WO2017185774A1 - 一种倒装四结太阳能电池结构及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种倒装四结太阳能电池结构及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2017185774A1
WO2017185774A1 PCT/CN2016/111669 CN2016111669W WO2017185774A1 WO 2017185774 A1 WO2017185774 A1 WO 2017185774A1 CN 2016111669 W CN2016111669 W CN 2016111669W WO 2017185774 A1 WO2017185774 A1 WO 2017185774A1
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sub
subcell
cell
flip
chip
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French (fr)
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李森林
毕京锋
宋明辉
刘冠洲
李明阳
陈文浚
吴超瑜
王笃祥
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天津三安光电有限公司
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/06Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
    • H01L31/068Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
    • H01L31/0687Multiple junction or tandem solar cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/544Solar cells from Group III-V materials
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lattice-matched high-efficiency flip-chip four-junction solar cell structure and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of compound semiconductor solar cell epitaxial growth and device preparation.
  • the third-generation compound semiconductor multi-junction solar cell based on compound semiconductor material is the solar cell with the highest conversion efficiency, and has the advantages of high temperature resistance, strong radiation resistance, and good temperature characteristics.
  • adding a l.OeV sub-battery based on conventional three-junction solar cells has become one of the many options.
  • the InGaAs selected in the Chinese patent document CN201010193582.1 the subcell has a large lattice mismatch with the substrate material, and has many material defects.
  • the present invention provides a flip-chip four-junction solar cell structure and a method for fabricating the same, which are coupled with MOCVD and UHVCVD (Ultra High Vacuum CVD) using a SiGeSn material lattice-matched to a GaAs substrate as a
  • MOCVD Metal Organic Chemical Vacuum CVD
  • UHVCVD Ultra High Vacuum CVD
  • a method of fabricating a flip-chip four-junction solar cell firstly forming a GalnP subcell and a GaAs subcell on a GaAs substrate by M OCVD or MBE, and then using UHVCVD A SiGeSn subcell and a SiGe subcell are grown.
  • This battery structure has good current matching and lattice matching to achieve high crystal quality and high battery efficiency.
  • GalnP sub-cells and GaAs sub-cells are sequentially formed on a GaAs substrate by MOCVD. And transferring the isolation layer, and then UHVCVD is used to grow the SiGeSn sub-cell and the SiGe sub-cell.
  • the transfer isolation layer material is GaAs and has a thickness greater than or equal to 200 nm.
  • a method of fabricating a flip-chip four-junction solar cell includes the steps of:
  • a third subcell, a third tunneling junction, a fourth subcell and an ohmic contact layer are sequentially grown in the CVD reaction chamber.
  • the first sub-cell is a GalnP sub-cell
  • the second sub-cell is a GaAs sub-cell.
  • the third sub-cell is a SiGeSn sub-cell
  • the fourth sub-cell is a SiGe sub-cell.
  • the third tunneling junction, the fourth sub-cell and the ohmic contact layer growth temperature are not higher than the third sub-cell growth temperature, and the third sub-cell is prevented from being easily precipitated or decomposed by heat.
  • the structure completed in the step 1) is first placed in a substrate box for sealing.
  • the process is completed in a glove box, the MOCVD reaction chamber and the glove box are connected by a vacuum transfer chamber, and the sample is transferred to a UHVCVD reaction chamber.
  • the transfer isolation layer material is GaAs, and the thickness is greater than or equal to 200 nm, so as to be easy to
  • UHVCVD is a structure for performing secondary epitaxial growth of a battery.
  • a flip-chip four-junction solar cell includes: a GaAs substrate; a first sub-cell, a second sub-cell, and a transfer isolation layer, which are sequentially formed by MOCVD or MBE growth Above the GaAs substrate; a third sub-cell and a fourth sub-cell are sequentially formed on the transfer isolation layer by UHVCVD growth.
  • the base material of the third sub-battery is composed of a SiGeSn material having a band gap of 1.0 eeV, and the lattice constant is matched with GaAs, wherein the Si component SS ⁇ SS ⁇ , Ge component SQ ⁇ SS Sn group It is divided into 6 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 8 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4.
  • the fourth sub-cell is a SiGe sub-battery.
  • the band gaps of the first sub-cell, the second sub-cell, the third sub-cell and the fourth sub-cell are sequentially decreased, the sub-cell currents are matched, and the lattice constants of the sub-cells are matched with the GaAs substrate.
  • the transfer isolation layer material is GaAs and has a thickness greater than 200 nm to obtain a structure for facilitating erc epitaxial growth of the battery in the UHVC VD.
  • the flip-chip growth structure that is, firstly growing the III-V compound cell structure in MOCVD, and then transferring it to UHVCVD, can effectively avoid the growth of Sn in the process of dressing growth, and the SiGeSn is easy to precipitate Sn at high temperature and contaminate MOCVD.
  • this patent uses SiGeSn as a l.Oe V sub-cell, which is flip-chip grown together with other triple junction cells.
  • its lattice constant can be matched with GaAs substrate material, which can be obtained.
  • the SiGeSn subcell can effectively prevent the precipitation of Sn in SiGeSn subcells at high temperatures due to high temperature.
  • the flip-chip growth ⁇ can effectively avoid the anti-phase domain introduced by the III-V material on the Group IV material, reduce the non-radiative recombination center, and improve the conversion efficiency of the battery.
  • the following embodiment discloses a high efficiency four-junction solar cell, the preparation of which mainly comprises the following steps: Firstly, the first sub-cell and the second sub-cell are sequentially formed on the GaAs substrate by MOCVD or MBE, and then The third sub-cell and the fourth sub-cell are grown by UHVCVD.
  • the high-efficiency four-junction solar cell of the present embodiment will be described in detail in conjunction with a specific preparation method.
  • Step (1) In the MOCVD, a n-type GaAs substrate with a misalignment of 9° in the [111] direction is selected as the epitaxial growth substrate 001, and the GalnP sacrificial cutoff layer 002 and n- are epitaxially grown thereon. GaAs ohmic contact layer 003.
  • the thickness of the contact layer 003 is 500 nm, which is 5x10 18 cm -3 .
  • Step (2) A GalnP first subcell was grown on the n-GaAs ohmic contact layer 003 with a band gap of 1.9 eV, and the respective lattice constants of the layers were matched with the GaAs substrate. Specifically, Mr. ⁇ - ⁇ window layer 101, the thickness is 0.
  • the impurity concentration is about 7xl0 18 cm - 3
  • the n-GalnP emitter region 102 is grown, the thickness is about ⁇ . ⁇
  • the impurity concentration is about 1x10 18 cm - 3
  • the p-GalnP base region 103 the thickness is about 1.5 ⁇
  • the impurity concentration is about 2xl0 17 cm -3
  • the p-AlGaAs back field layer 104 is grown, the thickness is about 0.07 ⁇ , the impurity concentration It is about 2xl0 18 cm - 3 .
  • Step (3): A p++-AlGaAs/n++-GaInP tunneling junction 501 is grown on the first sub-cell of GalnP. Specifically, Mr. long p++-AlGaAs layer, thickness 20nm, miscellaneous concentration 2x10 2Q cm - 3
  • n++-GaInP layer thickness 20nm, miscellaneous concentration 2x10 19 cm - 3 .
  • the ⁇ - ⁇ window layer 2 01 has a thickness of 0.05 ⁇ m, and the impurity concentration is about 5 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 , and then the n-GaAs emitter region 202 is grown to a thickness of about 0.2 ⁇ m, and the impurity concentration is about 5 ⁇ 10 17 .
  • the p-GaAs base region 203 is grown to a thickness of about 3.0 ⁇ m, the impurity concentration is about 8 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 , and finally the p-AlGaAs back field layer 204 is grown to a thickness of about 0.07 ⁇ m, and the impurity concentration is about 1 ⁇ 10 18 . Cm - 3 .
  • Step (5) growing a p++-GaAs/n++-GaAs tunnel junction 502 on the GaAs second subcell,
  • Step (6) growing a GaAs transfer isolation layer 004 on the p++-GaAs/n++-GaAs tunneling junction 502, the thickness being greater than or equal to 200 nm, preferably 0.5 ⁇ , and the impurity concentration being 2 ⁇ 10 18 cm 3
  • Step (7) The above completed structure is placed in a substrate case for sealing, and the process is completed in a glove box.
  • the MOCVD reaction chamber and the glove box are connected through a vacuum transfer chamber; and the sealed sample is transferred to the UHVCVD reaction chamber, and the sample is subjected to surface heat treatment for 10-20 min, and the treatment temperature is the same as that of the transfer separation layer in MOCVD. .
  • Step (8) continuing epitaxial growth in the UHVCVD reaction chamber, and growing a SiGeSn material on the GaAs buffer tunneling junction 004 with a band gap of 1.0 eV, wherein the Si component S ⁇ SS Ge component SQ ⁇ eS ⁇ ,
  • the composition of Sn is 6% ⁇ 8 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, and the lattice constant of each layer is matched with the GaAs substrate, and the growth temperature is 550 °C.
  • the Mr. long n-SiSn window layer 301 has a thickness of 0.05 ⁇ m and a poor concentration of about 5 x 10 18 cm.
  • the emitter region 302 has a thickness of about 0.2 ⁇ m, a poor concentration of about 5 x 10 17 cm -3 , and then grows p-Si. . 28 Ge. . 654 Sn. . . .
  • the base region 303 has a thickness of about 4.0 ⁇ m, a miscellaneous concentration of about 1 x 10 17 cm -3 , and finally a p-SiSn back field layer 304 having a thickness of about 0.07 ⁇ m and a miscellaneous concentration of about 3 x 10 18 cm -3 .
  • Step (9) growing a p++-SiGeSn/n++-SiGe tunnel junction 503 on the SiGeSn third subcell,
  • the long temperature is 480 ° C, Mr. long p++-SiGeSn layer, thickness 20nm, miscellaneous concentration 5x10 19 cm - 3 , and then grow n++-SiGe layer, thickness 20nm, miscellaneous concentration 5x10 3 ⁇ 4m - 3 .
  • the impurity concentration is about 5x10 18 cm - 3
  • the n-SiGe emitter region 402 is grown, the thickness is about 0.2 ⁇
  • the impurity concentration is about 5x10 17 cm - 3
  • the p-SiGe base region 403 is about 5.0 ⁇
  • the impurity concentration is about lxl0 17 cm -3
  • the p-SiGeSn back field layer 404 is grown to a thickness of about ⁇ . ⁇ , and the impurity concentration is about 3 ⁇ 10 18 cm -3 .
  • Step (11) growing a SiGe cap layer 005 on the SiGe fourth subcell, the growth temperature is 520 ° C, the thickness is about 0.5 ⁇ , and the impurity concentration is about 5 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 , and the cell structure epitaxial growth is completed. , As shown in Figure 1.

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Abstract

一种倒装四结太阳能电池结构及其制备方法,首先利用MOCVD或是MBE在GaAs衬底上依次形成GaInP子电池和GaAs子电池,然后再利用UHVCVD生长SiGeSn子电池和SiGe子电池。这种电池结构具有良好的电流匹配和晶格匹配,能获得高的晶体质量和电池效率。

Description

一种倒装四结太阳能电池结构及其制备方法 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种晶格匹配的高效倒装四结太阳能电池结构及其制备方法, 属化 合物半导体太阳能电池外延生长和器件制备领域。
背景技术
[0002] 由于煤、 石油等不可再生能源的逐渐枯竭及其不断造成的环境恶化, 人类迫切 需要使用绿色能源为人们解决所面临的巨大问题。 太阳能因其安全环保, 取之 不尽, 用之不竭, 又无处不在, 是一种十分理想的绿色可再生能源, 使其备受 瞩目。 基于化合物半导体材料的第三代化合物半导体多结太阳能电池是转换效 率最高的一种太阳能电池, 同吋具有耐高温性能、 抗辐射能力强、 温度特性好 等优点。 为更加充分利用太阳能光谱, 进一步提高太阳能电池的光电转换效率 , 在常规三结太阳能电池基础上增加一结 l.OeV子电池, 成为众多选择之一。 如 中国专利文献 CN201010193582.1中选择的 InGaAs , 此子电池因与衬底材料存在 较大的晶格失配, 材料缺陷较多。
技术问题
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0003] 针对上述问题, 本发明提供一种倒装四结太阳能电池结构及其制备方法, 其联 立 MOCVD和 UHVCVD (超高真空 CVD) , 采用与 GaAs衬底晶格匹配的 SiGeSn 材料作为 l.OeV的子电池, 可以有效改善材料晶体质量差的问题, 提高电池转换 效率。
[0004] 根据本发明的第一个方面, 一种倒装四结太阳能电池的制备方法: 首先利用 M OCVD或是 MBE在 GaAs衬底上依次形成 GalnP子电池和 GaAs子电池, 然后再利 用 UHVCVD生长 SiGeSn子电池和 SiGe子电池。 这种电池结构具有良好的电流匹 配和晶格匹配, 能获得高的晶体质量和超高的电池效率。
[0005] 优选的, 首先采用 MOCVD在 GaAs衬底上依次形成 GalnP子电池和 GaAs子电池 和转移隔离层, 再采用 UHVCVD生长 SiGeSn子电池和 SiGe子电池。
[0006] 优选的, 所述转移隔离层材料为 GaAs, 厚度大于或等于 200nm。
[0007] 根据本发明的第二个方面, 一种倒装四结太阳能电池的制作方法, 包括步骤:
(1) 在 MOCVD反应腔内, 于一 GaAs衬底上依次倒装生长腐蚀截止层、 欧姆接 触层、 第一子电池、 第一隧穿结、 第二子电池、 第二隧穿结和转移隔离层; (2
) 将上述样品转移至 UHVCVD反应腔中, 对样品进行表面热处理; (3) 在 UHV
CVD反应腔中依次生长第三子电池, 第三隧穿结, 第四子电池和欧姆接触层。
[0008] 优选的, 第一子电池为 GalnP子电池, 第二子电池为 GaAs子电池。
[0009] 优选的, 所述第三子电池为 SiGeSn子电池, 第四子电池为 SiGe子电池。
[0010] 优选的, 所述第三隧穿结、 第四子电池和欧姆接触层生长温度不高于第三子电 池生长温度, 防止第三子电池受热易析出或分解。
[0011] 优选的, 所述步骤 (2) 中, 先将步骤 1) 完成的结构放入一衬底盒中进行密封
, 该过程在手套箱中完成, 所述 MOCVD反应腔和所述手套箱通过一真空传递室 连接, 再将上述样品转移至 UHVCVD反应腔中。
[0012] 优选的, 所述转移隔离层材料为 GaAs , 厚度大于或等于 200nm, 以获得易于在
UHVCVD进行电池的二次外延生长的结构。
[0013] 根据本发明的第三个方面, 一种倒装四结太阳能电池, 包括: GaAs衬底; 第 一子电池、 第二子电池和转移隔离层, 采用 MOCVD或者 MBE的生长方式依次形 成于所述 GaAs衬底之上; 第三子电池和第四子电池, 采用 UHVCVD的生长方式 依次形成于所述转移隔离层之上。
[0014] 优选的, 第三子电池的基区材料由带隙为 l.OeV的 SiGeSn材料组成, 晶格常数 与 GaAs匹配, 其中 Si组分 SS^ SS^ , Ge组分 SQ^ SS Sn组分 6<¾~8<¾。
[0015] 优选的, 所述第四子电池为 SiGe子电池。
[0016] 优选的, 第一子电池, 第二子电池, 第三子电池和第四子电池的带隙依次降低 , 各子电池电流匹配, 各子电池晶格常数与 GaAs衬底匹配。
[0017] 优选的, 所述转移隔离层材料为 GaAs , 厚度大于 200nm, 以获得易于在 UHVC VD进行电池的 erc外延生长的结构。
发明的有益效果 有益效果
采用倒装生长结构, 即先在 MOCVD中生长 III- V族化合物电池结构, 再将其转 移至 UHVCVD中, 可以有效避免正装生长过程中, 先生长的 SiGeSn在高温下容 易析出 Sn而污染 MOCVD的劣势相对于 InGaAs材料, 本专利采用 SiGeSn做为 l.Oe V子电池, 与其他三结电池一起进行倒装生长, 一方面, 其晶格常数可以做到与 GaAs衬底材料匹配, 可以获得高的晶体质量, 此外, 先生长 III-V双结电池在生 长 SiGeSn子电池可以有效避免因高温导致的 SiGeSn子电池中的 Sn在高温下析出 , 不宜先生长 SiGeSn, 再通过 MOCVD生长 III-V子电池, 另一方面, 倒装生长吋 可以有效避免 III- V材料在 IV族材料上生长吋引入的反相畴, 减少非辐射复合中 心, 提高电池的转换效率。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0019] 图 1是本发明涉及到的一
[0020] 图中:
[0021] 001 : 生长衬底
[0022] 002 : 腐蚀截止层
[0023] 003 : 欧姆接触层
[0024] 101 : 第一子电池窗口层
[0025] 102 : 第一子电池发射区
[0026] 103 : 第一子电池基区
[0027] 104 : 第一子电池背场层
[0028] 501 : 第一隧穿结
[0029] 201 : 第二子电池窗口层
[0030] 202 : 第二子电池发射区
[0031] 203 : 第二子电池基区
[0032] 204 : 第二子电池背场层
[0033] 502 : 第二电池隧穿结
[0034] 004 : 转移隔离层 [0035] 301 : 第三子电池窗口层
[0036] 302: 第三子电池发射区
[0037] 303 : 第三子电池基区
[0038] 304: 第三子电池背场层
[0039] 503 : 第三隧穿结
[0040] 401 : 第四子电池窗口层
[0041] 402: 第四子电池发射区
[0042] 403 : 第四子电池基区
[0043] 404: 第四子电池背场层
[0044] 005 : 欧姆接触层。
本发明的实施方式
[0045] 下面结合示意图对本发明作进一步描述, 但不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。
[0046] 下面实施例公幵了一种高效率四结太阳能电池, 其制备主要包括下列步骤: 首 先利用 MOCVD或是 MBE在 GaAs衬底上依次形成第一子电池和第二子电池, 然 后再利用 UHVCVD生长第三子电池和第四子电池。 下具结合具体的制备方法对 本实施的高效率四结太阳能电池进行详细说明。
[0047] 步骤 (1) : 在 MOCVD中, 选用 n型惨杂、 偏向 [111]方向 9°的 GaAs衬底作为外 延生长衬底 001, 在其上依次外延生长 GalnP牺牲截止层 002和 n-GaAs欧姆接触层 003。 其中, 生长衬底 001的厚度 350μηι左右, 惨杂浓度在 1x10 18cm -3 ~ 4x10 18cm 3之间, GalnP牺牲截止层 002的厚度为 200nm, 惨杂 lxl0 18cm - 3, n-GaAs欧姆接 触层 003的厚度为 500nm, 惨杂 5x10 18cm -3
[0048] 步骤 (2) : 在 n-GaAs欧姆接触层 003上生长 GalnP第一子电池, 带隙为 1.9eV, 其各层晶格常数与 GaAs衬底匹配。 具体的, 先生长 η-ΑΙΙηΡ窗口层 101, 厚度为 0. 03μηι, 惨杂浓度约 7xl0 18cm - 3, 然后生长 n-GalnP发射区 102, 厚度约为 Ο.ΐμηι, 惨杂浓度约为 1x10 18cm -3, 然后生长 p-GalnP基区 103, 厚度约为 1.5μηι, 惨杂浓 度约为 2xl0 17cm - 3, 最后生长 p-AlGaAs背场层 104, 厚度约为 0.07μηι, 惨杂浓度 约为 2xl0 18cm -3。 [0049] 步骤 (3) : 在 GalnP第一子电池上生长 p++-AlGaAs/n++-GaInP隧穿结 501。 具 体的, 先生长 p++-AlGaAs层, 厚度 20nm, 惨杂浓度 2x10 2Qcm - 3
, 再生长 n++-GaInP层, 厚度 20nm, 惨杂浓度 2x10 19cm - 3
[0050] 步骤 (4) : 在 p++-AlGaAs/n++-GaInP隧穿结 501上生长 GaAs第二子电池, 带 隙为 1.42eV, 其各层晶格常数与 GaAs衬底匹配。 具体的, 先生长 η-ΑΙΙηΡ窗口层 2 01, 厚度为 0.05μηι, 惨杂浓度约 5xl0 18cm - 3, 然后生长 n-GaAs发射区 202, 厚度 约为 0.2μηι, 惨杂浓度约为 5xl0 17cm -3
, 然后生长 p-GaAs基区 203, 厚度约为 3.0μηι, 惨杂浓度约为 8x10 16cm -3, 最后 生长 p-AlGaAs背场层 204, 厚度约为 0.07μηι, 惨杂浓度约为 1x10 18cm -3
[0051] 步骤 (5) : 在 GaAs第二子电池上生长 p++-GaAs/n++-GaAs隧道结 502,
先生长 p++-GaAs层, 厚度 20nm, 惨杂浓度 2x10 2Qcm - 3, 再生长 n++-GaAs层, 厚 度 20nm, 惨杂浓度 3x10 19cm - 3
[0052] 步骤 (6) : 在 p++-GaAs/n++-GaAs隧穿结 502上生长 GaAs转移隔离层 004, 厚 度大于或等于 200nm, 较佳值为 0.5μηι, 惨杂浓度为 2x10 18cm 3
, 至此完成在 MOCVD中的外延生长。
[0053] 步骤 (7) : 上述完成的结构放入衬底盒中进行密封, 该过程在手套箱中完成
, MOCVD反应腔和手套箱通过一真空传递室连接; 并将上述密封好的样品转移 至 UHVCVD反应腔中, 对样品进行表面热处理 10~20min, 处理温度同上述转移 隔离层在 MOCVD中生长温度一致。
[0054] 步骤 (8) : 在 UHVCVD反应腔中继续外延生长, 在 GaAs缓冲层隧穿结 004上 生长 SiGeSn材料组成, 带隙为 1.0eV, 其中 Si组分 S^ SS Ge组分 SQ^ eS^ ,
Sn组分 6%~8<¾, 其各层晶格常数与 GaAs衬底匹配, 生长温度为 550°C。 在一个 较佳实施例中, 先生长 n-SiSn窗口层 301, 厚度为 0.05μηι, 惨杂浓度约 5x10 18cm
-3, 然后生长 n- Si 0.28Ge 0.654Sn 0.066
发射区 302, 厚度约为 0.2μηι, 惨杂浓度约为 5x10 17cm -3, 然后生长 p- Si。.28Ge。.654 Sn。.。66基区 303, 厚度约为 4.0μηι, 惨杂浓度约为 1x10 17cm -3, 最后生长 p-SiSn背 场层 304, 厚度约为 0.07μηι, 惨杂浓度约为 3x10 18cm -3
[0055] 步骤 (9) : 在 SiGeSn第三子电池上生长 p++-SiGeSn/n++-SiGe隧道结 503, 生 长温度为 480°C, 先生长 p++- SiGeSn层, 厚度 20nm, 惨杂浓度 5x10 19cm - 3, 再 生长 n++-SiGe层, 厚度 20nm, 惨杂浓度 5x10 ¾m - 3
[0056] 步骤 (10) : 在 p++-SiGeSn/n++-SiGe隧穿结 503上生长 SiGe第四子电池, 生长 温度为 520°C, 带隙为 0.7eV, 其各层晶格常数与 GaAs衬底匹配。 先生长 n-SiGeS n窗口层 401, 厚度为 Ο. ΐμηι, 惨杂浓度约 5x10 18cm - 3, 然后生长 n-SiGe发射区 402 , 厚度约为 0.2μηι, 惨杂浓度约为 5x10 17cm -3, 然后生长 p-SiGe基区 403, 厚度约 为 5.0μηι, 惨杂浓度约为 lxl0 17cm -3
, 最后生长 p-SiGeSn背场层 404, 厚度约为 Ο.ΐμηι, 惨杂浓度约为 3x10 18cm -3
[0057] 步骤 (11) : 在 SiGe第四子电池上生长 SiGe盖层 005, 生长温度为 520°C, 厚度 约为 0.5μηι, 惨杂浓度约为 5x10 18cm -3, 完成电池结构外延生长, 如图 1所示。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种倒装四结太阳能电池的制备方法, 其特征在于: 首先利用 MOCV
D或是 MBE在 GaAs衬底上依次形成 GalnP子电池和 GaAs子电池, 然后 再利用 UHVCVD生长 SiGeSn子电池和 SiGe子电池。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种倒装四结太阳能电池的制备方法, 其特征 在于: 首先采用 MOCVD在 GaAs衬底上依次形成 GalnP子电池和 GaAs 子电池和转移隔离层, 再采用 UHVCVD生长 SiGeSn子电池和 SiGe子 电池。
[权利要求 3] —种倒装四结太阳能电池的制作方法, 包括步骤:
(1) 在 MOCVD反应腔内, 于一 GaAs衬底上依次倒装生长腐蚀截止 层、 欧姆接触层、 第一子电池、 第一隧穿结、 第二子电池、 第二隧穿 结和转移隔离层; (2) 将上述样品转移至 UHVCVD反应腔中, 对样 品进行表面热处理;
(3) 在 UHVCVD反应腔中依次生长第三子电池, 第三隧穿结, 第四 子电池和欧姆接触层。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求书 3所述的倒装四结太阳能电池的制作方法, 其特征在 于: 第一子电池为 GalnP子电池, 第二子电池为 GaAs子电池。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求书 3所述的倒装四结太阳能电池的制作方法, 其特征在 于: 所述第三子电池为 SiGeSn子电池, 第四子电池为 SiGe子电池。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求书 3所述的倒装四结太阳能电池的制作方法, 其特征在 于: 所述第三隧穿结、 第四子电池和欧姆接触层生长温度不高于第三 子电池生长温度, 防止第三子电池受热易析出或分解。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求书 3所述的倒装四结太阳能电池的制作方法, 其特征在 于: 所述步骤 (2) 中, 先将步骤 1) 完成的结构放入一衬底盒中进行 密封, 该过程在手套箱中完成, 所述 MOCVD反应腔和所述手套箱通 过一真空传递室连接, 再将上述样品转移至 UHVCVD反应腔中。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求书 3所述的倒装四结太阳能电池的制作方法, 其特征在 于: 所述转移隔离层材料为 GaAs , 厚度大于或等于 200nm, 以获得易 于在 UHVCVD进行电池的二次外延生长的结构。
[权利要求 9] 一种倒装四结太阳能电池, 包括:
GaAs衬底;
第一子电池、 第二子电池和转移隔离层, 采用 MOCVD或者 MBE的生 长方式依次形成于所述 GaAs衬底之上;
第三子电池和第四子电池, 采用 UHVCVD的生长方式依次形成于所 述转移隔离层之上。
[权利要求 10] 根据权利要求书 9所述的一种倒装四结太阳能电池, 其特征在于: 第 三子电池的基区材料由带隙为 l.OeV的 SiGeSn材料组成, 晶格常数与 GaAs匹配, 其中 Si组分 SS^ SS^ , Ge组分 SQ^ SS^ , Sn组分 ό^ δ^
[权利要求 11] 根据权利要求书 9所述的一种倒装四结太阳能电池, 其特征在于: 所 述第四子电池为 SiGe子电池。
[权利要求 12] 根据权利要求书 9所述的一种倒装四结太阳能电池, 其特征在于: 第 一子电池, 第二子电池, 第三子电池和第四子电池的带隙依次降低, 各子电池电流匹配, 各子电池晶格常数与 GaAs衬底匹配。
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