WO2017190658A1 - 直流电机 - Google Patents

直流电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017190658A1
WO2017190658A1 PCT/CN2017/082874 CN2017082874W WO2017190658A1 WO 2017190658 A1 WO2017190658 A1 WO 2017190658A1 CN 2017082874 W CN2017082874 W CN 2017082874W WO 2017190658 A1 WO2017190658 A1 WO 2017190658A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
printed circuit
circuit board
stator
disposed
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PCT/CN2017/082874
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周翔
Original Assignee
周劲松
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Application filed by 周劲松 filed Critical 周劲松
Publication of WO2017190658A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017190658A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/18—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with ribs or fins for improving heat transfer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electromechanical, in particular to a direct current motor.
  • DC motors are mainly divided into DC brush motor and DC brushless motor according to type.
  • DC brushless motor also includes DC brushless rare earth permanent magnet motor.
  • Most of the existing brushless rare earth permanent magnet motors use radial magnetic lines to make the rotor drive motor. The shaft rotates to obtain mechanical energy.
  • stator or the rotor of the existing DC brushless rare earth permanent magnet motor is wound by copper enameled wire, and the disadvantages thereof include:
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a DC motor that changes a conventional radial magnetic line into an axial magnetic line and a multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB) structure;
  • a heat conducting layer is disposed on the multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) structure, and the heat conducting layer is used to effectively reduce the heat generated by the stator during operation of such a DC motor.
  • the present invention provides a DC motor comprising: a motor housing; a motor shaft extending in the front-rear direction and rotatably passing through the motor housing about its own axis; a rotor, the rotor being disposed on the motor Inside the housing, and sleeved on the motor shaft; a stator sleeved on the motor shaft and fixed in the motor housing; the rotor generates an axial magnetic force through the stator, Rotating in the axial direction of the stator to drive the motor shaft to rotate about its own axis; wherein the stator is a multilayer printed circuit board structure, and each two layers of printed circuit boards are electrically connected; the heat conducting layer is disposed on the same In the printed circuit board of the multilayer printed circuit board structure, the heat conducting layer is connected to an inner wall of the motor housing or to an outer heat sink provided on the motor housing.
  • the thermally conductive layer is disposed to conform to the surface or interior of the multilayer printed circuit board structure.
  • the thermally conductive layer is disposed in an amount of at least one layer.
  • the structure of the heat conducting layer is a sheet structure, a mesh structure or a grid structure.
  • the number of printed circuit boards in the multilayer printed circuit board structure is at least three layers.
  • the present invention also provides a DC motor comprising: a motor housing; a motor shaft extending in the front-rear direction and rotatably passing through the motor housing about its own axis; a rotor, the rotor being disposed in the a motor housing, and sleeved on the motor shaft; a stator sleeved on the motor shaft and fixed in the motor housing; an axial magnetic force generated by the rotor through the stator, Rotating axially relative to the stator to drive the motor shaft to rotate about its own axis; wherein the stator is a multilayer printed circuit board structure and a plurality of miniatures arranged in a circumferential arrangement are disposed outside the multilayer printed circuit board structure a coil, and electrically connected between each two layers of printed circuit boards; a heat conducting layer disposed on a printed circuit board disposed in the multilayer printed circuit board structure, the heat conducting layer being coupled to an inner wall of the motor housing or It is connected to an external heat sink provided on the motor casing.
  • the number of the microcoils is at least two.
  • the thermally conductive layer is disposed to conform to the surface or interior of the multilayer printed circuit board structure.
  • the thermally conductive layer is disposed in an amount of at least one layer.
  • the structure of the heat conducting layer is a sheet structure, a mesh structure or a grid structure.
  • the DC motor of the invention changes the direction of the radial magnetic line of the conventional motor to the direction of the axial magnetic line, which greatly shortens the axial dimension of the motor, reduces the volume, reduces the weight, saves a large amount of copper, reduces the material cost and The manufacturing cost; and in the multilayer printed circuit board structure, a heat conducting layer is provided as needed, which can effectively reduce the internal heat of the motor and improve the working efficiency, service life and reliability of the motor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a DC motor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a stator of a DC motor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a second schematic structural view of a stator of a DC motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a printed circuit board of a DC motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a rotor of a DC motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a printed circuit board of a DC motor according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a stator structure of a DC motor according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a second schematic structural view of a stator of a DC motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a DC motor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a stator of a DC motor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a stator structure of a DC motor according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as 1 and referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the present invention provides a DC motor comprising: a motor housing 1 on which a motor shaft 2 is disposed, the motor shaft 2 extending in the front-rear direction and winding
  • the motor shaft 1 is rotatably disposed on the motor housing 1 , and a rotor 4 and a stator 3 are disposed in the motor housing 1 .
  • the rotor 4 and the stator 3 are sleeved on the motor shaft 2 , and the rotor 4
  • the axial magnetic force generated by the stator 3 is rotated relative to the stator 3 to drive the motor shaft 2 to rotate about its own axis.
  • 5 is a schematic structural view of a rotor of a DC motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the rotor 4 includes a plurality of N poles and a plurality of S pole magnets, and the N pole magnets and the S pole magnets are alternately arranged circumferentially.
  • the rotor 4 is used to generate magnetic lines of force, which may be made of a rare earth permanent magnet. It should be noted that the number of magnetic poles on the rotor 4 can be set by those skilled in the art according to actual work requirements.
  • the stator 3 is a multilayer printed circuit board (PCB board) structure, and the number of the printed circuit boards 31 in the multilayer printed circuit board structure is at least 3 layers, and each layer of the printed circuit board 31 is provided. There is an electric circuit arranged to generate a magnetic field, and each two printed circuit boards 31 are electrically connected.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a printed circuit board of the DC motor according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, a guide hole A and a guide hole B are disposed on each of the working turns on the printed circuit board 31, and each of the working turns passes through the guide hole A and the guide hole B and another layer.
  • the working wires on the printed circuit board are connected in parallel, that is, the working wires on the same layer of printed circuit boards are connected in series, and the working wires on the printed circuit boards of different layers are connected in parallel.
  • each printed circuit board is provided with only a pair of via holes A and via holes B.
  • the printed circuit board structure of the present invention can effectively reduce the pilot hole current pressure and reduce the production of the printed circuit board during operation. The heat.
  • the first working turns 311 and the third working turns 312 are associated with magnetic poles on the rotor 4. Only one of the four twisted wires is shown on the printed circuit board of one layer in Fig. 4. Of course, the number of twisted wires depends on the performance requirements of the DC motor, and is not limited to the number of twisted wires in this embodiment.
  • the printed circuit board 31 interconnects a plurality of printed circuit boards 31 by an insulating bonding material to form a plurality of layers A printed circuit board.
  • Those skilled in the art can set the number of layers of the printed circuit board 31 as needed.
  • changing the direction of the magnetic field from the direction of the conventional radial magnetic field to the direction of the axial magnetic field can reduce the loss of the stator and satisfy the output of the AC power.
  • a heat conducting layer 32 is disposed on the printed circuit board in the multilayer printed circuit board structure, and the heat conductive layer 32 can be disposed on the surface of the multilayer printed circuit board structure (as shown in FIG. 2);
  • the heat dissipation layer 32 can also be disposed inside the multilayer printed circuit board structure, that is, the heat conductive layer 32 is disposed between the printed circuit boards 31 (as shown in FIG. 3); further,
  • the heat is preferably radiated, and the heat conducting layer 32 is connected to the inner wall of the motor casing 1 or to an outer fin (not shown) provided on the motor casing 1.
  • the heat conducting layer 32 is made of a non-metal material having good thermal conductivity (for example, graphite, silica gel, heat conductive tape, thermal paste or ceramic, etc.), and the heat conducting layer 32 has a structure of a sheet structure or a mesh structure. Or grid structure.
  • the substrate of the printed circuit board may be a ceramic substrate, an aluminum substrate, an alumina ceramic substrate or an aluminum nitride ceramic substrate.
  • the number of the heat conductive layers 32 is at least one layer, and those skilled in the art can set the number of the heat conductive layers 32 according to actual conditions.
  • thermal conductive layers 32 are disposed to guide heat to the motor casing, which can effectively reduce the temperature of the printed circuit board, thereby reducing the problem of the entire DC motor and improving the working efficiency of the motor. Extended service life.
  • the multilayer printed circuit board (PCB board) 31 in the stator 3 is energized, and an electric current is generated, and the first working twist line 311 is energized and generated electromagnetic.
  • the pole N pole repels the N pole on the rotor 4, and the repulsive force causes the rotor 4 to be displaced.
  • the S stage on the rotor 4 is attracted to the N pole of the electromagnetic pole on the first working twist line 311, and the suction force causes the rotor 4 to be attracted.
  • the electromagnetic poles on the stator 3 and the magnetic poles on the rotor 4 repel or attract each other, that is, the magnetic field on the rotor 4 and the amperage generated by the current on the stator 3 cause the rotor 4 to be relative to the stator 3.
  • Rotating axially along the motor shaft 2 (the working principle of the DC motor is prior art, which will not be described in detail herein), generating mechanical kinetic energy to drive the motor shaft 2 to rotate about its own axis; when the stator 3 is energized, it will be generated.
  • a large amount of heat increases the amount of heat inside the DC motor.
  • a heat conductive layer 32 is disposed on the surface or inside the stator 3, and the heat inside the stator 3 is led out and passed through the motor casing 1 or Set on the motor housing 1 Sheet heat dissipated to the outside, thereby reducing the heat inside the motor.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a printed circuit board of a DC motor according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a stator of a DC motor according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a stator of a DC motor according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; 2, as shown in FIG. 6 and with reference to FIG. 4, FIG. 7, and FIG. 8, the present invention further provides a DC motor.
  • the structure of the DC motor in this embodiment is basically the same as that of the DC motor of the embodiment.
  • a plurality of micro-coils 313 arranged in a circumferential shape are disposed on the outermost printed circuit board in the multilayer printed circuit board structure, further The positive end of the micro-coil 313 on the outermost printed circuit board is electrically connected to the positive end of the printed circuit board (not shown in the drawing, and the positive end of the twisted wire and the positive end of the printed circuit board in FIG.
  • each of the micro coils and each of the working turns are provided with a guiding hole A and a guiding hole B, when the printed circuit board is turned on, the current enters the first coil 311' through the arrow as shown The direction flows to the third coil 312', and so on, until current flows through all of the coils disposed on the printed circuit board 31'.
  • the current is turned on, when current flows through the first coil 311', current flows through the via hole A and the via hole B through the ⁇ line 3111' and the ⁇ line 3112' in parallel with the first coil 311'.
  • each printed circuit board is provided with only a pair of via holes A and via holes B.
  • the printed circuit board structure of the present invention can effectively reduce the pilot hole current pressure and reduce the production of the printed circuit board during operation. The heat.
  • the first coil 311' and the third coil 312' are associated with one magnetic pole on the rotor 4. Only one of the four coils is shown on the printed circuit board of FIG. 4. Of course, the number of coils depends on the performance requirements of the DC motor, and is not limited to the number of turns in this embodiment. (on one outer side or both outer sides of a multilayer printed circuit board structure).
  • the printed circuit board 31' in this embodiment adopts a peripheral power-on circuit (micro-coil 313), which is not limited by the volume of the printed circuit board, and can increase the number of micro-coils 313 as needed, thereby increasing the magnetic field strength and torque, and improving the direct current.
  • the power of the motor is not limited by the volume of the printed circuit board, and can increase the number of micro-coils 313 as needed, thereby increasing the magnetic field strength and torque, and improving the direct current.
  • the working principle is basically the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • each layer of the printed circuit board 31' in the stator is energized, so that the micro-coil 313 generates an axial magnetic line.
  • the rotor is along the motor axis with respect to the stator.
  • a heat conducting layer 32' is disposed on the surface or inside of the stator, and heat inside the stator is led out and radiated to the outside through a motor casing or a heat sink disposed on the motor casing, thereby reducing heat inside the motor.
  • the DC motor of the present invention changes the radial magnetic direction of the conventional motor to the axial magnetic direction, which causes a fundamental change in the structure of the motor.
  • the stator is a multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB board) structure, and a heat conducting layer is disposed on the stator, which can effectively reduce the internal heat of the motor and improve the working efficiency, service life and reliability of the motor.
  • PCB board printed circuit board

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)

Abstract

一种直流电机，包括：电机外壳(1)，沿前后方向延伸且绕自身轴线可转动地穿设在电机外壳上的电机轴(2)，套设在电机轴上并且设置在电机外壳内的转子(4)，套设在电机轴上并固定在电机外壳内的定子(3)，贴合设置在多层印刷电路板(31)结构中的印刷电路板上的导热层(32)；定子为多层印刷电路板结构，并且每两层之间的印刷电路板电性连接；导热层与电机外壳的内壁连接或与电机外壳上设置的外散热片连接。该直流电机，将传统电机的径向磁力线方向改为轴向磁力线方向，在由多层印刷电路板组成的定子上设置了导热层，有效降低电机内部热量，提高电机工作效率、使用寿命和可靠性。

Description

直流电机 技术领域
本发明涉属于机电领域，尤其涉及一种直流电机。
背景技术
直流电机按类型主要分为直流有刷电机和直流无刷电机，直流无刷电机又包括直流无刷稀土永磁电机，现有的无刷稀土永磁电机大多是利用径向磁力线使转子驱动电机轴转动，从而获得机械能。
另外，现有的直流无刷稀土永磁电机的定子、或者转子都是用铜漆包线绕制而成的，其缺点包括：
1)在制作上需大量铜材来绕制铜漆包线圈，制作过程中费时、费力，人工成本比较高；
2)整个电机体积和重量增大，材料成本高，也提高了制造成本；
3)电机在工作中，其发热量较大，使得电机在高温的环境下工作效率降低；并且电路容易因过热而烧毁，从而降低电机的使用寿命和可靠性。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有技术的不足，提供一种直流电机，将传统的径向磁力线改变为轴向磁力线，并且定子采用多层印刷电路板(PCB板)结构；另外，在多层印刷电路板(PCB板)结构上贴合设置有导热层，通过该导热层，来有效地降低此类直流电机工作时定子所产生的热量。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是通过如下技术方案实现的：
本发明提供一种直流电机，包括：电机外壳；电机轴，所述电机轴沿前后方向延伸且绕自身轴线可转动地穿设在所述电机外壳上；转子，所述转子设置在所述电机外壳内，并且套设在所述电机轴上；定子，所述定子套设在所述电机轴上，并且固定在所述电机外壳内；所述转子通过所述定子产生的轴向磁力，相对于定子轴向旋转，以驱动所述电机轴绕自身轴线转动；其中，所述定子为多层印刷电路板结构，并且每两层印刷电路板之间电性连接；导热层，贴合设置在所述多层印刷电路板结构中的印刷电路板上，所述导热层与所述电机外壳的内壁连接或与所述电机外壳上设置的外散热片连接。
更好地，所述导热层贴合设置在所述多层印刷电路板结构的表面或内部。
更好地，所述导热层的设置数量至少为一层。
更好地，所述导热层的结构为片状结构、网状结构或栅型结构。
更好地，所述多层印刷电路板结构中的印刷电路板设置的数量至少为3层。
本发明还提供一种直流电机，包括：电机外壳；电机轴，所述电机轴沿前后方向延伸且绕自身轴线可转动地穿设在所述电机外壳上；转子，所述转子设置在所述电机外壳内，并且套设在所述电机轴上；定子，所述定子套设在所述电机轴上，并且固定在所述电机外壳内；所述转子通过所述定子产生的轴向磁力，相对于定子轴向旋转，以驱动所述电机轴绕自身轴线转动；其中，所述定子为多层印刷电路板结构并且在该多层印刷电路板结构的外侧设置呈圆周型排列的多个微型线圈，并且每两层印刷电路板之间电性连接；导热层，贴合设置在所述多层印刷电路板结构中的印刷电路板上，所述导热层与所述电机外壳的内壁连接或与所述电机外壳上设置的外散热片连接。
更好地，所述微型线圈的设置数量至少为2个。
更好地，所述导热层贴合设置在所述多层印刷电路板结构的表面或内部。
更好地，所述导热层的设置数量至少为一层。
更好地，所述导热层的结构为片状结构、网状结构或栅型结构。
本发明的直流电机，把传统电机的径向磁力线方向改为轴向磁力线方向，大大地缩短了电机的轴向尺寸，体积变小、重量减轻，节省了大量的铜材，降低了材料成本和制作成本；并且在多层印刷电路板结构中，按需设置了导热层，可有效的降低电机内部热量，提高电机工作效率、使用寿命和可靠性。
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细地说明。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一直流电机的内部结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例一直流电机的定子结构示意图之一；
图3为本发明实施例一直流电机的定子结构示意图之二；
图4为本发明实施例一直流电机的印刷电路板结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例一直流电机的转子结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例二直流电机的印刷电路板结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例二直流电机定子结构示意图之一；
图8为本发明实施例二直流电机定子结构示意图之二。
具体实施方式
实施例一
图1为本发明实施例一直流电机的内部结构示意图，图2为本发明实施例一直流电机的定子结构示意图之一，图3为本发明实施例一直流电机的定子结构示意图之二，如图1并参考图2和图3所示，本发明提供一种直流电机，包括：电机外壳1，在所述电机外壳1上设置一电机轴2，所述电机轴2沿前后方向延伸且绕自身轴线可转动地穿设在所述电机外壳1上，在电机外壳1内还设置有转子4和定子3，所述转子4和定子3套设在所述电机轴2上，所述转子4通过定子3产生的轴向磁力，相对于所述定子3旋转，以驱动所述电机轴2绕自身轴线转动。图5为本发明实施例一直流电机的转子结构示意图，如图5所示，所述转子4包括多个N极和多个S极磁铁，且N极磁铁和S极磁铁交替周向排列，所述转子4用于产生磁力线，其材质可以为稀土永磁体。需要说明的是，本领域技术人员可根据实际工作需要，设置转子4上的磁极个数。
其中，所述定子3为多层印刷电路板(PCB板)结构，所述多层印刷电路板结构中的印刷电路板31设置的数量至少为3层，并且每一层印刷电路板31内都有布置通电回路用来产生磁场，每两层印刷电路板31之间电性连接，具体地说，图4为本发明实施例一直流电机的印刷电路板部分结构示意图。如图4所示，在所述印刷电路板31上每一个工作匝线上都设置有导孔A和导孔B，每一个工作匝线通过所述导孔A和导孔B与另一层印刷电路板电性上的工作匝线并联连接，即同层印刷电路板上的工作匝线串联，不同层印刷电路板上的工作匝线并联。
请再次参考图4所示，当工作匝线接通电流时，电流从通过正极端进入第一工作匝线311经如图所示的箭头方向流向第三工作匝线312，以此类推，直到电流流过印刷电路板31上设置的所有匝线。在接通电流时，当电流流经第一工作匝线311时，电流通过导孔A和导孔B流经与所述第一工作匝线311并联的匝线3111和匝线3112。与现有技术每一层印刷电路板只设有一对导孔A和导孔B相比，本发明的印刷电路板结构可以有效地减小导孔电流压力，降低印刷电路板在工作时所产生的热量。
所述第一工作匝线311和第三工作匝线312与所述转子4上的磁极相关联。图4中一层印刷电路板上只显示了4个匝线，当然匝线的数量取决于直流电机的性能需求，不以本实施例中的匝线数量为限。
所述印刷电路板31通过绝缘粘结材料将多个印刷电路板31进行互连，形成多层 印刷电路板。本领域技术人员可根据需要自行设定印刷电路板31的层数。本发明的直流电机，改变磁场方向由传统的径向磁场方向改为轴向磁场方向，可以降低定子的损耗，并且满足交大功率的输出。
另外，在所述多层印刷电路板结构中的印刷电路板上贴合设置有导热层32，该导热层32可设置在多层印刷电路板结构的表面(如图2所示)；为了使定子内部更好的散热，导热层32也可以设置在多层印刷电路板结构的内部，也就是说，导热层32设置在印刷电路板31之间(如图3所示)；更进一步，为了使热量更好的散发，所述导热层32与所述电机外壳1的内壁连接或与所述电机外壳1上设置的外散热片(图中未示出)连接。在本发明中该导热层32采用导热性能好的非金属材质制成(例如，石墨、硅胶、热传导胶带、导热膏或陶瓷等)，并且该导热层32的结构为片状结构、网状结构或栅型结构。为了更好的对印刷电路板散热，所述印刷电路板的基板可以为陶瓷基板、铝基板、氧化铝陶瓷基板或者氮化铝陶瓷基板。另外，导热层32的设置数量至少为一层，本领域技术人员可根据实际情况设定导热层32的数量。在多层印刷电路板中，设置一定数量的导热层32，将热量引导到电机外壳上散人，可以有效地降低印刷电路板的温度，进而降低整个直流电机的问题，提高电机的工作效率，并延长使用寿命。
工作原理：
如图1所示并参考图4所示，在电机开始运转时，定子3中的多层印刷电路板(PCB板)板31通电，并产生电流，第一工作匝线311通电并产生的电磁极N极与转子4上的N极相斥，相斥力使转子4产生位移，此时转子4上的S级与该第一工作匝线311上的电磁极N极相吸，吸力使转子4继续位移，依次类推，定子3上的电磁极与转子4上的磁极这样相斥或相吸的作用，即转子4上的磁场与定子3上电流所产生的安培力使转子4相对于定子3沿电机轴2轴向转动(直流电机的工作原理为现有技术，在此不再详细说明)，产生机械动能，以驱动所述电机轴2绕自身轴线转动；在定子3通电时会产生的大量的热量，使直流电机内部增加大量的热量，为了降低定子3以及直流电机内部的热量，在定子3的表面或者内部设置导热层32，将定子3内部的热量导出，并通过电机外壳1或者设置在电机外壳1上的散热片散发到外部，从而降低电机内部的热量。
实施例二
图6为本发明实施例二直流电机的印刷电路板结构示意图，图7为本发明实施例二直流电机定子结构示意图之一，图8为本发明实施例二直流电机定子结构示意图之 二，如图6并参考图4、图7和图8所示，本发明还提供一种直流电机，本实施例中的直流电机结构与实施例一种的直流电机结构基本相同，不同之处在于，为了提高直流电机的性能以及工作效率，在本实施例中，在所述多层印刷电路板结构中最外侧的印刷电路板上设置有呈圆周型排列的多个微型线圈313，进一步地说，最外侧的印刷电路板上的微型线圈313的正极端与印刷电路板上的正极端电性连接(图中未示出，可参考图4中匝线正极端与印刷电路板正极端电性连接结构)，每一个微型线圈以及每一个工作匝线上都设有导孔A和导孔B，当印刷电路板接通电流时，电流进入第一线圈311’经如图所示的箭头方向流向第三线圈312’，以此类推，直到电流流过印刷电路板31’上设置的所有线圈。在接通电流时，当电流流经第一线圈311’时，电流通过导孔A和导孔B流经与所述第一线圈311’并联的匝线3111’和匝线3112’。与现有技术每一层印刷电路板只设有一对导孔A和导孔B相比，本发明的印刷电路板结构可以有效地减小导孔电流压力，降低印刷电路板在工作时所产生的热量。
所述第一线圈311’和第三线圈312’与所述转子4上的一个磁极相关联。图4中的一层印刷电路板上只显示了4个线圈，当然线圈的数量取决于直流电机的性能需求，不以本实施例中的匝线数量为限。(多层印刷电路板结构的一外侧上或两外侧边上)。本实施例中的印刷电路板31’采用外设通电回路(微型线圈313)，不受印刷电路板体积的限制，可根据需要增加微型线圈313的数量，进而增大磁场强度和扭矩，提高直流电机的功率；
工作原理：
工作原理与实施例一的工作原理基本相同，在电机运转时，定子中的每一层印刷电路板31’通电，使微型线圈313产生轴向磁力线，此时，转子相对于定子沿电机轴轴向转动，产生机械动能，以驱动所述电机轴绕自身轴线转动；另外，定子在通电时会产生的大量的热量，使直流电机内部增加大量的热量，为了降低定子以及直流电机内部的热量，在定子的表面或者内部设置导热层32’，将定子内部的热量导出，并通过电机外壳或者设置在电机外壳上的散热片散发到外部，从而降低电机内部的热量。
综上所述，本发明的直流电机，把传统电机的径向磁力方向改为轴向磁力方向，这就使得电机的结构有了根本的变化。所述定子为多层印刷电路板(PCB板)结构，并且在定子上设置了导热层，可有效的降低电机内部热量，提高电机工作效率、使用寿命和可靠性。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种直流电机，包括：电机外壳(1)、电机轴(2)、定子(3)和转子(4)；所述电机轴(2)沿前后方向延伸且绕自身轴线可转动地穿设在所述电机外壳(1)上；定子(3)，所述定子(3)套设在所述电机轴(2)上，并且固定在所述电机外壳(1)内；所述转子(4)设置在所述电机外壳(1)内，并且套设在所述电机轴(2)上，其特征在于，所述转子(4)通过所述定子(3)产生的轴向磁力，相对于定子(3)轴向旋转，以驱动所述电机轴(2)绕自身轴线转动；其中，所述定子(3)为多层印刷电路板结构，并且每两层印刷电路板(31)之间电性连接；
    所述直流电机还包括：导热层(32)，贴合设置在所述多层印刷电路板结构中的印刷电路板(31)上，所述导热层(32)与所述电机外壳(1)的内壁连接或与所述电机外壳(1)上设置的外散热片连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的直流电机，其特征在于，所述导热层(32)贴合设置在所述多层印刷电路板结构的表面或内部。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的直流电机，其特征在于，所述导热层(32)的设置数量至少为一层。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的直流电机，其特征在于，所述导热层(32)的结构为片状结构、网状结构或栅型结构。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的直流电机，其特征在于，所述多层印刷电路板结构中的印刷电路板(31)设置的数量至少为3层。
  6. 一种直流电机，包括：电机外壳、电机轴、定子和转子；所述电机轴沿前后方向延伸且绕自身轴线可转动地穿设在所述电机外壳上；所述定子套设在所述电机轴上，并且固定在所述电机外壳内；所述转子设置在所述电机外壳内，并且套设在所述电机轴上，其特征在于，所述转子通过所述定子产生的轴向磁力，相对于定子轴向旋转，以驱动所述电机轴绕自身轴线转动；其中，所述定子为多层印刷电路板结构并且在该多层印刷电路板结构的外侧设置呈圆周型排列的多个微型线圈(311)，并且每两层印刷电路板(31’)之间电性连接；
    所述直流电机还包括：导热层(32’)，贴合设置在所述多层印刷电路板结构中的印刷电路板(31’)上，所述导热层(32’)与所述电机外壳的内壁连接或与所述电机 外壳上设置的外散热片连接。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的直流电机，其特征在于，所述微型线圈(311)的设置数量至少为2个。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的直流电机，其特征在于，所述导热层(32’)贴合设置在所述多层印刷电路板结构的表面或内部。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的直流电机，其特征在于，所述导热层(32’)的设置数量至少为一层。
  10. 如权利要求6所述的直流电机，其特征在于，所述导热层(32’)的结构为片状结构、网状结构或栅型结构。
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