WO2020058172A1 - Système de commande/régulation d'un réseau électrique et module de commande/régulation d'un système de commande/régulation d'un réseau électrique - Google Patents

Système de commande/régulation d'un réseau électrique et module de commande/régulation d'un système de commande/régulation d'un réseau électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020058172A1
WO2020058172A1 PCT/EP2019/074666 EP2019074666W WO2020058172A1 WO 2020058172 A1 WO2020058172 A1 WO 2020058172A1 EP 2019074666 W EP2019074666 W EP 2019074666W WO 2020058172 A1 WO2020058172 A1 WO 2020058172A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
module
network
energy storage
control
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/074666
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernd Zeilmann
Original Assignee
Richter R & W - Steuerungstechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE202018105317.5U external-priority patent/DE202018105317U1/de
Priority claimed from DE102018215777.4A external-priority patent/DE102018215777B4/de
Application filed by Richter R & W - Steuerungstechnik GmbH filed Critical Richter R & W - Steuerungstechnik GmbH
Publication of WO2020058172A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020058172A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/008—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks involving trading of energy or energy transmission rights
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J5/00—Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control system for a power network.
  • the invention further relates to a control module for a control system for a power network.
  • EP 1 683 681 B1 describes a system and a method for regulating power in a motor vehicle electrical system.
  • the use of a fuel cell as a DC voltage supplier in a power grid is known from DE 10 2013 220 300 Al and from DE 10 2013 209 396 Al.
  • CN 107785931 A describes a power network management system.
  • US 2013/0286521 A describes systems and methods for detecting and dealing with errors in a DC bus system.
  • the professional article by F. Zhang et el., 2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC microgrids (ICDCM), pp. 355 to 358, July 2018 describes the advantages and challenges of a DC microgrid (microgrid) for commercial buildings.
  • ICDCM First International Conference on DC microgrids
  • US 2011/0291479 A1 describes a Energy storage system and a method for controlling it.
  • US 2018/0197254 A1 describes an autonomous (stand-alone) energy supply system.
  • US 2017/0288413 A1 describes a control system for maintaining preferred battery levels in a microgrid.
  • US 2014/0139188 A1 describes a device for controlling charging / discharging processes.
  • US 2011/0148360 A1 describes an energy storage system and a control method therefor.
  • US 2011/0125336 A1 describes a system monitoring controller for use in a telecommunications location that is supplied with renewable energy.
  • a control system for a power grid is known from the
  • a modular structure of the system in which AC voltage components, DC voltage components and energy storage components are accommodated in different module levels, enables a system structure that can be flexibly adapted to changing system conditions.
  • the system can be easily equipped with a new AC voltage module, the charging power supply and inverter of which are adapted to a correspondingly changed supply node of an AC voltage network.
  • Corresponding changes are also possible within the DC voltage module, for example to another one DC voltage supplier can be adjusted.
  • the charging power supply unit can be designed such that the in particular public AC voltage network cannot be charged via the DC voltage module. Such a design of the charging power supply simplifies the regulatory effort when installing the system.
  • the DC voltage supplier can be a soldering system and / or, for example, a fuel cell, wind turbine, or turbine.
  • the DC network control device can have a plurality of DC ports, which can be interconnected in parallel if required.
  • the DC consumers can be lighting with DC light sources, for example LEDs and / or a computer and / or charging stations for electric or hybrid vehicles.
  • the control module operates a network and load management of the DC network.
  • the control module on the one hand and the direct current network control device on the other hand can be in a master / slave relationship.
  • At least one network isolation device increases operational reliability of the system.
  • the network isolation device can serve to protect people and / or systems.
  • a data interface according to claim 3 improves the network and load management of the control module via access to, for example, weather forecast data.
  • the supply or demand-relevant information can also be fleet information in relation to electric or hybrid vehicles as consumers or electricity price information for rechargeable alternating current.
  • At least one local weather station leads to corresponding advantages and can offer additional security by being independent of external data.
  • a gateway according to claim 5 enables current tariff information that can be used as a basis for the control algorithm of the control module. In this way, if the price of electricity is higher, a level of the energy store below which recharging takes place from the AC network can be reduced.
  • the DC network control device can be integrated in the control module.
  • a photovoltaic system and / or, for example, also a fuel cell can be used as the DC voltage supplier.
  • the control module can also be used in a control system that is not built up in modules. Different conditional operating energy storage levels according to claim 7 with a corresponding prioritization of the consumers that are connected to the system enable a particularly flexible utilization of the energy storage.
  • An energy consumption maximization energy storage level enables, in situations in which a large amount of energy can be provided cheaply from the network or by generating one's own energy, a predictive operation of all connected consumers, which can be designed in such a way that for this purpose later periods with lower supply capacity can be built up via the energy storage and the consumers' energy reserves in batteries and other sectors. For example, external consumer batteries can then be charged or cooling units can be cooled down to a normal temperature.
  • a maintenance of connection states according to claim 9 and a disconnection of connection states according to claim 10 can take place with a hysteresis depending on the energy storage levels, so that an undesirable fluctuation of the operating states in the event that the charging capacity of the energy storage device is just around one of the levels - fluctuates, is avoided.
  • the advantages of a consumption control component according to claim 11 correspond to those which have already been explained above with reference to the control module.
  • a dynamic data or parameter calculation that is synchronous with the time of day enables the control system to be equipped with the control module to be highly flexible, so that, in particular, cost-optimized power consumption on the one hand and energy distribution on the other hand can take place.
  • a time-synchronous evaluation and calculation according to claim 13 enables a situation-adjusted readjustment of a state of charge of the energy store.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a modular control / regulating system for a power network, including a control / regulating module;
  • FIG. 2 shows an energy store of an energy storage module of the control system that has a plurality of battery cells according to FIG. 1, various energy storage levels which trigger control activities of the control module being shown in a scaled manner;
  • 3 shows a connection diagram of an electronic component of the control module, the component being designed as a consumer component;
  • modules of a further embodiment of a modular open-loop / closed-loop control system including a power supply module and a low-voltage distribution module;
  • a modular control / regulation system 1 for a power network is divided into several module levels and comprises an AC voltage module 2, a DC voltage module 3, an energy storage module 4, a control / regulation module 5 and a network module 6.
  • the modules 2 to 6 can be used in different ways - Be housed in separate components, for example in different control cabinets. A separation between the modules 2 to 6 is indicated in FIG. 1 by dashed lines.
  • the AC voltage module contains a charging power supply unit 7, via which current from a public AC voltage network 10 can be loaded in a rectified manner into a DC voltage network 11 of the DC voltage module 3 on demand from a control unit 8 of the control module 5 (compare signal connection 9) .
  • the charging power supply 7 can be electrically isolated from the public network 10.
  • the charging power supply 7 is over a smart meter 12 with a feed node 13 of the AC voltage network 10 in a line connection. A price of the alternating current that can be recharged via the charging power supply unit can be called up via the smart meter 12.
  • the smart meter 12 is connected to the control / regulating unit 8 of the control / regulating module 5 via a gateway 14 and a signal connection 15.
  • the AC voltage module 2 also has an inverter 16, via which, on demand from the control module 5 (see signal connection 17), DC current from the DC voltage network 11 of the DC voltage module 3 is converted into AC current for AC consumers 18, 19, 20, 21 .
  • the inverter 16 thus connects the DC voltage network 11 to an AC voltage supply network 22 of the AC voltage module 2 for the AC consumers 18 to 21.
  • the AC voltage supply network 22 of the AC voltage module 2 has a network insulation device 23 for the protection of persons and equipment of the network components connected to the AC voltage supply network 22, that is to say the AC consumers 18 to 21.
  • the network insulation device 23 contains a leakage current monitoring unit 24 and a disconnector 25.
  • the AC consumer 18 can be a network component, a data processing device, for example a computer, a control unit, a server and / or a telephone system.
  • the AC consumer 19 can be consumers which are connected to the AC power supply network 22 via household sockets.
  • the AC consumer 20 can be an AC lighting act plant.
  • the AC consumer 21 can be a charging point or charging station for an electric vehicle.
  • the AC consumer 18 can be designed for a maximum power consumption of 0.1 kW.
  • the AC consumer 19 can be designed for a maximum power consumption of 0.9 kW.
  • the AC consumer 20 can be designed for a maximum power consumption of 3.2 kW.
  • the AC consumer 21 can be designed for a maximum power consumption of 3.7 kW.
  • the power consumption indicators for the AC consumers 18 to 21 can range between 0.05 kW and 500 kW.
  • the AC consumers 18 to 21 each have a switch 26, via which they can be connected to the AC voltage supply network 22 or can be separated therefrom. These switches 26 can be actuated by the control / regulating unit 8 of the control / regulating module 5 via the signal connection 17.
  • a DC voltage supplier 27 This can be a photovoltaic system.
  • a fuel cell is also possible as a DC voltage supply 27.
  • Via direct current lines 28, 29, the direct voltage supplier 27 is connected to a direct current network control device 30 of the direct voltage module 3.
  • the direct current lines 28, 29 lead to two input ports 31, 32 of the direct current network control device 30.
  • the direct current network control device 30 is in turn connected to the direct voltage network 11.
  • the DC voltage module 3 also includes DC voltage power supplies 33, 34, via which the control module 5 (signal bindings 35, 36) a higher DC mains voltage of the DC voltage network 11 is converted into a lower DC supply voltage for DC consumers 37, 38.
  • the DC voltage network 11 can be operated with a DC voltage of 400 volts.
  • the lower DC supply voltage can be 48 V.
  • the DC consumer 37 can be a network component, a data processing device, for example a computer, a control unit, a server and / or a telephone system.
  • the DC consumer 38 can be DC workshop lighting.
  • the DC consumer 37 can be designed for a power draw of 0.35 kW.
  • the DC consumer 38 can be designed for a power draw of 2 kW.
  • Performance indicators of the DC consumers 37, 38 can in turn lie in a range between 0.05 kW and 50 kW, with a DC consumer also being designed for a higher power consumption.
  • Consumers can also use e.g. DC / DC chargers for e-mobility can be connected to the DC voltage network 11 directly or via the DC network control device 30.
  • a disconnector 39, 40 of a network insulation device 41 for the DC voltage network 11 is arranged on the one hand directly after the charging power supply 7 and on the other hand directly before the connection of the DC network control device 30.
  • the network Insulation device 41 in turn has a current / leakage current monitoring unit 42, by means of which faults in the DC voltage network 11 can be detected and which ensures people and system protection.
  • the energy storage module 4 of the control system 1 contains an energy store 43 with a plurality of battery cells 44.
  • the battery can have a capacity which is greater than 15 kWh and which can be up to 1 MWh or even greater.
  • a maximum line extraction can take place via the energy store 43, which can be greater than 15 kW and which can be, for example, in the range of 20 kW or also of 50 kW.
  • the energy store 43 can be a combination of a plurality of stationary and / or mobile energy stores. Such a plurality of energy stores can be arranged centrally at one location or else distributed over several locations.
  • the DC voltage supplier 27 can have a peak power of more than 5 kW, for example a peak power in the range of 8 or 9 kW, 10 kW or even a higher peak power up to 500 kW or more have higher.
  • the energy store 43 is connected via a direct current line 44a to three parallel input ports 45, 46, 47 of the direct current network control device 30.
  • the energy store 30 is connected to the DC voltage network 11 via these ports 45 to 47 of the DC network control device 30.
  • the control / regulating unit 8 is connected to the direct current network regulating device 30 via a further signal connection 48.
  • the control / regulating unit 8 of the control / regulating module 5 serves for supply and demand-dependent specification:
  • a DC voltage charge of the energy store 43 from the DC voltage supplier 27 via the DC network control device 30.
  • the control / regulating unit 8 is connected to the Internet 49 via a data interface in order to call up information relevant to basic supply requirements for the control / regulating system 1.
  • the data interface includes a data connection 50, which can be implemented as a VPN (Virtual Personal Net work), the control unit 8 with a server 51 and a further data connection 52, which can be implemented as a WAN (Wide Area Network work), of the server 51 to the Internet 49.
  • the server 51 and the data connections 50, 52 belong to the network module 6 of the control system 1.
  • the server 51 can also serve as a hardware firewall to protect the control unit 8 or can be equipped with an additional hardware firewall.
  • the control module 5 also includes a local weather station 53, which is connected to the control unit 8 via a data connection 54.
  • control system 1 In the case of the control / regulating system 1, it is taken into account that the DC voltage supplier 27 is not constantly available as the main energy supplier. In its control algorithm, the control system 1 includes the consumers 18 to 21, 37 and 38, the possibility of feeding in via the public AC voltage network 10 and the available capacity of the energy store 43.
  • the energy store 43 is recharged via the charging power supply 7, the DC voltage network 11, the DC network control device 30 and the DC line 44 and prediction data is cheaper to take energy from the energy store 43, the recharging is switched off via the charging power supply 7 and a current draw takes place via the energy store 43 or directly via the DC voltage supplier 27.
  • a plurality of energy storage levels (cf. FIG. 2) are stored in a data memory 55 of the control / regulating unit 8 of the control / regulating module 5 and characterize a relative fill level of the energy store 43.
  • a recharge level of the energy store 43 is designated 55a in FIG. 2. These energy storage levels are explained using FIG. 2.
  • a highest of these levels is a maximum energy storage level 56, which corresponds to a 100% charge of the energy storage 43.
  • this maximum energy store level 56 can be lower than a chemically or physically maximum possible full charge state of the energy store 43.
  • the maximum energy store level 56 can be predefined dynamically and in this case is calculated by the control unit 8 on the basis of the operating data, energy forecasts and costs.
  • the control / regulating unit 8 can be designed such that when the energy store 43 is charged to the maximum energy store level (MEN) 56, the energy store 43 is disconnected from the DC voltage supplier 27 and / or from the charging power supply 7.
  • the disconnection from the DC voltage supply 27 takes place by controlling the DC network control device 30 via the signal connection 48.
  • the separation from the charging power supply 7 takes place by direct activation via the signal connection 9.
  • the control / regulating unit 8 can alternatively or additionally be designed such that when the energy store 43 is charged to the maximum energy store level (MEN) 56, the current is supplied by the DC voltage supplier 27 and / or by the charging power supply 7.
  • the power can be reduced by controlling the direct current network control device 30 via the signal connection 48. or by directly controlling the charging power supply 7 via the signal connection 9.
  • the power output to the DC network 11 is indirectly controlled by changing the operating voltage at the charging power supply 7.
  • the control unit 8 regulates whether the current from the AC network 10 or from the direct current supplier 27 is preferably fed into the DC network 11.
  • MEN maximum energy storage level
  • the MEN 56 can be calculated synchronously with the time of day and / or dynamically in the control unit 8 of the control module 5 on the basis of recorded operating data of the control / regulating system 1 and / or on the basis of recorded energy forecasts and / or on the basis of recorded energy costs become.
  • the recharge level 55a can be kept at the level of the predetermined energy storage level 56 until it is no longer economical due to the data collected, current via the charging power supply 7 from the AC network 10 and / or current from the DC voltage supplier 27 of the DC network 11 to be removed or until it is no longer possible to supply or generate sufficient electricity from the networks 10. 11.
  • the modular control system 1 for the AC network 10 on the one hand and the DC network 11 on the other including an AC voltage module (cf. AC voltage module 2 according to FIG. 1), a DC voltage module (cf.
  • the electricity supply can be coupled to consumption and the respective energy storage level can thus be kept constant.
  • control unit 8 initiates maximum operation of the consumers 18 to 21, 37 and 38.
  • a maximum charging of electric vehicles can be controlled via the alternating current consumer 21 and possibly via a direct current consumer corresponding to the consumers 37, 38. Even energy-intensive calculation tasks can then be carried out by a computer system that uses the direct current Consumers 37 are connected. A water tank and / or a heat exchange medium can also be heated. In such a case, a liquid pump can also be operated, the liquid in an elevated tank for later use of potential energy. Air conditioning can also be controlled by correspondingly releasing alternating current consumers or direct current consumers in accordance with consumers 18 to 21, 37, 38.
  • Cooling devices can also be maximized when the EMEN 57 level is reached. Such cooling units can then be used as cooling energy stores.
  • the EMEN 57 level is 90% of the MEN 56 level.
  • an unconditional operating energy storage level (UEN) 58 is stored in the data memory 55, which level can be, for example, 50% of the MEN 56 level.
  • the control unit 8 is designed such that when the energy store 43 is charged via the Ni veau UEN 58, all consumers 37, 38 of the DC voltage module 3 are connected to the DC voltage network 11 and all consumers 18 to 21 of the AC voltage module 2 are connected to the AC voltage network 10 takes place. This is done by actuation via the signal connections 35, 36 on the one hand and the multipole signal connection 17 which independently actuates the respective switches 26 on the other.
  • level UEN 58 the energy consumption is not maximized as described above in connection with level EMEN 57, but rather every energy requirement actively called up via consumers 18 to 21, 37, 38 and all consumers 18 to 21 , 37, 38 can be switched on or off to the networks 10, 11 at any time.
  • level UEN 58 there are several conditional operating energy storage levels (BEN) 59 to 61.
  • the control unit 8 is designed so that when the energy storage 43 is discharged, these levels BEN 59, 60, 61 priority-dependent separation of consumers 18 to 21, 37,
  • the BEN 59 level which is in the range of 40% of the EMEN 56 level, can combine the following priorities:
  • Priority conditional switch-off for a planned time interval
  • All consumers marked with this priority can be switched off for a period of time that is also stored in the data memory 55 as the value "switch-off duration”. After the switch-off time has elapsed, these consumers are switched on again for a “switch-on time” period, which is also stored in the data memory 55.
  • Each consumer can be assigned their own periods of switch-off time / switch-on time, which are then stored in data memory 55 in a consumer-specific manner. By appropriately staggering the periods of switch-off duration / switch-on duration, peak loads in the DC voltage network 11 can be avoided.
  • Priority conditional shutdown, e.g. power failure
  • All consumers that are assigned to this priority are switched off when the level BEN 59 is reached in the event of a supply failure via the AC voltage network 10 after a predetermined delay period. This delay period is also stored in the data memory 55.
  • consumers who are assigned this priority can be the charging stations for electric vehicles as well as certain lighting modules.
  • a release signal can be implemented as an active voltage signal, so that an error in the release line, for example a line break, is automatically detected as a release that is not present.
  • a consumer can be a heating system, for example, which is only switched off if this does not lead to frost damage.
  • frost damage is to be feared due to the corresponding outside temperatures
  • the release signal, controlled is activated via the control unit 8, so that once this level BEN 59 has been reached, it is not possible to switch off a consumer marked with this priority.
  • the following priority is assigned to level BEN 60, which is below level BEN 59 at about 30% of level MEN 56:
  • control unit 8 ensures emergency power operation for a set emergency power period for all consumers 18 to 21, 37, 38 marked with this priority, which also depends on the data memory 55 of the nominal capacity of the energy store 43.
  • the following priority is assigned to the BEN 61 level below the BEN 60 level, which can be in the range of 20% of the MEN 56 level:
  • control / regulating unit 8 provides emergency power operation for a longer period of time for the consumers 18 to 21, 37, 38 marked with this priority and depending on the nominal capacity of the energy storage 43 adjustable time period safely. This period of time can also be stored in the data memory 55.
  • a freezer can first be assigned the priority “conditional shutdown for a specified time interval. If a fill level in the energy store 43 falls below the level BEN 59 assigned to this priority, the freezer is switched off for the specified period "switch-off duration". When the freezer reaches its dew point, a system temperature monitor switches the freezer's priority to "conditional emergency power operation”. The freezer is then operated until the energy storage level BEN 60 is reached, until a certain, lower temperature is reached, whereupon the priority is switched back again to “conditional shutdown for a specified time interval”.
  • a minimum energy storage level MIN 62 which can be, for example, 5% of the level MEN 56, is stored below the level BEN 61 in the data memory 55 of the control unit 8.
  • the control unit 8 is designed so that when the level falls below the MIN 62 level, the energy store 27 is disconnected from the DC voltage network 11. This in turn takes place by driving the DC network control device 30 via the signal connection 48.
  • the control module 5 depending on reaching a state of charge corresponding to the respective level Corresponds to BEN 59 to 61, connects or disconnects consumers 18 to 21, 37, 38 with the respective prioritization.
  • control module 5 maintains a connection state of the consumers 18 to 21, 37, 38 with the associated network 10, 11 when the energy store 43 is discharged until the energy store corresponding to the respective priority Level is undershot. Conversely, when the energy store 43 is charged, a connection state of the respective consumer remains separated depending on the priority until the energy storage level assigned to this priority is exceeded.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a component or a logic component 63 of the control / regulating unit 8, which is in signal connection with the data memory 55.
  • This logic component 63 has various logic inputs and outputs. PO to P6 different logical priority inputs are designated according to the above connection with the levels BEN 59 to 61 priorities explained. If such a priority input PO to P6 is active, the control / regulating module 5 switches consumers on and off, in accordance with what has been explained above. Another input 64 signals that the EMEN 57 level has been reached. Further inputs 65, 66 signal a consumer-specific switch-off time or a consumer-specific switch-on time. Another input 67 signals a consumer-specific nominal power.
  • a further input 68 represents a release signal for the above-described priority “conditional shutdown on release”.
  • a further input 69 enables consumers to be switched on to avoid overloading the energy store 43.
  • the control / regulating unit 8 of the control / regulating module 5 can, in particular via the network module 6, carry out a time-synchronous evaluation of the recorded data and on this basis the reloading level 55a, the MEN 56, the EMEN 57, the UMEN 58 and / or the BMENs 59 Calculate to 61 so that these levels serve as setpoints for further use of the control unit 8.
  • the control unit 8 of the control module 5 can update and record weather data, energy tariff data and counter values synchronously with the time of day via the weather station 53 and / or the Internet 49.
  • a direct measurement, a registering performance measurement or the determination of a standard load profile can be carried out via the counters.
  • the control / regulating unit 8 can carry out measures to increase efficiency and reduce costs, for example dynamic line control and / or connection and disconnection of consumers of the system.
  • FIG. 4 shows modules of an alternative embodiment of a control system, which can be used upstream or in place of system 1, which has already been explained above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • Components and functions which correspond to those which have already been explained above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 have the same reference symbols and will not be discussed again in detail.
  • FIG. 4 shows in the left half a power supply module 70 and, separated by a dashed vertical separation, a low-voltage distribution module 71.
  • These two modules 70, 71 can be implemented individually or together in front of system 1 or can be understood as sub-modules of an AC voltage module , which is used instead of the alternating voltage module 2 of the embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • the network feed-in module 70 has a main connection 72, indicated as a switch in FIG. 4, for feeding in the public AC voltage network 10.
  • the AC voltage network 10 is distributed in the line path after the main connection 72.
  • the AC voltage network 10 is electrically connected to a counter 74 via a disconnector 73, via which a direct measurement and / or a converter measurement for determining the energy consumed, measured for example in kWh, takes place.
  • the counter 74 is in electrical connection with the DC voltage supply 27 via a further disconnector 75 and can also measure the energy made available here.
  • the DC voltage supplier 27 and also the feed-in node 13 are not part of the feed-in module 70.
  • the AC network 10 is in electrical connection with an overvoltage protection 76 via the distribution of the power supply module 70 in the line path after the main connection. Also via this distribution and a further isolating switch 77, the AC voltage network 10 is in electrical connection with a further low-voltage distribution module 78, which can be designed in the same way as the low-voltage distribution module 71, which will be described below Low-voltage distribution module 78 is connected via a tap to a further counter 79, which carries out a registering power measurement of a current flow through the line of the AC voltage network 10 to the further low-voltage distribution module 78.
  • the low-voltage distribution module 71 is in electrical connection with the grid feed-in module 70 via a further disconnector 80 in the distribution after the main connection 72 (grid connection line 81).
  • This network connection line 81 is tapped by a further counter 82 in the manner of counter 79. With the counters 79 and / or 82, a location-load profile of the respective low-voltage distribution module 78, 71 can be determined.
  • a controllable main switch 99a is arranged in the network distribution line 81, via which the subsequent line network of the low-voltage distribution module 71, controlled by the control / regulating unit 8, can be separated from the network distribution line 81.
  • the counters 74, 79 and 82 are in signal connection via a signal bus 83 to the gateway 14, which is a smart meter gateway.
  • the latter is in signal connection via a signal line 84 and a modem 85 to a wide-area network WAN 86 or a data cloud.
  • WAN 86 wide-area network
  • the counters 74, 79, 82 and the gateway 14 as well as the modem 85 are components of the power supply module 70.
  • the low-voltage distribution module 71 provides, via distribution lines 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, an electrical connection of the mains connection line 81 to a DC voltage supply 27 (via an inverter, not shown), to the charging power supply unit 7, with installation distribution modules 93, which are described below, 94 as well as with heavy current consumers 95, 96, for example an electric vehicle charging station or a high-performance machine tool.
  • the DC voltage supply 27, which is connected to the low-voltage distribution module 71 is directly connected via the distribution division 87, it can be the same supply as that described above in connection with the power supply module 70.
  • the low-voltage distribution module 71 can be connected to its own DC voltage supply 27.
  • a measurement of an electrical power flow through the distribution lines 87 to 92 takes place via corresponding taps, which will be described below, by a further counter 97, which is in signal connection with the control unit 8 via a control signal line 98.
  • Switchable isolating switches 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104 are connected to the control / signal line 98, which in turn are arranged in the distribution lines 87 to 92 and, controlled by the control / regulating unit 8, are connected or disconnected as required can be.
  • a power flow measurement through the distribution lines 87 to 92 is provided via further taps of a measurement line 105 on the distribution lines 87 to 92, the measurement line 105 in turn being connected to the control unit 8.
  • the counter 97 and the distribution lines 87 to 92 and the taps are part of the low-voltage distribution module 71.
  • the load distribution belongs to the individual installation and sub-distributors at the high-current level.
  • the installation distribution module 93 with one of the low-voltage distribution modules 71, 78 described above is located via a distribution network with distribution lines 106, 107, 108, 109, 110 and 111 in electrical connection.
  • the distribution line 106 creates an electrical connection to a lighting network with lighting units 113, 114 via a main isolating switch 112.
  • the latter are connected to the distribution line 106 via individual isolating switches 115, 116 and sensor-controlled switches 117, 118.
  • the sensor-controlled switches 117, 118 are in signal connection with the control / regulating unit 8 via a signal bus 119.
  • the distribution line 107 is electrically connected via a main isolating switch 120 and individual isolating switches 121, 122 and 123 to sockets 124, 125, 126 via which devices, for example a hot water storage tank 127, can be connected. This is in turn connected via a temperature sensor signal bus 119.
  • a signal control of a sensor-controlled switch 128, via which the hot water tank 127 is connected to the plug 124, wireless control of the sensor-controlled switch 128 via a radio box 129 is shown in FIG. 5, which in turn via a corresponding wireless connection is in signal connection with the control unit 8.
  • the distribution network of the installation distribution module 93 is in electrical connection with a machine 132, the sensors of which in turn are in signal connection with the signal bus 119.
  • the distribution line 109 connects the distribution network via a main isolating switch 133 and an isolating switch 134 to a charging station 135, the sensor of which in turn is connected to the signal bus 119.
  • the distribution network is electrically connected via a main disconnector 136, a disconnector 137 to a compressor 138, the sensor system of which is in turn connected to the signal line 119.
  • the distribution network of the installation distribution module 93 is electrically connected via the distribution line 111 via a main isolating switch 139, an isolating switch 140 to a cooling device 141, for example to a refrigerator, the sensor system of which is in turn connected to the signal bus 119.
  • the installation distribution module 93 is part of the AC voltage module 2.
  • the consumers 113, 114, 124 to 127, 132, 135, 138, 141 represent, for example, consumers comparable to the AC consumers 18 to 21 of the embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • the distribution to the individual consumer circuits belongs to the installation distribution module 93.
  • a consumer input is additionally provided, which can be set to a fixed power value, for example to 1 kW, which is assigned to the respective consumer is.
  • a load profile can be controlled by the control unit 8 via the various signal inputs and the taps described, on the one hand in relation to the infeed and on the other hand in relation to the create connected consumption loads.
  • the values that can be transmitted to the control unit 8 via the consumer inputs of the logic modules make it possible to decide which consumers can be switched on and off depending on a measured feed energy and priorities.
  • the network operator can be informed via the data link 14, 85, 86 via the control / regulating unit 8 which consumer power has been changed so that the network operator can readjust the load to be made available accordingly.
  • the consumer power read from the consumer input of the logic module 64 which is assigned to the respective consumer, can be used on the basis of the power value.
  • the gateway 14 communicates with the control unit 8 via a VPN data line 142 and / or via a home area network 143 (cf. Lig. 4).
  • the entire control system can be expanded by connecting additional low-voltage distribution modules and installation distribution modules. These modules can be installed at different locations and networked with each other.
  • Loads on the one hand and generators on the other hand can be made more flexible via the control / regulating system 1 with the integration of energy stores, and switching and regulating processes which stabilize the public network can be carried out.
  • the network operator can send the request to accept an additional load of 25 kW from the public network 10 to the control / regulating system 1 via the cloud connection 85, 86 or via a further VPN interface.
  • the control unit 8 can then ensure that corresponding consumers are connected on the one hand in the low-voltage distribution module 71 or 78 and / or in the installation distribution module 93, 94, the network operator being informed of the power value which is made available at the consumer input of the logic module - can ensure that additional consumers of a defined power level are now securely connected.
  • This makes it possible, for example, to charge additional energy stores in the control system 1 according to FIGS. 1, 4 or 5, which may also include, for example, water heating in the hot water store 127 or compressed air generation with the compressor 138.
  • Such additional energy stores can be kept, for example, in the DC voltage module 3, in the AC voltage module 2, in the energy storage module 4, in the power supply module 70, in the low-voltage distribution module 71 and / or in the installation distribution module 93.
  • the network operator immediately receives feedback about load changes and the switching operations that have been carried out to connect defined loads and can then process this information in further network management.
  • a dynamic power control of the consumers and / or a connection and disconnection of consumers in the various modules of the system can take place in particular via the control unit 8.
  • excess energy can be stored in mobile energy stores via the charging station 135. Even through a Sector coupling of the control / regulating system 1 that spans multiple modules or modules can be converted into another form of energy, for example, via the hot water storage tank 127, the compressor 138 and / or the cooling device 141 and stored for later consumption.
  • the network operator requests an energy requirement of a specific power via the respective interface in the control system 1, e.g. 50 kW for a certain period of time.
  • the control system 1 then takes consumers from the AC voltage module 2, the DC voltage module 3 or from the low-voltage distribution modules / installation distribution modules 71, 78, 93, 94 from the network and supplies them via the main connection 72 in accordance with the prioritization explained above the network 10 via the energy store and / or the DC voltage supplier 27 with the requested power.
  • the priorities described above in particular in connection with FIG. 3 can be assigned dynamically via the respective logic module 63. This assignment / denial of priorities can take place dynamically via the control unit 8.
  • a cold store can be supplied as a consumer within the control system 1, to which one of the priorities described above is assigned as a function of a measured cold store temperature, for example the priority “conditional shutdown for a planned time interval at a low measured temperature "And at a higher temperature dynamic allocation of a higher priority up to the priority” conditional emergency power operation ".
  • the control unit 8 can use algorithms using fuzzy logic.
  • the energy store 43 is never disconnected from the DC voltage network 11. Due to the energy generation in the DC voltage network 11 and the energy store that is always switched on in this case, the control system 1 can be restarted even after a longer discharge period. A power supply is then also possible in the event of a prolonged failure of the public energy supply as soon as the energy store 43 is recharged via the direct voltage supply 27.

Abstract

Un système modulaire de commande/régulation (1) d'un réseau électrique comprend un module de tension alternative (2), un module de tension continue (3), un module de stockage d'énergie (4) et un module de commande/régulation (5). Le module de tension alternative (2) comporte une alimentation de charge (7) et un onduleur (16). Le module de tension continue (3) comporte un réseau de tension continue (11), un alimentateur en tension continue (27), au moins une alimentation en tension continue (33, 34) et un dispositif de régulation de réseau continu (30). Le module de stockage d'énergie (4) comprend au moins un élément de batterie (44). Le module de commande (5) est en liaison de signal avec l'alimentation de charge (7) et l'onduleur (16) du module de tension alternative (2) ainsi qu'avec l'au moins une unité d'alimentation continue (33, 34) et le dispositif de régulation de réseau continu (30) du module de tension continue (3). Cela sert à spécifier, en fonction de l'alimentation et de la demande, une recharge de tension alternative, une conversion de courant continu/courant alternatif, une conversion de tension continue de réseau/d'alimentation et une charge de tension continue. Il en résulte un système de commande/régulation qui peut être adapté de manière flexible aux conditions de réseau variables.
PCT/EP2019/074666 2018-09-17 2019-09-16 Système de commande/régulation d'un réseau électrique et module de commande/régulation d'un système de commande/régulation d'un réseau électrique WO2020058172A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202018105317.5U DE202018105317U1 (de) 2018-09-17 2018-09-17 Steuer/Regel-System für ein Stromnetz
DE102018215777.4 2018-09-17
DE102018215777.4A DE102018215777B4 (de) 2018-09-17 2018-09-17 Steuer/Regelmodul für ein Steuer/Regel-System für ein Stromnetz
DE202018105317.5 2018-09-17

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