WO2017197918A1 - 基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统及其对位方法 - Google Patents

基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统及其对位方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017197918A1
WO2017197918A1 PCT/CN2017/071335 CN2017071335W WO2017197918A1 WO 2017197918 A1 WO2017197918 A1 WO 2017197918A1 CN 2017071335 W CN2017071335 W CN 2017071335W WO 2017197918 A1 WO2017197918 A1 WO 2017197918A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
alignment
license plate
controller
ground
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PCT/CN2017/071335
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
田勇
田劲东
李东
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深圳大学
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Publication of WO2017197918A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017197918A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F15/00—Coin-freed apparatus with meter-controlled dispensing of liquid, gas or electricity
    • G07F15/003—Coin-freed apparatus with meter-controlled dispensing of liquid, gas or electricity for electricity
    • G07F15/005—Coin-freed apparatus with meter-controlled dispensing of liquid, gas or electricity for electricity dispensed for the electrical charging of vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/31—Charging columns specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/50—Context or environment of the image
    • G06V20/56—Context or environment of the image exterior to a vehicle by using sensors mounted on the vehicle
    • G06V20/58—Recognition of moving objects or obstacles, e.g. vehicles or pedestrians; Recognition of traffic objects, e.g. traffic signs, traffic lights or roads
    • G06V20/584—Recognition of moving objects or obstacles, e.g. vehicles or pedestrians; Recognition of traffic objects, e.g. traffic signs, traffic lights or roads of vehicle lights or traffic lights
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F15/00—Coin-freed apparatus with meter-controlled dispensing of liquid, gas or electricity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0027—
    • H02J7/025—
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/60—Type of objects
    • G06V20/62—Text, e.g. of license plates, overlay texts or captions on TV images
    • G06V20/625—License plates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of wireless charging of electric vehicles, and more particularly to a wireless charging alignment system for electric vehicles based on license plate recognition and a wireless charging alignment method for electric vehicles based on license plate recognition.
  • wireless charging At present, most of the wireless charging methods are used to charge the electric vehicle.
  • the wireless charging method has the advantages of no physical connection, convenient use, stop-and-charge (fixed-point parking charging) or non-stop charging (real-time online charging), and safety and reliability.
  • wireless charging still faces some problems to be solved during the use process.
  • One of the more critical issues is the problem of charging coil alignment. The misalignment of the coil before charging the electric vehicle will greatly reduce the charging efficiency. When the offset is too large, the charging may not be possible.
  • Chinese patent 201210491684.0 relates to an electric a vehicle wireless charging guiding system for aligning a charging transmitting device with a power receiving device during wireless charging, the charging transmitting device being installed On the ground, the power receiving device is mounted on a vehicle, the guiding system includes a camera, a ground marking line and a display, the camera and the display are mounted on the vehicle, and the ground marking line is disposed on the ground.
  • the camera is connected to the display; the camera collects an image with a ground marking line on the rear area of the vehicle, and superimposes the internal guiding line of the camera, and then transmits it to the display, and the display passes the position of the internal guiding line and the ground marking line of the camera. Guide the driver to park the vehicle in the designated position and complete the alignment of the charging transmitter and the power receiving device.
  • 201510304357.3 discloses a wireless charging and positioning system for an electric vehicle, comprising a vehicle position detecting device and a wireless charging vehicle receiving board for performing wireless charging positioning detection under the control of an electric vehicle wireless charging start switch; wheel positioning track, wireless
  • the charging indicator is used for providing ground identification for the detection of the vehicle position detecting device under the control of the wireless charging start switch of the electric vehicle; the wireless charging vehicle receiving board and the wireless charging ground transmitting board are used under the control of the wireless charging start switch of the electric vehicle Perform communication processing and logical judgment.
  • 201510767990.6 discloses an electric vehicle wireless charging alignment and metal foreign object detecting system and method thereof, the detecting system comprising: a transmitting coil connected to an output end of a wireless charging transmitting device of a parking lot surface; a receiving coil, which is The input end of the radio energy receiving device of the electric vehicle chassis is connected, the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are coupled to each other; the probe is disposed on the surface of the transmitting coil, and the probe is coupled with the transmitting coil and the receiving coil; the probe is an axisymmetric structure, consisting of two sizes The coil has the same number of turns and the opposite coil; the probe and the transmitting coil have the same size; the signal conditioning module is configured to receive the voltage signals outputted by the two output ends of the probe, and output the two outputs of the probe respectively. The two signals are amplified, filtered, and peak-maintained; the control module connected to the signal conditioning module is configured to compare the received two voltage signals and compare the obtained voltage signal difference with a preset voltage threshold.
  • the structure of the first patent will be different when the vehicle specifications are different. This will result in a mismatch between the camera's internal guide line and the ground marking line, and the versatility will be limited; each vehicle needs to be equipped with a camera, which increases the system cost and vehicle modification work.
  • the structure of the second patent utilizes wheel alignment trajectories for versatility of electric vehicles having different track sizes and does not provide the driver with sufficiently intuitive directional guidance information.
  • the structure of the third patent must be completed when the transmitting coil is energized, so the practicality is limited. In addition, it has only the right and left alignment functions and lacks the front and rear alignment functions. The driver provides sufficient intuitive direction guidance information.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide an electric vehicle wireless charging aligning system based on license plate recognition and a aligning method thereof.
  • an electric vehicle wireless charging alignment system based on license plate recognition including a ground controller, a vehicle controller, a vehicle display, and a ground camera;
  • the onboard controller is disposed on the electric vehicle, configured to send a charging request, vehicle identity information to the ground controller, and receive identity confirmation and alignment prompt information returned by the ground controller, and control the onboard display Displaying the alignment prompt information, the onboard controller is electrically connected to the onboard display and the ground controller respectively;
  • the in-vehicle display is installed in an electric vehicle for displaying alignment information sent by the on-board controller to remind the customer how to operate the electric vehicle to make the alignment successful;
  • the ground camera is mounted on a wall or wireless charger in front of the wireless charging station, and is used for Shooting to obtain the license plate image, and the ground camera is electrically connected to the ground controller;
  • the ground controller is configured to receive a license plate image captured by the ground camera and identify a license plate area, and then calculate a corresponding alignment guiding parameter, and transmit the alignment guiding parameter to the onboard controller.
  • the ground controller comprises a wireless communication module, a vehicle identity verification module, a camera control module, a license plate area identification module, and a registration parameter calculation module;
  • the wireless communication module is used for information interaction between the ground controller and the onboard controller, and is electrically connected to the onboard controller;
  • the camera control module is configured to control the ground camera to acquire an image after being authenticated by the vehicle, and electrically connect to the ground camera;
  • the vehicle identity verification module is configured to verify the legality of the identity of the vehicle to be charged, and is electrically connected to the wireless communication module;
  • the license plate area identification module is configured to find a license plate area in an image collected by the ground camera, and electrically connect with the camera control module;
  • the alignment parameter calculation module is configured to calculate a lateral offset and a longitudinal offset parameter according to the positional relationship and the proportion of the license plate area in the camera field of view, and is electrically connected to the license plate area identification module.
  • the ground controller further includes a charger control module, the charger control module is configured to trigger the charging device to work after the vehicle identity verification and the wireless charging alignment succeeds, and the relevant parameters of the vehicle to be charged The charger is informed to be electrically connected to the vehicle identity verification module.
  • the electric vehicle wireless charging alignment system based on the license plate recognition further comprises a radio energy receiving board and a radio energy transmitting board, and the radio energy transmitting board and the stopping board
  • the output of the charger of the vehicle field table is connected for generating a fixed frequency high frequency resonant magnetic field;
  • the radio energy receiving board is connected to an input end of a radio energy receiving device of the electric vehicle chassis, the radio energy receiving board and the The radio energy transmitting plates are coupled to each other for generating an induced voltage signal.
  • a further technical solution is that the ground camera and the radio energy transmitting board are mounted symmetrically.
  • the onboard controller includes a communication module and a display control module, and the communication module is configured to send a charging request, vehicle identity information to the ground controller, and receive an identity confirmation returned by the ground controller.
  • the alignment prompt information is electrically connected to the wireless communication module; the display control module is configured to control the on-board display to display the alignment prompt information, and is electrically connected to the on-vehicle display.
  • the invention also provides a wireless charging alignment method for an electric vehicle based on license plate recognition, and the specific steps are as follows:
  • Step 1 When the vehicle to be charged enters the wireless charging position or the vehicle controller sends a charging request and identity information to the ground controller;
  • Step 2 The ground controller verifies the identity of the vehicle, including whether the vehicle is registered in the charging management system, whether the charging parameter matches the charger, and if the identity is legal, proceed to step 3, otherwise the driver authentication failure and failure are prompted. the reason;
  • Step 3 After the ground controller starts the registration procedure, the license plate area is first identified by the image captured by the camera, and the radio energy receiving board and the radio energy emission are calculated according to the relationship between the license plate and the distance d L and d R of the left and right borders of the camera image.
  • the left and right alignment guide parameters of the board if
  • Step 4 The ground controller estimates the distance d 18 between the camera and the license plate according to the proportion of the license plate area in the camera field of view, and combines the distance d 16 from the camera to the center of the radio energy transmitting board, and the license plate to the center of the radio energy receiving board.
  • d 58 a known constant parameter such as d 58 , if
  • Step 5 End the registration and start the charging procedure
  • a further technical solution is: in the step 2, when the vehicle to be charged enters the wireless charging position, the ground controller first identifies the license plate number of the charging vehicle, and queries the database to actively acquire relevant information of the vehicle to be charged, including Whether the vehicle is registered in the charging management system, whether the vehicle charging parameter matches the charger, the distance from the license plate to the center of the radio pickup board, etc. If the vehicle is registered and the charging parameter matches the charging, the identity is verified and continues. Perform step 3, otherwise, the driver is prompted to verify the identity and inform the reason for the failure.
  • step 4 the specific steps of the alignment guiding program are as follows: the ground controller sends the wireless charging alignment guiding parameter to the vehicle controller; the vehicle controller according to the received alignment guiding parameter The virtual image and relative positional relationship between the radio energy receiving board and the radio energy transmitting board are reconstructed on the display, and the offset is displayed.
  • the wireless charging alignment system of the electric vehicle based on license plate recognition of the invention initiates a charging request to the ground controller through the vehicle controller, and the ground controller controls the electric motor to be charged by the ground camera
  • the license plate of the car is captured, and the acquired license plate image is launched into the ground controller to identify the license plate area and calculate the phase.
  • the ground controller transmits the alignment guiding parameters to the vehicle controller, and then the vehicle controller controls the vehicle display to display the alignment guidance information, and has a simple structure and strong applicability, and can be used for various specifications.
  • the electric vehicle wireless charging system can provide intuitive alignment guidance information and improve the versatility of the alignment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle wireless charging system based on license plate recognition according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a ground controller according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system for an electric vehicle based on license plate recognition according to a specific embodiment of the present invention (horizontal alignment);
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram (longitudinal alignment) of an electric vehicle wireless charging system based on license plate recognition according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart 1 of a wireless charging method for an electric vehicle based on license plate recognition according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a second block diagram of a method for wireless charging of an electric vehicle based on license plate recognition according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the wireless charging alignment system of the electric vehicle based on the license plate recognition provided in the embodiment can be used in a parking area such as a garage to realize alignment of the electric vehicle during wireless charging. effect.
  • An electric vehicle wireless charging alignment system based on license plate recognition comprising a ground controller 10, an onboard controller 40, an onboard display 30, and a ground camera 20, wherein the onboard controller 40 is disposed on the electric vehicle for the ground controller 10 Sending the charging request, the vehicle identity information, and receiving the identity confirmation and the matching prompt information returned by the ground controller 10, and controlling the on-board display 30 to display the alignment prompt information, and the on-board controller 40 is electrically connected to the in-vehicle display 30 and the ground controller 10, respectively.
  • the vehicle display 30 is installed in the electric vehicle for displaying the alignment prompt information sent by the vehicle controller 40 to remind the customer how to operate the electric vehicle to make the alignment successful; the ground camera 20 is installed on the wall in front of the wireless charging position.
  • the ground camera 20 is electrically connected to the ground controller 10; the ground controller 10 is configured to receive the license plate image captured by the ground camera 20 and identify the license plate area 70, and then calculate the corresponding pair. Bit boot parameter, will The alignment guiding parameter is transmitted to the onboard controller 40.
  • the above-mentioned license plate recognition-based electric vehicle wireless charging alignment system initiates a charging request to the ground controller 10 via the on-board controller 40, and the ground controller 10 controls the ground camera 20 to capture and acquire the license plate of the electric vehicle to be charged, and captures the image.
  • the obtained license plate image is launched into the ground controller 10, the license plate area 70 is identified, and the corresponding alignment guide parameters are calculated.
  • the ground controller 10 transmits the alignment guide parameters to the onboard controller 40, and then the onboard controller 40.
  • the control vehicle display 30 displays the alignment guidance information, has a simple structure and strong applicability, and can be used for various wireless charging systems of electric vehicles, and can provide intuitive alignment guidance information and improve the versatility of the alignment.
  • the in-vehicle controller 40 and the in-vehicle display 30 transmit signals by wire connection, and the in-vehicle controller 40 and the ground controller 10 communicate wirelessly.
  • the ground controller 10 includes a wireless communication module 11, a vehicle identity verification module 16, a camera control module 14, a license plate area identification module 13, and a registration parameter calculation module 12, and the wireless communication module 11 is used for a ground controller.
  • 10 is electrically connected to the on-board controller 40;
  • the camera control module 14 is configured to control the ground camera 20 to acquire an image after being authenticated by the vehicle, and electrically connect with the ground camera 20;
  • the vehicle identity verification module 16 is configured to verify the legality of the identity of the vehicle to be charged, and is electrically connected to the wireless communication module 11;
  • the license plate area identification module 13 is configured to find the license plate area 70 in the image collected by the ground camera 20.
  • the camera control module 14 is electrically connected; the alignment parameter calculation module 12 is configured to calculate a lateral offset and a vertical offset according to the positional relationship and the proportion of the vehicle region in the camera field of view 80 (camera image).
  • the parameter is electrically connected to the license plate area identification module 13.
  • the wireless communication The module 11 accepts the request and sends the signal to the vehicle identity verification module 16 to verify the legality of the identity of the vehicle to be charged. After the verification is completed, if it is qualified, the verification result is sent to the vehicle controller 40, and the camera control module 14 driving the ground camera 20 to capture the license plate image, and transmitting the license plate image to the license plate area recognition module 13 for identification of the license plate area 70, the alignment parameter calculation module 12 according to the license plate area in the image captured by the ground camera 20
  • the positional relationship and the proportion are respectively calculated as the lateral offset and the longitudinal offset parameter, and the parameter is sent to the onboard controller 40 through the wireless communication module 11, and the onboard display 40 is driven by the onboard controller 40 to display these parameters and intuitively guide
  • the driver performs a registration operation; if the verification identity is unsatisfactory, the verification result is transmitted to the in-vehicle controller 40, and the on-board display 30 prompts the driver for the identity verification failure and its
  • the ground controller 10 further includes a charger control module 15 for triggering the operation of the charger after the vehicle identity verification and wireless charging alignment succeeds, and related parameters of the vehicle to be charged (such as battery type, battery capacity) The remaining power, the rated charging power, and the like are informed to the charger, and the charger control module 15 is electrically connected to the vehicle identity verification module 16.
  • a charger control module 15 for triggering the operation of the charger after the vehicle identity verification and wireless charging alignment succeeds, and related parameters of the vehicle to be charged (such as battery type, battery capacity) The remaining power, the rated charging power, and the like are informed to the charger, and the charger control module 15 is electrically connected to the vehicle identity verification module 16.
  • the electric vehicle wireless charging alignment system based on the license plate recognition further includes a radio energy receiving board 60 and a radio energy transmitting board 50, wherein the radio energy transmitting board 50 is connected to the output end of the charger of the parking lot surface for generating a fixed frequency A high frequency resonant magnetic field; a radio energy receiving board 60 coupled to an input of a radio energy receiving device of the electric vehicle chassis, the radio energy receiving board 60 and the radio energy transmitting board 50 being coupled to each other for generating an induced voltage signal.
  • the system calculates the distances d L and d R from the left and right borders of the license plate to the left and right boundaries of the camera field of view 80 according to the identified license plate area 70.
  • is smaller than the lateral pair
  • the positional deviation threshold ⁇ d 1 is allowed, it indicates that the lateral alignment is successful and prompts the driver to maintain the current driving direction, otherwise it indicates that the lateral direction has an offset and informs the driver of the offset and the offset direction.
  • the ground camera 20 and the radio energy transmitting board 50 and the license plate and the radio energy receiving board 60 are all mounted in an axisymmetric manner.
  • the ground camera 20 needs to be in
  • the ground controller 10 estimates the distance d 18 between the camera and the license plate based on the proportion of the license plate area 70 in the camera field of view 80, and combines the distance d 16 from the camera to the center of the radio energy transmitting board 50, and the license plate to the radio energy receiving board 60.
  • the known constant parameter such as the distance d 58 of the center calculates the longitudinal alignment guiding parameter of the radio energy receiving board 60 and the radio energy transmitting board 50, and if
  • the registration is successful and the driver is prompted to successfully perform the alignment; otherwise the registration of the alignment is continued.
  • the on-board controller 40 described above includes a communication module 42 and a display control module 41, wherein the communication module 42 is configured to send a charging request, vehicle identity information to the ground controller 10, and receive an identity confirmation returned by the ground controller 10. And the collocation information is electrically connected to the wireless communication module 11; the display control module 41 is configured to control the on-board display 30 to display the alignment prompt information, and is electrically connected to the on-board display 30.
  • the display in the wireless charging alignment system of the electric vehicle based on the license plate recognition, can be set on the wall of the charging position, that is, the off-board display.
  • the vehicle controller 40 is not required to be installed in the electric vehicle, and the ground control is performed.
  • the device 10 transmits the alignment guiding parameters to the display, and the driver directly views the content displayed by the display on the wall of the charging position.
  • the invention also provides a wireless charging alignment method for an electric vehicle based on license plate recognition, and the specific steps are as follows:
  • Step 1 When the vehicle to be charged enters the wireless charging position or the vehicle controller 40 sends a charging request and identity information to the ground controller 10;
  • Step 2 The ground controller 10 verifies the identity of the vehicle, including whether the vehicle is in the charging tube Whether the system registration, charging parameters match the charger, etc., if the identity is legal, proceed to step 3, otherwise the driver's identity verification failure and failure reason are prompted;
  • Step 3 After the ground controller 10 starts the registration procedure, the license plate area 70 is first recognized by the image acquired by the camera, and the radio energy receiving board 60 is calculated according to the relationship between the license plate and the distance d L and d R of the left and right borders of the camera image.
  • the left and right alignment guiding parameters of the radio energy transmitting board 50 if
  • Step 4 The ground controller 10 estimates the distance d 18 between the camera and the license plate according to the proportion of the license plate area 70 in the camera field of view 80, and combines the distance d 16 from the camera to the center of the radio energy transmitting board 50, the license plate to the radio energy.
  • a known constant parameter such as the distance d 58 at the center of the receiving plate 60 calculates a longitudinal alignment guiding parameter of the radio energy receiving board 60 and the radio energy transmitting board 50, and if
  • Step 5 End the registration and start the charging procedure.
  • the ground controller 10 when the vehicle to be charged enters the wireless charging position, the ground controller 10 first identifies the license plate number of the charging vehicle, and queries the database to actively acquire relevant information of the vehicle to be charged, including the vehicle. Whether it is registered in the charging management system, whether the vehicle charging parameter matches the charger, the distance from the license plate to the center of the radio pickup board, etc. If the vehicle is registered and the charging parameters match the charging, verification is performed by identity and execution is continued. Step 3, otherwise, prompting the driver to fail the authentication and telling the reason for the failure;
  • the specific steps of the alignment guiding program are as follows: the ground controller 10 transmits the wireless charging alignment guiding parameter to the onboard controller 40; the onboard controller 40 is heavy on the display according to the received alignment guiding parameter.
  • the virtual image and relative positional relationship between the radio energy receiving board 60 and the radio energy transmitting board 50 are constructed, and the offset is displayed.

Abstract

公开了一种基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统及其对位方法，该对位系统包括地面控制器（10）、车载控制器（40）、车载显示器（30）及地面摄像头（20）；车载控制器（40）分别与车载显示器（30）及地面控制器（10）电性连接；地面摄像头（20）与地面控制器（10）电性连接；该方法通过车载控制器（40）向地面控制器（10）发起充电请求，地面控制器（10）控制地面摄像头（20）对待充电的电动汽车的车牌进行拍摄获取，将拍摄获取到的车牌图片发动到地面控制器（10）内，进行识别车牌区域以及计算相对应的对位引导参数，地面控制器（10）将对位引导参数传输到车载控制器（40）内，再由车载控制器（40）控制车载显示器（30）显示对位引导信息，结构简单，适用性强，可用于各种不同规格的电动汽车无线充电系统，能够提供直观的对位引导信息以及提高对位的通用性。

Description

基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统及其对位方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车无线充电的技术领域，更具体地说是指基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统及基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位方法。
背景技术
电动汽车作为解决机动车排放污染和化石能源短缺的一种有效解决方案，被我国以及世界各主要国家列为战略性新兴产业。随着电动汽车的广泛应用与推广，如何安全、可靠、方便、快捷地完成充电将成为电动汽车使用过程中必须加以解决的一个重要课题。
目前大多数采用无线充电方式对电动汽车进行充电，无线充电方式具有无需物理连接件、使用方便、即停即充(定点停车充电)或不停也充(实时在线充电)、安全可靠等优点。然而，无线充电在使用过程仍然也面临着一些亟待解决的问题，其中一个比较关键的问题是充电线圈对位问题。电动汽车充电前线圈对位不准将大大降低充电效率，偏移过大时甚至导致无法充电。
采用“ZY:(电动and(汽车or车辆)and无线充电and(对位or定位or导引))”搜索表达式，在soopat上搜索到相关专利36篇，其中，中国专利201210491684.0涉及一种电动车辆无线充电引导系统，用于无线充电时充电发射装置与受电装置的对准，所述的充电发射装置安装 在地面上，所述的受电装置安装在车辆上，所述的引导系统包括摄像头、地面标示线和显示器，所述的摄像头和显示器安装在车辆上，所述的地面标示线设置在地面上，所述的摄像头与显示器连接；摄像头采集车辆后方区域上带有地面标示线的影像，并叠加上摄像头内部引导线，再传输到显示器，显示器通过比对摄像头内部引导线和地面标示线的位置，引导驾驶员将车辆停入指定位置，完成充电发射装置与受电装置的对准。中国专利201510304357.3公开一种电动汽车无线充电定位系统，包括有车载位置检测装置，无线充电车载接收板，用于在电动汽车无线充电启动开关的控制下进行无线充电的定位检测；车轮定位轨迹，无线充电标示，用于在电动汽车无线充电启动开关的控制下为车载位置检测装置的检测提供地面标识；无线充电车载接收板和无线充电地面发射板，用于在电动汽车无线充电启动开关的控制下进行通讯处理和逻辑判断。中国专利201510767990.6公开了一种电动汽车无线充电对位及金属异物检测系统及其方法，该检测系统包括：发射线圈，其与停车场地表的无线充电发射装置的输出端相连；接收线圈，其与电动汽车底盘的无线电能接收装置的输入端相连，接收线圈与发射线圈相互耦合；敷设在发射线圈表面的探头，探头与发射线圈和接收线圈均相互耦合；探头为轴对称结构，由两个大小、匝数相同且绕向相反的线圈构成；探头与发射线圈的边界大小一致；信号调理模块，用于接收探头的两个输出端输出的电压信号，分别对探头的两个输出端输出的这两路信号进行放大、滤波和峰值保持处理；与信号调理模块相连的控制模块，用于将接收到的两路电压信号作差，将获得的电压信号差值与预设电压阈值相比较。
在上述的三篇中国专利中，第一篇专利的结构在车辆规格不同时，会 将导致摄像头内部引导线和地面标示线不匹配，通用性受到一定的限制；每辆车都需要配置摄像头，增加了系统成本和车辆的改造工作。第二篇专利的结构利用车轮定位轨迹对具有不同轮距的电动车辆不具有通用性，并且没有给驾驶员提供足够直观的方向引导信息。第三篇专利的结构必须在发射线圈通电的情况下才能完成对位检测，因此其实用性受到一定的限制；另外，它只有左右对位功能而缺乏前后对位功能；再者，同样没有给驾驶员提供足够直观的方向引导信息。
因此，有必要设计一种电动汽车无线充电对位系统，实现对电动汽车无线充电时提供直观的对位引导信息以及提高对位的通用性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺陷，提供基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统及其对位方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统，包括地面控制器、车载控制器、车载显示器以及地面摄像头；
所述车载控制器设在电动汽车上，用于向所述地面控制器发送充电请求、车辆身份信息，并接收所述地面控制器返回的身份确认和对位提示信息，并控制所述车载显示器显示对位提示信息，所述车载控制器分别与所述车载显示器以及所述地面控制器电性连接；
所述车载显示器安装于电动汽车中，用于显示所述车载控制器发送的对位提示信息，以提醒客户如何操作电动汽车以使对位成功；
所述地面摄像头安装于无线充电位前方的墙面或无线充电机上，用于 拍摄获取车牌图像，地面摄像头与地面控制器电性连接；
所述地面控制器用于接收所述地面摄像头拍摄的车牌图像并识别车牌区域后计算出相应的对位引导参数，将该对位引导参数传输给所述车载控制器。
其进一步技术方案为：所述地面控制器包括无线通讯模块、车辆身份验证模块、摄像头控制模块、车牌区域识别模块以及对位参数计算模块；
所述无线通讯模块用于所述地面控制器和所述车载控制器之间的信息交互，与所述车载控制器电性连接；
所述摄像头控制模块用于在通过车辆身份验证后控制所述地面摄像头采集图像，与所述地面摄像头电性连接；
所述车辆身份验证模块用于对待充电车辆身份的合法性进行验证，与所述无线通讯模块电性连接；
所述车牌区域识别模块用于在所述地面摄像头采集的图像中找出车牌区域，与所述摄像头控制模块电性连接；
所述对位参数计算模块用于根据车牌区域在摄像头视场中的位置关系及所占比例分别计算出横向偏移和纵向偏移参数，与所述车牌区域识别模块电性连接。
其进一步技术方案为：所述地面控制器还包括充电机控制模块，所述充电机控制模块用于在通过车辆身份验证且无线充电对位成功后触发充电机工作并将待充电车辆的相关参数告知充电机，与所述车辆身份验证模块电性连接。
其进一步技术方案为：所述基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统还包括无线电能接收板以及无线电能发射板，所述无线电能发射板与停 车场地表的充电机的输出端相连，用于产生固定频率高频谐振磁场；所述无线电能接收板与电动汽车底盘的无线电能接收装置的输入端相连，所述无线电能接收板与所述无线电能发射板相互耦合，用于产生感生电压信号。
其进一步技术方案为：所述地面摄像头和所述无线电能发射板轴对称安装。
其进一步技术方案为：所述车载控制器包括通信模块以及显示器控制模块，所述通信模块用于向所述地面控制器发送充电请求、车辆身份信息，并接收所述地面控制器返回的身份确认和对位提示信息，与所述无线通讯模块电性连接；所述显示器控制模用于控制所述车载显示器显示对位提示信息，与所述车载显示器电性连接。
本发明还提供了基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤1.当有待充电车辆驶入无线充电位或车载控制器向地面控制器发出充电请求及身份信息；
步骤2.地面控制器对车辆身份进行验证，包括车辆是否在本充电管理系统注册、充电参数是否与本充电机相匹配等，如果身份合法则进行步骤3，否则提示驾驶员身份验证失败及失败原因；
步骤3.地面控制器启动对位程序后，首先通过摄像头采集的图像识别出车牌区域，并根据车牌与摄像头图像左右边界的距离dL和dR的关系计算出无线电能接收板与无线电能发射板的左右对齐引导参数，如果|dL－dR|小于横向对位所允许的偏差阈值Δd1，则表示横向对位成功并提示驾驶员保持当前行驶方向，且进行步骤4，否则表示横向有偏移并将偏移量和偏移方向告知驾驶员；
步骤4.地面控制器根据车牌区域在摄像头视场中所占比例推算摄像头与车牌之间的距离d18，并结合摄像头到无线电能发射板中心的距离d16、车牌到无线电能接收板中心的距离d58等已知的恒定参数计算出无线电能接收板与无线电能发射板的纵向对齐引导参数，如果|d56|小于纵向对位所允许的偏差阈值Δd2，则表示纵向对位成功并提示驾驶员对位成功，且进行步骤5；否则继续执行对位引导程序，且重复进行步骤3和4，直至对位成功；
步骤5.对位结束，启动充电程序
其进一步技术方案为：在所述步骤2中，当有待充电车辆驶入无线充电位时，地面控制器首先对待充电车辆的车牌号进行识别，并查询数据库主动获取待充电车辆的相关信息，包括车辆是否在本充电管理系统中注册、车辆充电参数是否与本充电机匹配、车牌到无线电能拾取板中心的距离等，如果车辆已注册且充电参数与本充电匹配，则通过身份进行验证并继续执行步骤3，反之则提示驾驶员身份验证失败并告知失败原因。
其进一步技术方案为：在所述步骤4中，纵向偏移量具体计算方法为d56＝d17－d16+d58。
其进一步技术方案为：在所述的步骤4中，对位引导程序的具体步骤如下：地面控制器将无线充电对位引导参数发送给车载控制器；车载控制器根据接收到的对位引导参数在显示器重构出无线电能接收板与无线电能发射板的虚拟影像及相对位置关系，并显示偏移量。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果是：本发明的基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统，通过车载控制器向地面控制器发起充电请求，地面控制器控制地面摄像头对待充电的电动汽车的车牌进行拍摄获取，将拍摄获取到的车牌图片发动到地面控制器内，进行识别车牌区域以及计算相 对应的对位引导参数，地面控制器将对位引导参数传输到车载控制器内，再由车载控制器控制车载显示器显示对位引导信息，结构简单，适用性强，可用于各种不同规格的电动汽车无线充电系统，能够提供直观的对位引导信息以及提高对位的通用性。
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
附图说明
图1为本发明具体实施例提供的基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电系统的结构示意图；
图2为本发明具体实施例提供的地面控制器的结构示意图；
图3为本发明具体实施例提供的基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电系统的原理示意图(横向对位)；
图4为本发明具体实施例提供的基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电系统的原理示意图(纵向对位)；
图5为本发明具体实施例提供的基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电方法的流程框图一；
图6为本发明具体实施例提供的基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电方法的流程框图二；
附图标记
10  地面控制器          11  无线通讯模块
12  对位参数计算模块    13  车牌区域识别模块
14  摄像头控制模块      15  充电机控制模块
16  车辆身份验证模块    20  地面摄像头
30  车载显示器          40  车载控制器
41  显示器控制模块      42  通信模块
50  无线电能发射板      60  无线电能接收板
70  车牌区域            80  摄像头视场
具体实施方式
为了更充分理解本发明的技术内容，下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进一步介绍和说明，但不局限于此。
如图1～6所示的具体实施例，本实施例提供的基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统，可以运用在车库等汽车存放区域中，实现对电动汽车无线充电时起到对位作用。
基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统，包括地面控制器10、车载控制器40、车载显示器30以及地面摄像头20，其中，车载控制器40设在电动汽车上，用于向地面控制器10发送充电请求、车辆身份信息，并接收地面控制器10返回的身份确认和对位提示信息，并控制车载显示器30显示对位提示信息，车载控制器40分别与车载显示器30以及地面控制器10电性连接；车载显示器30安装于电动汽车中，用于显示车载控制器40发送的对位提示信息，以提醒客户如何操作电动汽车以使对位成功；地面摄像头20安装于无线充电位前方的墙面或无线充电机上，用于拍摄获取车牌图像，地面摄像头20与地面控制器10电性连接；地面控制器10用于接收地面摄像头20拍摄的车牌图像并识别车牌区域70后计算出相应的对位引导参数，将 该对位引导参数传输给车载控制器40。
上述的基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统，通过车载控制器40向地面控制器10发起充电请求，地面控制器10控制地面摄像头20对待充电的电动汽车的车牌进行拍摄获取，将拍摄获取到的车牌图片发动到地面控制器10内，进行识别车牌区域70以及计算相对应的对位引导参数，地面控制器10将对位引导参数传输到车载控制器40内，再由车载控制器40控制车载显示器30显示对位引导信息，结构简单，适用性强，可用于各种不同规格的电动汽车无线充电系统，能够提供直观的对位引导信息以及提高对位的通用性。
具体的，车载控制器40与车载显示器30通过有线连接进行信号传输，车载控制器40与地面控制器10之间采用无线方式进行通信。
具体的，上述的地面控制器10包括无线通讯模块11、车辆身份验证模块16、摄像头控制模块14、车牌区域识别模块13以及对位参数计算模块12，所述无线通讯模块11用于地面控制器10和车载控制器40之间的信息交互，与车载控制器40电性连接；所述摄像头控制模块14用于在通过车辆身份验证后控制地面摄像头20采集图像，与地面摄像头20电性连接；所述车辆身份验证模块16用于对待充电车辆身份的合法性进行验证，与无线通讯模块11电性连接；所述车牌区域识别模块13用于在地面摄像头20采集的图像中找出车牌区域70，与摄像头控制模块14电性连接；所述对位参数计算模块12用于根据车辆区域在摄像头视场80(摄像头图像)中的位置关系及所占比例分别计算出横向偏移和纵向偏移参数，与车牌区域识别模块13电性连接。
车载控制器40向地面控制器10发起充电以及身份验证请求后，无线通 讯模块11接受该请求，并且将该信号发送给车辆身份验证模块16，对待充电车辆身份的合法性进行验证；验证完毕后，如果合格，将验证结果发送给车载控制器40，并且摄像头控制模块14驱动地面摄像头20拍摄获取车牌图像，并将该车牌图像发送到车牌区域识别模块13进行车牌区域70的识别后，由对位参数计算模块12根据车牌区域在地面摄像头20所拍摄的图像中的位置关系及所占比例分别计算出横向偏移以及纵向偏移参数，并将该参数通过无线通讯模块11发送到车载控制器40，由车载控制器40驱动车载显示器30显示这些参数，直观地引导驾驶者进行对位操作；如果验证身份不合格，则将该验证结果发送给车载控制器40，再由车载显示器30提示驾驶者身份验证失败及其原因。
地面控制器10还包括充电机控制模块15，充电机控制模块15用于在通过车辆身份验证且无线充电对位成功后触发充电机工作并将待充电车辆的相关参数(如电池类型、电池容量、剩余电量、额定充电功率等)告知充电机，充电机控制模块15与车辆身份验证模块16电性连接。
基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统还包括无线电能接收板60以及无线电能发射板50，其中，无线电能发射板50，与停车场地表的充电机的输出端相连，用于产生固定频率高频谐振磁场；无线电能接收板60，其与电动汽车底盘的无线电能接收装置的输入端相连，所述无线电能接收板60与无线电能发射板50相互耦合，用于产生感生电压信号。
系统根据识别出的车牌区域70计算出车牌左右边界分别到摄像头视场80左右边界的距离dL和dR，当dL和dR之差的绝对值|dL－dR|小于横向对位所允许的偏差阈值Δd1时，表示横向对位成功并提示驾驶员保持当前行驶方向，否则表示横向有偏移并将偏移量和偏移方向告知驾驶员。
在本实施例中，地面摄像头20和无线电能发射板50以及车牌和无线电能接收板60均是轴对称安装，当不满足该条件时，需要在|dL－dR|中对地面摄像头20和无线电能发射板50轴线之间的偏移量以及车牌和无线电能接收板60轴线之间的偏移量进行补偿。地面控制器10根据车牌区域70在摄像头视场80中所占比例推算摄像头与车牌之间的距离d18，并结合摄像头到无线电能发射板50中心的距离d16、车牌到无线电能接收板60中心的距离d58等已知的恒定参数计算出无线电能接收板60与无线电能发射板50的纵向对齐引导参数，如果|d56|小于纵向对位所允许的偏差阈值Δd2，则表示纵向对位成功并提示驾驶员对位成功；否则继续执行对位引导程序。
更进一步的，上述的车载控制器40包括通信模块42以及显示器控制模块41，其中，通信模块42用于向地面控制器10发送充电请求、车辆身份信息，并接收地面控制器10返回的身份确认和对位提示信息，与无线通讯模块11电性连接；显示器控制模块41用于控制车载显示器30显示对位提示信息，与车载显示器30电性连接。
于其他实施例，在基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统中，可以将显示器设置在充电位的墙壁上，即非车载显示器，此时，电动汽车内无需设置车载控制器40，地面控制器10将对位引导参数传输到显示器上，驾驶者直接观看位于充电位的墙壁上的显示器显示的内容。
本发明还提供了基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤1.当有待充电车辆驶入无线充电位或车载控制器40向地面控制器10发出充电请求及身份信息；
步骤2.地面控制器10对车辆身份进行验证，包括车辆是否在本充电管 理系统注册、充电参数是否与本充电机相匹配等，如果身份合法则进行步骤3，否则提示驾驶员身份验证失败及失败原因；
步骤3.地面控制器10启动对位程序后，首先通过摄像头采集的图像识别出车牌区域70，并根据车牌与摄像头图像左右边界的距离dL和dR的关系计算出无线电能接收板60与无线电能发射板50的左右对齐引导参数，如果|dL－dR|小于横向对位所允许的偏差阈值Δd1，则表示横向对位成功并提示驾驶员保持当前行驶方向，且进行步骤4，否则表示横向有偏移并将偏移量和偏移方向告知驾驶员；
步骤4.地面控制器10根据车牌区域70在摄像头视场80中所占比例推算摄像头与车牌之间的距离d18，并结合摄像头到无线电能发射板50中心的距离d16、车牌到无线电能接收板60中心的距离d58等已知的恒定参数计算出无线电能接收板60与无线电能发射板50的纵向对齐引导参数，如果|d56|小于纵向对位所允许的偏差阈值Δd2，则表示纵向对位成功并提示驾驶员对位成功，且进行步骤5；否则继续执行对位引导程序，且重复进行步骤3和4，直至对位成功；
步骤5.对位结束，启动充电程序。
更进一步的，在所述步骤2中，当有待充电车辆驶入无线充电位时，地面控制器10首先对待充电车辆的车牌号进行识别，并查询数据库主动获取待充电车辆的相关信息，包括车辆是否在本充电管理系统中注册、车辆充电参数是否与本充电机匹配、车牌到无线电能拾取板中心的距离等，如果车辆已注册且充电参数与本充电匹配，则通过身份进行验证并继续执行步骤3，反之则提示驾驶员身份验证失败并告知失败原因；
在所述步骤4中，纵向偏移量具体计算方法为d56＝d17－d16+d58。
在所述的步骤4中，对位引导程序的具体步骤如下：地面控制器10将无线充电对位引导参数发送给车载控制器40；车载控制器40根据接收到的对位引导参数在显示器重构出无线电能接收板60与无线电能发射板50的虚拟影像及相对位置关系，并显示偏移量。
上述仅以实施例来进一步说明本发明的技术内容，以便于读者更容易理解，但不代表本发明的实施方式仅限于此，任何依本发明所做的技术延伸或再创造，均受本发明的保护。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统，其特征在于，包括地面控制器、车载控制器、车载显示器以及地面摄像头；
    所述车载控制器设在电动汽车上，用于向所述地面控制器发送充电请求、车辆身份信息，并接收所述地面控制器返回的身份确认和对位提示信息，并控制所述车载显示器显示对位提示信息，所述车载控制器分别与所述车载显示器以及所述地面控制器电性连接；
    所述车载显示器安装于电动汽车中，用于显示所述车载控制器发送的对位提示信息，以提醒客户如何操作电动汽车以使对位成功；
    所述地面摄像头安装于无线充电位前方的墙面或无线充电机上，用于拍摄获取车牌图像，地面摄像头与地面控制器电性连接；
    所述地面控制器用于接收所述地面摄像头拍摄的车牌图像并识别车牌区域后计算出相应的对位引导参数，将该对位引导参数传输给所述车载控制器。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统，其特征在于，所述地面控制器包括无线通讯模块、车辆身份验证模块、摄像头控制模块、车牌区域识别模块以及对位参数计算模块；
    所述无线通讯模块用于所述地面控制器和所述车载控制器之间的信息交互，与所述车载控制器电性连接；
    所述摄像头控制模块用于在通过车辆身份验证后控制所述地面摄像头采集图像，与所述地面摄像头电性连接；
    所述车辆身份验证模块用于对待充电车辆身份的合法性进行验证，与所述无线通讯模块电性连接；
    所述车牌区域识别模块用于在所述地面摄像头采集的图像中找出车牌区域，与所述摄像头控制模块电性连接；
    所述对位参数计算模块用于根据车牌区域在摄像头视场中的位置关系及所占比例分别计算出横向偏移和纵向偏移参数，与所述车牌区域识别模块电性连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统，其特征在于，所述地面控制器还包括充电机控制模块，所述充电机控制模块用于在通过车辆身份验证且无线充电对位成功后触发充电机工作并将待充电车辆的相关参数告知充电机，与所述车辆身份验证模块电性连接。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统，其特征在于，所述基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统还包括无线电能接收板以及无线电能发射板，所述无线电能发射板与停车场地表的充电机的输出端相连，用于产生固定频率高频谐振磁场；所述无线电能接收板与电动汽车底盘的无线电能接收装置的输入端相连，所述无线电能接收板与所述无线电能发射板相互耦合，用于产生感生电压信号。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统，其特征在于，所述地面摄像头和所述无线电能发射板轴对称安装。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位系统，其特征在于，所述车载控制器包括通信模块以及显示器控制模块，所述通信模块用于向所述地面控制器发送充电请求、车辆身份信息，并接收所述地面控制器返回的身份确认和对位提示信息，与所述无线通讯模块电性连接；所述显示器控制模用于控制所述车载显示器显示对位提示信息，与所述车载显示器电性连接。
  7. 基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：
    步骤1.当有待充电车辆驶入无线充电位或车载控制器向地面控制器发出充电请求及身份信息；
    步骤2.地面控制器对车辆身份进行验证，包括车辆是否在本充电管理系统注册、充电参数是否与本充电机相匹配等，如果身份合法则进行步骤3，否则提示驾驶员身份验证失败及失败原因；
    步骤3.地面控制器启动对位程序后，首先通过摄像头采集的图像识别出车牌区域，并根据车牌与摄像头图像左右边界的距离dL和dR的关系计算出无线电能接收板与无线电能发射板的左右对齐引导参数，如果|dL－dR|小于横向对位所允许的偏差阈值Δd1，则表示横向对位成功并提示驾驶员保持当前行驶方向，且进行步骤4，否则表示横向有偏移并将偏移量和偏移方向告知驾驶员；
    步骤4.地面控制器根据车牌区域在摄像头视场中所占比例推算摄像头与车牌之间的距离d18，并结合摄像头到无线电能发射板中心的距离d16、车牌到无线电能接收板中心的距离d58等已知的恒定参数计算出无线电能接收板与无线电能发射板的纵向对齐引导参数，如果|d56|小于纵向对位所允许的偏差阈值Δd2，则表示纵向对位成功并提示驾驶员对位成功，且进行步骤5；否则继续执行对位引导程序，且重复进行步骤3和4，直至对位成功；
    步骤5.对位结束，启动充电程序。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤2中，当有待充电车辆驶入无线充电位时，地面控制器首先对待充电车辆的车牌号进行识别，并查询数据库主动获取 待充电车辆的相关信息，包括车辆是否在本充电管理系统中注册、车辆充电参数是否与本充电机匹配、车牌到无线电能拾取板中心的距离等，如果车辆已注册且充电参数与本充电匹配，则通过身份进行验证并继续执行步骤3，反之则提示驾驶员身份验证失败并告知失败原因。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤4中，纵向偏移量具体计算方法为d56＝d17－d16+d58。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的基于车牌识别的电动汽车无线充电对位方法，其特征在于，在所述的步骤4中，对位引导程序的具体步骤如下：地面控制器将无线充电对位引导参数发送给车载控制器；车载控制器根据接收到的对位引导参数在显示器重构出无线电能接收板与无线电能发射板的虚拟影像及相对位置关系，并显示偏移量。
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