WO2017167501A1 - Composant haute tension et dispositif doté d'un composant haute tension - Google Patents

Composant haute tension et dispositif doté d'un composant haute tension Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017167501A1
WO2017167501A1 PCT/EP2017/053767 EP2017053767W WO2017167501A1 WO 2017167501 A1 WO2017167501 A1 WO 2017167501A1 EP 2017053767 W EP2017053767 W EP 2017053767W WO 2017167501 A1 WO2017167501 A1 WO 2017167501A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coating
voltage component
per meter
range
volts per
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/053767
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Werner Hartmann
Steffen Lang
Thomas RETTENMAIER
Igor Ritberg
Bernd Trautmann
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2017167501A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017167501A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/6623—Details relating to the encasing or the outside layers of the vacuum switch housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H01H2033/66269—Details relating to the materials used for screens in vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H01H2033/66284—Details relating to the electrical field properties of screens in vacuum switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-voltage component according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to a device having a high-voltage component according to the preamble of patent claim 10.
  • Interrupters for medium and / or high voltage switches, field control elements as well as conductors in vacuum-, gas-, liquid- or solid-insulated lines must have a high dielectric strength.
  • the mutual distance (isolation distance) of the high-voltage components can be increased, which disadvantageously leads to a reduced compactness of the systems.
  • a rated voltage of 50 Hz or 60 Hz fundamental frequency with harmonic content up to the kHz range as well as a nominal withstand voltage, which is 50/60 Hz at up to twice the nominal voltage amplitude can be controlled for times up to one minute (load duration).
  • the insulating medium surrounding the high-voltage components typically determines the limits of the controllable electric field strengths or voltages on the surfaces of the field loaded high-voltage components.
  • insulating media in particular insulating gases, are used, which surround the voltage-carrying high-voltage components and have a higher dielectric strength than air.
  • insulating gas sulfur hexafluoride
  • nitrogen at ⁇ play SF As insulating gas (sulfur hexafluoride) or its mixture with nitrogen at ⁇ play SF.
  • liquid insulating media such as transformer oil, or synthetic Isolierflüs- may fluids as well as solid insulating materials such as polymers, ⁇ example, epoxy resins, or ceramics.
  • the dielectric strength in gaseous insulating media can be further increased by, in the insulating gas is encapsulated under elevated pressure. Al ⁇ lerdings this is a correspondingly high effort he ⁇ required to safely encapsulate the insulating gas at the elevated pressure.
  • Other known disadvantages, such as the insulating gas SF 6 are the high greenhouse gas potential of SF 6 and the high cost of liquid or solid insulating media.
  • field control components in the prior art examples play as caps, rings or tori electrical ⁇ rule fields between the high voltage section tries to manage and control.
  • these field control ⁇ components made of metal, in particular made of aluminum.
  • the recommended minimum clearances and thus the compactness of the plant will be ⁇ borders both the field strength on the surface of the field control components as well as by the dielectric strength of the insulating medium used.
  • the present invention is based on the object, the dielectric strength of a high-voltage component fibers to verbes ⁇ .
  • the high-voltage component according to the invention comprises a coating at least in a partial region of its surface, wherein the coating has a surface resistivity which varies nonlinearly with an electric field strength applied to the coating.
  • the coating always has a specific sheet resistance of at least 10 7 ohms at an applied field strength in the range from 10 5 V / m to 10 7 V / m.
  • the Hochputsbau ⁇ part in particular a metallic high-voltage component, which is exposed to a high electric field strength, provided with an electrically conductive with respect to their specific foundedn- chenwiderstand non-linear coating. It is essential for the invention that the surface resistance of the coating of Hochspanungsbauteils at an ⁇ lying field strength in the range of 10 5 V / m to 10 7 V / m does not fall below 10 7 ohms. As a result, the release of a breakdown-initiating electrons (starting electrons) is hindered, in particular prevented, so that significantly higher dielectric strengths can be achieved.
  • the coating can be applied to organic or inorganic polymers.
  • ren for example, epoxy resins, polyimides or silicones, or based on vitreous matrices, for example based on silicates.
  • the polymers or the glassy matrix are up to or beyond their Perkolationsgrenze with an organic or inorganic carrier from a few microns to a maximum of some 10 microns
  • the organic or inorganic Trä ⁇ gerstoff may be coated in inorganic or organic form nanocrystalline particles of non-linear conductive or semi-conductive materials such as doped tin oxide, indium oxide or mixtures thereof, or other conductive additives.
  • non-linear conductive or semi-conductive materials such as doped tin oxide, indium oxide or mixtures thereof, or other conductive additives.
  • doped and undoped semiconductors and semimetals in particular silicon carbide and comparable semiconducting materials, with sizes predominantly in the micrometer or nanometer range are also provided.
  • mixtures of powders with significantly different particle sizes are also advantageous.
  • the claimed ceremoniala ⁇ re dependence of the sheet resistivity of the applied electric field strength can therefore be achieved in many ways.
  • An electrical breakdown within a gaseous insulating medium typically takes place in several steps.
  • starting electrons are required, which are accelerated by means of the applied electric field strength.
  • the liberated start electrons are accelerated until their kinetic energy is sufficient, in the insulating gas by Stoßionisati ⁇ on further electrons (charge carriers) avalanche free ⁇ zen (Townsend discharge).
  • the number of free electrons in the avalanche reaches a critical one Limit, so that a so-called streamer discharge is triggered, which builds a weakly conductive channel to Gegenelekt ⁇ rode. From this then develops the high-current breakdown.
  • the required to breakdown start electrons are provided by field emission from the processes typically metal ⁇ metallic areas of the high-voltage component with high anlie ⁇ gender electric field strength.
  • the Feldemis ⁇ sion of the electrons is for cold surfaces, that is for surfaces with a typical ambient temperature of 300 Kelvin to 500 Kelvin, described by the Fowler-Nordheim equation. This results in required field strengths in the range of 3-10 9 V / m to 5-10 9 V / m from which a clear field emission of electrons begins.
  • the field enhancement factor beta summarizes the non-ideal properties of the surface of the high voltage ⁇ assembly member corrective in the microscopic range.
  • the invention is based on the finding that the field emission can be significantly reduced with the coating according to the invention of the high-voltage component or can be shifted to higher field strengths. As a result, the dielectric strength is shifted to significantly higher voltages under otherwise identical conditions, so that a more compact Construction is made possible by reducing the distances of the voltage ⁇ bearing components. In other words, the field superelevation factor ⁇ is reduced by the high-voltage component according to the invention with the coating according to the invention.
  • the conductivity of the coating decreases significantly due to its nonlinear sheet resistivity, so that the electron-emitting regions increase in size virtually.
  • a further advantage of the present invention is that the growth of field-emitting structures is impeded or even prevented under high applied electric field strengths, so that these structures can no longer form and reinforce.
  • the growth processes of struc ⁇ ren can form by a rearrangement of surface structures, but also by erecting nanowire-like structures (whiskers). Both processes for forming the growth processes can be suppressed by the high-voltage component according to the invention.
  • a high-voltage component with a coating which with respect to the electric field strength a has nonlinear conductivity (or correspondingly a non ⁇ linear surface resistivity) such that it is approximately constant below a first limit of the electrical ⁇ 's field strength and increases above this limit exponentially with a predetermined exponent. Below a second limit value as this ⁇ derum assumes an approximately constant value.
  • the high-voltage component according to the invention with the Inventive ⁇ coating according rather leads to a reduction of the field enhancement factor beta and thus to a reduction of the field-emission current at a given outer adjacent macroscopic field strength as well as to an advantageous limitation of the field emission current and thus to a stabilization ⁇ tion of his field emission behavior.
  • the dielectric strength of the high-voltage component can be further increased.
  • the coating of the high-voltage component is in the range at an applied field strength from 10 5 V / m to 10 7 V / m has a surface resistivity of at most 5-10 10 ohms, in particular of at most 10 10 ohms.
  • the coating may preferably have an area resistivity in the range from 10 3 V / m to 10 5 V / m, a specific sheet resistance of at least 5-10 9 ohm, in particular
  • the coating especially of at least 10 ohms. It is particularly preferred for the coating to have a specific sheet resistance of at most 10 13 ohms, in particular of at most 10 12 ohms, at an applied field strength in the range from 10 3 V / m to 10 5 V / m. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the coating always has a specific sheet resistance of at least 2-10 8 ohms and at most 6-10 8 ohms with an applied field strength in the range of 2 ⁇ 10 6 V / m to 10 7 V / m.
  • the surface resistivity of the coating at an applied field strength in the range of 5-10 4 V / m to 5-10 5 V / m with respect to the applied electric field strength an approximately constant non-linear exponent in the range of 3 to 6, in particular in the range of 4 to 5 on.
  • the coating of the high-voltage component has an average thickness ranging from 20 .mu.m to 500 .mu.m, in particular ⁇ sondere in the range of 50 ym to 200 ym on.
  • the coating of the high voltage ⁇ member in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the high-voltage component ⁇ a lower specific conductivity than in its direction tangential to the surface of the high-voltage component on.
  • the conductivity of the high-voltage ⁇ component has an anisotropy.
  • the guide may ability of the high voltage component also be isotropic.
  • Anisotropic conductivity of the high-voltage component can be achieved, for example, by virtue of the fact that the carrier particles coated with semiconductive particles are platelike, that is to say they have an elongated, extending shape with one
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a high-voltage component according to the present invention, the device being designed as a vacuum interrupter, insulator, high-voltage bushing or high-voltage cable end cap.
  • an increased fürschlagfes ⁇ activity of the device in particular for vacuum interrupters, insulators, high-voltage bushings or high-voltage cable end caps can be achieved.
  • this has a housing with a gas-insulated interior, which includes the high-voltage component.
  • the dielectric strength of the device can thereby be further increased, for example by an insulating gas filled in the interior.
  • Possible insulation ⁇ gases are, for example SF 6 or mixtures of SF 6 with nitrogen and fluoroketones, fluorinated nitriles and ver ⁇ rable substances or mixtures of said substances with air, carbon dioxide (C0 2) and / or nitrogen.
  • the coating of the high voltage component ⁇ extends at least partially, in particular fully ⁇ constantly, adjacent to the portion of the coating insulation components of the device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic course of a nonlinear sheet resistivity according to the invention (sheet resistance / voltage characteristic).
  • the single FIGURE shows a diagram 1, which illustrates a nonlinear sheet resistance-voltage characteristic (characteristic curve) of a high-voltage component according to the invention.
  • Characteristic curve As sheet resistance-voltage characteristic of the depen ⁇ dependence of the specific surface resistance is in this case designated by the anlie ⁇ constricting the electric field strength. In other words, the characteristic is indicated by the curve 42 in the illustrated diagram.
  • the adjacent elekt ⁇ generic field strength in V / m is applied (volts per meter).
  • the ordinate 102 of the diagram 1 plots the specific area resistance of the high-voltage component in ohms.
  • the dimension of the sheet resistivity is typically also the unit ohms / D (ohms / square). However, this only serves to identify that it is a sheet resistance.
  • the electric field strength and the sheet resistivity are plotted logarithmically on their respective axes of the diagram 1, so that the diagram 1 shows a double logarithmic representation of the characteristic 42.
  • the characteristic curve having at a temperature at ⁇ electric field strength in the range of 10 5 V / m to 10 7 V / m is always a surface resistivity of 10 7 ohm we ⁇ tendonss 42nd In the example shown the sheet resistivity in the range of the field strength even above 10 8 ohms.
  • the characteristic curve 42 assumes an approximately constant value at an applied field strength in the range from 10 6 V / m to 10 7 V / m, that is to say the specific surface resistance of the high-voltage component is in the range from 10 6 V / m to 10 7 V / m approximately kon ⁇ constant.
  • characteristic curve 42 has a surface resistivity of at least 10 9 ohms, in particular WE ⁇ tendonss 10 10 Ohm, or at least 10 11 Ohm at.
  • the sheet resistivity in the range of 10 3 V / m to 10 4 V / m has an approximately constant value of 10 12 ohms.
  • the sheet resistivity for both high electric field strengths i.e., at field ⁇ strengthen the range of 10 6 V / m to 10 7 V / m and / or larger than even at low field strengths, i.e. at field strengths in the range from 10 3 V / m to 10 4 V / m and / or less an approximately constant value.
  • the specific surface resistance or the characteristic 42 has an approximately linear course with a negative slope.
  • This approximate linear course with ne ⁇ gativer slope corresponds
  • variable a therefore corresponds to the nonlinear exponent, which is typically in the range of 3 to 6, in particular in the range of 4 to 5.
  • the sheet resistivity is largely independent of the applied electric field strength and thus constant.
  • the sheet resistivity decreases with a further increase to ⁇ lying field strength advantageously no further.
  • the characteristic curve 42 typically has a reversal point, for example in the range of 5 ⁇ 10 3 V / m to 2 ⁇ 10 4 V / m, in particular in the range of 10 3 V / m to 50 - 10 3 V / m.
  • the characteristic curve 42 of the high-voltage component can be, for example, as described in the description, by organic or inorganic polymers, for example epoxy resins,
  • Polyimides or silicones can be achieved with a glassy matrix, for example based on silicates, which are filled up to or beyond their percolation limit with a or ⁇ ganic or inorganic carrier of typically a few microns to a maximum of some 10 microns.
  • the carrier is in this case coated with nanocrystalline particles of a nonlinear conductive, for example a semiconducting material.
  • Gege ⁇ appropriate, other conductive additives may be used in inorganic or organic form.

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  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un composant haute tension qui comporte un revêtement sur au moins une zone partielle de sa surface, le revêtement présentant une résistance en surface spécifique variant non linéairement avec une intensité de champ électrique appliquée sur le revêtement. Selon l'invention, pour une intensité de champ appliquée dans la plage de 105 volts par mètre à 107 volts par mètre, le revêtement présente toujours une résistance en surface spécifique d'au moins 107 ohms.
PCT/EP2017/053767 2016-03-30 2017-02-20 Composant haute tension et dispositif doté d'un composant haute tension WO2017167501A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016205201 2016-03-30
DE102016205201.2 2016-03-30
DE102016217625.0A DE102016217625A1 (de) 2016-03-30 2016-09-15 Hochspannungsbauteil und Vorrichtung mit einem Hochspannungsbauteil
DE102016217625.0 2016-09-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017167501A1 true WO2017167501A1 (fr) 2017-10-05

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PCT/EP2017/053767 WO2017167501A1 (fr) 2016-03-30 2017-02-20 Composant haute tension et dispositif doté d'un composant haute tension

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WO (1) WO2017167501A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021201781A1 (de) * 2021-02-25 2022-08-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung für Mittel- und/oder Hochspannungsanwendungen

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014213944A1 (de) * 2014-07-17 2016-01-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung für Mittel- und/oder Hochspannungsanwendungen
WO2017012740A1 (fr) * 2015-07-21 2017-01-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Composant de la technique énergétique, en particulier tube commutateur à vide

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2821479B1 (fr) * 2001-02-28 2003-04-11 Alstom Materiau isolant pour surmoulage sur appareils moyenne et haute tension, et appareils electriques moyenne et haute tension utilisant un tel materiau
JP4291013B2 (ja) * 2003-03-04 2009-07-08 株式会社日本Ａｅパワーシステムズ 真空バルブ
JP4403782B2 (ja) * 2003-11-17 2010-01-27 株式会社日立製作所 真空スイッチギヤ
DE102010052889A1 (de) * 2010-12-01 2012-06-06 Merck Patent Gmbh Teilleitfähige dielektrische Beschichtungen und Gegenstände

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014213944A1 (de) * 2014-07-17 2016-01-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Schaltvorrichtung für Mittel- und/oder Hochspannungsanwendungen
WO2017012740A1 (fr) * 2015-07-21 2017-01-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Composant de la technique énergétique, en particulier tube commutateur à vide

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DE102016217625A1 (de) 2017-10-05

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