WO2017197891A1 - 体温测量方法和装置 - Google Patents
体温测量方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017197891A1 WO2017197891A1 PCT/CN2016/113119 CN2016113119W WO2017197891A1 WO 2017197891 A1 WO2017197891 A1 WO 2017197891A1 CN 2016113119 W CN2016113119 W CN 2016113119W WO 2017197891 A1 WO2017197891 A1 WO 2017197891A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/01—Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16Z—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G16Z99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass
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- the invention relates to the field of analysis and measurement control technology, and in particular to a body temperature measurement method and device.
- Body temperature measurement is the measurement of the body's stable temperature.
- thermometer The traditional method of measuring body temperature is to use a thermometer to contact the human body and wait for a period of time to stabilize the measured temperature of the thermometer.
- conventional thermometers require a long temperature increase, resulting in a long time to measure the outside temperature.
- a method for measuring body temperature includes the following steps:
- the measured temperature at each moment is raised, and the measured temperature at each moment is collected to draw a measured body temperature change curve;
- the measured body temperature change curve detecting, according to the measured body temperature change curve, a measured temperature change amount within a preset time period.
- the measured temperature change amount is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value
- the last time corresponding to the preset time length is an initial time, according to the preset interval
- the measured body temperature change curve is segmentally fitted to a straight line to obtain a straight line segment;
- a body temperature measuring device comprising:
- the pre-heating module is configured to control the measured temperature at each moment according to the preset temperature, and collect the measured temperature at each moment to draw a measured body temperature change curve;
- a straight line fitting module configured to detect a measured temperature change amount within a preset time period according to the measured body temperature change curve, and when the measured temperature change amount is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, the last time corresponding to the preset time length is initially At the moment, the measured body temperature change curve is segmentally fitted to the straight line according to the preset interval, and a straight line segment is obtained;
- a slope calculation module configured to obtain, according to a chronological order, a slope difference between a front straight line segment and a rear straight line segment in each adjacent straight line segment;
- a temperature prediction module configured to use the initial time as a prediction starting point, and according to the preset temperature compensation amount, the slope difference, and the measured temperature at each moment in the straight line segment, respectively acquiring each time delay after the preset interval The time corresponding to the predicted temperature;
- Terminating the prediction module configured to detect, according to the slope difference, whether the measured temperature corresponding to the last moment of the straight line segment is stable, and when the measured temperature at the last moment corresponding to the straight line segment is stable, the predicted temperature of the corresponding last moment is taken as The temperature is finally measured.
- the above-mentioned body temperature measuring method and device can increase the temperature of the measured time in a relatively fast time by increasing the measured temperature at each time according to the preset temperature, and increase the heat exchange rate; and collect the measured temperature at each time to draw the measured body temperature change curve.
- the temperature advance prediction is performed: the straight line segment is obtained by segmentally fitting the measured body temperature change curve to obtain each adjacent straight line segment.
- 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring body temperature in an embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a specific flowchart for obtaining a slope difference between a front straight line segment and a rear straight line segment in each adjacent straight line segment in chronological order according to an embodiment
- FIG. 3 shows an initial time as a predicted starting point according to a preset temperature compensation amount, a slope difference, and a straight line segment.
- a specific flowchart for obtaining the predicted temperature corresponding to the time after the preset interval is delayed at each time corresponding to the measured temperature;
- Figure 4 is a graph showing changes in body temperature in a specific embodiment
- Figure 5 is a diagram showing a corresponding measured temperature profile and a predicted temperature profile in a specific embodiment
- Figure 6 is a block diagram of a body temperature measuring device in an embodiment
- Figure 7 is a block diagram of a temperature prediction module in an embodiment.
- the body temperature measuring method in an embodiment can be applied to a thermometer, and includes the following steps.
- S110 Control the measured temperature at each moment according to the preset temperature, and collect the measured temperature at each moment to draw a measured body temperature change curve.
- the heat exchange speed between the human body and the thermometer can be improved.
- the preset temperature control the measured temperature at each moment is increased, and the measured temperature obtained at each moment is increased by an additional means, thereby accelerating the rise of the initial temperature of the measurement.
- Additional means include, but are not limited to, controlling the temperature sensor of the thermometer by controlling the heating resistor through the processor such that the temperature measured by the temperature sensor increases.
- the preset temperature refers to a preset value that needs to be controlled to reach the measured temperature, and can be specifically set according to actual needs.
- the preset temperature can be set to 35 ° C (degrees Celsius), then the measured temperature rise at each moment is controlled until the measured temperature reaches 35 ° C and then the control is stopped. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the preset temperature may also be other values.
- S130 Detecting a measured temperature change amount within a preset time period according to the measured body temperature change curve.
- the last time corresponding to the preset time length is the initial time, and the measured body temperature is determined according to the preset interval.
- the curve is segmented and fitted to the straight line to obtain a straight line segment.
- the measured temperature change amount refers to a temperature difference between the measured temperature corresponding to the end time corresponding to the preset duration and the measured temperature corresponding to the start time.
- the measured temperature change amount is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, indicating that the temperature change speed is faster.
- the last moment corresponding to the preset duration refers to the last moment in the period in which the preset duration is detected when the measured temperature change amount is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, for example, the period from the 4th to the 8th second is detected ( If the measured temperature change amount of the preset time is 4 seconds is greater than the preset threshold, the 8th second is the initial time.
- the preset duration, the preset threshold, and the preset interval may be specifically set according to actual needs. In this embodiment, the preset duration is 4 seconds; the preset threshold is 2 ° C; and the preset interval is 10 seconds. It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the preset duration, the preset threshold, and the preset interval may also be Other values.
- the straight line segment is obtained by segmentally fitting the measured body temperature change curve according to the preset interval, and specifically, the design width is a preset interval and the adjacent first moving time window and the second moving time window are first.
- the moving time window starts with the initial time and moves in the direction of time.
- the second moving time window follows the movement.
- the measured body temperature change curve in the first moving time window is fitted as a straight line to obtain a straight line segment, and the second moving time is obtained.
- the measured body temperature change curve in the window is fitted as a straight line to obtain a straight line segment adjacent to the previous straight line segment. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the straight line can be fitted in sections in other ways.
- S150 Obtain a slope difference between a front straight line segment and a rear straight line segment in each adjacent straight line segment according to a chronological order.
- the front straight line segment refers to the straight line segment in the adjacent straight line segment
- the rear straight line segment refers to the straight line segment in the adjacent straight line segment
- the preset temperature compensation amount refers to a temperature value that compensates the measured temperature during the temperature prediction process, and can be specifically set according to actual needs.
- the statistical analysis is performed based on the historical temperature database, and the average value of the temperature difference between the temperature at the historical initial time and the historical final measured temperature is obtained as the preset temperature compensation amount.
- the temperature at the time when the time is not reached is obtained in advance, and the body temperature measurement speed is accelerated.
- S190 Detect whether the measured temperature corresponding to the last moment of the straight line segment is stable according to the slope difference, and when the measured temperature at the last moment corresponding to the straight line segment is stable, the predicted temperature of the corresponding last moment is taken as the final measured temperature.
- Step S130 and step S190 can be performed simultaneously.
- the two straight line segments are corresponding to the first straight line segment and the second straight line segment with the initial time as the starting point, and the slope difference between the two straight line segments is calculated by step S150.
- step S170 taking the first straight line segment as a prediction object, performing step S170 to calculate a predicted temperature of the time corresponding to the delay preset interval in each time in the first straight line segment, and then performing step S190, at the last moment of the first straight line segment
- the process returns to step S130, and the measured straight body temperature curve after the second straight line segment is straight-line fitted to obtain a third straight line segment, and the second straight line segment and the third straight line segment are calculated through step S150.
- step S170 is performed to calculate the predicted temperature corresponding to the time after the preset interval is delayed in the second straight line segment, and step S190 is performed, at the end of the second straight line segment.
- step S190 is performed, at the end of the second straight line segment.
- the process returns to step S130 to obtain the fourth straight line segment, and the loop is repeated until the certain straight line segment corresponds to the last moment. Temperature Stabilization is reached, and the predicted temperature at the corresponding last moment is taken as the final measured temperature.
- step S170 and step S190 may be performed for the straight line segments after the slope differences between the plurality of straight line segments are obtained after performing steps S130 and S150.
- the above body temperature measuring method can increase the temperature of the measured time in a relatively fast time by increasing the measured temperature at each time according to the preset temperature, and increase the heat exchange rate; and collecting the measured temperature of each time to draw the measured body temperature change curve,
- the detected temperature advancement amount is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value at the initial time, and the temperature advance prediction is started: the straight line segment is obtained by segmentally fitting the measured body temperature curve to obtain the straight line segment of each adjacent straight line segment.
- the slope difference between the straight line segment and the rear straight line segment is obtained according to the preset temperature compensation amount, the measured temperature and the slope difference at each moment in the straight line segment, respectively, and the predicted temperatures corresponding to the time after the preset interval is delayed at each time; Judgment: When the measured temperature at the last moment corresponding to the straight line segment reaches a stable state, the predicted temperature at the corresponding last moment is taken as the final measured temperature. By raising the current measured temperature in advance to increase the temperature quickly, the temperature is compensated by the slope difference at the current time to obtain the predicted temperature at the delayed time, which can effectively eliminate the sudden changes caused by human body and external disturbance, and can quickly increase the temperature measurement speed. The temperature balance is quickly reached, which greatly saves the time required for measurement, and the body temperature measurement speed is fast, the time is short, and the measurement accuracy is high.
- the method before step S110, the method further includes: detecting whether a measurement open command is received, and if receiving the measurement open command, executing step S110.
- the measurement opening command can be triggered by a button.
- the temperature measurement button is set on the thermometer.
- pressing the start temperature measurement button can trigger the measurement opening command; the measurement opening command can also be detected.
- the temperature sensor of the thermometer measures the temperature rise and triggers.
- the temperature sensor of the thermometer will feedback the measured temperature rise, and the measurement open signal can be triggered.
- the measured temperature at each moment is collected in step S110, specifically, the measured temperature at each moment is collected according to a preset period.
- the preset period can be specifically set according to actual needs. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the measured temperature may also be collected in other manners, for example, may be collected in real time.
- step S150 includes steps S151 to S155.
- the first straight line equation is configured to:
- t is the time
- t1 is the start time of the previous straight line segment
- t2 is the end time of the previous straight line segment, that is, the start time of the straight line segment
- t3 is the end time of the straight line segment
- k 1 is the front straight line segment.
- the slope, k 2 is the slope of the following straight line segment
- b 1 is the intercept of the front straight line segment
- b 2 is the intercept of the following straight line segment
- T(t) is the measured temperature corresponding to time t.
- T i is the measured temperature corresponding to t i
- n is a value corresponding to the preset interval
- the slopes of the front straight line segment and the rear straight line segment may also be calculated in other manners, for example, a specific point method: selecting two moments from the straight line segment and corresponding temperature values, and calculating the temperature at two moments. The ratio of the difference to the duration corresponding to the two moments gives the slope of the straight line segment.
- step S170 includes:
- S171 taking the initial time as the starting point of the prediction, and obtaining the ratio corresponding to each time according to the difference between the slope of the straight line segment at each time and the adjacent straight line segment and the slope difference between the straight line segment at the initial time and the adjacent straight line segment.
- the ratio corresponding to each moment refers to the ratio of the slope difference between the straight line segment at each moment and the adjacent straight line segment, the slope difference between the straight line segment at the initial moment and the adjacent straight line segment. That is, the slope difference between the straight line segment where the initial time is located and the straight line segment where the adjacent time is located is the normalized maximum value, and the slope difference between each straight line segment and the adjacent straight line segment is normalized. For example, if the slope difference between the straight line segment at the initial time and the straight line segment at the next time is ⁇ k0, the ratio corresponding to each time is ⁇ k x / ⁇ k0, where ⁇ k x is the straight line segment at the time x and the adjacent The slope of the line segment is poor.
- S173 Obtain a predicted temperature corresponding to a time after the preset time interval is delayed according to the measured temperature of the current time, the ratio corresponding to the current time, and the preset temperature compensation amount.
- the first preset value is related to the thermometer hardware and the sensor parameters, and can be determined in the actual data.
- the ratio corresponding to the current time is greater than the first preset value, indicating that the measured temperature corresponding to the current time has a rising trend, and then returns to step S173 to continue the temperature compensation and prediction.
- the ratio corresponding to the current time is less than or equal to the first preset value, indicating that the measured temperature rise trend corresponding to the current time is small, and generally tends to be stable, then the temperature compensation and prediction are stopped, and the predicted temperature at the subsequent time is kept at the current time. Predict the temperature.
- the temperature measurement time is greatly shortened, the method is simple, the calculation amount is small, the temperature measurement precision is high, the reaction speed is fast, and the stability is good.
- step S173 is specifically:
- T(t) is the measured temperature at the current time
- ⁇ k is the ratio corresponding to the current time
- ⁇ is the preset temperature compensation amount
- T' is the predicted temperature at the current time.
- step S190 includes step (a1) and step (a2).
- Step (a1) according to the difference between the slope of the straight line segment and the adjacent straight line segment, the straight line segment where the initial time is located, and the adjacent one The slope difference of the straight line segment obtains the ratio.
- the second preset value is related to the thermometer hardware and the sensor parameters, and can be determined in the actual data.
- the second preset value is smaller than the first preset value.
- the ratio is less than or equal to the second preset value, indicating that the measured temperature at the last moment of the corresponding straight line segment is stable, stopping the temperature prediction, and completing the temperature measurement.
- the body temperature measurement method is applied to a thermometer.
- the thermometer consists of a probe (including temperature sensor), A/D (Analog Digital analog/digital) sampling, and a microcontroller processor. Firstly, the thermometer is brought into contact with the human body by means of adhesive tape or clamping. After the probe is in close contact with the human body, the heating resistor inside the probe heats the temperature sensor under the control of the processor, so that the temperature sensor can be in a faster time. The internal temperature rises to a certain temperature, which greatly reduces the gap with the actual temperature of the human body and improves the heat exchange speed between the human body and the electronic thermometer.
- the measured temperature is obtained every ⁇ t(s), and the body temperature change trend is obtained as shown in Fig. 4.
- the measured body temperature change curve S1 in the body temperature change trend graph is subjected to a piecewise straight line fitting using the above method to obtain a predicted temperature curve S2.
- a body temperature measuring device in an embodiment includes a preheating module 110, a line fitting module 130, a slope calculating module 150, a temperature prediction module 170, and a termination prediction module 190.
- the pre-heating module 110 is configured to control the measured temperature at each moment according to the preset temperature, and collect the measured temperature at each moment to draw a measured body temperature change curve.
- the straight line fitting module 130 is configured to detect the measured temperature change amount within the preset time length according to the measured body temperature change curve. When the measured temperature change amount is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, the last time corresponding to the preset time length is the initial time, according to the pre-predetermined Set the interval to fit the measured body temperature curve to the straight line segment to obtain a straight line segment.
- the slope calculation module 150 is configured to acquire the slope difference between the front straight line segment and the rear straight line segment in each adjacent straight line segment in chronological order.
- the temperature prediction module 170 is configured to use the initial time as a predicted starting point, and according to the preset temperature compensation amount, the slope difference, and the measured temperature of each time in the straight line segment, respectively, after acquiring the preset time interval after each time delay The time corresponding to the predicted temperature;
- the termination prediction module 190 is configured to detect, according to the slope difference, whether the measured temperature corresponding to the last moment of the straight line segment is stable When the measured temperature at the last moment corresponding to the straight line segment reaches a stable state, the predicted temperature at the corresponding last moment is taken as the final measured temperature.
- the body temperature measuring device controls the measured temperature at each time according to the preset temperature by the preheating module 110, so that the temperature can be raised in a faster time, the heat exchange speed is increased, and the measured temperature at each moment is collected to draw the measured body temperature.
- the change curve; the straight line fitting module 130 detects that the measured temperature change amount within the preset time length is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, and starts the temperature advance prediction: segmenting the measured body temperature change curve to obtain a straight line segment,
- the slope calculation module 150 obtains a slope difference between the front straight line segment and the rear straight line segment in each adjacent straight line segment, and the temperature prediction module 170 obtains each time delay according to the preset temperature compensation amount, the measured temperature and the slope difference at each moment in the straight line segment.
- the termination prediction module 190 performs temperature stability determination: when the measured temperature at the last moment corresponding to the straight line segment is stable, the predicted temperature at the last time corresponding is used as the final measurement temperature.
- the temperature is compensated by the slope difference at the current time to obtain the predicted temperature at the delayed time, which can effectively eliminate the sudden changes caused by human body and external disturbance, and can quickly increase the temperature measurement speed.
- the temperature balance is quickly reached, which greatly saves the time required for measurement, and the body temperature measurement speed is fast, the time is short, and the measurement accuracy is high.
- the slope calculation module 150 is configured to configure a first straight line equation corresponding to a front straight line segment and a second straight line equation corresponding to a straight line segment in each adjacent straight line segment, and calculate the first by using a least squares method. The slope of the line equation and the second line equation, the slope of the first line equation is subtracted from the slope of the second line equation to obtain the slope difference.
- the temperature prediction module 170 includes a ratio calculation unit 171, a predicted temperature acquisition unit 173, and a thermal balance detection unit 175.
- the ratio calculation unit 171 is configured to use the initial time as the prediction starting point, and obtain the corresponding time according to the slope difference between the straight line segment and the adjacent straight line segment at each time and the slope difference between the straight line segment at the initial time and the adjacent straight line segment. The ratio.
- the predicted temperature acquiring unit 173 is configured to obtain, according to the measured temperature of the current time, the ratio corresponding to the current time, and the preset temperature compensation amount, the predicted temperature corresponding to the time after the preset time interval is delayed.
- the heat balance detecting unit 175 is configured to use the next time as the updated current time when the ratio corresponding to the current time is greater than the first preset value, and control the predicted temperature acquiring unit 173 to perform a corresponding function; the corresponding ratio at the current time is smaller than Or equal to the first preset value, the predicted temperature corresponding to the time after the current time is the predicted temperature of the current time.
- the temperature measurement time is greatly shortened, the method is simple, the calculation amount is small, the temperature measurement precision is high, the reaction speed is fast, and the stability is good.
- the predicted temperature obtaining unit 173 acquires the predicted temperature corresponding to the time after the preset time interval is delayed according to the following formula:
- T(t) is the measured temperature at the current time
- ⁇ k is the ratio corresponding to the current time
- ⁇ is the preset temperature compensation amount
- T' is the predicted temperature at the current time.
- the termination prediction module 190 obtains a ratio according to a slope difference between the straight line segment and the adjacent straight line segment, a slope difference between the straight line segment at the initial time and the adjacent straight line segment, and whether the detection ratio is less than or equal to the second pre-predetermined value. A value is set, and when the ratio is less than or equal to the second preset value, it is determined that the measured temperature at the last moment of the corresponding straight line segment is stable.
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Abstract
一种体温测量方法和装置，该方法包括：根据预设温度控制升高各时刻的实测温度，采集实测温度绘制实测体温变化曲线(S110)；若预设时长内的实测温度变化量大于或等于预设阈值，则以对应预设时长的最后时刻为初始时刻，根据预设间隔对实测体温变化曲线进行分段拟合直线得到直线段(S130)；获取各相邻直线段中前一直线段与后一直线段的斜率差(S150)；以初始时刻为预测起始点，根据预设温度补偿量、直线段内各时刻实测温度和斜率差，获取各时刻延迟预设间隔后的时刻的预测温度(S170)；在根据斜率差检测直线段对应最后时刻的实测温度达到稳定时，将对应最后时刻的预测温度作为最终测量温度(S190)。上述体温测量反应快且测量精度高。
Description
本发明涉及分析及测量控制技术领域，特别是涉及一种体温测量方法和装置。
体温测量是测量人体的稳定温度。
传统的测量体温的方法是使用体温计与人体接触，等待一段时间内使体温计的测量温度达到稳定。然而，传统的体温计需要较长时间的缓慢升温，导致其对外界温度的测量耗时长。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对上述问题，提供一种测量速度快、耗时短的体温测量方法和装置。
一种体温测量方法，包括如下步骤：
根据预设温度控制升高各时刻的实测温度，并采集各时刻的实测温度绘制实测体温变化曲线；
根据所述实测体温变化曲线检测预设时长内的实测温度变化量，在所述实测温度变化量大于或等于预设阈值时，以对应预设时长的最后时刻为初始时刻，根据预设间隔对所述实测体温变化曲线进行分段拟合直线，得到直线段；
按照时间先后顺序，获取各相邻直线段中前一直线段与后一直线段的斜率差；
以所述初始时刻为预测起始点，根据预设温度补偿量、所述斜率差和所述直线段内各时刻的实测温度，分别获取各时刻延迟所述预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度；
根据所述斜率差检测所述直线段对应最后时刻的实测温度是否达到稳定，在所述直线段对应最后时刻的实测温度达到稳定时，将对应的最后时刻的预测温度作为最终测量温度。
一种体温测量装置，包括：
预加热模块，用于根据预设温度控制升高各时刻的实测温度，并采集各时刻的实测温度绘制实测体温变化曲线；
直线拟合模块，用于根据所述实测体温变化曲线检测预设时长内的实测温度变化量，在所述实测温度变化量大于或等于预设阈值时，以对应预设时长的最后时刻为初始时刻，根据预设间隔对所述实测体温变化曲线进行分段拟合直线，得到直线段；
斜率计算模块，用于按照时间先后顺序，获取各相邻直线段中前一直线段与后一直线段的斜率差；
温度预测模块，用于以所述初始时刻为预测起始点，根据预设温度补偿量、所述斜率差和所述直线段内各时刻的实测温度，分别获取各时刻延迟所述预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度；
终止预测模块，用于根据所述斜率差检测所述直线段对应最后时刻的实测温度是否达到稳定，在所述直线段对应最后时刻的实测温度达到稳定时，将对应的最后时刻的预测温度作为最终测量温度。
上述体温测量方法和装置，通过根据预设温度控制升高各时刻的实测温度，从而能够在一个较快的时间内升进行升温，提高热交换速度；采集各时刻的实测温度绘制实测体温变化曲线后，以检测到预设时长内的实测温度变化量大于或等于预设阈值为初始时刻，启动温度提前预测：对实测体温变化曲线进行分段拟合直线得到直线段，获取各相邻直线段中前一直线段与后一直线段的斜率差，根据预设温度补偿量、直线段内各时刻的实测温度和斜率差，分别获取各时刻延迟预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度；同时，进行温度稳定判断：在直线段对应的最后时刻的实测温度达到稳定时，将对应的最后时刻的预测温度作为最终测量温度。通过预先升高当前实测温度以较快升温，在当前时刻以斜率差进行温度补偿得到延后时刻的预测温度，不仅能够有效消除人体差异和外界扰动带来的突变，而且能够快速提高测温速度、迅速达到温度的热平衡，从而大大节省了测量所需的时间，体温测量速度快、耗时短且测量精度高。
图1为一实施例中体温测量方法的流程图；
图2为一实施例中按照时间先后为顺序，获取各相邻直线段中前一直线段与后一直线段的斜率差的具体流程图；
图3为一实施例中以初始时刻为预测起始点，根据预设温度补偿量、斜率差和直线段
内各时刻对应的实测温度，分别获取各时刻延迟预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度的具体流程图；
图4为一具体实施例中的体温变化趋势图；
图5为一具体实施例中的对应实测温度曲线和预测温度曲线的图；
图6为一实施例中体温测量装置的模块图；
图7为一实施例中温度预测模块的单元图。
参考图1，一实施例中的体温测量方法，可以应用于体温计，包括如下步骤。
S110：根据预设温度控制升高各时刻的实测温度，并采集各时刻的实测温度绘制实测体温变化曲线。
通过控制升高实测温度获取实测温度变化曲线，可以提高人体与体温计之间的热交换速度。根据预设温度控制升高各时刻的实测温度，指通过额外手段使各时刻获得的实测温度升高，从而加快测量初期温度的上升。额外手段包括但不限于通过处理器控制发热电阻加热体温计的温度传感器，使得温度传感器测得的温度升高。
其中，预设温度指预先设置的需要控制实测温度达到的值，可以根据实际需要具体设置。例如，可以设置预设温度可以为35℃(摄氏度)，则控制各时刻的实测温度升高直至实测温度达到35℃后停止控制。可以理解，在其他实施例中，预设温度也可以为其他数值。
S130：根据实测体温变化曲线检测预设时长内的实测温度变化量，在实测温度变化量大于或等于预设阈值时，以对应预设时长的最后时刻为初始时刻，根据预设间隔对实测体温变化曲线进行分段拟合直线，得到直线段。
实测温度变化量指预设时长对应的结束时刻所对应的实测温度与起始时刻所对应的实测温度之间的温度差。实测温度变化量大于或等于预设阈值，表示温度变化速度较快。对应预设时长的最后时刻，指检测到实测温度变化量大于或等于预设阈值时，该预设时长所在时段中的最后时刻，例如，检测到第4秒至第8秒这一时段内(预设时长为4秒)的实测温度变化量大于预设阈值，则以第8秒为初始时刻。其中，预设时长、预设阈值、预设间隔可以根据实际需要具体设置。本实施例中，预设时长为4秒；预设阈值为2℃；预设间隔为10秒。可以理解，在其他实施例中，预设时长、预设阈值和预设间隔也可以为
其他数值。
步骤S130中根据预设间隔对实测体温变化曲线进行分段拟合直线得到直线段，具体可以是：设计宽度为预设间隔且相邻的第一移动时间窗口和第二移动时间窗口，第一移动时间窗口以初始时刻为起始点、以时间推移为方向移动，第二移动时间窗口跟随移动，对第一移动时间窗口内的实测体温变化曲线拟合为直线得到直线段，将第二移动时间窗口内的实测体温变化曲线拟合为直线得到与前一直线段相邻的直线段。可以理解，在其他的实施例中，也可以采用其他方式分段拟合直线。
S150：按照时间先后顺序，获取各相邻直线段中前一直线段与后一直线段的斜率差。
前一直线段指相邻直线段中时间靠前的直线段，后一直线段指相邻直线段中时间靠后的直线段。
S170：以初始时刻为预测起始点，根据预设温度补偿量、斜率差和直线段内各时刻的实测温度，分别获取各时刻延迟预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度。
其中，预设温度补偿量指在温度预测的过程中对实测温度进行补偿的温度值，可以根据实际需要具体设置。例如，本实施例中，基于历史温度数据库进行统计分析，得出历史初始时刻的温度与历史最终测量温度之间的温度差异的平均值，作为预设温度补偿量。
通过根据预设温度补偿量、斜率差和实测温度获取各时刻延迟预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度，实现提前获知未到时刻的温度，加快体温测量速度。
S190：根据斜率差检测直线段对应最后时刻的实测温度是否达到稳定，在直线段对应最后时刻的实测温度达到稳定时，将对应的最后时刻的预测温度作为最终测量温度。
步骤S130和步骤S190可以同时进行，例如步骤S130中以初始时刻为起始点得到两条直线段对应为第一条直线段和第二条直线段，通过步骤S150计算两条直线段的斜率差后，以第一条直线段为预测对象，执行步骤S170计算第一条直线段内各时刻对应延迟预设间隔后的时刻的预测温度，然后执行步骤S190，在第一条直线段的最后时刻的实测温度没达到稳定时，返回执行步骤S130，对第二条直线段之后的实测体温变化曲线进行直线拟合得到第三条直线段，通过步骤S150计算第二条直线段与第三条直线段的斜率差，以第二条直线段为预测对象，执行步骤S170计算第二条直线段内各时刻延迟预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度，执行步骤S190，在第二条直线段的最后时刻的实测温度没达到稳定时，返回步骤S130获取第四条直线段，如此循环，直到某一直线段对应最后时刻的实测温度
达到稳定，将对应的最后时刻的预测温度作为最终测量温度。可以理解，在其他实施例中，也可以是在执行完步骤S130和步骤S150获得多条直线段之间的斜率差之后再针对这些直线段执行步骤S170和步骤S190。
上述体温测量方法，通过根据预设温度控制升高各时刻的实测温度，从而能够在一个较快的时间内升进行升温，提高热交换速度；采集各时刻的实测温度绘制实测体温变化曲线后，以检测到预设时长内的实测温度变化量大于或等于预设阈值为初始时刻，启动温度提前预测：对实测体温变化曲线进行分段拟合直线得到直线段，获取各相邻直线段中前一直线段与后一直线段的斜率差，根据预设温度补偿量、直线段内各时刻的实测温度和斜率差，分别获取各时刻延迟预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度；同时，进行温度稳定判断：在直线段对应的最后时刻的实测温度达到稳定时，将对应的最后时刻的预测温度作为最终测量温度。通过预先升高当前实测温度以较快升温，在当前时刻以斜率差进行温度补偿得到延后时刻的预测温度，不仅能够有效消除人体差异和外界扰动带来的突变，而且能够快速提高测温速度、迅速达到温度的热平衡，从而大大节省了测量所需的时间，体温测量速度快、耗时短且测量精度高。
在一实施例中，步骤S110之前还包括：检测是否接收到测量开启指令，若接收到测量开启指令，则执行步骤S110。
测量开启指令可以通过按键触发，例如，体温计上设置有开始测温按键，当用户使用体温计接触人体皮肤后，按压开始测温按键，即可触发测量开启指令；测量开启指令也可以是在检测到体温计的温度传感器反馈测量的温度上升后触发，例如，当用户使用体温计接触人体皮肤后，体温计的温度传感器会反馈测量的温度上升，此时可触发测量开启信号。通过先检测是否有测量开启信号后，再执行步骤S110，可以避免未启动而误操作。
在一实施例中，步骤S110中采集各时刻的实测温度，具体为按照预设周期采集各时刻的实测温度。其中，预设周期可以根据实际需要具体设置。可以理解，在其他实施例中，也可以采用其他方式采集实测温度，例如可以是实时采集。
在一实施例中，参考图2，步骤S150包括步骤S151至步骤S155。
S151：配置各相邻直线段中前一直线段所对应的第一直线方程和后一直线段所对应的第二直线方程。
S153：利用最小二乘法计算第一直线方程和第二直线方程的斜率。
S155：将第一直线方程的斜率减去第二直线方程的斜率得到斜率差。
通过利用最小二乘法实现对拟合直线计算斜率以获得斜率差，相比于传统的采用对数函数对其进行拟合可以有效消除人体差异和外界扰动带来的突变，拟合效果好，数据测量更准确。
例如，一具体实施例中，配置第一直线方程为：
T(t)＝k1t+b1t∈[t1,t2]；
配置第一直线方程为：
T(t)＝k2t+b2t∈[t2,t3]
其中，t为时刻，t1为前一直线段的起始时间，t2为前一直线段的终止时间，即后一直线段的起始时间，t3为后一直线段的终止时间，k1为前一直线段的斜率，k2为后一直线段的斜率，b1为前一直线段的截距，b2为后一直线段的截距，T(t)为t时刻对应的实测温度。
根据如下公式计算得到斜率和截距：
其中，ti直线段内的某一时刻，Ti为ti对应的实测温度，n为预设间隔对应的数值。
可以理解，在其他实施例中，还可以采用其他方式计算前一直线段和后一直线段的斜率，例如特定点法：从直线段中选取两个时刻及对应的温度值，计算两个时刻的温度差值与两个时刻对应的时长的比值，得到该直线段的斜率。
在其中一实施例中，参考图3，步骤S170包括：
S171：以初始时刻为预测起始点，根据各时刻所在直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差以及初始时刻所在直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差，分别获取各时刻对应的比值。
各时刻对应的比值指各时刻所在直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差、初始时刻所在直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差的比值。即，将初始时刻所在直线段与相邻后一时刻所在直线段的斜率差最为归一化尺度的最大值，对各直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差进行归一化。例如，若初始时刻所在直线段与相邻后一时刻所在直线段的斜率差为Δk0，则各时刻对应的比值为Δkx/Δk0，其中，Δkx为x时刻所在直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差。
S173：根据当前时刻的实测温度、当前时刻对应的比值以及预设温度补偿量，获取当前时刻延迟预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度。
S175：若当前时刻对应的比值大于第一预设值，将下一时刻作为更新后的当前时刻，并返回步骤S173。
其中，第一预设值与体温计硬件和传感器参数有关，可以在实际数据中确定。当前时刻对应的比值大于第一预设值，表示当前时刻对应的实测温度还有上升的趋势，则返回步骤S173继续进行温度补偿和预测。
S177：若当前时刻对应的比值小于或等于第一预设值，保持当前时刻之后的时刻的预测温度为当前时刻的预测温度。
当前时刻对应的比值小于或等于第一预设值，表示当前时刻对应的实测温度上升趋势很小，大体上趋于稳定，则停止温度补偿和预测，将后续时刻的预测温度保持为当前时刻的预测温度。
通过利用斜率差、预设温度补偿量来补偿实测温度，大大缩短测温时长，方法简单、计算量又少，测温精度高、反应速度快、稳定性佳。
在其中一实施例中，步骤S173具体为：
T'＝T(t)+Δk*α；
其中，T(t)为当前时刻的实测温度，Δk为当前时刻对应的比值，α为预设温度补偿量，T'为当前时刻的预测温度。
在其中一实施例中，步骤S190包括步骤(a1)和步骤(a2)。
步骤(a1)：根据直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差、初始时刻所在直线段与相邻后一
直线段的斜率差获取比值。
步骤(a2)：检测比值是否小于或等于第二预设值，当比值小于或等于第二预设值时判定对应直线段的最后时刻的实测温度达到稳定。
其中，第二预设值与体温计硬件和传感器参数有关，可以在实际数据中确定。第二预设值小于第一预设值。比值小于或等于第二预设值，表示对应直线段的最后时刻的实测温度稳定，停止温度预测，完成此次温度测量。
一具体实施例中，将体温测量方法应用于体温计。体温计由探头(包含温度传感器)、A/D(Analog Digital模拟/数字)采样和单片机处理器组成。首先，通过胶贴或者夹紧的方式，将体温计与人体接触，在探头与人体紧密接触之后，探头内的发热电阻在处理器的控制下加热温度传感器，使得温度传感器能够在一个较快的时间内升温到一定温度，大大缩减了与人体实际温度的差距，提高了人体和电子体温计之间的热交换速度。其次，每隔δt(s)获得采样实测温度，得到体温变化趋势图如图4所示。参考图5，采用上述方法对体温变化趋势图中的实测体温变化曲线S1进行分段直线拟合，得到预测温度曲线S2。
参考图6，一实施例中的一种体温测量装置，包括预加热模块110、直线拟合模块130、斜率计算模块150、温度预测模块170和终止预测模块190。
预加热模块110用于根据预设温度控制升高各时刻的实测温度，并采集各时刻的实测温度绘制实测体温变化曲线。
直线拟合模块130用于根据实测体温变化曲线检测预设时长内的实测温度变化量，在实测温度变化量大于或等于预设阈值时，以对应预设时长的最后时刻为初始时刻，根据预设间隔对实测体温变化曲线进行分段拟合直线，得到直线段。
斜率计算模块150用于按照时间先后顺序，获取各相邻直线段中前一直线段与后一直线段的斜率差。
温度预测模块170用于以所述初始时刻为预测起始点，根据预设温度补偿量、所述斜率差和所述直线段内各时刻的实测温度，分别获取各时刻延迟所述预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度；
终止预测模块190用于根据斜率差检测直线段对应最后时刻的实测温度是否达到稳
定，在直线段对应最后时刻的实测温度达到稳定时，将对应的最后时刻的预测温度作为最终测量温度。
上述体温测量装置，通过预加热模块110根据预设温度控制升高各时刻的实测温度，从而能够在一个较快的时间内升进行升温，提高热交换速度，采集各时刻的实测温度绘制实测体温变化曲线；直线拟合模块130以检测到预设时长内的实测温度变化量大于或等于预设阈值为初始时刻，启动温度提前预测：对实测体温变化曲线进行分段拟合直线得到直线段，斜率计算模块150获取各相邻直线段中前一直线段与后一直线段的斜率差，温度预测模块170根据预设温度补偿量、直线段内各时刻的实测温度和斜率差，分别获取各时刻延迟预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度；同时，终止预测模块190进行温度稳定判断：在直线段对应的最后时刻的实测温度达到稳定时，将对应的最后时刻的预测温度作为最终测量温度。通过预先升高当前实测温度以较快升温，在当前时刻以斜率差进行温度补偿得到延后时刻的预测温度，不仅能够有效消除人体差异和外界扰动带来的突变，而且能够快速提高测温速度、迅速达到温度的热平衡，从而大大节省了测量所需的时间，体温测量速度快、耗时短且测量精度高。
在其中一实施例中，斜率计算模块150用于配置各相邻直线段中前一直线段所对应的第一直线方程和后一直线段所对应的第二直线方程，利用最小二乘法计算第一直线方程和第二直线方程的斜率，将第一直线方程的斜率减去第二直线方程的斜率得到斜率差。
在其中一实施例中，参考图7，温度预测模块170包括比值计算单元171、预测温度获取单元173和热平衡检测单元175。
比值计算单元171用于以初始时刻为预测起始点，根据各时刻所在直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差以及初始时刻所在直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差，分别获取各时刻对应的比值。
预测温度获取单元173用于根据当前时刻的实测温度、当前时刻对应的比值以及预设温度补偿量，获取当前时刻延迟预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度。
热平衡检测单元175用于在当前时刻对应的比值大于第一预设值时，将下一时刻作为更新后的当前时刻，并控制预测温度获取单元173执行相应的功能；在当前时刻对应的比值小于或等于第一预设值时，保持当前时刻之后的时刻对应的预测温度为当前时刻的预测温度。
通过利用斜率差、预设温度补偿量来补偿实测温度，大大缩短测温时长，方法简单、计算量又少，测温精度高、反应速度快、稳定性佳。
在其中一实施例中，预测温度获取单元173根据如下公式来获取当前时刻延迟预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度：
T'＝T(t)+Δk*α；
其中，T(t)为当前时刻的实测温度，Δk为当前时刻对应的比值，α为预设温度补偿量，T'为当前时刻的预测温度。
在其中一实施例中，终止预测模块190根据直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差、初始时刻所在直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差获取比值，检测比值是否小于或等于第二预设值，当比值小于或等于第二预设值时判定对应直线段的最后时刻的实测温度达到稳定。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
- 一种体温测量方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：根据预设温度控制升高各时刻的实测温度，并采集各时刻的实测温度绘制实测体温变化曲线；根据所述实测体温变化曲线检测预设时长内的实测温度变化量，在所述实测温度变化量大于或等于预设阈值时，以对应预设时长的最后时刻为初始时刻，根据预设间隔对所述实测体温变化曲线进行分段拟合直线，得到直线段；按照时间先后顺序，获取各相邻直线段中前一直线段与后一直线段的斜率差；以所述初始时刻为预测起始点，根据预设温度补偿量、所述斜率差和所述直线段内各时刻的实测温度，分别获取各时刻延迟所述预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度；根据所述斜率差检测所述直线段对应最后时刻的实测温度是否达到稳定，在所述直线段对应最后时刻的实测温度达到稳定时，将对应的最后时刻的预测温度作为最终测量温度。
- 根据权利要求1所述的体温测量方法，其特征在于，所述按照时间先后顺序，获取各相邻直线段中前一直线段与后一直线段的斜率差，包括：配置各相邻直线段中前一直线段所对应的第一直线方程和后一直线段所对应的第二直线方程；利用最小二乘法计算所述第一直线方程和所述第二直线方程的斜率；将所述第一直线方程的斜率减去所述第二直线方程的斜率得到所述斜率差。
- 根据权利要求1所述的体温测量方法，其特征在于，所述以所述初始时刻为预测起始点，根据预设温度补偿量、所述斜率差和所述直线段内各时刻的实测温度，分别获取各时刻延迟所述预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度，包括：以所述初始时刻为预测起始点，根据各时刻所在直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差以及所述初始时刻所在直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差，分别获取各时刻对应的比值；根据当前时刻的实测温度、所述当前时刻对应的比值以及所述预设温度补偿量，获取所述当前时刻延迟所述预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度；若所述当前时刻对应的比值大于第一预设值，将下一时刻作为更新后的当前时刻，并返回所述根据当前时刻的实测温度、所述当前时刻对应的比值以及所述预设温度补偿量， 获取所述当前时刻延迟所述预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度的步骤；若所述当前时刻对应的比值小于或等于所述第一预设值，保持所述当前时刻之后的时刻的预测温度为所述当前时刻的预测温度。
- 根据权利要求3所述的体温测量方法，其特征在于，所述根据当前时刻的实测温度、所述当前时刻对应的比值以及所述预设温度补偿量，获取所述当前时刻延迟所述预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度，具体为：T'＝T(t)+Δk*α；其中，T(t)为所述当前时刻的实测温度，Δk为所述当前时刻对应的比值，α为所述预设温度补偿量，T'为所述当前时刻的预测温度。
- 根据权利要求1所述的体温测量方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述斜率差检测所述直线段对应最后时刻的实测温度是否达到稳定的步骤包括：根据所述直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差、所述初始时刻所在直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差获取比值；检测所述比值是否小于或等于第二预设值，当所述比值小于或等于所述第二预设值时判定对应直线段的最后时刻的实测温度达到稳定。
- 一种体温测量装置，其特征在于，包括：预加热模块，用于根据预设温度控制升高各时刻的实测温度，并采集各时刻的实测温度绘制实测体温变化曲线；直线拟合模块，用于根据所述实测体温变化曲线检测预设时长内的实测温度变化量，在所述实测温度变化量大于或等于预设阈值时，以对应预设时长的最后时刻为初始时刻，根据预设间隔对所述实测体温变化曲线进行分段拟合直线，得到直线段；斜率计算模块，用于按照时间先后顺序，获取各相邻直线段中前一直线段与后一直线段的斜率差；温度预测模块，用于以所述初始时刻为预测起始点，根据预设温度补偿量、所述斜率差和所述直线段内各时刻的实测温度，分别获取各时刻延迟所述预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度；终止预测模块，用于根据所述斜率差检测所述直线段对应最后时刻的实测温度是否达到稳定，在所述直线段对应最后时刻的实测温度达到稳定时，将对应的最后时刻的预测温 度作为最终测量温度。
- 根据权利要求6所述的体温测量装置，其特征在于，所述斜率计算模块用于配置各相邻直线段中前一直线段所对应的第一直线方程和后一直线段所对应的第二直线方程，利用最小二乘法计算所述第一直线方程和所述第二直线方程的斜率，将所述第一直线方程的斜率减去所述第二直线方程的斜率得到所述斜率差。
- 根据权利要求6所述的体温测量装置，其特征在于，所述温度预测模块包括：比值计算单元，用于以所述初始时刻为预测起始点，根据各时刻所在直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差以及所述初始时刻所在直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差，分别获取各时刻对应的比值；预测温度获取单元，用于根据当前时刻的实测温度、所述当前时刻对应的比值以及所述预设温度补偿量，获取所述当前时刻延迟所述预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度；热平衡检测单元，用于在所述当前时刻对应的比值大于第一预设值时，将下一时刻作为更新后的当前时刻，并控制所述预测温度获取单元执行相应的功能；在所述当前时刻对应的比值小于或等于所述第一预设值时，保持所述当前时刻之后的时刻对应的预测温度为所述当前时刻的预测温度。
- 根据权利要求8所述的体温测量装置，其特征在于，所述预测温度获取单元根据如下公式来获取当前时刻延迟所述预设间隔后的时刻对应的预测温度：T'＝T(t)+Δk*α；其中，T(t)为当前时刻的实测温度，Δk为所述当前时刻对应的比值，α为所述预设温度补偿量，T'为所述当前时刻的预测温度。
- 根据权利要求6所述的体温测量装置，其特征在于，所述终止预测模块根据所述直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差、所述初始时刻所在直线段与相邻后一直线段的斜率差获取比值，检测所述比值是否小于或等于第二预设值，当所述比值小于或等于所述第二预设值时判定对应直线段的最后时刻的实测温度达到稳定。
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