WO2013045072A2 - Installation photovoltaïque comportant une sécurité contre l'injection dans un réseau électrique public - Google Patents

Installation photovoltaïque comportant une sécurité contre l'injection dans un réseau électrique public Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013045072A2
WO2013045072A2 PCT/EP2012/004002 EP2012004002W WO2013045072A2 WO 2013045072 A2 WO2013045072 A2 WO 2013045072A2 EP 2012004002 W EP2012004002 W EP 2012004002W WO 2013045072 A2 WO2013045072 A2 WO 2013045072A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inverter
power
photovoltaic generator
point
voltage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/004002
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2013045072A3 (fr
Inventor
Bernhard Beck
Original Assignee
Adensis Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Adensis Gmbh filed Critical Adensis Gmbh
Priority to JP2014532270A priority Critical patent/JP2014534794A/ja
Priority to EP12778948.5A priority patent/EP2761716A2/fr
Publication of WO2013045072A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013045072A2/fr
Publication of WO2013045072A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013045072A3/fr
Priority to IL231553A priority patent/IL231553A0/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/007—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a photovoltaic system comprising a photovoltaic generator, which is connectable to the DC voltage input of an inverter whose AC output is connectable to a supply network and at least one consumption point.
  • photovoltaic systems are well known, especially as PV rooftops on homes, barns, industrial halls, etc.
  • any feed of electrical power into the grid tends to increase voltage, and any removal of energy, ie any consumption, tends to reduce voltage.
  • the fed power is very irregular.
  • photovoltaic systems sometimes produce more or less or no power and, if necessary, deliver it to the grid.
  • the invention has for its object to facilitate the adjustment of the stability of the supply network. This object is achieved by a blocking device that prevents a power flow from the photovoltaic generator to the supply network. This measure has the consequence that the imponderables of the many voltage-increasing feeds are eliminated. There remains only one parameter, namely the power consumption,
  • CONFIRMATION COPY to be taken into account in the forthcoming stability measures.
  • An optionally required voltage reduction can be achieved via a reactive power reference by means known per se.
  • the reactive power reference and the determination of its height can be made in a simple manner, without having to take into account the disturbing influence of other power feeds consideration.
  • the blocking device can be switched on, so that it is only active on request from the network operator. But it can also be permanently effective if the photovoltaic generator is to be used only for self-supply.
  • a practical embodiment of the blocking device provides that it has a controllable switching element which interrupts an electrical connection between the inverter output and the supply network in the presence of a higher inverter output voltage than the prevailing mains voltage. Since the power flow always takes place from a higher potential to a lower potential, a power supply to the supply network is avoided. Conveniently, the switching element is located immediately behind a power counter.
  • the blocking device In order to achieve a maximum possible yield for self-consumption of photovoltaically generated power, it is advantageous if the blocking device generates a control signal at a threatening feed of photovoltaically generated power in the supply network, which is the maximum power point (MPP) by a targeted mismatch on the
  • MPP maximum power point
  • the DC side of the inverter shifts to a point of reduced power whose associated voltage level on the AC side of the inverter is below the prevailing mains voltage or equal to the prevailing mains voltage.
  • the impending power feed is detected for example by means of a comparison of the prevailing mains voltage with the current MPP voltage on the AC side of the inverter.
  • the blocking unit can be activated even when falling below a minimum current from the supply network to the point of consumption (V).
  • the current to be compared with the minimum current is advantageously measured at the power counter. If the measured current falls below the minimum value of e.g. 0.5 amps, it is assumed that an imminent backfeed into the grid and the blocking unit is activated.
  • the activation of the blocking unit can be a disconnection of the photovoltaic generator from the public grid at any point in the network behind (from the public network view) of the power meter, as long as it is ensured that no photovoltaic electricity flows into the public grid.
  • Such a separation point can be located both on the DC side, ie between the inverter and the photovoltaic generator, as well as on the AC side behind the inverter. It is advantageous, however, if the separation point is chosen so that the photovoltaic generator remains connected to the rest of the supply network for the consumption points.
  • a reduction of the inverter output current may occur via an intervention in the operation of the electronic components (IGBTs) of the inverter: the current generated by the inverter should be as high as possible on the premise that it is smaller than the current taken from the point of consumption or consumption. This always leaves a small supply current from the public supply network. If no reserve is to be used, ie if no power is to flow from the supply network to the point of consumption, the current at the AC output side of the inverter must be set equal to the current consumed by the point of consumption or consumption.
  • IGBTs electronic components
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment when using an inverter with a three-phase AC output provides that the operating points of the three phases of the inverter can be controlled separately, so that depending on the load of the three phases by the at least one consumption point, the power generated by the photovoltaic generator is divided phase-selectively before the power flow to the supply network is prevented.
  • the at least one consumption point is, for example, a detached house with a rotary power connection, then it is the normal case that the phases L1, L2 and L3 of the three-phase supply network are not utilized equally.
  • the inverter has a DC voltage rail from which the electronic parts of the inverter, in particular its IGBT's, have phase-selective access to feed as needed a current in the DC busbar or to obtain from her.
  • all three phases L1, L2, L3 can draw a current, or a phase L1 can feed one current, while two other phases L2, L3 receive a current.
  • a further, advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized by a measuring point, which measures the power consumption from the supply network. From the measured value, a signal is generated which corresponds to the value of the measured payment of benefits.
  • This signal is provided to the inverter for setting an operating point at which the associated generated power on the AC side of the inverter is set to be smaller or, in particular, equal to the power consumed by the at least one point of use or, in the case of several points of consumption compared to the sum of all the consumed at the points of consumption.
  • the operating point should be set so that always slightly less power is generated photovoltaic than consumed by the point of consumption.
  • the photovoltaic system can contribute to any increase in voltage in the supply network.
  • the signal which is preferably generated by the measuring point, is modulated onto an electrical connecting line between the measuring point and the inverter and used by a receiving unit for the modulated signal, which is accommodated in the inverter or at least assigned to it, for controlling the same.
  • Figure 2 shows three single-phase connected to a common DC rail inverter.
  • 1 denotes a photovoltaic generator, which is arranged on the roof of a building.
  • the photovoltaic generator 1 is connected to the DC side of an inverter 3 whose AC output is connected via a blocking device 5 to a counter 7 for electric power P.
  • the blocking device 5 is provided immediately behind (from the point of view of an energy supplier) the counting device 7 whose input side is connected to a supply network.
  • Behind the AC output of the inverter 3 is still a switching device 8, with the aid of the inverter 3 and thus the photovoltaic generator 1 can be separated from the rest of the power supply system to prevent a return current in the photovoltaic generator from the supply network.
  • the same effect can be achieved with a correspondingly polarized diode whose reverse direction to the inverter 3.
  • the output side of the inverter 3 is connected via a switching device 9 to the AC side of a further inverter 11, on whose DC side a battery 13 is connected. Further, at least one consumption point V is connected to the output side of the inverter 3, wherein usually a plurality of consumption points (not shown), such as connected household appliances, air conditioners, TV, etc. are connected.
  • the blocking device includes a control and regulating unit 15 and a switching unit 17, by means of which a flow of current through the counting device 7 into the supply network can be prevented.
  • a control and regulating unit 15 for this purpose, the closed and open position of the switching unit 17 via a signal line S1 of the control unit 15 can be predetermined.
  • a signal line S2 is also connected to the inverter 3 to adjust its operating point, and a signal line S3, which leads to the switching device 9 to connect or disconnect the other inverter 11 with the AC side of the inverter 3 .
  • a fourth signal line S4 leads from the counter 7 to the control unit 15 to inform them about the current power reference.
  • a signal line S5 is still provided for
  • Switching device 8 leads, so that the solar generator 1 can be decoupled from the mains supply when needed.
  • a first voltage measuring device 19 measures the mains voltage U net present at the counter 7 and a second voltage measuring device 21 measures the voltage U WR on the inverter output side which prevails behind the blocking device when the photovoltaic generator 1 is switched on, which is also the consumer side when the switching device 8 is closed.
  • the system operates as follows, starting from a situation in the morning in which the photovoltaic generator 1 can not provide any power yet and the point of consumption V is supplied solely from the supply network via the counter with the switching unit 17 closed.
  • the switching device 8 was opened overnight, so that no return current from the supply network could flow into the photovoltaic generator 1.
  • the photovoltaic generator 1 is switched on during the morning by the switching device 8 is transferred to the closed state.
  • the power point at the MPP controller Maximum Power Point
  • U Ne tz Maximum Power Point
  • the remaining demand is further obtained from the supply network via the counter 7.
  • This remaining demand is decreasing more and more, since the incident light of the sun's rays on the photovoltaic generator 1 becomes steeper and more intensive.
  • This operating state is maintained until the photovoltaically generated power reaches the value of the power obtained at the point of consumption V, which can be detected with the aid of the two voltage measuring devices 19, 21 or communicated from the power counter 7 via the signal line S4 of the control and regulation unit 15 ,
  • the invention comes in, in a first variant, in which the control and regulation unit 15 closes the switching unit 17 via the signal line S1 and thus disconnects the photovoltaic generator 1 and the point of consumption V from the supply network.
  • the further switching device 9 is closed by the control and regulation unit 15 via the signal line S3, and the photovoltaically generated energy exceeding the current demand is used to charge the battery 13. If the battery 13 is fully charged, the inverter 3 is controlled by the control and regulation unit 15 via the signal line S2 in such a way that there is a mismatch with the MPP. The amount of mismatch is such that the photovoltaic power produced corresponds to the power consumed by point of sale V.
  • the optionally provided switching unit 17 can be omitted and the mismatch at the inverter 3 is made continuously in order to prevent a flow of photovoltaically generated power in the supply network.
  • a balance between photovoltaically generated energy and consumed energy is permanently sought, as long as the solar energy generated allows this.
  • the control unit 15 the voltage measured at the first measuring point 19 is compared with the voltage detected at the second voltage measuring device 21.
  • the operating point on the MPP controller of the inverter 3 is always misadjusted so that the voltage at the second voltage measuring point 21 is always slightly lower, for example 1 volt to 5 volts less than the voltage measured by the first voltmeter 19.
  • the photovoltaic generator 1 can always be operated on its MPP and the remaining energy to increase the currently required energy is obtained from the public grid.
  • control and regulating unit 15 can also be supplied via a signal line S4 from the power counter 7 with the information as to whether there is a risk of backflow of power into the supply network.
  • the control unit 15 determines the right time to make the separation of the photovoltaic generator from the supply network. The right time is when the photovoltaic energy is sufficient to supply the consumer or V stable, but not so high that a feed can occur in the supply network.
  • FIG. 2 shows three single-phase inverters 3 connected to a common DC bus 23, the output side of which feeds one of the phases L1, L2 and L3 respectively with solar energy.
  • the three inverters 3 and the DC bus 23 are basic components of a corresponding three-phase inverter 3, which are located in a common housing (not shown).
  • At the three phases L1, L2 and L3 are correspondingly connected three consumption points V1, V2 and V3, which should have one or more consumers with different sizes or in the sum of different sizes nominal powers. It should therefore be discussed a condition in which the three phases L1, L2 and L3 are charged differently.
  • the arrangement according to the figure 2 still has a three-phase switching device 8 in order to separate the photovoltaic generator 1 from the supply network and the consumer side, so that a feedback feed of energy from the supply network is prevented in the photovoltaic generator 1.
  • a power counter 7 is in turn immediately behind the supply lines of the network operator. Between the counter 7 and the consumption points V1, V2 and V3 a switching unit 17 with three switching elements 17a, 17b and 17c is arranged, which can selectively separate the three phases L1, L2 and L3 from the counter 7. From a control and control unit 15 leads a signal lines S1 to the switching unit 17, a signal line S2 to the inverters 3, a signal line S4 to the counter and a signal line S5 to the three-phase switching device 8. All signal lines S1 to S5 are shown in dashed lines.
  • each inverter 3 analogously as described for the figure 1, operated.
  • Each phase L1, L2 and L3 is thus supplied with photovoltaically generated energy according to their current consumption situation.
  • a feed of photovoltaically generated energy into the supply network is correspondingly also prevented phase-selectively, in which only that switching element 17a, 17b, 17c of the switching device 17 is driven, threatens in its associated phase L1, L2 and L3, a feed into the supply network.
  • the power exchange shown in FIG. 3 can also be carried out among the phases L1, L2 and L3 in order to optimally divide the photovoltaically generated energy into the differently loaded phases L1 To achieve L2 and L3.
  • This procedure is particularly useful in single-phase inverters 3, whose output side is connected to only one phase, in the case of Figure 3 with the phase L1.
  • inverters 25a, 25b are provided, of which the inverter 25a is provided between the phases L1 and L2, and the inverter 25b between the phases L1 and L3.
  • the converter 25a transforms the AC voltage of the phase L1 first into a DC voltage and then from the DC voltage back into an AC voltage with the phase position and the voltage level of the phase L2.
  • voltage of the phase L1 and the phase compensation current between the phases L1 and L3 are first formed into a DC voltage and a DC current, respectively, before they are adapted by the converter 25b to the ratios of the phase L3.
  • the photovoltaic generator can have any shape and size, ie can also be formed by a single photovoltaic module, which is assigned a correspondingly small inverter.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une installation photovoltaïque comportant un générateur photovoltaïque (1) connecté à l'entrée de tension continue d'un onduleur (3) dont la sortie de tension alternative est connectée à un réseau électrique et à au moins une zone de consommation (V). Un dispositif de blocage (5) empêche un flux de puissance du générateur photovoltaïque vers le réseau électrique. Cette mesure empêche un flux de puissance côté générateur photovoltaïque vers le réseau électrique et permet une stabilisation plus simple de la tension réseau contre des surtensions.
PCT/EP2012/004002 2011-09-28 2012-09-25 Installation photovoltaïque comportant une sécurité contre l'injection dans un réseau électrique public WO2013045072A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2014532270A JP2014534794A (ja) 2011-09-28 2012-09-25 公共の電力送電網への供給に対する安全装置を備えた光発電装置
EP12778948.5A EP2761716A2 (fr) 2011-09-28 2012-09-25 Installation photovoltaïque comportant une sécurité contre l'injection dans un réseau électrique public
IL231553A IL231553A0 (en) 2011-09-28 2014-03-17 A pv system has protective measures against the feeding of a communication network with public power distribution

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011115189.7 2011-09-28
DE102011115189A DE102011115189A1 (de) 2011-09-28 2011-09-28 PV-Anlage mit Sicherung gegen Einspeisung in ein öffentliches Stromversorgungsnetz

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013045072A2 true WO2013045072A2 (fr) 2013-04-04
WO2013045072A3 WO2013045072A3 (fr) 2013-08-29

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PCT/EP2012/004002 WO2013045072A2 (fr) 2011-09-28 2012-09-25 Installation photovoltaïque comportant une sécurité contre l'injection dans un réseau électrique public

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Country Link
EP (1) EP2761716A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2014534794A (fr)
DE (1) DE102011115189A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL231553A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013045072A2 (fr)

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CN113273048A (zh) * 2018-12-29 2021-08-17 艾思玛太阳能技术股份公司 用于借助能量产生设备为交流电压网络提供调节功率的方法

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DE102018111271B4 (de) * 2018-05-11 2024-01-11 Sma Solar Technology Ag Wechselrichter und Verfahren zur Leistungsverteilung
DE102021004783A1 (de) * 2021-09-22 2023-03-23 Wattando GmbH Verfahren zur Regelung einer Einspeiseleistung

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CN113273048B (zh) * 2018-12-29 2024-06-07 艾思玛太阳能技术股份公司 用于借助能量产生设备为交流电压网络提供调节功率的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2014534794A (ja) 2014-12-18
EP2761716A2 (fr) 2014-08-06
IL231553A0 (en) 2014-04-30
WO2013045072A3 (fr) 2013-08-29
DE102011115189A1 (de) 2013-03-28

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