WO2017211551A1 - Procédé et dispositif de commande d'une puissance de décharge pour une unité d'accumulation - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de commande d'une puissance de décharge pour une unité d'accumulation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017211551A1
WO2017211551A1 PCT/EP2017/061752 EP2017061752W WO2017211551A1 WO 2017211551 A1 WO2017211551 A1 WO 2017211551A1 EP 2017061752 W EP2017061752 W EP 2017061752W WO 2017211551 A1 WO2017211551 A1 WO 2017211551A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
averaging interval
energy
consumer
connection point
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PCT/EP2017/061752
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mathias Buenemann
Matthias GROENE
Original Assignee
Sma Solar Technology Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of WO2017211551A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017211551A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/04—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources
    • H02J3/06—Controlling transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling sharing of load between connected networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a discharge power of a memory unit associated with a system with the aim of limiting a power consumption of the system from a public power grid.
  • a related by the system during an averaging interval power is to be limited to a predetermined target value Z E iei within a billing period.
  • a system is to be understood here as meaning a system having at least one electrical consumer, for example a household, a building or an establishment, which is connected to the public energy supply network for supplying the at least one consumer via a grid connection point.
  • the application further discloses a device for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the energy costs are billed at regular intervals, for example monthly.
  • the bills of energy costs are usually staggered and have a base amount - for example, to use the energy supply network provided by the utility company - and a consumption share, which is assigned to the total energy consumed during the billing period.
  • the invoices also have a further share of costs, which characterizes a maximum of the system's performance during the accounting period.
  • the billing period is divided into averaging intervals of, for example, 15 minutes, during which the average performance of the system is determined.
  • the maximum of all average services of a billing period is defined here the amount of this invoice share and therefore also the total invoiced amount.
  • a system with electrical loads may affect the power received via the grid connection point by using a local energy storage such as a battery.
  • a local energy storage such as a battery.
  • the energy storage is charged in times with low power consumption of the consumer via the power grid.
  • the storage unit when the electric power flowing through the grid connection point is below the threshold value, the storage unit is charged, while at a power above the threshold value, the storage unit is discharged in order to reduce the power consumption from the energy supply grid.
  • the threshold While manually specifying the threshold allows historical data from the power received through the grid connection point to be used, it is still one or more fixed values that will not change during the billing cycle. In addition, it can only be estimated from the historical data which thresholds would be suitable for the future billing period. For example, if the estimated thresholds are too low, the memory unit is often empty. If significant load peaks occur, they can not be covered by the storage unit. In order to prevent this, a high-capacity memory unit having a high storage capacity can be used, but it is expensive.
  • a method for automatically controlling the discharge performance of a storage unit is desirable in order to provide the to limit during an averaging interval over the network connection point related electrical energy to a predetermined target value Z E iei.
  • the method should be suitable for a storage unit designed to be small in terms of storage capacity, and should rather control it efficiently.
  • From DE 10 201 1 1 14 344 A1 discloses a method for load balancing a network with a plurality of electronic consumers is known, in which the consumers each Nutzintervalle be assigned with a predetermined depending on the respective consumer interval duration. Within the useful intervals, the power is controlled in each case so that the consumer averaged over the useful interval one of the consumer specified average power corresponding power is supplied and on the other hand within each useful interval, the total load of the consumers of a total available power within predetermined tolerances.
  • the document DE 10 2007 063513 A1 discloses a device and a method to avoid a mains power consumption in the peak load range.
  • a time-limited change in the power supply of individual or multiple consumers of mains power to electricity of an energy storage or energy plant is provided.
  • WO 2014 029420 A1 relates to a method for limiting the electrical energy consumption of at least two load devices acting as consumers for charging traction batteries of electrically driven vehicles.
  • a forecast value for the energy consumption of the charging devices for a running time interval is determined, which is compared with a predetermined maximum value. Then, when the prognosis value is greater than the predetermined maximum value, a setpoint value associated with a charging device, which limits a power consumption of the respective charging device, is reduced.
  • DE 10 2012 103081 A1 discloses a method for optimizing a power consumption of a group of consumers that are connected to a public power grid, a wind or solar power generator and a bidirectionally operable energy storage.
  • the method envisages rationing the actual power consumption of individual consumers based on a predicted power generation of the wind or solar power generator and characteristic consumption profiles of the respective consumers.
  • the rationing may include switching on or off, but also throttling a power consumption of the consumer.
  • DE 10 2009 0101 17 A1 discloses a method for equalizing a power consumption of a group of energy-consuming appliances in which an uncontrolled consumption of power is determined in a first step over a definable period of time. In a second step, a power average is formed based on the uncontrolled consumption, which is used as a default for a desired value during a similar subsequent period. In order to avoid exceeding the setpoint with the current power, the devices are switched on and off according to their priority.
  • DE 20 2008 017778 U 1 relates to a device for setting a maximum consumption of an energy distribution system with a number of consumption units.
  • a consumption unit causing a consumption peak is determined by a continuous consumption data determination during a first period of time.
  • the corresponding consumption unit is then switched off at an expected time of the peak consumption within the reference period.
  • Publication DE 10 2015 206510 A1 which was published in the priority application DE 10 2016 1 10716.6 of the present application, discloses a method for coordinating a power exchange at a power transmission connection between a consumption unit and a power supply network. It is only generally mentioned that an energy store can be used to avoid a peak load related to the energy transfer connection.
  • the invention is based on the object of disclosing a method for the adaptive control of a discharge power P ba t (t) of a memory unit assigned to a system, with the aim of obtaining an energy obtained via a network connection point of the system during an averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ to a target value E Z iei, without having to restrict consumers' consumption patterns to those assigned to the system. It should operate the method with a memory unit designed as low as possible in terms of their capacity, which is operated as effectively as possible during the process. The method should be able to be operated with the least possible effort on required sensors. Likewise, the invention has for its object to provide an apparatus for performing the method.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by a method having the features of independent claim 1.
  • the dependent claims 2 to 1 1 are directed to preferred embodiments of the method.
  • the claim 12 is directed to an apparatus for performing the method, while the claims 13 to 16 are directed to advantageous embodiments of the devices.
  • An inventive method for adaptively controlling a discharge power P bat (t) of an associated system memory unit pursues the goal of a related by a power supply network via a network connection point of the system within an averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ electrical energy ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ to a target value E Z iei to limit.
  • the method comprises the steps:
  • the system according to the application is to be understood as meaning a system having at least one electrical consumer, but in particular a plurality of electrical consumers, which receives electrical power from the public energy supply network via the grid connection point in order to supply its consumers.
  • a system may comprise a household, a building or a multi-building unit, eg an establishment.
  • the discharge power of the memory unit P at (t) describes the power with which the memory unit associated with the system is discharged.
  • a positive discharge power P b at (t)> 0 indicates a discharge operation of the storage unit
  • a negative discharge power P b at (t) ⁇ 0 describes a charging operation of the storage unit.
  • a billing period is a period of time relevant to the creation of an energy billing of the system.
  • the billing period is usually specified by an operator of the energy supply network (EVN). In particular, it may include a day, a week, a month or a year.
  • the averaging interval is also usually specified by the operator of the EVN.
  • the duration of the averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is less than or equal to the billing period and usually includes periods in the range of a few minutes, for example 15 min, 30 min, 1 h or several hours.
  • the electrical power P NA p (t,) obtained during an averaging interval At M i via the network connection point of the system is measured at specific times t i.
  • the system-related electrical power ⁇ ( ⁇ ) includes not only the power flowing from the power grid to the system, but also the power flowing from the system to the power grid. While in the first case the system-related power ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is positive (PNAp (t)> 0), in the second case it is evaluated negatively (P NA p (t) ⁇ 0). From the already measured values of the electrical power ⁇ ( ⁇ ) obtained from the energy supply network and the times t assigned to the measured values, the electrical energy AE NAP (FIG.
  • the discharge power Pbat (t) is adapted to the memory unit of the system. If indications exist that the current flowing through the grid connection point throughout the averaging interval At M i energy ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ the discharge Pbat (t) is concrete then the desired target value E Z iei exceed increases the storage unit.
  • NAp (f) ⁇ T t [ E target ⁇ P NAP CO G? X] (equation 2).
  • the power reference value P re f, NAp (t) corresponds to a future maximum power consumption within the averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ over the grid connection point.
  • P re f, NAp (ti) is compared with the last determined power reference value P re f, NAp (ti + i).
  • the power consumption of the individual consumers of the system can be measured by appropriate power sensors explicitly at the consumer, their knowledge in the application of the method according to the invention is not mandatory. It is only necessary to detect the knowledge of the power PNAPW flowing into the system via the mains connection with a corresponding power sensor. However, such a power sensor is required in any case, since the calculation of the billing over this determines the power received by the power grid.
  • a in a short period related via the network connection point peak power ⁇ ( ⁇ ) can be compensated in a longer period during the averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ an only slightly increased discharge power P at (t) the storage unit.
  • an energy supply in the storage unit are built. With the help of the built-up energy supply then a short-term higher consumption of the system can be tolerated.
  • temporal fluctuations of the power flowing through the grid connection point which at least partially compensate each other, do not necessarily entail a strongly fluctuating change in the discharge power P ba t (t) of the memory unit.
  • an early detected power fluctuation at the grid connection point can be at least partially compensated by subsequent power fluctuations.
  • the compensation flows into the control of the discharge power P ba t (t), which is why significant fluctuations of the discharge power P ba t (t), which would otherwise be required for a simultaneous compensation, are significantly reduced.
  • This has an advantageous effect on the life of the storage unit.
  • the inventive method makes it possible to supply any consumer at the same time to different proportions both via the network connection point and via the memory unit.
  • the discharge capacity of the storage unit can be varied continuously, but at least in small steps. In total, the storage unit can be designed comparatively small in terms of their capacity.
  • the billing period comprises only one averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ . This can only cover part of the billing period or the entire billing period.
  • the billing period comprises further averaging intervals ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ - particular, the entire billing period is completely divided into a plurality of adjacent averaging intervals ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the averaging intervals ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ may have the same duration or different durations.
  • the inventive method for the adaptive control of the discharge power P ba t (t) of the memory unit assigned to the system is repeated for each additional averaging interval At M i.
  • the destination that travels from the power grid through the network connection point of the system within a time frame is repeatedly traced Averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ related electrical energy ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ to limit a of each averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ associated target value Z E iei.
  • the system has a local power generation plant, in particular a photovoltaic (PV) plant and / or a wind energy (WE) plant.
  • a power PEEAW produced by the local power generation plant the power P NA p (t) related to the grid connection point can be further reduced.
  • the power PEEAW produced by the local power generation plant may also be used to reduce the discharge power P at (t) of the storage unit.
  • the locally produced power PEEAW can be taken into account in the control of the discharge power P ba t (t).
  • prognosis data can be taken into account in the method according to the invention with which a future generated electrical power ⁇ ( ⁇ ) of the local power generation plant can be estimated.
  • the system has at least one consumer with a power profile assigned to the at least one consumer.
  • the power profile allows a forecast of the future consumption of electric power P v (t) of the load profile associated consumer in the averaging interval At M
  • the power profile is taken into account in the control of the discharge power P bat (t) of the storage unit.
  • the performance profile can allow a forecast on the power consumption of only one consumer assigned to the performance profile.
  • the performance profile may also be associated with a group of multiple consumers and have only a prediction of the power consumption of the entire group but not of each individual consumer of the group. Taking into account the performance profile, there are similar advantages to those already given in connection with the Forecast data for future power generation of the local power generation plant mentioned.
  • the system has a consumer control which is designed to vary the power flow to at least one of the consumers of the system and / or to activate or deactivate at least one of the consumers.
  • a consumer control which is designed to vary the power flow to at least one of the consumers of the system and / or to activate or deactivate at least one of the consumers.
  • the variation of the power flow to the at least one consumer, and / or the activation or deactivation of the at least one consumer are taken into account.
  • the power flow to a specific consumer can be selectively throttled, or a low-priority consumer can be selectively switched off.
  • the power ⁇ ( ⁇ ) related via the grid connection point is not only influenced by the control of the discharge power P ba t (t) of the memory unit, but also by an active control of at least one individual system assigned consumer.
  • a further variant of the method is characterized in that at least one frame condition of the respective memory unit is taken into account in the control of the discharge power P ba t (t) of the memory unit.
  • a current state-of-charge (SOC), a current state-of-health (SOH), a maximum permitted charging power and / or a maximum permitted discharging power of the storage unit can be used as a framework condition.
  • SOC state-of-charge
  • SOH current state-of-health
  • a maximum permitted charging power and / or a maximum permitted discharging power of the storage unit can be used as a framework condition.
  • the current SOC for example, a deep discharge potentially damaging the memory unit is prevented.
  • the maximum permissible values of charging power and / or discharging power the occurrence of effects that irreversibly damage the storage unit is prevented.
  • the billing period has several tariff periods, for example a high-tariff (HT) period and a low-tariff (NT) period.
  • the billing period may include further tariff periods, for example an off-peak period.
  • the target value is E Zie i of a certain tariff period associated averaging interval At M i independently and in particular different from the target value EE Zie i of an associated one another tariff period averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ - Specifically, the target value E Z can iei an NT-tariff period exceeds the target value e iei Z are a HT-tariff period.
  • the power ⁇ ( ⁇ ) related to the network connection point can be limited independently of each other in the individual tariff periods and / or at least partially be moved from an HT period to an NT period. In this way, the energy costs of the system can be minimized within the billing cycle.
  • an updating of at least one target value E Zie i in the course of the billing period wherein when updating a maximum value of the actually received from the power supply network via the network connection point energy ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ already past averaging intervals ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ in the current billing period considered ,
  • an initially given target value Eziei is then updated for future averaging interval, particularly increased when an equally high target value E Z iei in a past averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ has already been exceeded once. In this case it does not make sense to maintain the initially planned target value E Z iei for future averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the initially predetermined target value E Zie i can be increased directly to this maximum value or - if a plurality of target values E Zie i are predetermined in staggered form from the outset - be increased to the next higher target value E Zie i.
  • the target value E Zie i is generated for a future averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ I depending on a target value E Zie i of an averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ of the current or a preceding billing period serving as a reference.
  • the averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ I serving as a reference may correspond, for example, to a time-averaged averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ of a preceding day, a preceding week, or of a preceding year.
  • an immediately preceding averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ serve as a reference of the future averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the generation of the target value E Zie i can take place via a product of the target value E Zie i of the averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ serving as a reference with a scalar factor, in particular a scalar factor ⁇ 1.
  • the control of the discharge power Pbat (t) of the storage unit takes place in steps or at intervals.
  • intervals are defined for the power reference value P re f, NAp (t), within which there is no change in the Discharge power P ba t (t) of the storage unit is carried out. Rather, a change in the discharge power P ba t (t) takes place only when the currently calculated power reference value P re f, NAp (t) falls within a different interval than the previously calculated.
  • immediately adjacent times t ,, t i + i have a time interval of a maximum of one minute, optionally of a maximum of one to a few seconds.
  • the number of times t, and / or their time interval can be selected depending on the frequency of expected load fluctuations.
  • the times t can be distributed equidistantly within the averaging interval. In general, the closer directly adjacent instants t 1 , t i + 1 are adjacent, the more accurate the determination of the energy AE NAP (t) already obtained in the averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ 1 .
  • a device for limiting an electrical energy ⁇ ⁇ to a target value E Zie i from a power supply network via a network connection point of a system within an averaging interval At M i comprises:
  • a memory unit having an energy store and a bidirectionally operable DC / AC converter connected to the energy store
  • control unit for controlling the discharge power P at (t) of the memory unit which is connected to the memory unit, in particular to the bidirectionally operable DC / AC converter assigned to the memory unit,
  • a measuring and evaluation unit connected to the control unit, to which a
  • Power sensor for detecting one of a power grid via the
  • the device is characterized in that the measuring and
  • Evaluation unit is designed, in conjunction with the control unit, the discharge capacity
  • the energy store may in particular be one or more rechargeable batteries. Alternatively or cumulatively, however, other energy stores, such as capacitors, supercapacitors, flywheels or compressed air storage can be used.
  • the control unit as well as the measuring and evaluation unit can each be present as separate units. Alternatively, however, they may also be individually or jointly part of another controller. In the further control, it may be in particular, a controller of the DC / AC converter or a memory unit associated battery inverter act.
  • Both the control unit and the measurement and evaluation unit may comprise a plurality of processors. In this case, the plurality of processors can each be combined in one device, or distributed to different devices. For example, a first portion of processors of the measurement and evaluation unit may be within a battery management system of a battery as an energy store and another portion of processors within a controller of the DC / AC converter. It is within the scope of the invention that the method steps
  • the balancing energy counter simultaneously forms the time integral of the power in the form of the energy ⁇ ⁇ (t) already obtained since a reference time, for example the start time of the averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the measuring and evaluation unit is split, since part of the evaluation already takes place in the balancing energy meter as a power sensor itself, which then transmits corresponding energy values upon request.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the device has a local power generation plant, in particular a photovoltaic (PV) plant or a wind energy (WE) plant, and a receiving unit connected to the measuring and evaluation unit for receiving prognosis data.
  • the measurement and evaluation unit is designed to determine a ⁇ within the averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ electric power in the future generated PEEAW of local power generation plant with the forecast data, and in connection with the control unit, the electric power determining PEEAW future generated by the local power generation plant in which Control the discharge power P ba t (t) of the storage unit to be considered.
  • An alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention further comprises a consumer control connected to at least one consumer associated with the system.
  • the consumption control is designed to vary the power flow to the at least one consumer and / or to the at least one consumer activate or deactivate.
  • the measuring and evaluation unit is designed, in conjunction with the control unit, to take into account the variation of the power flow to the at least one load, and / or the activation or deactivation of the at least one load in the control of the discharge power Pbat (t) of the memory unit.
  • the device is therefore capable of not only the power ⁇ ( ⁇ ) obtained via the network connection point during the averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ , not only via the discharge power P ba t (t) of the storage unit, but also via a throttling and / or an on or Switching off individual consumers of the system to influence.
  • the consumers have a prioritization regarding the sequence of their shutdown.
  • a similar to the consumption control generator control can be provided, which varies the electrical power generated by the power generation plant PEEAW targeted.
  • the targeted variation of the generated electrical power PEEAW can also be taken into account in the control of the discharge power P ba t (t) of the storage unit.
  • the measurement and evaluation unit has access to a performance profile of at least one consumer assigned to the system.
  • a performance profile is to be understood in particular as meaning a time-dependent power flow to the at least one consumer or a group of several consumers.
  • the performance profile of the measuring and evaluation unit can be transmitted by the respective consumer via wireless or wired data transmission.
  • the performance profile can also be made available by an operator of the system of the measurement and evaluation unit.
  • the measuring and evaluation unit itself, in conjunction with suitable power sensors, which are each assigned to a consumer, perform time-resolved power measurements on the individual consumers, analyze them to determine corresponding power profiles of the respective consumers, and store them for later access.
  • the power profile now has a power consumption of the at least one consumer during a reference interval assigned to the current averaging interval At M i.
  • the reference interval may have the same time, the same day of the week, and / or the same season as the current averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the measuring and evaluation unit is designed based on the power profile to create a consumption forecast for the future consumption of at least one consumer - optionally all consumers of the system - within the averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the measuring and evaluation unit is designed, in conjunction with the control unit, to take into account the consumption forecast in the control of the discharge capacity P bat (t) of the storage unit.
  • the consumption forecast results in a greater degree of freedom in the control of the discharge power Pbat (t), since, for example, with knowledge of a predicted power reduction of individual consumers, the discharge capacity P ba t (t) of the storage unit can be selected to be greater, at least over a certain period of time, than without Knowing the predicted power reduction would be the case.
  • the memory unit has a plurality of energy stores.
  • the memory unit has a plurality of bidirectionally operable DC / AC converters and / or a plurality of bidirectionally operable DC / DC converters (7.3).
  • the energy stores are each connected to a separate bidirectionally operable DC / AC converter and / or each connected via one of the bidirectionally operable DC / DC converter with the DC / AC converter as a shared DC / AC converter.
  • control unit is designed to control the discharge capacities of the individual DC / AC converters and / or the individual DC / DC converters differently, ie with different discharge powers, in such a way that the total discharge capacity P at (t) of the storage unit results.
  • the storage unit can thus have a plurality of energy stores of different types and with different properties. For example, a first energy store is designed for a rapid variation of the discharge power, while a second energy store is designed for only a small variation of the discharge power, but has a high storage capacity. By dividing up the respective advantages of each type of energy storage can be skilfully combined.
  • FIG. 1 system with an embodiment of the device according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 outlines the method using the example of an example assumed
  • FIG. 3 shows a flow chart for the method according to the invention.
  • 4 shows a simulation result for the time dependence of different powers of a system using the method according to the invention. Specifically, the power consumption Pv (t), the power ⁇ ( ⁇ ) extracted via the grid connection point and the discharge power P ba t (t) of the storage unit are shown here. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
  • a system 1 is shown with an embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the system 1 is a household or a building with a plurality of electrical consumers 8 to 10.
  • the electrical consumers 8 to 10 are connected via a phase conductor L- ⁇ and the neutral conductor N to a public power grid 2.
  • the boundary of the system 1 is schematically marked by a dashed line.
  • a network connection point 15 is arranged, via which the system 1 for the electrical supply of the consumers 8 to 10 is connected to the energy supply network 2.
  • the system 1 further has a memory unit 7 connected to the phase conductor L-1 and the neutral conductor N, which comprises an energy store 7.2 - here in the form of a rechargeable battery - and a DC / AC converter 7.1.
  • the DC / AC converter 7.1 is bidirectionally operable and thus designed for charging, as well as for discharging the energy storage 7.1.
  • the discharge power P at (t) of the storage unit 7 serves mainly to supply the loads 8 to 10 allocated to the system 1, however, excess discharge power can in principle also be fed into the energy supply network 2.
  • the system 1 further comprises a local power generation plant 5 - here in the form of a photovoltaic (PV) plant with a PV generator 5.2 and a PV inverter 5.1 - on.
  • PV photovoltaic
  • the system 1 may also have other local power generation plants, eg wind energy plants or fuel cell plants.
  • the power PEEAW generated by the local power generation plant 5 the system's own consumers 8 to 10 can also be supplied, while an excess of generated power PEEAW can be fed into the energy supply network 2.
  • An electrical power ⁇ ( ⁇ ) flowing via the network connection point 15 is detected via a power sensor 3.
  • the power sensor 3 is advantageously designed to detect the power ⁇ ( ⁇ ) flowing via the network connection point 15 bidirectionally-that is to say both a power flowing in the direction of the system 1 and a system 1 flowing in the direction of the power supply network 2.
  • a supply of power in the power grid 2 for example due to a power capacity of the memory unit 7 and / or the power generation plant 5 seems unlikely, but optionally a unidirectionally designed power sensor 3 can be used.
  • the power P NA pti detected at certain times t is advantageously provided with a time stamp for marking the time t, its detection, and forwarded to a measuring and evaluation unit 12.
  • the measuring and evaluation unit 12 has a communication and control connection - here represented by a dashed line - to the power sensor 3 on.
  • the measuring and evaluation unit 12 evaluates the measured values of the powers PNAp (ti) flowing via the network connection point 15 at discrete times t, in accordance with the method according to the invention.
  • the measurement and evaluation unit 12 calculates an electrical energy AE NAP (t) that has already flowed via the network connection point 15 in the direction of the system 1 during a current averaging interval At M i up to the current time t.
  • a power reference value P re f NAP (t) is calculated, which the future maximum within the averaging interval permitted power reference via the grid connection point 15 describes. If the power ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ) actually flowing through the grid connection point 15 does not exceed the power reference value P re f, NAp (t) in the available time of the averaging interval At M i, at least in the time average, it is ensured that the end t end of the averaging interval At M i the target value E Zie i is maintained.
  • the measuring and evaluation unit 12 in conjunction with a control unit 1 1 then controls the discharge power P at (t) of the energy storage unit 7.
  • the measuring and evaluation unit 12 in each case before setting a new discharge power P at (t) checks whether the newly set discharge power P ba t (t) is within predetermined tolerance values of the memory unit 7. If, for example, the discharge power P ba t (t) to be set is outside the predetermined tolerance values of a maximum permitted discharge power or charging power, then the discharge power P ba t (t) to be set is corrected to the maximum permitted value according to the tolerance specifications.
  • the corrected value of the discharge power P ba t (t) is set at the memory unit 7 to prevent the memory unit 7 from being damaged and / or over-discharged.
  • the control of the discharge power P bat (t) is shown schematically in FIG. 1 by communication and control connections in the form of dashed lines between the measuring and evaluation unit 12, the control unit 11 and the energy storage unit 7.
  • the power reference value P re f, NAp (t) is now updated within the averaging interval At M i several times, in particular at short regular time intervals. In this way, an energy AE NA p (t) already obtained during the averaging interval At M i is always interrogated again and is thus taken into account in the current and future control of the discharge power P bat (t) of the memory unit.
  • the control of the discharge power Pbat (t) is thus updated regularly during the averaging interval At M i.
  • the measuring and evaluation unit 12 is connected to a power sensor 21 assigned to the memory unit 7, which is designed to detect the actually discharged discharge power P ba t (t) of the memory unit 7. Furthermore, it is connected to a power sensor 20 of the local power generation plant 5 for detecting an electric power PEEAW currently generated by the power generation plant 5 in order to take this into account in the control of the discharge power P ba t (t).
  • a power sensor 21 assigned to the memory unit 7 is designed to detect the actually discharged discharge power P ba t (t) of the memory unit 7.
  • a power sensor 20 of the local power generation plant 5 for detecting an electric power PEEAW currently generated by the power generation plant 5 in order to take this into account in the control of the discharge power P ba t (t).
  • an electrical power to be provided overall within the system 1 can be divided between the discharge power P ba t (t) of the energy storage unit 7 and the power PEEAW generated by the power generation plant 5. This would otherwise - ie without a present in the system 1 local power generation plant 5
  • the measuring and evaluation unit 12 is connected to a receiving unit 14 for receiving prognosis data 30.
  • the prognosis data 30 make it possible to forecast the power PEEAW generated within the averaging interval At M i by the local power generation plant 5 in the future.
  • the measurement and evaluation unit 12 has access to a power profile 31 of at least one consumer 8 to 10. This is illustrated by the dashed line between the power profile 31 and the measurement and evaluation unit 12.
  • the prognosis of the future generated electrical power PEEAW of the power generation plant and the knowledge of the power profile 31 of the at least one consumer 8 to 10 allows a greater degree of freedom in the control of the discharge power P ba t (t) of the energy storage unit 7 than would be the case without forecasts.
  • the consumer control 13 is designed to control the consumers 8 to 10 in their power consumption, in particular to throttle a power consumption of at least one of the consumers 8 to 10 and / or to switch the at least one consumer 8 to 10 on or off.
  • the power currently consumed by each of the consumers 8 to 10 is measured for control purposes via corresponding power sensors 22 to 24, which in turn are connected to the measuring and evaluation unit 12 for the purpose of passing on corresponding measured values.
  • the measuring and evaluation unit 12 - in conjunction with the control unit 1 1 and the load controller 13 - able to power consumption within the system 1 by throttling and / or off or on individual consumers 8 to 10 to active influence.
  • FIG. 1 shows only a single-phase power supply of the system 1 and the loads 8 to 10 associated with the system 1 via the phase conductor L-1 and the neutral conductor N of the power supply network 2.
  • a power supply of the system 1 multiphase - in particular three-phase - takes place.
  • a power flowing overall over all phases is to be taken into account as electrical power PNAPW ZU flowing through the network connection point 15.
  • a power sensor 3 for each phase is to be provided at the grid connection point 15.
  • a single power sensor 3 may be used which is designed to detect the total power P N Ap (t) flowing through all phases.
  • Fig. 2 the method illustrated schematically an example of a time course of 32 adopted by the current flowing through the power supply point 15 power P N Ap (t) during an averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ -
  • the averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ with the initial time t to f and the end time t En d is divided by the illustrated current time t into two time ranges, an already expired time range of the width tt An f and a still following time range of the width t En d - t.
  • the time characteristic 32 of the electrical power flowing through the network connection point 15 of the system 1 is known in principle - eg via measurements already made of the corresponding power ⁇ ( ⁇ ) AT the times t 1.
  • the time course 32 of the power P NA p (t) t) is therefore shown in the form of a solid line.
  • the power ⁇ ( ⁇ ) flowing through the grid connection point 15 is not known.
  • the time profile 32 can be estimated in this area at most taking into account a power profile 31 and / or prognosis data 31 and is therefore shown in this area in the form of a dashed line.
  • a first step S1 of the method of the averaging interval are determined or predefined, if these are not already known to the measurement and evaluation unit 12 at or before the beginning of a new averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ initial parameters.
  • initial parameters are used, for example, of the averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ associated target value E Zie i, the initial time t f at the end time t end, and the beginning of the averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ set discharge of the memory unit 7.
  • step S2 According to a total consumption of all active consumers 8 to 10 of the system 1 and the currently set discharge power P b at (ti) of the storage unit 7 is in step S2 at the grid connection point 15, a power flow ⁇ , if this is not already there anyway ,
  • step S3 the power P N Ap (ti) flowing via the network connection point 15 is determined via the power sensor 3 and transferred to the measuring and evaluation unit 12.
  • a check is made as to whether the value P a tt2 to be newly set lies within predefined tolerance values of the memory unit and an adjustment of the value to be newly set is permitted for the memory unit 7 without damaging it. For example, it is checked whether the value to be set exceeds a maximum permitted discharge power and / or charging power of the memory unit. Likewise, it is checked whether the risk of a total discharge of the memory unit 7 threatens in the immediate future, taking into account the newly set value P b a. Likewise, it is checked whether the newly set value of the discharge power P a tt2 collides in any other way with the current state of charge SOC of the memory unit 7, for example because it is already almost fully charged.
  • the value to be reset does not permit a setting, it is corrected to an allowable value in a step S7. For example, an excessively high value of the discharge power P b at (ti) is limited to the maximum permitted discharge power before the corrected value is set at the memory unit 7 in a step S7 in conjunction with the control unit 11. If the value P a tt2 to be newly set is within the permitted tolerance values, the method jumps from step S 5 directly to step S7. In a step S8 is now queried whether the current averaging interval At M i has expired.
  • step S2 the method jumps back to step S2, in which now based on the newly set discharge power P bat t 2 of the memory unit 7 and an optionally changed consumption of all active consumers 8 bis 10 of the system 1 sets a new power P N Apt2 flowing through the grid connection point 15.
  • the setting of the power P N Apt2 flowing via the network connection point 15 is a self-adjustment, which follows immediately after setting a new discharge power P ba tt (t) to be set according to step S7 and / or a change of the loads 8 to 10 of the Systems 1 consumed power occurs.
  • step S4 again by a calculation of the new discharge power P ba tt3, which is set after checking and, if necessary, correction in steps S5 and S6 in step S7 in conjunction with the control unit 1 1 on the memory unit 7.
  • step S8 it is again queried whether the current averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ has expired.
  • This loop is repeated for the current averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ for subsequent times t, until the averaging interval At M i has expired (t> t End ) - In this case, the process is terminated or with a new averaging interval ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ again started from step S1.
  • the method steps S3 and S4 take place within the balancing energy meter.
  • the simulation was carried out assuming a maximum battery discharge power of 250 watts, which is not capable of the total power P v (t) consumed by the consumers 8 to 10 of the system 1 taking into account the maximum allowed over the network connection point 15 flowing to cover power e Z iei / at M i simultaneously. Rather, the maximum allowable discharge capacity of the memory unit 7 is too low, which is why at certain times the actual power flowing through the grid connection point 15 ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ) significantly exceeds the average allowable power E Zie i / At M i - at least for a short time.
  • the application of the inventive method results in the i-averaged power ⁇ ⁇ over the network connection point 15 since the beginning of the averaging interval At M ( ⁇ ) the predetermined by the target value i EE Zie average power e iei Z / At M i is not exceeded.
  • NAP 15 grid connection point
  • PNAP (ti) (related to the grid connection point) power tAnf start time

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  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant la commande adaptive d'une puissance de décharge Pbat(t) d'une unité d'accumulation (7) associée à un système (1), avec l'objectif de limiter à une valeur ciblée EZiel une énergie électrique ΔΕΝΑP prise par un réseau de distribution électrique (2) par l'intermédiaire d'un point de raccordement de réseau (15) du système (1) à l'intérieur d'un intervalle d'obtention de moyenne ΔtMI. Selon l'invention, l'intervalle d'obtention de moyenne ΔtΜI comprend, selon ΔtMI = tEnd - tAnf, un instant de début tAnf, un instant de fin End et une pluralité d'instants ti répartis à l'intérieur de l'intervalle d'obtention de moyenne ΔtΜI avec (i=1..n) selon tAnf ≤ ti ≤ tEnd. Le procédé comprend les étapes consistant à : mesurer une puissance électrique ΡΝΑΡ(ti) prise par le réseau de distribution électrique (2) par l'intermédiaire du point de raccordement de réseau (15) à la pluralité des instants ti (i=1..n) ; déterminer une énergie électrique ΔENAP(t) déjà prise à l'intérieur de l'intervalle d'obtention de moyenne ΔtΜI par l'intermédiaire du point de raccordement de réseau (15) au temps instantané t à partir des valeurs de mesure, déjà effectuées à l'intérieur de l'intervalle d'obtention de moyenne ΔtΜI, de l'énergie électrique ΡΝΑΡ(ti) prise aux instants ti par le réseau de distribution électrique (2) ; commander la puissance de décharge Pbat(t) de l'unité d'accumulation (7) durant l'intervalle d'obtention de moyenne ΔtΜI en fonction : o de la détermination de l'énergie électrique ΔENAP(t) déjà prise dans l'intervalle d'obtention de moyenne ΔtΜI par l'intermédiaire du point de raccordement de réseau (15) au temps actuel t, o du temps t actuel situé dans l'intervalle d'obtention de moyenne ΔtΜI, et o de la valeur ciblée EZiel pour l'énergie électrique prise par le réseau de distribution électrique (2) pour l'intervalle d'obtention de moyenne ΔtΜI. L'invention concerne en outre un dispositif pour exécuter le procédé.
PCT/EP2017/061752 2016-06-10 2017-05-16 Procédé et dispositif de commande d'une puissance de décharge pour une unité d'accumulation WO2017211551A1 (fr)

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CN113193603A (zh) * 2021-05-31 2021-07-30 阳光电源股份有限公司 一种能量管理系统的功率分配方法及能量管理系统

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DE102018104604A1 (de) 2018-02-28 2019-08-29 Sma Solar Technology Ag Vorrichtung zur Verbindung eines Teilnetzes mit einem Wechselspannungsnetz und Verfahren zur Regelung einer elektrischen Leistung
DE102018132645A1 (de) * 2018-12-18 2020-06-18 Sma Solar Technology Ag Verfahren zur steuerung einer elektrischen anlage mit einer mehrzahl von elektrischen geräten, steuerungseinheit und elektrische anlage mit einer derartigen steuerungseinheit
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