行方式，是指采用时分复用的方式把不同的波束成形向量在不同的时刻进行发送；对于并行方式，可以在一个子帧内对不同的参考信号资源用不同的波束成形向量加权。因此，如何能够用最少的参考信号资源和最短的时延完成对给定空间区域的波束扫描对于信道状态信息的获取以及最终的系统性能至关重要。然而，至今尚无具体的实施方法。
为了能够用最少的参考信号资源和最短的时延完成对给定空间区域的波束扫描，本发明实施例提供一种波束传输方法、装置以及通信系统。
根据本实施例的第一方面，提供了一种波束传输方法，应用于基站，所述基站配置有采用波束成形技术的天线阵列，其中，所述波束传输方法包括：
基站将参考信号的不同天线端口或不同资源配置用不同的波束成形向量进行预编码，其中，所述不同的波束成形向量与所述天线阵列的角度分辨率有关；其中，所述角度分辨率与所述天线阵列的天线数目以及天线间距有关；
所述基站传输预编码后的所述参考信号的不同天线端口或不同资源配置。
根据本实施例的第二方面，提供了一种波束传输方法，应用于用户设备，所述用户设备配置有采用波束成形技术的天线阵列，其中，所述波束传输方法包括：
用户设备利用不同的接收波束成形向量，分别对基站配置的参考信号的不同天线端口或者不同资源配置进行测量，其中，所述不同的接收波束成形向量与所述天线阵列的角度分辨率有关；其中，所述角度分辨率与所述天线阵列的天线数目以及天线间距有关；
所述用户设备将所测量的参考信号强度最大的天线端口或者资源配置的编号反
馈给基站。
根据本实施例的第三方面，提供了一种波束传输装置，配置于基站，所述基站配置有采用波束成形技术的天线阵列，其中，所述波束传输装置包括：
预编码单元，其将参考信号的不同天线端口或不同资源配置用不同的波束成形向量进行预编码，其中，所述不同的波束成形向量与所述天线阵列的角度分辨率有关；其中，所述角度分辨率与所述天线阵列的天线数目以及天线间距有关；
传输单元，其传输预编码后的所述参考信号的不同天线端口或不同资源配置。
根据本实施例的第四方面，提供了一种波束传输装置，配置于用户设备，所述用户设备配置有采用波束成形技术的天线阵列，其中，所述波束传输装置包括：
测量单元，其利用不同的接收波束成形向量，分别对基站配置的参考信号的不同天线端口或者不同资源配置进行测量，其中，所述不同的接收波束成形向量与所述天线阵列的角度分辨率有关；其中，所述角度分辨率与所述天线阵列的天线数目以及天线间距有关；
反馈单元，其将所测量的参考信号强度最大的天线端口或者资源配置的编号反馈给基站。
根据本实施例的第五方面，提供了一种基站，所述基站配置有采用波束成形技术的天线阵列，其中，所述基站包括前述第三方面所述的波束传输装置。
根据本实施例的第六方面，提供了一种用户设备，所述用户设备配置有采用波束成形技术的天线阵列，其中，所述用户设备包括前述第四方面所述的波束传输装置。
根据本实施例的第七方面，提供了一种通信系统，所述通信系统包括前述第五方面所述的基站和前述第六方面所述的用户设备。
本发明实施例的有益效果在于：本发明实施例的方法、装置或系统充分利用了天线阵列在空间域或角度域的分辨率，能够用较少的参考信号开销和较低的时延高效地完成对给定空间区域的波束扫描，从而快速准确地获取信道状态信息。
参照后文的说明和附图，详细公开了本发明的特定实施方式，指明了本发明的原理可以被采用的方式。应该理解，本发明的实施方式在范围上并不因而受到限制。在所附权利要求的条款的范围内，本发明的实施方式包括许多改变、修改和等同。
针对一种实施方式描述和/或示出的特征可以以相同或类似的方式在一个或更多个其它实施方式中使用，与其它实施方式中的特征相组合，或替代其它实施方式中的
特征。
应该强调，术语“包括/包含”在本文使用时指特征、整件、步骤或组件的存在，但并不排除一个或更多个其它特征、整件、步骤或组件的存在或附加。
在本发明实施例的一个附图或一种实施方式中描述的元素和特征可以与一个或更多个其它附图或实施方式中示出的元素和特征相结合。此外，在附图中，类似的标号表示几个附图中对应的部件，并可用于指示多于一种实施方式中使用的对应部件。
所包括的附图用来提供对本发明实施例的进一步的理解，其构成了说明书的一部分，用于例示本发明的实施方式，并与文字描述一起来阐释本发明的原理。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。在附图中：
图1是实施例1的波束传输方法的示意图；
图2是给定空间区域的示意图；
图3是方向余弦步长等于角度分辨率的波束扫描示意图；
图4是实施例3的波束传输方法的示意图；
图5是方向余弦步长等于角度分辨率的收发端联合波束扫描示意图；
图6是实施例4的波束传输装置的示意图；
图7是实施例4的基站的示意图；
图8是实施例5的波束传输装置的示意图；
图9是实施例5的用户设备的示意图；
图10是实施例6的通信系统的示意图。
参照附图，通过下面的说明书，本发明的前述以及其它特征将变得明显。在说明书和附图中，具体公开了本发明的特定实施方式，其表明了其中可以采用本发明的原则的部分实施方式，应了解的是，本发明不限于所描述的实施方式，相反，本发明包括落入所附权利要求的范围内的全部修改、变型以及等同物。下面结合附图对本发明的各种实施方式进行说明。这些实施方式只是示例性的，不是对本发明的限制。
在本申请中，基站可以被称为接入点、广播发射机、节点B、演进节点B(eNB)等，并且可以包括它们的一些或所有功能。在文中将使用术语“基站”。每个基站对特定的地理区域提供通信覆盖。
在本申请中，移动站或设备可以被称为“用户设备”(UE)。UE可以是固定的或移动的，并且也可以称为移动台、终端、接入终端、用户单元、站等。UE可以是蜂窝电话、个人数字助理(PDA)、无线调制解调器、无线通信设备、手持设备、膝上型计算机、无绳电话、汽车等。
下面结合附图对本发明实施例进行说明。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种波束传输方法，该方法应用于基站，该基站配置有采用波束成形技术的天线阵列，这里的波束成形技术例如为模拟波束成形技术，或者数字波束成形技术，或者混合波束成形技术，这里的天线阵列例如为大规模天线阵列。
图1是本实施例的波束传输方法的示意图，如图1所示，该方法包括：
步骤101：基站将参考信号的不同天线端口或不同资源配置用不同的波束成形向量进行预编码，其中，所述不同的波束成形向量(也即用于所述预编码的码本(codebook))与所述天线阵列的角度分辨率有关，所述角度分辨率与所述天线阵列的天线数目以及天线间距有关；
步骤102：所述基站传输预编码后的所述参考信号的不同天线端口或不同资源配置。
本实施例以混合波束成形系统为例进行说明，但并不限于此，可以适用于任何进行波束传输的系统。
在本实施例中，基站可以为宏基站(例如eNB)，用户设备由该宏基站产生的宏小区(例如Macro cell)提供服务；本发明实施例的基站也可以为微基站，用户设备由该微基站产生的微小区(例如Pico cell)提供服务。本发明实施例不限于此，可以根据实际的需要确定具体的场景。
在本实施例中，上述参考信号可以是用于波束发现和/或波束选择的参考信号，也可以是用于获取信道状态信息的参考信号，如信道状态信息参考信号(CSI-RS)等。
在本实施例中，波束是通过波束成形向量来表征的，而用于波束扫描的波束成形向量与天线阵列在空间域或角度域的分辨率(简称为角度分辨率)有关，由此，能够
用较少的参考信号开销和较低的时延高效地完成对给定空间区域的波束扫描，从而快速准确地获取信道状态信息。
在本实施例中，该方法可以用于水平维度的波束扫描，也可以用于垂直维度的波束扫描，或者，水平和垂直两个维度联合扫描的情况。对于每一种情况不再单独说明。
在本实施例的一个实施方式中，在角度域相邻的波束成形向量所对应的方向余弦之间的间隔不大于(小于或者等于)该天线阵列的角度分辨率。也即，在该本实施方式中，可以以角度分辨率作为波束扫描的最大步长。
在本实施例中，该天线阵列可以是均匀线性天线阵列，也即极化方向相同的天线阵列，也可以是交叉极化天线阵列。对于交叉极化天线阵列，本实施例的方法适用于该天线阵列的每一个极化方向。为了方便说明，下面以均匀线性天线阵列为例，对本实施例的一个实施方式进行说明。
在本实施方式中，该均匀线性天线阵列包含有N个天线，天线间距为d个波长，从而，该天线阵列的口径(aperture size)可以表示为L＝Nd，由此，该天线阵列在空间维度上的角度分辨率为
与该天线阵列夹角为θ的单位空间签名(unit spatial signature)向量可以表示为：
其中，Θ＝cosθ，为方向余弦，θ为给定空间区域，该给定空间区域可以表示为θ∈[θ1,θ2]，0≤θ1＜θ2≤π。
由此，该单位空间签名向量的自相关函数可以由下式得到：
其中，
可见，该单位空间签名向量的自相关函数是平稳的周期函数，周期为T＝Nr。
本实施方式中，利用该天线阵列的角度分辨率r，以角度分辨率r作为波束扫描的步长，也即，对于给定空间区域θ，θ∈[θ1，θ2]，0≤θ1＜θ2≤π，如图2所示，用
于波束扫描的波束成形向量采用如下形式：
其中，Θ0∈[cosθ2，cosθ2+r)，所需波束成形向量的数目，也即用于波束扫描的码本大小为
其中
表示不小于x的最小整数。
通常，为了更好地覆盖，天线的法线方向应为所需覆盖或扫描区域的中间，也即
当θ1＝0，θ2＝π时，需要波束扫描的区域为180度区域。此时该向量集合是信号空间的一个标准正交基。换句话说，集合CN，d(Θ0)可以作为波束扫描的码本。只需N个波束，也即N个参考信号的资源或天线端口，就可以完成波束选择。在这种意义上，本实施例的方法在对参考信号资源的消耗方面以及时延方面，是非常高效的。
在本实施例的一个实施方式中，如果给定空间区域为θ∈[0，π]，Θ0＝-1，此时，该波束成形向量表示为：
图3是方向余弦步长等于角度分辨率的波束扫描的示意图。
在本实施例中，如果给定空间区域为θ∈[0，π]，对于天线间距等于半波长的典型情况，也即
4天线(N＝4)的用于波束扫描的码本(波束成形向量)可以表示为：
其中，
类似的，对于给定空间区域为θ∈[0，π]，8天线(N＝8)的用于波束扫描的码本(波束成形向量)可以表示为：
其中，
在本实施例中，对于模拟波束成形的波束扫描，所述N为一个射频链路所对应的天线元素的数目，上述d为两个相邻的天线元素之间的距离。对于数字波束成形的波束扫描，上述N为对应于一个天线端口的射频链路的数目，上述d为对应于一个射频链路的天线子阵列的口径。
前面以均匀线性天线阵列为例对本实施例的方法做了说明，对于交叉极化天线阵列，本实施例的方法同样适用，也即，对每一个极化方向，都可以采用本实施例的方法进行波束扫描，从而进行波束传输，此处不再赘述。
通过本实施例的方法，能够用较少的参考信号开销和较低的时延高效地完成对给定空间区域的波束扫描，从而快速准确地获取信道状态信息。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种波束传输方法，该方法应用于用户设备，是与实施例1的方法对应的用户设备侧的处理，其中，与实施例1相同的内容不再重复说明。在本实
施例中，该用户设备也配置有采用波束成形技术的天线阵列。与实施例1类似，这里的波束成形技术例如为模拟波束成形技术，或者数字波束成形技术，或者混合波束成形技术，这里的天线阵列例如为大规模天线阵列。
图4是本实施例的方法的一个实施方式的示意图，如图4所示，该方法包括：
步骤401：用户设备利用不同的接收波束成形向量，分别对基站配置的参考信号的不同天线端口或者不同资源配置进行测量，其中，所述不同的接收波束成形向量与所述天线阵列的角度分辨率有关，所述角度分辨率与所述天线阵列的天线数目以及天线间距有关；
步骤402：所述用户设备将所测量的参考信号强度最大的天线端口或者资源配置的编号反馈给基站。
在本实施例中，上述参考信号可以是用于波束发现和/或波束选择的参考信号，也可以是用于获取信道状态信息的参考信号，如信道状态信息参考信号(CSI-RS)等。
在本实施例中，该接收波束成形向量与实施例1的波束成形向量的含义相同，其内容被合并于此，此处不再赘述。
在本实施例中，该用户设备例如可以是波束成形系统的终端，但本发明不限于此，例如该用户设备还可以是其他网络系统的终端。本发明实施例仅以波束成形系统为例进行说明，但并不限于此，可以适用于任何进行波束传输的系统。
通过本实施例的方法，能够用较少的参考信号开销和较低的时延高效地完成对给定空间区域的波束扫描，从而快速准确地获取信道状态信息。
以上通过实施例1和实施例2分别对发送端和接收端的波束扫描进行了说明，本实施例并不以此作为限制，在具体实施过程中，也可以两端同时进行联合波束扫描。图5是方向余弦步长等于角度分辨率的收发两端进行联合波束扫描的示意图。如图5所示，rR和rT分别表示收发两端天线阵列的角度域分辨率；ΘR和ΘT分别为收发两端的方向余弦。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种波束传输装置，该装置配置于基站，由于该装置解决问题的原理与实施例1的方法类似，因此其具体的实施可以参考实施例1的方法的实施，内
容相同之处不再重复说明。
图6是本实施例的波束传输装置的示意图，如图6所示，该装置600包括：预编码单元601和传输单元602。该预编码单元601用于将参考信号的不同天线端口或不同资源配置用不同的波束成形向量进行预编码，其中，所述不同的波束成形向量与所述天线阵列的角度分辨率有关，所述角度分辨率与所述天线阵列的天线数目以及天线间距有关。该传输单元602用于传输预编码后的所述参考信号的不同天线端口或不同资源配置。
在一个实施方式中，在角度域相邻的波束成形向量所对应的方向余弦之间的间隔小于或者等于所述天线阵列的角度分辨率。
在本实施例中，该天线阵列可以是均匀线性天线阵列，也可以是交叉极化天线阵列。
在本实施例的一个实施方式中，该天线阵列包含N个天线，天线间距为d个波长，该天线阵列的口径表示为L＝Nd，该天线阵列在空间维度上的角度分辨率为
上述不同的波束成形向量表示为：
其中，Nc为所述波束成形向量的数目，Θ0为方向余弦，并且Θ0∈[cosθ2，cosθ2+r)。θ为给定空间区域，例如θ∈[θ1,θ2]，0≤θ1＜θ2≤π。
在本实施例的一个实施方式中，如果给定空间区域为θ∈[0，π]，Θ0＝-1，所述不同的波束成形向量表示为：
在本实施例的一个实施方式中，
N＝4，对于给定空间区域θ∈[0,π]，所述不同的波束成形向量表示为：
其中，
在本实施例的一个实施方式中，
N＝8，对于给定空间区域θ∈[0,π]，所述不同的波束成形向量表示为：
其中，
在本实施例中，对于模拟波束成形的波束扫描，所述N为一个射频链路所对应的天线元素的数目，所述d为两个相邻的天线元素之间的距离。对于数字波束成形的波束扫描，所述N为对应于一个天线端口的射频链路的数目，所述d为对应于一个射频链路的天线子阵列的口径。
通过本实施例的装置，能够用较少的参考信号开销和较低的时延高效地完成对给定空间区域的波束扫描，从而快速准确地获取信道状态信息。
本实施例还提供一种基站，该基站配置有如前所述的波束传输装置600。
图7是本发明实施例的基站的构成示意图。如图7所示，基站700可以包括：中央处理器(CPU)701和存储器702；存储器702耦合到中央处理器701。其中该存储器702可存储各种数据；此外还存储信息处理的程序，并且在中央处理器601的控制下执行该程序，以接收该用户设备发送的各种信息、并且向用户设备发送各种信息。
在一个实施方式中，波束传输装置600的功能可以被集成到中央处理器701中。其中，中央处理器701可以被配置为实现实施例1所述的波束传输方法。
例如，该中央处理器701可以被配置为：将参考信号的不同天线端口或不同资源配置用不同的波束成形向量进行预编码并传输，其中，所述不同的波束成形向量与所述天线阵列的角度分辨率有关，所述角度分辨率与所述天线阵列的天线数目以及天线间距有关。
在另一个实施方式中，波束传输装置600可以与中央处理器701分开配置，例如可以将波束传输装置600配置为与中央处理器701连接的芯片，通过中央处理器701的控制来实现波束传输装置600的功能。
此外，如图7所示，基站700还可以包括：收发机703和天线704等；其中，上述部件的功能与现有技术类似，此处不再赘述。值得注意的是，基站700也并不是必须要包括图7中所示的所有部件；此外，基站700还可以包括图7中没有示出的部件，可以参考现有技术。
通过本实施例的基站，能够用较少的参考信号开销和较低的时延高效地完成对给定空间区域的波束扫描，从而快速准确地获取信道状态信息。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种波束传输装置，配置于用户设备中，由于该装置解决问题的原理与实施例2的方法类似，其具体的实施可以参考实施例2的方法的实施，内容相同之处不再重复说明。
图8是本实施例的波束传输装置的示意图，如图8所示，该装置800包括：测量单元801和反馈单元802。
在本实施例中，该测量单元801用于利用不同的接收波束成形向量，分别对基站配置的参考信号的不同天线端口或者不同资源配置进行测量，其中，所述不同的接收波束成形向量与所述天线阵列的角度分辨率有关，所述角度分辨率与所述天线阵列的
天线数目以及天线间距有关；该反馈单元802用于将所测量的参考信号强度最大的天线端口或者资源配置的编号反馈给基站。
在本实施例中，在角度域相邻的上述接收波束成形向量所对应的方向余弦之间的间隔小于或者等于所述天线阵列的角度分辨率。
在本实施例中，所述天线阵列为均匀性天线阵列或交叉极化天线阵列。
在一个实施方式中，所述天线阵列包含N个天线，天线间距为d个波长，所述天线阵列的口径表示为L＝Nd，所述天线阵列在空间维度上的角度分辨率为
所述不同的接收波束成形向量表示为：
其中，Nc为所述波束成形向量的数目，Θ0为方向余弦，并且Θ0∈[cosθ2，cosθ2+r)。θ为给定空间区域，例如θ∈[θ1,θ2]，0≤θ1＜θ2≤π。
在一个实施方式中，对于给定空间区域θ∈[0,π]，Θ0＝-1，所述不同的波束成形向量表示为：
在一个实施方式中，
N＝4，对于给定空间区域θ∈[0,π]，所述不同的波束成形向量表示为：
其中，
在一个实施方式中，
N＝8，对于给定空间区域θ∈[0,π]，所述不同的波束成形向量表示为：
其中，
在本实施例中，对于模拟波束成形的波束扫描，所述N为一个射频链路所对应的天线元素的数目，所述d为两个相邻的天线元素之间的距离。对于数字波束成形的波束扫描，所述N为对应于一个天线端口的射频链路的数目，所述d为对应于一个射频链路的天线子阵列的口径。
通过本实施例的装置，能够用较少的参考信号开销和较低的时延高效地完成对给定空间区域的波束扫描，从而快速准确地获取信道状态信息。
本实施例还提供了一种用户设备，配置有如前所述的波束传输装置800。
图9是本发明实施例的用户设备900的系统构成的示意框图。如图9所示，该用户设备900可以包括中央处理器901和存储器902；存储器802耦合到中央处理器901。值得注意的是，该图是示例性的；还可以使用其他类型的结构，来补充或代替该结构，以实现电信功能或其他功能。
在一个实施方式中，波束传输装置800的功能可以被集成到中央处理器901中。其中，中央处理器901可以被配置为实现实施例2所述的波束传输方法。
例如，该中央处理器901可以被配置为进行如下控制：利用不同的接收波束成形
向量，分别对基站配置的参考信号的不同天线端口或者不同资源配置进行测量；将所测量参考信号强度最大的天线端口或者资源配置的编号反馈给基站。其中，所述不同的波束成形向量与所述天线阵列的角度分辨率有关，所述角度分辨率与所述天线阵列的天线数目以及天线间距有关。
在另一个实施方式中，波束传输装置800可以与中央处理器801分开配置，例如可以将波束传输装置800配置为与中央处理器901连接的芯片，通过中央处理器901的控制来实现波束传输装置800的功能。
如图9所示，该用户设备900还可以包括：通信模块903、输入单元904、音频处理单元905、显示器906、电源907。值得注意的是，用户设备900也并不是必须要包括图9中所示的所有部件；此外，用户设备900还可以包括图9中没有示出的部件，可以参考现有技术。
如图9所示，中央处理器901有时也称为控制器或操作控件，可以包括微处理器或其他处理器装置和/或逻辑装置，该中央处理器901接收输入并控制用户设备900的各个部件的操作。
其中，存储器902，例如可以是缓存器、闪存、硬驱、可移动介质、易失性存储器、非易失性存储器或其它合适装置中的一种或更多种。可储存上述与波束成形向量相关的信息，此外还可存储执行有关信息的程序。并且中央处理器901可执行该存储器902存储的该程序，以实现信息存储或处理等。其他部件的功能与现有类似，此处不再赘述。用户设备900的各部件可以通过专用硬件、固件、软件或其结合来实现，而不偏离本发明的范围。
通过本实施例的用户设备，能够用较少的参考信号开销和较低的时延高效地完成对给定空间区域的波束扫描，从而快速准确地获取信道状态信息。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种通信系统，包括如实施例3所述的基站以及如实施例4所述的用户设备。
图10是本发明实施例的通信系统的构成示意图，如图10所示，该通信系统1000包括基站1001以及用户设备1002。其中，基站1001可以是实施例3中所述的基站700；用户设备1002可以是实施例4所述的用户设备900。该基站1001和该用户设
备1002分别配置有采用波束成形技术的天线阵列。
由于在前述实施例中，已经对基站和用户设备进行了详细说明，其内容被合并于此，此处不再赘述。
通过本实施例的通信系统，能够用较少的参考信号开销和较低的时延高效地完成对给定空间区域的波束扫描，从而快速准确地获取信道状态信息。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读程序，其中当在波束传输装置或基站中执行所述程序时，所述程序使得所述波束传输装置或基站执行实施例1所述的波束传输方法。
本发明实施例还提供一种存储有计算机可读程序的存储介质，其中所述计算机可读程序使得波束传输装置或基站执行实施例1所述的波束传输方法。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读程序，其中当在波束传输装置或用户设备中执行所述程序时，所述程序使得所述波束传输装置或用户设备执行实施例2所述的波束传输方法。
本发明实施例还提供一种存储有计算机可读程序的存储介质，其中所述计算机可读程序使得波束传输装置或用户设备执行实施例2所述的波束传输方法。
本发明以上的装置和方法可以由硬件实现，也可以由硬件结合软件实现。本发明涉及这样的计算机可读程序，当该程序被逻辑部件所执行时，能够使该逻辑部件实现上文所述的装置或构成部件，或使该逻辑部件实现上文所述的各种方法或步骤。本发明还涉及用于存储以上程序的存储介质，如硬盘、磁盘、光盘、DVD、flash存储器等。
结合本发明实施例描述的在波束传输装置中的波束传输方法可直接体现为硬件、由处理器执行的软件模块或二者组合。例如，图6或图8中所示的功能框图中的一个或多个和/或功能框图的一个或多个组合，既可以对应于计算机程序流程的各个软件模块，亦可以对应于各个硬件模块。这些软件模块，可以分别对应于图1或图4所示的各个步骤。这些硬件模块例如可利用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)将这些软件模块固化而实现。
软件模块可以位于RAM存储器、闪存、ROM存储器、EPROM存储器、EEPROM存储器、寄存器、硬盘、移动磁盘、CD-ROM或者本领域已知的任何其它形式的存
储介质。可以将一种存储介质耦接至处理器，从而使处理器能够从该存储介质读取信息，且可向该存储介质写入信息；或者该存储介质可以是处理器的组成部分。处理器和存储介质可以位于ASIC中。该软件模块可以存储在移动终端的存储器中，也可以存储在可插入移动终端的存储卡中。例如，若设备(例如移动终端)采用的是较大容量的MEGA-SIM卡或者大容量的闪存装置，则该软件模块可存储在该MEGA-SIM卡或者大容量的闪存装置中。
针对图6或图8描述的功能框图中的一个或多个和/或功能框图的一个或多个组合，可以实现为用于执行本申请所描述功能的通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或其它可编程逻辑器件、分立门或晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件、或者其任意适当组合。针对图6或图8描述的功能框图中的一个或多个和/或功能框图的一个或多个组合，还可以实现为计算设备的组合，例如，DSP和微处理器的组合、多个微处理器、与DSP通信结合的一个或多个微处理器或者任何其它这种配置。
以上结合具体的实施方式对本发明进行了描述，但本领域技术人员应该清楚，这些描述都是示例性的，并不是对本发明保护范围的限制。本领域技术人员可以根据本发明的原理对本发明做出各种变型和修改，这些变型和修改也在本发明的范围内。
Claims (11)
- 一种波束传输装置，配置于基站，所述基站配置有采用波束成形技术的天线阵列，其中，所述波束传输装置包括：预编码单元，其将参考信号的不同天线端口或不同资源配置用不同的波束成形向量进行预编码，其中，所述不同的波束成形向量与所述天线阵列的角度分辨率有关；其中，所述角度分辨率与所述天线阵列的天线数目以及天线间距有关；传输单元，其传输预编码后的所述参考信号的不同天线端口或不同资源配置。
- 根据权利要求1所述的波束传输装置，其中，在角度域相邻的波束成形向量所对应的方向余弦之间的间隔小于或者等于所述天线阵列的角度分辨率。
- 根据权利要求1所述的波束传输装置，其中，所述天线阵列为均匀线性天线阵列或交叉极化天线阵列。
- 根据权利要求1所述的波束传输装置，其中，对于模拟波束成形，所述天线数目为一个射频链路所对应的天线元素的数目，所述天线间距为两个相邻的天线元素之间的距离。
- 根据权利要求1所述的波束传输装置，其中，对于数字波束成形，所述天线数目为对应于一个天线端口的射频链路的数目，所述天线间距为对应于一个射频链路的天线子阵列的口径。
- 一种波束传输装置，配置于用户设备，所述用户设备配置有采用波束成形技术的天线阵列，其中，所述波束传输装置包括：测量单元，其利用不同的接收波束成形向量，分别对基站配置的参考信号的不同天线端口或者不同资源配置进行测量，其中，所述不同的接收波束成形向量与所述天线阵列的角度分辨率有关；其中，所述角度分辨率与所述天线阵列的天线数目以及天线间距有关；反馈单元，其将所测量的参考信号强度最大的天线端口或者资源配置的编号反馈给基站。
- 根据权利要求6所述的波束传输装置，其中，在角度域相邻的接收波束成形向量所对应的方向余弦之间的间隔小于或者等于所述天线阵列的角度分辨率。
- 根据权利要求6所述的波束传输装置，其中，所述天线阵列为均匀线性天线 阵列或交叉极化天线阵列。
- 根据权利要求6所述的波束传输装置，其中，对于模拟波束成形，所述天线数目为一个射频链路所对应的天线元素的数目，所述天线间距为两个相邻的天线元素之间的距离。
- 根据权利要求6所述的波束传输装置，其中，对于数字波束成形，所述天线数目为对应于一个天线端口的射频链路的数目，所述天线间距为对应于一个射频链路的天线子阵列的口径。
- 一种通信系统，所述通信系统包括基站和用户设备，所述基站和所述用户设备分别配置有采用波束成形技术的天线阵列，其中，所述基站还配置有权利要求1所述的波束传输装置，所述用户设备还配置有权利要求6所述的波束传输装置。
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| PCT/CN2016/089422 WO2018006417A1 (zh) | 2016-07-08 | 2016-07-08 | 波束传输方法、装置以及通信系统 |
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