WO2017206552A1 - 核电蒸汽发生器壳体整体锻件及其锻造成型方法 - Google Patents

核电蒸汽发生器壳体整体锻件及其锻造成型方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017206552A1
WO2017206552A1 PCT/CN2017/074201 CN2017074201W WO2017206552A1 WO 2017206552 A1 WO2017206552 A1 WO 2017206552A1 CN 2017074201 W CN2017074201 W CN 2017074201W WO 2017206552 A1 WO2017206552 A1 WO 2017206552A1
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Prior art keywords
forging
slab
integral
hours
manhole
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PCT/CN2017/074201
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王兴中
马武江
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上海新闵（东台）重型锻造有限公司
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Publication of WO2017206552A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017206552A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/002—Component parts or details of steam boilers specially adapted for nuclear steam generators, e.g. maintenance, repairing or inspecting equipment not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08—Upsetting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a large-sized structural member for a nuclear power plant, and more particularly to a casing forging such as a monolithic head for a pressure vessel such as a nuclear power steam generator and a forging type thereof.
  • Nuclear power is a clean, safe source of energy, and the environmental impact of nuclear power is small.
  • the nuclear power plant with pressurized water reactor as the heat source is mainly composed of nuclear island and conventional island.
  • the four major components of the nuclear island of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant are steam generator, voltage regulator, main pump and core. Therefore, the nuclear steam generator is the most nuclear power plant.
  • the key main equipment, the steam generator is connected to the reactor pressure vessel, not only directly affects the power and efficiency of the power station, but also acts as a barrier to radioactive heat carrier during heat exchange, which is essential for the safety of nuclear power plants. And the high-tech content of manufacturing is the highest in contemporary manufacturing.
  • the shell of the nuclear power steam generator head is the component that bears the largest pressure difference in the steam generator, and functions to seal and isolate the first and second circuit coolants, and is also the collection chamber before or after the coolant on the primary circuit side flows through the tube bundle. It contains a coolant inlet forging pipe hole, a coolant outlet forging pipe hole and two forging manholes.
  • the steam generator head is provided with two forging pipe sockets and two forging manhole seats on the hemispherical crown-shaped integral forging body; the slab unfolding diameter can reach 7-8 meters, and the weight of individual finished parts is in the number More than ten tons, belonging to the super-large plate-shaped members, the forging is very difficult, and it is necessary to make a one-time integral forging on such a large-sized spherical crown to form a forging pipe socket and a forging manhole seat that meet the size requirements and position requirements. It is difficult to achieve. Therefore, the existing steam generator head is manufactured by splicing the head body with the forging manhole seat and the forging pipe hole seat, although the performance of the welding material is greatly improved with the development of materials science.
  • New welding processes are also emerging, but overall
  • the structure of the forging body and the forging manhole seat and the forging pipe hole seat can not form a complete metal flow line by welding, because the nuclear power steam generator is in the harsh operating environment of high temperature and high pressure for a long time, and bears the alternating load.
  • the sudden change of pressure formed by the eddy current of the pipeline can easily cause uneven stress distribution and stress concentration, and is prone to fatigue, creep and damage.
  • the method of manufacturing the spherical crown and the nozzle separately is complicated, the welding process is very complicated, the welding cycle is long, the quality stability of the complex stress zone is poor, the direct yield is low, and the manufacturing cost is greatly increased.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an integral forging of a nuclear power steam generator shell, which can not only realize the integrated forging type of the whole forging of the nuclear power steam generator shell, but also the forging structure is uniform and compact, the metal streamline is complete, and the forgings are The fiber structure and shape are more consistent.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a molding method for forging an integral forging of the nuclear steam generator housing.
  • the nuclear power steam generator housing integral forging of the present invention comprises an integral forging main body, and a forging manhole seat and a forging pipe hole seat disposed on the integral forging main body, wherein the integral forging main body has a spherical crown structure,
  • the forging manhole seat and the forging pipe hole seat are respectively provided with a forging manhole and a forging pipe hole, wherein the forging manhole seat and the forging pipe hole seat and the integral forging body are forged as a whole, the forging manhole hole
  • the centerline and the centerline of the hole of the forging pipe hole intersect at the center of the ball where the integral forging body is located.
  • the forging method of the integral forging of the nuclear steam generator shell of the invention comprises the following steps:
  • steel ingot heating the steel ingot is heated in the heating furnace to 580 ° C -620 ° C, heat preservation for 3 hours, and then heated to 830 ° C -870 ° C at a heating rate of 55 ° C / h -60 ° C / h, heat preservation for 4 hours Again Heating at a heating rate of 78 ° C / h - 82 ° C / h to 230 ° C - 270 ° C, holding for 4 hours; then heating at a heating rate of 78 ° C / h - 82 ° C / h to 310 ° C - 340 ° C, holding for 1 hour;
  • forging blanks the forgings of the head and tail are thickened, the upsetting ratio is 3.0-3.5; after the upsetting, the forging blank is drawn into a cylindrical shape, and the length ratio is 3.0-3.5;
  • the blank drawing temperature is controlled in the range of 800 ° C - 340 ° C;
  • slab heat treatment the forging slab is air cooled to 640 ° C -660 ° C, heat preservation for 4-6 hours; then air cooled to 300 ° C -400 ° C, after 4-6 hours of insulation; to 45 ° C / h - 50 ° C
  • the heating rate of /h is heated to 640 ° C -660 ° C, the temperature is kept for 50-60 hours, and the furnace is cooled to 180 ° C and is discharged to room temperature;
  • Forging forming After heating the above-mentioned machined forging slab to 340 ° C, it is transferred to an annular die with a central hole for stamping, and the four round tables on the reverse side of the forging slab are located in the annular die. At the center hole position, the ball head die is punched down on the large cone angle table of the front surface of the forging slab to form a hemispherical forging blank;
  • Forging punching the above-mentioned hemisphere forging blank is supported by the end face of the round table corresponding to the punching hole Putting on the punching cutting board, the punching bar presses the corresponding hole from the top downwards to form a forging stamping piece having two forging manholes and two forging pipe holes;
  • Heat treatment of forgings control the temperature of the above forgings to 905 °C - 925 °C, keep warm for 6-8 hours, then air cool to 300 °C - 400 °C, after 4-6 hours of heat preservation, then 45 °C / h - 50 °C
  • the heating speed of /h is heated to 640 ° C -660 ° C, and the temperature is kept for 3-5 hours, and the furnace is cooled to 180 ° C to be air-cooled;
  • Forging machining machining the above heat-treated forging into a rough forged product
  • performance heat treatment the whole forging rough product is first quenched and then quenched and tempered, the quenching process is: the forging rough product is heated to 600 ° C, then 2-3 hours, then 90 ° C / H—100°C/h to 935°C-955°C, water-cooled after 2-3 hours of heat preservation; heat the forged rough product after quenching to 400°C, heat for 2-3 hours, then 45°C/h - heating temperature of 50 ° C / h to 635 ° C - 655 ° C, after 6-7 hours of insulation, air cooling to room temperature, to complete the quenching and tempering heat treatment;
  • the rough reduction ratio of the forging blank is 24%-30%; the length reduction ratio of the forging blank is 24%-30%.
  • the cone angle of the large taper round table on the front surface of the forging slab is 170°-175°.
  • the annular die for forging forming includes a ring die body, the outer ring surface of the ring die body is a cylindrical surface, and the inner ring section of the ring die body is a curved face.
  • the two forging forging manholes and the two forging pipe holes on the forgings are blind holes.
  • the forged rough product has a machining allowance.
  • the invention adopts the integral structure of the forging and applies specific Processes such as forging, heat treatment and integral molding make the present invention particularly advantageous as follows:
  • the invention realizes the integral forging type of the large-sized plate-shaped solid member of the pressure vessel integral forging for nuclear power, so that the forging manhole seat with the forging manhole and the forging pipe hole seat with the forging pipe hole and the integral forging body A complete continuous metal flow line is formed, and the metal fiber structure of the forging and the forging shape can be maximally consistent, the mechanical properties of the forged product are greatly improved, and the high temperature and high pressure of the steam generator and the alternating load are more tolerated.
  • the severe working conditions formed by the steam vortex are conducive to the uniformization of the working stress of the forgings, and the working reliability of the forgings is greatly enhanced, which is more conducive to improving the operational safety of the nuclear power plant and its steam generator.
  • the invention adopts the integrated processing method of integral forging and integral stamping, so that the longitudinal mechanical properties and the transverse mechanical properties of the forgings are significantly improved.
  • the steam generator belongs to a large plate-like solid member, in the process of solidification of the ingot, there are inevitably defects such as composition segregation, shrinkage, looseness, inclusions and even cracks.
  • the present invention studies the rheological properties of steel for nuclear power equipment. Find out the law of deformation and recrystallization of such thick forgings at different temperatures, reasonably determine the process parameters such as forging, stamping and forging ratio of the invention, and cooperate with the heat treatment process parameters to ensure the material structure after forging And the uniformity of the ingredients.
  • the invention adopts a step-by-step forming method in the process of integrally forging a forged finished product, first forging and rough forming a forging slab, and then stamping and forming a spherical crown-shaped integral forging main body structure, forging of the forging slab is indispensable in the whole molding process
  • the step of solving the forging anisotropy caused by the excessive deformation of the large forgings and the sharp decrease of the plasticity index of the mechanical properties of the forgings, conforming to the rheological properties of the forging material and realizing the large deformation The overall forging of the volume and complex surfaces, and the completeness of the metal flow line, creates conditions for the final overall near-end molding.
  • the column forging into a plate-shaped forging slab it further presses the internal tissue defects of the metal, thereby improving Mechanical properties of forgings.
  • the front surface of the forging slab is a large cone-shaped round table formed in the boring, so that in the process of the crown molding, the middle metal of the forging slab will flow from the central portion to the peripheral portion during the punching, thereby ensuring the metal flow line.
  • Reasonable and semi-spherical blank thickness is basically the same, which is conducive to the near-end molding process.
  • the invention adopts the specification of heating and heat preservation of steel ingots and the heat treatment specifications of different processing stages, ensures uniform heat penetration of large-volume and large-section forgings, and makes the heating temperature between the core and the surface of the forging uniform, avoiding the temperature difference caused by the section.
  • the temperature stress causes the forging steel ingot to crack.
  • the initial forging and final forging temperature and heating speed of the invention enable the forging to be formed in a better plastic state, thereby effectively preventing overheating and ensuring sufficient recrystallization of the forging.
  • the invention determines different heat treatment specifications, effectively eliminates the forging stress, improves the structure, prepares for the next process, and effectively refines the grains, eliminates segregation, and makes the steel The organization and performance are more uniform.
  • the final performance heat treatment not only makes the finished forgings have high external strength, good wear resistance, but also maintains good toughness and impact resistance inside, which makes the microstructure of the finished forgings more detailed and uniform, effectively eliminating the internal stress generated during the processing. Stabilize the processing precision of finished forgings, stabilize and improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of finished forgings.
  • the invention adopts the process of integrally forging type, direct stamping forging manhole and forging pipe hole, greatly reducing the cutting processing amount of the material and improving the material utilization rate. Therefore, the integral structure and the forging process method of the forging piece of the invention have the processing technology reduced. Process, shorten the entire production process, and improve the efficiency of production and material utilization.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing the overall forging of the nuclear steam generator housing of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of a method for forging a whole forging of a nuclear power steam generator housing according to the present invention
  • the nuclear forging device housing integral forging comprises an integral forging body 2, the integral forging body 2 having a spherical crown structure, and two forging tubes are disposed on the integral forging body 2
  • the hole holder 3 is provided with a forging pipe hole 4 at a central position of each forging pipe hole seat 3, and the two forging pipe hole seats 3 are respectively for connecting a coolant inlet pipe and a coolant output pipe; on the integral forging body 2
  • the output chambers are connected to observe and inspect the input and output chambers of the coolant.
  • Two forging manhole seats 5 with forging manholes 6 and two forging pipe hole seats 3 with forging pipe holes 4 are integrally forged integrally with the integral forging body 2.
  • the forging manhole seat 5 is a round pedestal which is located on the outer surface of the spherical crown of the integral forging body 2 and protrudes outward.
  • a forging manhole 6 is provided at the center of the pedestal seat, and the forging pipe hole seat 3 is also located at the integral forging body
  • the center of the integral forging body 2 in the spherical crown structure is located outside the upper bottom surface of the spherical body of the integral forging body, and the center line of the hole of the forging manhole 6 and the center line of the hole of the forging pipe hole 4 intersect with the spherical crown of the integral forging body 2 Heart of the ball.
  • the radius of the spherical crown of the whole forging body 2 is the radius from the center of the sphere to the outer surface of the spherical crown.
  • the height h of the spherical crown is the height from the upper surface of the spherical crown to the lower end of the spherical crown.
  • the radius R of the spherical crown of the integral forging body 2 is higher than the spherical crown.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the process steps of the forging type method of the present invention (the solid line in the figure is the forging contour line, the broken line is the forging forging contour line), and the initial forging temperature of the steel ingot is 800 ° C in the process, the end of the steel ingot
  • the forging temperature is 340 ° C, that is, when the temperature of the forging blank is lower than 800 ° C during the forging process, the forging piece should be reheated to keep the forging temperature of the forging piece in the range of 800 ° C - 340 ° C.
  • an octagonal columnar steel ingot is first selected, the steel ingot material is 508-3 steel, and the weight of the steel ingot is 38 tons.
  • the steel ingot is heated in stages.
  • the steel ingot is first placed in a heating furnace for heating to improve the plasticity of the metal, so that it is easy to flow and form a good forged structure.
  • the appropriate heating temperature range can be selected to make the metal blank. Forming in a state of good plasticity; since the ingot is a large block, in order to reduce the temperature stress caused by the temperature difference of the section, the ingot should be uniformly heated and heated.
  • the invention adopts the sectional heating heating specification, firstly, the steel ingot is sent to the heating furnace and heated to 580 ° C, and the temperature is kept at this temperature for 3 hours, and the second heating section is heated to 830 ° C at a heating rate of 55 ° C / h, at this temperature. After 4 hours of heat preservation, the third heating section is heated to 230 ° C at a heating rate of 78 ° C / h. Since the steel ingot has a certain plasticity when the temperature of the ingot is greater than 800 ° C, the heating section adopts a relatively fast heating speed. The fourth stage is also heated to 340 ° C at a heating rate of 78 ° C / h, and the ingot is kept at this temperature for 1 hour to form a forged heated blank.
  • Forging blanking The above-mentioned heated steel ingot is taken out from the heating furnace and sent to a large hydraulic machine with a file The upper anvil cuts the head and tail of the heated steel ingot to ensure the useful material quality of the middle section.
  • the cutting amount of the rising end of the steel ingot is 3% of the total weight of the ingot blank, and the cutting amount of the end section is the total weight of the blank.
  • the steel ingot in the middle of the remaining steel ingot was struck with a steel hammer to remove the scale layer on the outer periphery of the ingot to obtain a forged billet for forging.
  • Forging blank drawing the forging blank is pressed down in the axial direction, and the upsetting adopts a large upsetting ratio so that the internal pores of the forging blank are fully pressed, the as-cast dendrites are broken, and the upsetting toe ratio is 3.0.
  • the rate of each upsetting of the forging billet should be controlled within the range of 24%-30%.
  • the length ratio is 3.0, and the reduction ratio of each length should be controlled within the range of 24%-30%, and the forging blank is finally obtained. Pulled into a nearly cylindrical shape. After the above-mentioned upsetting and lengthening, it is ensured that the internal defects such as shrinkage and shrinkage of the forging are closed, and a better forged structure is obtained.
  • Die forging moving the forged billet elongated into a cylindrical shape to the upright anvil with four holes, widening the four holes on the anvil and the forgings of the two forging manholes and two forging holes Corresponding to the position of the circular table, the forged slab is formed on the widened anvil and formed into a circular plate shape.
  • the front surface of the forging slab should be ejected with a convex surface having a large taper angle; the four round tables on the reverse side of the forging slab Corresponding to the forging manhole seat and the forging pipe hole of the forged piece.
  • the large taper round table of the forging slab blank is used to ensure uniform flow of the metal in the middle of the slab during the stamping process in the lower pass, so that the wall thickness of the hemispherical crown forging blank is substantially uniform.
  • the forging temperature of the upsetting is controlled between 800 °C and 340 °C, that is, the forging temperature drops to 800 °C during the forging process, and the forging billet needs to be reheated so that the forging billet temperature is always maintained within the range of 800 °C - 340 °C. .
  • the forging slab In order to ensure the uniform internal structure of the forged slab after plucking and to eliminate the internal stress during the plucking process, the forging slab needs to be heat treated after the die forging.
  • the forged slab is air-cooled to 640 ° C, incubated in a heating furnace for 4 hours, then cooled to 300 ° C, still fed After 4 hours of heat preservation in a hot furnace, it was heated to 640 ° C at a heating rate of 45 ° C / h, and was kept in a heating furnace for 40 hours, and then cooled to 180 ° C with a furnace to be cooled to room temperature.
  • Slab roughing preliminary machining of the heat-treated forging slab to facilitate rough forming of the lower forging, first turning the outer periphery of the slab to remove the burr and the concave and convex surface, thereby forming a circular plate blank;
  • the taper surface of the four round tables on the reverse side of the forging slab and the end surface thereof are machined by means of machining such as milling;
  • the front surface of the slab is turned by machining means such as turning, so that a round table surface having a large taper angle is formed on the front surface of the slab.
  • the cone angle of the truncated cone is controlled to be 170°-175°, and the cone angle of the truncated cone is the angle between the two busbars on the same plane of the circular mesa.
  • Forging forming After the above-mentioned pre-machined forging slab is heated to 340 ° C by means of section heating such as steel ingot, the forged slab is moved into an annular die with a central hole for stamping and forming, forging plate The four outer convex round tables of the blank are located at the central hole position of the annular die, the ball-shaped die is located at the top end of the round table top of the forging slab, and the ball die is punched down along the center line of the circular plate forging slab to make the forging The four circular tables on the slab are gradually pressed and everted in the space of the center hole of the annular die, and finally punched into a spherical crown-shaped hemispherical forging blank.
  • Forging blank punching In the process step, the corresponding holes are punched out on the four outer convex round tables. First, the hemispherical forging blanks are fixed on the punching cutting board with the corresponding round table end faces as the support, and the punching bar is punched downward from above to complete After the punching of the first forging manhole, the punching of the first forging manhole is completed, and then the hemispherical forging blank is fixed on the punching cutting plate with the second round table end as the support, so as to punch the second forging manhole, the same The method sequentially punches the first forging pipe hole and the second forging pipe hole.
  • the punching sequence described above is not necessarily the forging hole of the forging manhole, and the order can be freely arranged.
  • the two forging manholes and the two forging pipe holes punched in this process are blind holes, which is beneficial to further pressing the metal structure in the stamping.
  • the sample is taken at the bottom of the blind hole.
  • it is still necessary to control the temperature of the blank between 800 ° C and 340 ° C.
  • the punching sequence described above can be adjusted according to the actual conditions of the stamping.
  • Heat treatment of forgings After the above-mentioned hemispherical crown forming stamping and four-hole stamping, the metal structure of the forging will change again, and internal stress will be generated inside the blank. In order to uniformly refine the metal structure and eliminate the internal stress of the metal structure, it is necessary The forging is heat treated again. Firstly, the temperature of the stamped forgings is controlled to 905 ° C, held in a holding furnace for 6 hours, and then air cooled to 300 ° C, then moved to the holding furnace for 4 hours, and then heated to 640 at a heating rate of 45 ° C / h. After incubating for 3 hours in a heating furnace, it was cooled to 180 ° C with the furnace and air-cooled to room temperature.
  • Forging machining machining the above-mentioned heat-treated forgings so that the inner and outer radius of the spherical cap, the shape of the forging manhole seat and the forging forging pipe socket, and the forging forging manhole and forging pipe hole are all fixed. Machining allowance to form a rough forged product.
  • Performance heat treatment In order to further uniform the metal structure and improve the mechanical properties of the forging, it is still necessary to perform a comprehensive heat treatment on the rough product of the forging, which includes the prior quenching treatment and the subsequent quenching and tempering treatment.
  • the heat treatment process of the quenching treatment is: heating the forged rough product at room temperature to 600 ° C in a heating furnace, and after heating in the furnace for 2 hours, and then heating to 935 ° C at a heating rate of 90 ° C / h, in the furnace. After 2 hours of heat preservation, it was placed in flowing water for rapid water cooling to complete the quenching treatment.
  • the quenched forged rough product is heated to 400 ° C in a heating furnace, and after being kept in the furnace for 2 hours, it is heated to 635 ° C at a heating rate of 45 ° C / h, and is still kept in the furnace for 6 hours. After that, it is cooled to room temperature to complete the performance heat treatment of the forging.
  • Finished product processing sampling and preserving the physical and chemical test of the specified items in the sampled reserved position of the above-mentioned heat-treated forged rough products, and the qualification of the physical and chemical test is met by the managerial test.
  • the rough finished product is mechanically finished to meet the size and shape requirements of the qualified forging, thereby completing the forging, processing and heat treatment of the forging to form the forged product.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)

Abstract

一种核电蒸汽发生器壳体整体锻件包括整体锻件主体，以及设置于整体锻件主体上的锻件人孔座和锻件管孔座，整体锻件主体呈球冠结构，在所述锻件人孔座和锻件管孔座上分别设置有锻件人孔和锻件管孔，所述锻件人孔座及锻件管孔座和整体锻件主体锻为一整体，所述锻件人孔的孔中心线和锻件管孔的孔中心线相交于整体锻件主体所在球的球心处。其锻造型方法包括以下步骤：钢锭加热；锻坯下料；锻坯镦拔；模锻成型；板坯热处理；板坯粗加工；锻件成型；锻件冲孔；锻件热处理；锻件机加工；性能热处理；成品加工。该锻造方法不仅实现了蒸汽发生器锻件的一体化成型，而且锻件组织均匀密实、金属流线完整、锻件纤维组织和外形更趋一致。

Description

核电蒸汽发生器壳体整体锻件及其锻造成型方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种核电设备用大型结构件，尤其涉及核电蒸汽发生器等压力容器用整体式封头等壳体锻件及其锻造成型方法。
背景技术
核电是一种清洁、安全的能源，且核电的环境影响小。以压水堆为热源的核电站主要由核岛和常规岛组成，压水堆核电站核岛的四大部件是蒸汽发生器、稳压器、主泵和堆芯，因此核蒸汽发生器是核电站最为关键的主要设备，蒸汽发生器与反应堆压力容器相连，不仅直接影响电站的功率与效率，而且在进行热量交换时，还起着阻隔放射性载热剂的作用，对核电站安全至关重要，其材料和制造的高技术含量均为当代制造业之最。
核电蒸汽发生器封头等壳体是蒸汽发生器中承担压差最大的部件，起到密封和隔离一、二回路冷却剂的作用，也是一回路侧冷却剂流过管束前或后的汇集腔室，它包含了冷却剂入口锻件管孔、冷却剂出口锻件管孔和两个锻件人孔。故蒸汽发生器封头是在半球冠状的整体锻件主体上设有两个锻件管孔座和两个锻件人孔座；其板坯展开直径可达7—8米，单个成品部件重量均在数十吨以上，属于超大型板块状构件，锻造难度非常大，而要在如此大尺寸的球冠上再一次性整体锻造成型出符合尺寸要求和位置要求的锻件管孔座和锻件人孔座更是难以实现。因此现有蒸汽发生器封头是将封头本体与锻件人孔座和锻件管孔座通过焊接的方法进行拼接制造的，尽管随着材料科学的发展，焊接材料的性能得到了很大的提高，焊接新工艺也层出不穷，但整体 锻件主体与锻件人孔座和锻件管孔座之间通过焊接而拼接的结构总是不能形成完整的金属流线，由于核电蒸汽发生器长期处于高温高压的恶劣运行环境中，且承受交变荷载和管道涡流所形成的压力突变，极易引起应力分布不匀和应力集中，容易产生疲劳、蠕变和损坏。而且这样球冠体和管嘴分开焊接制造的方法，焊接工艺十分复杂、焊接周期长，复杂应力区质量稳定性差，直接造成成品率低，制造成本大幅上升。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种核电蒸汽发生器壳体整体锻件，它不仅能实现核电蒸汽发生器壳体整体锻件的一体化锻造成型，而且锻件组织均匀密实、金属流线完整、锻件纤维组织和外形更趋一致。本发明另一要解决的技术问题是提供一种锻造该核电蒸汽发生器壳体整体锻件的成型方法。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的核电蒸汽发生器壳体整体锻件，包括整体锻件主体，以及设置于整体锻件主体上的锻件人孔座和锻件管孔座，整体锻件主体呈球冠结构，在所述锻件人孔座和锻件管孔座上分别设置有锻件人孔和锻件管孔，所述锻件人孔座及锻件管孔座和整体锻件主体锻为一整体，所述锻件人孔的孔中心线和锻件管孔的孔中心线相交于整体锻件主体所在球的球心处。
所述整体锻件主体的球冠半径R与球冠高h之比R/h＝1/(0.92—0.95)。
本发明核电蒸汽发生器壳体整体锻件的锻造型方法包括以下步骤：
(1)、钢锭加热：将钢锭在加热炉中加热至580℃—620℃，保温3小时，再以55℃/h—60℃/h的加热速度加热至830℃—870℃，保温4小时；再以 78℃/h—82℃/h加热速度加热至230℃—270℃，保温4小时；再以78℃/h—82℃/h加热速度加热至310℃—340℃，保温1小时；
(2)、锻坯下料：将上述加热钢锭从炉中取出切剁头尾，冒口端切剁量为钢锭重量的3％—16％，尾端切剁量为钢锭重量的8％—10％，去除氧化层形成锻坯；
(3)、锻坯镦拔：将切剁头尾的锻坯镦粗，镦粗比为3.0—3.5；镦粗后再将锻坯拔长成圆柱状，拔长比为3.0—3.5；锻坯镦拔温度控制在800℃—340℃范围内；
(4)、模锻成型：将拔长成圆柱状的锻坯放至带有四孔的展宽砧上镦粗成锻件板坯，该锻件板坯正面为大锥角圆台面，锻件板坯反面的四个圆台分别与核电蒸汽发生器壳体整体锻件的锻件人孔座和锻件管孔座位置相对应；
(5)、板坯热处理：将锻件板坯空冷至640℃—660℃，保温4—6小时；再空冷至300℃—400℃，保温4—6小时后；以45℃/h—50℃/h的加热速度加热至640℃—660℃，保温50—60小时，炉冷至180℃时出炉至室温；
(6)、板坯粗加工：将上述经热处理的锻件板坯进行机加工，去除锻件板坯的毛刺和凹凸面，使锻件板坯正面的大锥角圆台面、锻件板坯反面的四个圆台表面平整；
(7)、锻件成型：将上述经机加工的锻件板坯加热至340℃后，移放至带有中心孔的环状模进行冲压成型，锻件板坯反面的四个圆台位于环状模的中心孔位置，球头冲模位于锻件板坯正面的大锥角圆台面向下冲压，以形成半球锻件坯件；
(8)、锻件冲孔：以对应冲孔的圆台端面为支承面将上述半球锻件坯件 放于冲压砧板上，冲杆从上方向下依次冲压对应孔，从而形成具有两个锻件人孔和两个锻件管孔的锻件冲压件；
(9)、锻件热处理：将上述锻件温度控制至905℃—925℃，保温6—8小时，再空冷至300℃—400℃，保温4—6小时后，再以45℃/h—50℃/h的加热速度加热至640℃—660℃，保温3—5小时，炉冷至180℃时出炉空冷；
(10)、锻件机加工：对上述经热处理的锻件进行机加工成整体锻件粗成品；
(11)、性能热处理：对整体锻件粗成品先进行淬火处理，再进行调质处理，该淬火处理工艺为：将锻件粗成品加温至600℃后保温2-3小时，再以90℃/h—100℃/h加温至935℃—955℃，保温2—3小时后水冷；将经淬火处理后的锻件粗成品加温至400℃，保温2—3小时，再以45℃/h—50℃/h的加温速度加热至635℃—655℃，保温6—7小时后空冷至室温，以完成调质热处理；
(12)、成品加工：对上述经性能热处理的整体锻件粗成品进行取样，并对试样进行理化试验，将达到理化试验技术条件的整体锻件粗成品进行机加工至合格的整体锻件成品。
所述锻坯镦粗的每次镦粗压下率为24％—30％；锻坯拔长的每次拔长压下率为24％—30％。
所述锻件板坯正面的大锥角圆台面的圆台锥角为170°-175°。用于锻件成型的环状模包括环模主体，该环模主体的外环面为圆柱面，环模主体的内环截面为弧形面。所述锻件上的两个锻件锻件人孔和和两个锻件管孔均为盲孔。所述锻件粗成品带有加工余量。本发明采用锻件整体结构并运用特定的 镦拔锻造、热处理和整体成型等工艺方法，使得本发明具体如下显著优点：
本发明实现了核电用压力容器整体锻件这种大型板块状实心构件的整体锻造成型，使得带有锻件人孔的锻件人孔座和带有锻件管孔的锻件管孔座与整体锻件主体之间形成了完整连续的金属流线，而且锻件的金属纤维组织与锻件外形能够最大限度地保持一致，锻件成品的力学性能得极大的提高，更能承受蒸汽发生器的高温高压以及交变荷载和蒸汽涡流所形成的恶劣工况，有利于锻件工作应力的均匀化，锻件工作可靠性大大增强，更利于提高核电站及其蒸汽发生器的运行安全性。
本发明采用整体锻拔和整体冲压成型的综合工艺方法，使得锻件的纵向力学性能和横向力学性能均得到显著提高。由于蒸汽发生器属于大型板块状实心构件，铸锭在凝固过程中，不可避免地存在成分偏析、缩孔、疏松、夹杂甚至裂纹等缺陷，本发明通过对核电设备用钢的流变特性的研究，找出这类厚大锻件在不同温度下形变与再结晶的规律，合理确定本发明的锻拔、冲压及锻造比等工艺参数，并配合以热处理过程热处理工艺参数，保证了锻后材料组织和成分的均匀性。
本发明在整体锻造成型锻件成品过程中，采用了分步成型方式，先行锻粗成型出锻件板坯，再行冲压成型球冠状整体锻件主体结构，锻件板坯的锻造是整个成型工艺中不可缺少的步骤，这样解决了大型锻件一次成型变形量过大所带来的锻件各向异性，以及所导致各向力学性能的塑性指标急剧下降的问题，符合锻件材料的流变特性，实现了大变形量、复杂曲面的整体锻造成型，并且使得金属流线完整，为最终的整体近终成型创造了条件。通过将柱状锻件锻造成板状的锻件板坯，又进一步压合金属内部组织缺陷，提高了 锻件的力学性能。锻件板坯的正面在镦拔中形成的大锥角圆台面，这样又能在球冠冲压成型过程中，锻件板坯的中部金属会在冲压时从中部流向周边部，从而保证金属流线的合理和半球坯件厚度的基本一致，利于后道的近终成型加工。
本发明采用钢锭分区段加温保温规范，以及不同加工阶段的热处理规范，确保大体积、大断面锻件能够均匀热透，使锻件心部、表面各区域间加热温度一致，避免因断面温度差产生温度应力而导致锻件钢锭开裂。本发明的始锻和终锻温度及加热速度，使锻件能在较好的塑性状态下成型，既有效防止产生过热，又保证锻件再结晶充分。本发明根据锻件所处的不同工艺过程，确定了不同的热处理规范，既有效地消除了锻造应力，改善组织，为下一工序作为准备，又有效地细化了晶粒、消除偏析，使钢的组织和性能更加均匀。最终的性能热处理，既使得成品锻件的外部强度高、耐磨性好，内部又保持良好的韧性、抗冲击力强，使得成品锻件的组织更加细致均匀，有效消除加工过程中产生的内应力，稳定成品锻件的加工精度，稳定和提高成品锻件的综合力学性能。
本发明采用整体锻造成型、直接冲压锻件人孔和锻件管孔的工艺，大大减少了材料的切削加工量，使材料利用率提高，因此，本发明的锻件整体结构和锻造工艺方法具有减少加工工艺流程、缩短整个生产工艺，提高生产效率和材料利用率的优点。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
图1是本发明核电蒸汽发生器壳体整体锻件的立体结构示意图；
图2是图1所示结构的横截面结构示意图；
图3是本发明核电蒸汽发生器壳体整体锻件锻造成型方法的工艺流程图；
图中：1—整体锻件、2—整体锻件主体、3—锻件管孔座、4—锻件管孔、5—锻件人孔座、6—锻件人孔；
具体实施方式
如图1、图2所示的核电蒸汽发生器壳体整体锻件，该整体锻件1包括整体锻件主体2，该整体锻件主体2呈球冠状结构，在整体锻件主体2上设置有两个锻件管孔座3，每一锻件管孔座3的中心位置均设置有锻件管孔4，两个锻件管孔座3为分别用于连接冷却剂输入管和冷却剂输出管；在整体锻件主体2上还设置有两个锻件人孔座5，每一锻件人孔座5的中心位置均设置有锻件人孔6，该两个锻件人孔6分别与整体锻件1内的冷却剂输入腔和冷却剂输出腔相连通，以对冷却剂的输入腔、输出腔进行观察检查及维护。两个带有锻件人孔6的锻件人孔座5和两个带有锻件管孔4的锻件管孔座3均与整体锻件主体2整体锻造为一体。锻件人孔座5为位于整体锻件主体2的球冠外表面且向外凸出的圆台座，在该圆台座的中心位置设有锻件人孔6，锻件管孔座3也为位于整体锻件主体2的球冠外表面且向外凸出的圆台座，在该圆台座的中心位置设有锻件管孔4。呈球冠结构的整体锻件主体2的球心位于整体锻件主体球冠的上底面外，锻件人孔6的孔中心线和锻件管孔4的孔中心线均相交于整体锻件主体2球冠的球心。整体锻件主体2球冠半径R为球心至球冠外表面的半径，球冠高h为球冠上底面至球冠下顶端的高度，整体锻件主体2的球冠半径R与球冠高h的之比根据球冠半径及壁厚的大小应控制在R/h＝1/(0.92—0.95)之间。锻件锻件人孔6的偏置角α为锻件锻件人孔孔 中心线与垂直于球冠上底面半径之间的夹角，该偏置角α＝45°；锻件管孔4的偏置角β为锻件管孔孔中心线与垂直于球冠上底面半径之间的夹角，该偏置角β＝50°。整体锻件主体2的两个锻件人孔6的孔中心线之间的夹角为α1＝90°，整体锻件主体2上的两个锻件管孔4的中心线之间的夹角为β1＝105°，两个锻件人孔6和两个锻件管孔4分别与整体锻件主体球冠内的冷却剂输入腔和输出腔相连通。
图3示出了本发明锻造成型方法的工艺步骤流程图(图中实线为锻件轮廓线，虚线为锻前锻件轮廓线)，该工艺过程中钢锭的始锻温度为800℃，钢锭的终锻温度为340℃，即在锻造过程中锻坯的温度低于800℃时，应将锻件重新加热，使锻件的锻造温度保持在800℃-340℃范围内。
在该工艺步骤中首先选用八棱柱状钢锭，钢锭材料为508—3钢，钢锭重量为38吨。首先对钢锭进行分段式加热，先将钢锭放入加热炉中进行加热，以提高金属塑性，使其易于流动成型并获得良好的锻后组织，选择恰当的加热温度区间，可使金属坯件在塑性较好的状态下成型；由于钢锭属于大型块状件，为减少由断面温度差产生的温度应力，应使钢锭均匀加热升温。本发明采用分段加热升温规范，首先将钢锭送至加热炉中加热至580℃，在此温度下保温3小时，第二加热段以55℃/h的加热速度加热至830℃，在此温度下保温4小时，第三加热段以78℃/h的加热速度加温至230℃，由于钢锭温度大于800℃时，钢锭已具有一定的塑性，因此本加热段采用了相对较快的加热速度，第四段也以78℃/h的加热速度加温至340℃，钢锭在此温度下保温1小时而形成锻造加热坯件。
锻件下料：将上述加热钢锭从加热炉中取出送至大型液压机，以剁刀为 上砧对加热钢锭切剁头尾，以保证有用的中段材料质量，其钢锭冒口端的切剁量为钢锭坯件总重量的3％，尾端段的切剁量钢锭为坯件总重量的8％，对留下的钢锭中段用钢锤敲击以去除钢锭外周的氧化皮层而得到用于锻造的锻坯。
锻坯镦拔：将锻坯沿轴向压下镦粗，该镦粗采用大镦粗比，以使锻坯内部孔隙充分压合，铸态树枝晶打碎，镦粗的镦粗比为3.0，锻坯镦粗的每次镦粗压下率应控制在24％—30％范围内。在镦粗后进行拔长，在镦粗后进行拔长，其拔长的拔长比为3.0，每次拔长的压下率也应控制在24％—30％范围内，最终将锻坯拔长成近圆柱状。经过上述镦粗拔长可以保证锻件内部缩松、缩孔等孔隙缺陷闭合，得到较好的锻造组织。
模锻成型：将拔长成圆柱状的锻坯移至带有四孔的展宽砧上镦粗，展宽砧上的四孔位置与锻件成品的两个锻件人孔座圆台和两个锻件管孔座圆台位置相对应，在展宽砧上经过镦粗而形成圆板状的锻件板坯，该锻件板坯正面应镦出具有大锥角的外凸圆台面；锻件板坯反面的四个圆台则分别与锻件成品件的锻件人孔座和锻件管孔相对应。锻件板坯件的大锥角圆台面以便在下道冲压成型时，保证在冲压中板坯中部金属向周边均匀流动，使得半球冠状锻件坯件的壁厚基本一致。镦粗拔长的锻造温度控制在800℃—340℃之间，即锻造过程中锻坯温度降至800℃，需将锻坯重新加热，使锻坯温度始终保持在800℃—340℃范围内。
板坯热处理：为了保证镦拔后的锻件板坯内部组织均匀并消除镦拔过程中的内应力，在模锻成型后还需对锻件板坯进行热处理。首先将上述锻得的锻件板坯空冷至640℃，在加热炉中保温4小时，再冷却至300℃，仍送入加 热炉中保温4小时后，以45℃/h的加热速度加热至640℃，在加热炉中保温40小时后随炉冷却至180℃出炉冷却至室温。
板坯粗加工：对上述经热处理的锻件板坯进行初步的机加工，以便于下道锻件粗成型，首先车削板坯外周以去除板坯毛刺和凹凸面，从而形成圆板状板坯件；采用铣削等机加工手段机削锻件板坯反面的四个圆台的台锥面和其端面；采用车削等机加工手段车削板坯正面，使其在板坯正面形成具有大锥角的圆台面，该圆台的锥角控制为170°—175°，其圆台锥角为圆台面位于同一平面上两母线之间的夹角。锻件板坯的板坯主体上大锥角圆台面上底直径φ1与板坯主体的外径φ与比为：φ1/φ＝1/1.80。
锻件成型：将上述经过初步机加工的锻件板坯采用如钢锭加热的分段方式加热至340℃后，再将锻件板坯移放至带有中心孔的环状模中进行冲压成型，锻件板坯的四个外凸圆台位于环状模的中心孔位置，球头形冲模位于锻件板坯正面圆台面的顶端部，球头冲模沿圆板形的锻件板坯中心线向下冲压，使锻件板坯上的四个圆台在环状模中心孔的空间内逐渐下压并外翻，最终冲压成球冠状的半球锻件坯件。
锻件坯冲孔：该工序步骤要在四个外凸圆台上冲出对应的孔，首先以对应的圆台端面为支承将半球锻件坯件固定于冲压砧板上，冲杆从上方向下冲压以完成第一锻件人孔的冲压，完成第一锻件人孔的冲压后，再以第二个圆台端面为支承将半球锻件坯件再固定在冲压砧板上，以冲压第二个锻件人孔，以同样的方法，依次冲压第一锻件管孔和第二锻件管孔。上述冲孔顺序并不一定是先锻件人孔后锻件管孔，其顺序可以自由安排。该工序冲压的两个锻件人孔和两个锻件管孔均为盲孔，既利于冲压中对金属组织进行进一步的压 合，又便于在下面的理化试验步骤，在盲孔底部位置截取试样。在上述的冲压过程中，仍需要将坯件温度控制在800℃—340℃之间。上述的冲孔顺序可以根据冲压的实际情况进行调整。
锻件热处理：经上述半球冠成型冲压和四个孔的冲压，锻件的金属组织又会发生改变，并在坯件内部会产生内应力，为均匀细化金属组织，消除金属组织的内部应力，需要再次对锻件进行热处理。首先将上述经冲压的锻件温度控制至905℃，在保温炉中保温6小时，再空冷至300℃后，仍移至保温炉中保温4小时，再以45℃/h的加热速度加热至640℃，并在加热炉中保温3小时后，随炉冷却至180℃出炉空冷至室温。
锻件机加工：对上述经过热处理的锻件进行机械加工，使其球冠的内外半径、锻件人孔座和锻件锻件管孔座的外形及锻件锻件人孔、锻件管孔处均留有一定的精加工余量，从而形成锻件粗成品。
性能热处理：为了进一步均匀金属组织，提高锻件的机械性能，仍需对锻件粗成品进行综合热处理，该热处理包括先行的淬火处理，以及再后进行的调质处理。该淬火处理的热处理过程为：将室温的锻件粗成品在加热炉中加热至600℃，并在炉中保温2小时后，再以90℃/h的加热速度加温至935℃，在炉中保温2小时后，放入流动的水中进行快速水冷从而完成淬火处理。淬火处理后将经淬火处理后的锻件粗成品在加热炉中加温至400℃，在炉中保温2小时后，以45℃/h的加热速度加热至635℃，仍在炉中保温6小时后再空冷至室温，从而完成对锻件的性能热处理。
成品加工：在上述经性能热处理的锻件粗成品的取样预留位置进行取样并进行规定项目的理化试验，经理化试验合格而达到理化试验技术条件的锻 件粗成品进行机械精加工，以达到合格锻件的尺寸和形状要求，从而完成锻件的锻造、加工和热处理，以形成锻件成品。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种核电蒸汽发生器壳体整体锻件，包括整体锻件主体(2)，以及设置于整体锻件主体(2)上的锻件人孔座(5)和锻件管孔座(3)，整体锻件主体(2)呈球冠结构，在所述锻件人孔座(5)和锻件管孔座(3)上分别设置有锻件人孔(6)和锻件管孔(4)，其特征在于：所述锻件人孔座(5)及锻件管孔座(3)和整体锻件主体(2)锻为一整体，所述锻件人孔(6)的孔中心线和锻件管孔(4)的孔中心线相交于整体锻件主体(2)所在球的球心处。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的核电蒸汽发生器壳体整体锻件，其特征在于：所述整体锻件主体(2)的球冠半径R与球冠高h之比R/h＝1/(0.92—0.95)。
  3. 一种锻造权利要求1所述的核电蒸汽发生器壳体整体锻件的成型方法，其特征在于：该整体锻件的锻造成型方法包括以下步骤：
    (1)钢锭加热：将钢锭在加热炉中加热至580℃—620℃，保温3小时，再以55℃/h—60℃/h的加热速度加热至830℃—870℃，保温4小时；再以78℃/h—82℃/h加热速度加热至230℃—270℃，保温4小时；再以78℃/h—82℃/h加热速度加热至310℃—340℃，保温1小时；
    (2)锻坯下料：将上述加热钢锭从炉中取出切剁头尾，冒口端切剁量为钢锭重量的3％—16％，尾端切剁量为钢锭重量的8％—10％，去除氧化层形成锻坯；
    (3)锻坯镦拔：将切剁头尾的锻坯镦粗，镦粗比为3.0—3.5；镦粗后再将锻坯拔长成圆柱状，拔长比为3.0—3.5；锻坯镦拔温度控制在800℃—340℃范围内；
    (4)模锻成型：将拔长成圆柱状的锻坯放至带有四孔的展宽砧上镦粗 成锻件板坯，该锻件板坯正面为大锥角圆台面，锻件板坯反面的四个圆台分别与核电蒸汽发生器壳体整体锻件的锻件人孔座和锻件管孔座位置相对应；
    (5)板坯热处理：将锻件板坯空冷至640℃—660℃，保温4—6小时；再空冷至300℃—400℃，保温4—6小时后；以45℃/h—50℃/h的加热速度加热至640℃—660℃，保温50—60小时，炉冷至180℃时出炉至室温；
    (6)板坯粗加工：将上述经热处理的锻件板坯进行机加工，去除锻件板坯的毛刺和凹凸面，使锻件板坯正面的大锥角圆台面、锻件板坯反面的四个圆台表面平整；
    (7)锻件成型：将上述经机加工的锻件板坯加热至340℃后，移放至带有中心孔的环状模进行冲压成型，锻件板坯反面的四个圆台位于环状模的中心孔位置，球头冲模位于锻件板坯正面的大锥角圆台面向下冲压，以形成半球锻件坯件；
    (8)锻件冲孔：以对应冲孔的圆台端面为支承面将上述半球锻件坯件放于冲压砧板上，冲杆从上方向下依次冲压对应孔，从而形成具有两个锻件人孔和两个锻件管孔的锻件冲压件；
    (9)锻件热处理：将上述锻件温度控制至905℃—925℃，保温6—8小时，再空冷至300℃—400℃，保温4—6小时后，再以45℃/h—50℃/h的加热速度加热至640℃—660℃，保温3—5小时，炉冷至180℃时出炉空冷；
    (10)锻件机加工：对上述经热处理的锻件进行机加工成整体锻件粗成品；
    (11)性能热处理：对整体锻件粗成品先进行淬火处理，再进行调质 处理，该淬火处理工艺为：将锻件粗成品加温至600℃后保温2-3小时，再以90℃/h—100℃/h加温至935℃—955℃，保温2—3小时后水冷；将经淬火处理后的锻件粗成品加温至400℃，保温2—3小时，再以45℃/h—50℃/h的加温速度加热至635℃—655℃，保温6—7小时后空冷至室温，以完成调质热处理；
    (12)成品加工：对上述经性能热处理的整体锻件粗成品进行取样，并对试样进行理化试验，将达到理化试验技术条件的整体锻件粗成品进行机加工至合格的整体锻件成品。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的锻造成型方法，其特征在于：所述锻坯镦粗的每次镦粗压下率为24％—30％；锻坯拔长的每次拔长压下率为24％—30％。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的锻造成型方法，其特征在于：所述锻件板坯正面的大锥角圆台面的圆台锥角为170°-175°。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的锻造成型方法，其特征在于：用于锻件成型的环状模包括环模主体，该环模主体的外环面为圆柱面，环模主体的内环截面为弧形面。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的锻造成型方法，其特征在于：所述整体锻件上的两个锻件人孔和和两个锻件管孔均为盲孔。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的锻造成型方法，其特征在于：所述整体锻件粗成品带有加工余量。
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