WO2017186315A1 - Surfaces en al anodisé hautement réfléchissantes à contenu diffus et spéculaire adapté - Google Patents
Surfaces en al anodisé hautement réfléchissantes à contenu diffus et spéculaire adapté Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017186315A1 WO2017186315A1 PCT/EP2016/061383 EP2016061383W WO2017186315A1 WO 2017186315 A1 WO2017186315 A1 WO 2017186315A1 EP 2016061383 W EP2016061383 W EP 2016061383W WO 2017186315 A1 WO2017186315 A1 WO 2017186315A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- aluminium
- oxide
- acid
- metal
- embedded
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
- C25D11/10—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used containing organic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/024—Anodisation under pulsed or modulated current or potential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/14—Producing integrally coloured layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method to obtain a reflective anodised aluminium surface on an object.
- the present invention relates in particular to a method to obtain a reflective, anodised aluminium surface having a white appearance.
- White surfaces are ubiquitous in a huge number of applications (window frames, panels, doors, lamps, etc.), and while a white surface can be achieved using paint or even white plastics, a white wear-resistant aluminium surface would often be the number one choice if such a surface would be available.
- White aluminium surfaces can be produced by embedding titanium dioxide (Ti0 2 ) or other white pigments into an anodic film.
- the white pigments opacify the films primarily by diffusely reflecting light. This reflection occurs because the white pigment scatters or bends light strongly. If there is enough white pigment in an anodic film almost all visible light striking it will be reflected, and the anodic film will appear opaque, white, and bright.
- anodised surface is significantly higher than that of a traditional painted surface.
- anodised surfaces are usually preferred to painted surfaces when it comes to both practical applications and long-lasting decorative purposes. Therefore white anodized surfaces are preferred and have high value compared to the white painted aluminium.
- Embedding white pigments into an anodic film is not a straight-forward operation, considering that the pigments are typically magnitudes larger than the nanoscaled pores that are created in an anodizing process. It is known from EP 2 649 224 Bl to obtain a radiation scattering surface finish on an object by providing the object with a top layer, comprising aluminium or an aluminium alloy, the top layer comprising added discrete inclusions of a second material being different from aluminium and the first alloy, and subsequently anodising said top layer to form an anodic oxide layer and to generate from the inclusions discrete radiation scattering elements.
- said radiation scattering elements are selected from particles of titanium, tin, zirconium, iron, titanium oxide, tin oxide, zirconium oxide, and iron oxide.
- An anodising method using high-frequency switching anodising is disclosed in "Anodizing method for aluminum alloy by using high-frequency switching electrolysis" H.Tanaka, M. Fujita, T.Yamamoto, H. Muramatsu Suzuki Motor Corporation; H .Asoh, S.Ono, Kogakuin University.
- Multi-pass friction stir processing to impregnate Ti0 2 particles into the surface of an aluminium alloy and subsequent anodising in a sulphuric acid electrolyte is disclosed by V.C. Gudla, F. Jensen, A. Simar, R. Shabadi, R. Ambat, : Friction stir processed Al-Ti0 2 surface composites: Anodising behaviour and optical appearance, Appl . Surf. Sci . 324 (2015) 554- 562.
- FSP Multi-pass friction stir processing
- High frequency anodising of friction stir processed Al-Ti02 surface composites using a high frequency pulse and pulse reverse pulse technique at a fixed frequency in a sulfuric acid bath is disclosed by V. C. Gudla, F. Jensen, K. Bordo, A. Simar, R. Ambat, Effect of High Frequency Pulsing on the Interfacial Structure of Anodized Aluminium-Ti02, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 162 (7) C303-C310 (2015) .
- Multi-pass friction stir processing to impregnate metal oxide (Ti0 2 , Y 2 0 3 and Ce0 2 ) particles into the surface of an aluminium alloy and subsequent anodising in a sulphuric acid electrolyte is disclosed by V. C. Gudla, F. Jensen, S. Canulescu, A. Simar, R. Ambat, Friction stir processed Al - metal oxide surface composites: anodization and optical appearance, 28th international conference on surface modification technologies, June 16 th - 18 th , 2014, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland .
- FSP Multi-pass friction stir processing
- US 2009/0236228 Al relates to an anodizing method and apparatus.
- US 2006/0037866 relates to an anodic oxide film and anodizing method .
- US 2008/0087551 relates to a method for anodizing aluminum alloy and power supply for anodizing aluminum alloy.
- JP2004-035930 relates to an aluminum alloy material and anodization treatment method therefor.
- JP2008-0085574 relates to a method for anodizing an aluminum member.
- JP2007-154301 relates to an aluminum alloy anodic oxidation method and power source for aluminum alloy anodic oxidation.
- the present invention relates to a method to obtain a reflective anodised aluminium surface on an object, comprising the steps: a Providing the object with a top layer comprising aluminium or an aluminium alloy, the top layer comprising embedded discrete particles of a metal or metal oxide, said metal being different from aluminium; b Subsequently anodising said top layer to form an anodic oxide layer; wherein said anodising of step b. takes place in an aqueous solution of an organic acid applying a time varying signal.
- Fig. 1 (a) shows almost parallel growth of DC formed anodic pores, making it hard to reach the regions underneath particles;
- Fig. 1 (b) shows branched pores formed during high frequency anodising; and Fig. 2 illustrates the process disclosed in example 1.
- Fig. 1 (b) shows branched pores formed during high frequency anodising; and Fig. 2 illustrates the process disclosed in example 1.
- the embedded discrete particles are selected from the group consisting of titanium, tin, zirconium, iron, titanium oxide, tin oxide, zirconium oxide, lead oxide, yttrium oxide, and iron oxide, preferably titanium oxide.
- Titanium dioxide exhibits a light refractive index much different than sealed anodic alumina, making it an ideal pigment for obtaining good light scattering.
- pigments with other chemical compositions can be used, if they possess properties similar to those of titanium dioxide.
- the particle size of the embedded discrete particles is in the range 100-500 nm, preferably in the range 150-400 nm, such as 200-300 nm.
- the size of Ti0 2 particles should preferably be 200-300 nm to secure light scattering of all visible wavelengths, making the surface perceived as white.
- the aluminium or aluminium alloy comprises at least 95% by weight of aluminium, preferably at least 96% by weight of aluminium, such as at least 97% by weight of aluminium, such as at least 98% by weight of aluminium, more preferably at least 99% by weight of aluminium.
- a pure alumininum alloy is required for the anodic film to become as optically transparent as possible. Alloying elements such as Fe, Mn and Cu must be kept to an absolute minimum, knowing that these elements will give rise to a certain degree of light absorption, which will compromise the anodic film whiteness. Using an alloy with a composition equivalent to a 6060 (or even purer), has proven to give good results.
- the discrete particles of a metal or metal oxide are embedded by a solid state process.
- solid state processes include a solid state process selected from the group consisting of friction stir processing (FSP), additive friction stir processing (AFSP), and powder metallurgy.
- Friction stir processing is a solid state process known for its ability to modify
- FSP friction stir processing
- FSW friction stir welding
- FSP has emerged as an advanced tool to produce surface composites by embedding second phase particles into the matrix. It is exactly this feature that is utilized in this patent application as to embed white pigments into the aluminium bulk, considering that the FSP process has the required advantages of: i) Maintaining a sufficiently low temperature to avoid a critical reaction between pigment and aluminium; ii) Being able to remove excess heat via a Heat Sink, again to avoid a reaction between pigment and aluminium; iii) Securing a homogenous and individual distribution of pigments within the aluminium matrix; and iv) Leaving the pigments in a functional state.
- Friction Stir Processing is a very time-consuming batch process
- Additive Friction Stir Processing has emerged to create a continuous process, where particles are fed to the material through a hollow spinning tool. Not only is this a much faster (and non-batch) process, it also allows for much higher particle loadings.
- AFSP is the preferred technique for embedding white pigments into an aluminium matrix
- An further example of solid state processing is powder metallurgy, where pigments are mechanically alloyed into the aluminium powder. The composite powder is subsequently compressed and shaped in a normal powder metal route such as forging, cold isostatic pressing (CIP), hot isostatic pressing (HIP), direct profile extrusion, direct rolling of sheets, cold spraying, thermal spraying etc.
- the discrete particles of a metal or metal oxide are embedded by a liquid state process, such as e.g. Stir Casting or Investment Casting.
- the discrete particles of a metal or metal oxide are embedded by a vapour state process such as e.g. Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) or Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD).
- any of the above major processing routes can be used, as long as they fulfill the considerations mentioned above.
- Anodizing secures the conversion of aluminium into aluminium oxide.
- the pigments which were embedded into the top aluminium layer will become embedded into the aluminium oxide after anodizing.
- the difference in refractive index between the anodic oxide and the white pigments secures scattering of all visible wavelengths that finally makes the anodized surface appear white.
- Anodic films are traditionally formed by passing a direct current (DC) through an electrolyte, with the aluminium part working as the anode and a suitable material serving as the cathode.
- DC anodizing has proven problematic in anodizing the aforementioned composite alloy, due to the regions that are underneath each individual pigment. Anodic pores formed through a DC process are almost completely parallel and do not reach the regions underneath the pigments. This leaves an anodic film with embedded pigments that have a small area of non-anodized aluminium underneath them. In turn this is a very unfortunate situation, considering the light absorption properties of metallic aluminium, which finally makes the entire anodic film be perceived as dark rather than white.
- the white anodizing must be carried out at low temperature and in low-aggressive electrolyte to decrease the degree of pore wall attack.
- the electrolyte used in an anodising process is traditionally water based and has an active content of acid. Almost all weak and strong organic acids can function as an electrolyte in the anodizing step of the process according to the invention.
- the anodising of step b. takes place in an aqueous solution of an organic acid selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, maleic acid, formic acid, citric acid and acetic acid.
- the anodising of step b. takes place in an aqueous solution of an organic acid selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid, formic acid and citric acid, preferably oxalic acid.
- the high frequency signal which is a time varying signal, may comprise a square wave signal having pulses with amplitudes between between -5 V and +5 V in the low period and between + 15 V and 100 V in the high period. Moreover, the voltage ramp up/down times of the pulses may be in the range between 0 and 15% of the ideal square wave pulse duration.
- the frequency of the square wave signal may typically be around 1 kHz.
- the thickness of the anodized film determines how white the surface appears. To secure a total white light scattering effect in the visible spectrum - normally about ⁇ oxide is necessary. Thus in an embodiment of the invention the thickness of the anodized film is in the range 50-300 ⁇ , such as about 75-200 ⁇ , preferably in the range 100-150 ⁇ , such as in the range 80-130 ⁇ .
- the pigment concentration determines how white the surface appears. Thus in an embodiment of the invention the pigment concentration is in the range 2-25 wt%, such as about 5-20 wt%, preferably in the range 10-15 wt%.
- optical properties can be characterized by a standard spectrophotometer, where the degree of reflected light is measured.
- Hardness can be measured with a standard microhardness testing unit, where a diamond indenter is pressed into the surface. The diagonal (in case of Vickers hardness testing) of the resulting indentation gives a figure for the surface hardness.
- Tribological properties can be found by a standardised wear tester such as a ball-on-disc setup.
- the thick anodic film obtained above may be slightly dissolved in the upper part because of the prolonged exposure to the acid electrolyte, a phenomenon known as "pore wall attack".
- the porous oxide can be stabilized by impregnating it with an agent that fills the anodic pores.
- the method comprises a further step of impregnating the anodised aluminium oxide layer.
- said impregnation is performed by means of an impregnating substance selected from the group consisting of a silicate, a lacquer, and a sol- gel substance.
- an impregnating substance selected from the group consisting of a silicate, a lacquer, and a sol- gel substance.
- lacquers and sol-gel substances include acrylics, silanes and silane based sol-gels.
- Aluminium plates with dimensions 200 mm x 60 mm x 6 mm were used for the FSP trials.
- Commercial Ti0 2 powder in rutile phase was used.
- the median diameter of the powder particles was 210 nm.
- Processing the FSP process was performed using a hermle milling machine equipped with a steel tool having 20 mm shoulder diameter, 1.5 mm pin length with a m6 thread.
- the backwards tilt angle of the tool was maintained at 1°.
- a groove 0.5 mm deep, 10 mm wide, and 180 mm long in the Al plates which was compactly filled with Ti0 2 powder.
- the filled plates were then covered by the same Al sheet rolled down to a thickness of 0.25mm to prevent loss of Ti0 2 powder during the initial FSP pass.
- Rotational speed of the tool was 1000 rpm and the advancing speed was 200 mm/min for the first pass to insure correct closure of the groove and 1000 mm/min for the next six passes.
- a surface of 175 mm long x 20 mm wide was processed for each pass with a total processing time of roughly 2 min. All seven passes were performed one over the other without any shift.
- the samples were then mechanically polished, buffed to a mirror finish and then degreased in a mild alkaline solution at 60°C.
- the samples were subsequently desmutted by immersing in diluted HNCh followed by demineralized water rinsing. Anodising was carried out in a saturated oxalic acid bath maintained at 10°C.
- a square wave high frequency signal of 1 kHz from 0 to 40V was applied, with a controlled ramp up/down duration which corresponds to 10% of the pulse duration.
- the process continues until the film thickness has grown to approximately ⁇ . After anodising the surface appears white, with both specular and diffuse reflections.
- the sample is rinsed and transferred to a hot water sealing tank for closing the open-pored anodic structure. The process is illustrated in Fig. 2.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
La présente invention concerne un procédé pour réaliser sur un objet une surface réfléchissante en aluminium anodisé. La présente invention concerne notamment un procédé pour obtenir une surface d'aluminium réfléchissante en aluminium anodisé ayant un aspect blanc.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201680084961.2A CN109072473B (zh) | 2016-04-27 | 2016-05-20 | 具有定制的漫反射和镜面反射水平的高反射的阳极化的Al表面 |
DK16727968.6T DK3430185T3 (da) | 2016-04-27 | 2016-05-20 | Højreflekterende anodiserede al-overflader med specialtilpasset diffust og spejlende indhold |
EP16727968.6A EP3430185B1 (fr) | 2016-04-27 | 2016-05-20 | Surfaces en al anodisé hautement réfléchissantes à contenu diffus et spéculaire adapté |
US16/096,167 US20190136399A1 (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2016-05-20 | Highly reflecting anodised al surfaces with tailored diffuse and specular content |
HK19101634.9A HK1259273A1 (zh) | 2016-04-27 | 2019-01-30 | 具有定制的漫反射和鏡面反射水平的高反射的陽極化的ai表面 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DKPA201600250 | 2016-04-27 | ||
DKPA201600250 | 2016-04-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2017186315A1 true WO2017186315A1 (fr) | 2017-11-02 |
Family
ID=56116398
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2016/061383 WO2017186315A1 (fr) | 2016-04-27 | 2016-05-20 | Surfaces en al anodisé hautement réfléchissantes à contenu diffus et spéculaire adapté |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20190136399A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3430185B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN109072473B (fr) |
DK (1) | DK3430185T3 (fr) |
HK (1) | HK1259273A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2017186315A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113943960B (zh) * | 2020-07-16 | 2023-05-16 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | 金属壳体及其制造方法、电子设备 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004035930A (ja) | 2002-07-02 | 2004-02-05 | Suzuki Motor Corp | アルミニウム合金材及びその陽極酸化処理方法 |
US20060037866A1 (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2006-02-23 | Suzuki Motor Corporation | Anodic oxide film and anodizing method |
JP2007154301A (ja) | 2005-11-30 | 2007-06-21 | Idx Corp | アルミニウム合金陽極酸化方法およびアルミニウム合金陽極酸化用電源 |
US20080087551A1 (en) | 2006-07-05 | 2008-04-17 | Hiromichi Odajima | Method for anodizing aluminum alloy and power supply for anodizing aluminum alloy |
US20090236228A1 (en) | 2008-03-24 | 2009-09-24 | Suzuki Motor Corporation | Anodizing method and apparatus |
US20150118512A1 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-04-30 | Apple Inc. | Methods for producing white appearing metal oxide films by positioning reflective particles prior to or during anodizing processes |
EP2649224B1 (fr) | 2010-12-06 | 2016-03-23 | Bang & Olufsen A/S | Procédé permettant d'obtenir un fini de surface de diffusion des rayonnements sur un objet |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS4916636A (fr) * | 1972-06-07 | 1974-02-14 | ||
KR900014905A (ko) * | 1989-03-22 | 1990-10-25 | 알칸 인터내셔날 리미티드 | 광학적 간섭 구조체 |
CN100383292C (zh) * | 2004-12-29 | 2008-04-23 | 湖南大学 | 一种铝及其合金材料表面生成陶瓷膜的阳极化处理方法 |
CN101392397B (zh) * | 2008-10-21 | 2011-04-20 | 湖南大学 | 一种铝或铝合金材料表面生成氧化膜的电化学处理方法 |
CN102834551B (zh) * | 2011-03-08 | 2015-07-01 | 纳米及先进材料研发院有限公司 | 制造白色阳极氧化铝的方法 |
JP5986308B2 (ja) * | 2012-06-22 | 2016-09-06 | アップル インコーポレイテッド | 白色様陽極酸化膜及びその形成方法 |
CN103014808B (zh) * | 2012-12-14 | 2015-07-29 | 中国计量学院 | 用酒石酸阳极氧化制备铝合金阳极氧化膜的方法 |
US9512536B2 (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2016-12-06 | Apple Inc. | Methods for forming white anodized films by metal complex infusion |
CN105705681B (zh) * | 2013-10-30 | 2021-03-26 | 苹果公司 | 用于通过在阳极化工艺之前或期间定位反射颗粒来制备白色外观金属氧化物膜的方法 |
-
2016
- 2016-05-20 EP EP16727968.6A patent/EP3430185B1/fr active Active
- 2016-05-20 US US16/096,167 patent/US20190136399A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-05-20 WO PCT/EP2016/061383 patent/WO2017186315A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2016-05-20 CN CN201680084961.2A patent/CN109072473B/zh active Active
- 2016-05-20 DK DK16727968.6T patent/DK3430185T3/da active
-
2019
- 2019-01-30 HK HK19101634.9A patent/HK1259273A1/zh unknown
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004035930A (ja) | 2002-07-02 | 2004-02-05 | Suzuki Motor Corp | アルミニウム合金材及びその陽極酸化処理方法 |
US20060037866A1 (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2006-02-23 | Suzuki Motor Corporation | Anodic oxide film and anodizing method |
JP2007154301A (ja) | 2005-11-30 | 2007-06-21 | Idx Corp | アルミニウム合金陽極酸化方法およびアルミニウム合金陽極酸化用電源 |
US20080087551A1 (en) | 2006-07-05 | 2008-04-17 | Hiromichi Odajima | Method for anodizing aluminum alloy and power supply for anodizing aluminum alloy |
US20090236228A1 (en) | 2008-03-24 | 2009-09-24 | Suzuki Motor Corporation | Anodizing method and apparatus |
EP2649224B1 (fr) | 2010-12-06 | 2016-03-23 | Bang & Olufsen A/S | Procédé permettant d'obtenir un fini de surface de diffusion des rayonnements sur un objet |
US20150118512A1 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-04-30 | Apple Inc. | Methods for producing white appearing metal oxide films by positioning reflective particles prior to or during anodizing processes |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
---|
H.TANAKA; M.FUJITA; T.YAMAMOTO; H.MURAMATSU; H.ASOH; S.ONO, ANODIZING METHOD FOR ALUMINUM ALLOY BY USING HIGH-FREQUENCY SWITCHING ELECTROLYSIS |
V. C. GUDLA; F. JENSEN; K. BORDO; A. SIMAR; R. AMBAT: "Effect of High Frequency Pulsing on the Interfacial Structure of Anodized Aluminium-Ti02", JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 162, no. 7, 2015, pages C303 - C310 |
V. C. GUDLA; F. JENSEN; S. CANULESCU; A. SIMAR; R. AMBAT: "Friction stir processed Al - metal oxide surface composites: anodization and optical appearance", 28TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SURFACE MODIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES, 16 June 2014 (2014-06-16) |
V.C. GUDLA; F. JENSEN; A. SIMAR; R. SHABADI; R. AMBAT: "Friction stir processed Al-Ti0 surface composites: Anodising behaviour and optical appearance", APPL. SURF. SCI., vol. 324, 2015, pages 554 - 562 |
VISWESWARA CHAKRAVARTHY GUDLA ET AL: "Effect of High Frequency Pulsing on the Interfacial Structure of Anodized Aluminium-TiO2", JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY, 1 January 2015 (2015-01-01), pages 303 - 310, XP055333973, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/162/7/C303.full.pdf#page=1&view=FitH> [retrieved on 20170111], DOI: 10.1149/2.0311507jes * |
VISWESWARA CHAKRAVARTHY GUDLA ET AL: "High frequency anodising of aluminium-TiO2 surface composites: Anodising behaviour and optical appearance", SURFACE AND COATINGS TECHNOLOGY, vol. 277, 1 September 2015 (2015-09-01), AMSTERDAM, NL, pages 67 - 73, XP055333860, ISSN: 0257-8972, DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.07.035 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20190136399A1 (en) | 2019-05-09 |
DK3430185T3 (da) | 2023-04-24 |
CN109072473A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
HK1259273A1 (zh) | 2019-11-29 |
EP3430185B1 (fr) | 2023-02-22 |
EP3430185A1 (fr) | 2019-01-23 |
CN109072473B (zh) | 2021-03-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2649224B1 (fr) | Procédé permettant d'obtenir un fini de surface de diffusion des rayonnements sur un objet | |
JP6491623B2 (ja) | 白色様陽極酸化膜及びその形成方法 | |
US20060260947A1 (en) | Color Stabilization of Anodized Aluminum Alloys | |
CN105492662B (zh) | 用于通过金属络合物注入形成白色阳极化膜的方法 | |
EP0824154B1 (fr) | Réflecteur avec surface résistante | |
CN105274519B (zh) | 不锈钢的表面处理方法及不锈钢手表外壳 | |
CN106191564B (zh) | 家装用深色镜面高光泽铝合金及其制备工艺 | |
Aliasghari et al. | Plasma electrolytic oxidation and corrosion protection of friction stir welded AZ31B magnesium alloy-titanium joints | |
US20150118512A1 (en) | Methods for producing white appearing metal oxide films by positioning reflective particles prior to or during anodizing processes | |
CN106048689A (zh) | 减轻镜面修饰阳极氧化铝中晶粒纹理差异生长速度的处理 | |
Liu et al. | Particle size influences on the coating microstructure through green chromia inclusion in plasma electrolytic oxidation | |
Gudla et al. | Friction stir processed Al–TiO2 surface composites: Anodising behaviour and optical appearance | |
EP3430185B1 (fr) | Surfaces en al anodisé hautement réfléchissantes à contenu diffus et spéculaire adapté | |
CH689065A5 (de) | Aluminiumoberflaechen fuer lichttechnische Zwecke. | |
KR101545127B1 (ko) | 금속 내외장재의 표면처리 방법 및 표면 처리된 금속 내외장재 | |
CN1277960C (zh) | 用于制备高镁铝合金的光亮阳极氧化表面层的方法 | |
EP3063314B1 (fr) | Procédés pour produire des films d'oxyde métallique d'aspect blanc par positionnement de particules réfléchissantes avant ou pendant des processus d'anodisation | |
Bachar et al. | Effect of thermal treatment on the property of enamel coating on steel substrate | |
US20220364253A1 (en) | Method to apply color coatings on alloys | |
CN102896431B (zh) | 一种避免夹渣的提高铝合金激光吸光率的激光焊接方法 | |
JP2004502878A (ja) | 銀塩含有処方を用いるアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金に金色の表面を生じさせる方法 | |
Stevenson Jr | Anodizing | |
FR2465801A1 (fr) | Procede pour produire des objets en aluminium anodise en couleur | |
JP3682575B2 (ja) | 塗膜硬度、塗膜密着性及び耐衝撃性に優れた表面処理アルミニウム材 | |
US20220210940A1 (en) | Dual Injection-Molded Metal Substrates |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
DPE1 | Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2016727968 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2016727968 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20181015 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 16727968 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |