WO2017158739A1 - 光加工装置および造形装置 - Google Patents
光加工装置および造形装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017158739A1 WO2017158739A1 PCT/JP2016/058204 JP2016058204W WO2017158739A1 WO 2017158739 A1 WO2017158739 A1 WO 2017158739A1 JP 2016058204 W JP2016058204 W JP 2016058204W WO 2017158739 A1 WO2017158739 A1 WO 2017158739A1
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- Prior art keywords
- light source
- light
- mirror
- nozzle head
- light beam
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0643—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising mirrors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/0665—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by beam condensation on the workpiece, e.g. for focusing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/067—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing
- B23K26/0673—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing into independently operating sub-beams, e.g. beam multiplexing to provide laser beams for several stations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
- B23K26/0876—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
- B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
- B23K26/147—Features outside the nozzle for feeding the fluid stream towards the workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
Definitions
- the present invention irradiates a processing surface with light such as laser light, and injects a fluid containing the powder material into the irradiated portion, for example, so that the light used for optical processing for melting and modeling the powder material
- the present invention relates to a processing apparatus, and in particular, relates to improvement in mobility and processing accuracy of a processing head (optical processing head, nozzle head) or nozzle movement of an optical processing apparatus.
- Patent Document 1 belonging to the above technical field discloses a processing head in which a powder injection unit that injects a powder material toward a processing point and a condensing optical system that collects energy of processing light are integrated. Yes.
- the nozzle which is the powder injection part, and the condensing optical system are integrated, so the optical processing head is heavy, and the mobility when moving the optical processing head is high. Was low.
- the light source for processing light such as laser light is heavy and has low mobility. For this reason, it is difficult to move the light source together with the optical processing head. Therefore, conventionally, the light source is fixed, the light source and the optical processing head are connected by an optical fiber, and the optical processing head is moved.
- the optical fiber itself is not thin and heavy, if a coating that protects the optical fiber is included, the weight and volume increase, and the fiber moving with the optical processing head may interfere with other equipment. Therefore, not only the condensing optical system of the optical processing head but also the optical fiber has been an obstacle to lower the mobility of the entire processing apparatus.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an optical processing apparatus in which the mobility of the movement of the nozzle head is improved in an optical processing apparatus in which the nozzle head is movable with respect to the light source (relative position is variable).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a technique for solving the above-described problems.
- the above purpose is to propagate the processing light beam (light beam) from the light source to the nozzle head in the open space, capture the processing light beam propagating in the open space with the optical system of the nozzle head, and further determine the traveling direction of the processed light beam
- This can be achieved by providing an optical processing device that can be converted into the processing point direction of the nozzle head and sent to the processing point.
- the open space is in the atmosphere, in an inert gas, or in a vacuum.
- the inert gas include helium, nitrogen, and argon.
- an optical processing apparatus comprises: An optical processing apparatus that scans the processing region by moving the nozzle head while irradiating a light beam for optical processing via the nozzle head with respect to a processing region having a one-dimensional or larger spread, A light source that emits the light beam for light processing toward the nozzle head into an open space; A hollow nozzle, and a light beam direction converting optical system that receives the light beam emitted from the light source and propagated through the open space, and converts the propagation direction of the received light beam into the processing region direction in the processing region.
- a nozzle head having, A main scanning direction moving mechanism for moving the nozzle head in the main scanning direction of the processing region; Have
- a modeling apparatus comprising the optical processing apparatus for performing layered modeling,
- the nozzle head has a suction portion for sucking powder material, and sprays the sucked powder material toward the processing point.
- the mobility of the optical processing apparatus can be improved.
- the optical processing apparatus of 1st Embodiment of this invention shows the structure of the optical processing apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention.
- diffusion or a loss. is there.
- the light beam from the light source follows the movement of the moving nozzle head and reaches the nozzle head because the flat plate mirror for relaying the light beam from the light source and guiding it to the nozzle head It is provided on a slider that moves in synchronization with the movement of the head.
- FIG. 10 shows the structure of the light beam direction conversion optical system 1400 of 1st Embodiment of this invention.
- the light beam traveling along the X-axis guide rail 1040XR is refracted toward the condenser lens 1070 by the plane mirror 1046 of the light beam direction conversion optical system 1400, and the parallel light beam is converged at the processing point 1060 by the condenser lens 1070.
- the nozzle head follows the movement on the XY plane as time passes (t1 ⁇ t2 ⁇ t3), and the processing point (condensing point or convergence point of the light beam) is processed.
- FIG. 7 particularly integrates the functions of the direction conversion mirror and the condenser lens of the first embodiment.
- a rotationally symmetric mirror 2400 is shown.
- the light source beam is preferably a parallel beam.
- the optical processing apparatus 2500 of the second embodiment in FIG. 7 when the nozzle head is moved in a two-dimensional plane, the light beam from the light source is moving. An operation (the rotation angle ( ⁇ ) and the configuration of the light source 2001) that follows the incident opening 2022 of the nozzle head is shown.
- the optical processing apparatus 2500 of the second embodiment in which the light source is placed obliquely above the nozzle head, the distance from the light source varies due to the movement of the nozzle head 2000. In this case, the reason why it is necessary to adjust the height (Lz) of the light source 2001 in order to enable the incident light beam to follow the incident aperture 2022 is described.
- the incident aperture 2022 of the incident light beam It is a figure explaining the principle which controls the focal distance of the condensing optical system of the light source 3001I which generate
- the optical processing apparatus of the present invention is formed by laminating a powder material by processing light (processing light, light, light beam). This is applied to a modeling apparatus to be performed. Since the modeling apparatus is substantially the same as the optical processing apparatus, it is generally referred to as “optical processing apparatus” in the present specification.
- the common problem of the first embodiment device, the second embodiment device, and these embodiment devices and modified embodiment devices is that light energy is propagated to the nozzle head when optical processing is performed while moving the nozzle head.
- a light propagation medium such as an optical fiber that acts as a physical disturbance force for nozzle head operation, and using an open space as a propagation medium
- the light energy from the light source is propagated to the processing point through the nozzle head.
- the light energy may be electromagnetic wave energy in any wavelength region such as visible light, millimeter wave, infrared light, and ultraviolet light.
- parallel light is used as the processing light beam emitted from the light source.
- a rotationally symmetric mirror an ellipsoidal mirror or a rotating paraboloidal mirror
- condensed light is used for the first embodiment of the ellipsoidal mirror
- parallel light is used for the latter paraboloidal mirror.
- the optical processing apparatus 1500 includes a nozzle head 1000 that moves independently of the light source (that is, the relative position is variable), as in the optical processing apparatus according to the second embodiment, and its application fields. Is an apparatus that forms a three-dimensional structure or generates overlay welding by melting a powder material in a fluid with heat generated by light collected by a nozzle head (processing nozzle) 1000.
- the optical processing apparatus 1500 In addition to the nozzle head 1000, the optical processing apparatus 1500 according to the first embodiment generates a processing light beam (processing light, a light beam, a light beam) and applies the processing light beam to the nozzle head 1000 in the form of a parallel beam (parallel light beam).
- a light source 1001 that emits light
- a stage 1005 on which a processing substrate 1008 to be processed is placed
- a material storage device 1006 that stores powder material
- a material pipe 1030 that supplies the powder material to the nozzle head 1000
- a nozzle head 1000 A moving nozzle head moving mechanism 1040 and a control unit 1002 for controlling the operation of the optical processing apparatus 1500 are provided.
- a laser light source is used as the light source 1001 for the sake of convenience, but an LED (Light Emitting Diode), a halogen lamp, a xenon lamp, or the like can also be used.
- the light beam used for melting the material is not limited to the laser beam, and any light beam that can melt the powder material at the processing point 1060 may be used.
- a light beam such as an electromagnetic wave in a microwave to ultraviolet region may be used.
- the material container 1006 supplies a carrier gas containing a material (powder, powder material) to the nozzle head 1000 via the material pipe 1030.
- the material is a powder material such as metal particles and resin particles.
- the carrier gas is an inert gas, and may be a fluid such as argon gas, nitrogen gas, or helium gas.
- the material pipe 1030 is, for example, a resin or metal hose, and guides the powder flow in which the material is mixed into the carrier gas to the nozzle head 1000.
- the material may be a wire, and in this case, no carrier gas is required.
- the nozzle head 1000 may have a structure called a coaxial type, for example.
- the nozzle head 1000 has a rotationally symmetric axis and is composed of a rotationally symmetric outer casing and an inner casing that taper toward the processing point 1060. Both are arranged such that a gap (slit) is formed.
- the powder flow passes through this slit and is injected to the processing point 1060 and converges at the processing point 1060.
- the spot diameter of the powder can be changed by changing the width of the slit. That is, by sliding the external housing and changing the slit width, the width of the linear shaped object can be changed, and fine writing or bold writing can be realized.
- the control unit 1002 inputs modeling conditions such as fine writing or thick writing, changes the output value of the laser light from the light source 1001 according to the input modeling conditions, and slides the outer casing of the nozzle head 1000. Thereby, the powder spot diameter of the powder injected from the nozzle head 1000 is controlled in accordance with the diameter of the molten pool formed on the processed substrate 1008.
- nozzle head moving mechanism 1040 Details of the nozzle head moving mechanism 1040 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. A detailed configuration of the nozzle head moving mechanism 1040 of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG.
- the nozzle head moving mechanism 1040 moves the nozzle head 1000 to a desired position in the XY plane formed by the X axis (1020X) and the Y axis (1020Y) according to a predetermined program in the control unit 1002. Therefore, the nozzle head 1000 is moved to a coordinate position in an arbitrary XY coordinate system.
- the XY plane is a horizontal plane perpendicular to the vertical direction
- the Z-axis (1020Z) direction is an axis perpendicular to the XY plane.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the normal line of the XY plane may be oriented in any direction instead of being vertical.
- the normal line of the XY plane is not limited to the vertical direction. When the normal direction is set to the vertical direction, there is an advantage that excess powder material that has not been used for processing falls in the vertical direction and is easy to collect.
- One end of the Y-axis guide rail 1040YR extending along the Y-axis direction is fixed to a fixed object corresponding to a predetermined fixed position in the coordinate system of the positioning program of the control unit 1002.
- the Y-axis slider 1040YS moves freely along the Y-axis guide rail 1040YR according to the positioning program.
- the X-axis guide rail 1040XR is fixed to the Y-axis slider 1040YS so that the X-axis guide rail 1040XR is orthogonal to the Y-axis guide rail 1040YR.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the X-axis guide rail 1040XR may be attached so as to cross the Y-axis guide rail 1040YR.
- the X-axis guide rail 1040XR fixed to the Y-axis slider 1040YS becomes orthogonal (or obliquely) to the Y-axis guide rail 1040YR. Move while keeping.
- the X-axis slider 1040XS freely moves on the X-axis guide rail 1040XR parallel to the X-axis.
- the nozzle head 1000 main body is fixed to the X-axis slider 1040XS.
- the X-axis position of the nozzle head 1000 can be positioned by moving the X-axis slider 1040XS along the X-axis guide rail 1040XR.
- the Y-axis slider 1040YS is fixed at a predetermined position on the X-axis guide rail 1040XR, and the Y-axis slider 1040YS itself is along the Y-axis guide rail 1040YR penetrating through the Y-axis direction (see FIG. 1), but does not move in the X-axis direction (ie, the direction of the arrow 1020X).
- connection unit 1007 sends a command for moving the X-axis slider 1040XS to the “x1” position and the Y-axis slider 1040YS as “ Send command to move to “Y1” position.
- the nozzle head moving mechanism 1040 of the first embodiment sends a command to the X-axis slider 1040XS and the Y-axis slider 1040YS via the positioning program of the control unit 1002, thereby moving the nozzle head 1000 to a desired processing position ( X, Y).
- the light source 1001 of the first embodiment emits a parallel light beam 1042 so that the light beam reaches a flat mirror 1046 provided in the nozzle head 1000 as a light beam direction reversal optical system.
- the light source (3001) of the first example using a spheroid mirror as a light direction reversal optical system in the second embodiment to be described later emits a condensed light beam, and on the other hand, a second using a paraboloid mirror.
- parallel rays are used.
- the light source 1001 in contrast to the nozzle head 1000 moving freely in the XY plane, the light source 1001 does not move to a fixed position. Unlike the light sources (2001, 3001, 4001) of the second embodiment, the light source 1001 of the first embodiment does not need to move in the XY plane or in the Z direction. Incidentally, the light source of the second embodiment does not need to be moved in the XY plane, but may be moved in the Z direction.
- the light source 1001 of the first embodiment directs parallel light (1042X or 1042Y) directly to the nozzle head 1000 if the scanning system is one-dimensional, and in the XY two-dimensional scanning system, a light beam direction conversion mirror for relay. Irradiate toward 1045.
- the parallel state does not change even when traveling in open space. Further, between the light source 1001 and the nozzle head 1000, only the light direction conversion mirror 1045 and the flat mirror 1046 are provided, and an optical system such as a lens for changing the magnification is not used.
- This parallel light beam 1042 is between the light source 1001 and the nozzle head 1000, no matter how the nozzle head 1000 moves in the XY plane, the distance between the light source 1001 and the light beam direction changing mirror 1045, or the light beam direction conversion mirror 1045. Even if the distance between the flat mirrors 1046 expands and contracts, the parallel light state is maintained, that is, the energy density of the light beam is maintained at the time of emission and reaches the nozzle head 1000.
- the light beam direction conversion mirror 1045 and the flat mirror 1046 are fixed to the Y-axis slider 1040YS and the nozzle head 1000, respectively.
- a parallel light beam is guided in real time to the flat plate mirror 1046 of the moved nozzle head 1000 even if the nozzle head 1000 moves in the XY plane. Is also possible.
- the nozzle head (or optical processing head) 1000 includes a nozzle portion 1007, and the nozzle portion 1007 includes, for example, two concentric hollow conduits inside. However, it is not restricted to such a structure. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the nozzle head 1000 includes a nozzle portion 1007 and an optical system portion.
- the condensed light beam passes through the central pipe line of the nozzle portion 1007, and the powder flow passes through the outer pipe line.
- the light beam and the powder flow are emitted from the tip of the nozzle head 1000 and merge at a processing point on the processing substrate 1008 to form a molten pool, and modeling is performed.
- the nozzle portion 1007 of the nozzle head 1000 Inside the nozzle portion 1007 of the nozzle head 1000, it is supplied from the material container 1006 together with the processing light beam (processing light, light beam, light beam) condensed toward the processing point 1060 by the condensing optical system of the nozzle head 1000. Similarly, the powder is supplied toward the processing point 1060, and as a result, both are sent from the outlet of the nozzle portion 1007 to the processing point 1060, and the powder is heated by processing light (processing light, light, light beam). As described above, it is melted by.
- processing light beam processing light, light beam, light beam
- the nozzle head 1000 includes a condensing lens 1070 (see FIG. 2) for condensing light rays (light), and a nozzle portion 1007 is attached downstream of the condensing lens 1070.
- the laser light supplied to the nozzle head 1000 is adjusted so as to be condensed on the processing surface 1060 via a condensing lens 1070 provided inside, and irradiated to the processing surface 1060 through the nozzle portion 1007. Is done.
- the condensing lens 1070 is provided so that the condensing position can be controlled by controlling the relative position with respect to the nozzle portion 1007.
- a condenser lens 1070 is provided immediately above the nozzle portion 1007, and a processing light beam (processing light, light beam, light beam) whose energy density is increased by condensing the parallel light beam 1042 from the light source 1001 is formed at the processing point 1060. To reach.
- a processing light beam processing light, light beam, light beam
- the normal line of the flat mirror 1046 is provided with an inclination of 45 degrees with respect to both the X axis and the Z axis.
- the optical processing apparatus 1500 can shorten the processing lead time by continuously supplying the processing light beam to the nozzle head 1000 without a break when the nozzle head 1000 is moving.
- the processing light beam may be a pulse laser or the like.
- the light source 1001 of the first embodiment is placed at a fixed position and does not move in any of X, Y, and Z directions.
- a Y-axis slider 1040YS is used to cause the processing light beam emitted from the light source 1001 along the Y-axis direction 1020Y to reach the nozzle head 1000.
- a processed ray (ray, ray beam, parallel ray) reflected by the ray direction conversion mirror 1045 and propagating along the X axis direction 1020X is lowered toward the nozzle portion 1007 by the flat plate mirror 1046 provided on the X axis slider 1040XS. It is bent in (Z direction 1020Z).
- the normal line of the light beam direction conversion mirror 1045 on the Y-axis slider 1040YS is inclined 45 degrees with respect to both the Y-axis and the X-axis, and is orthogonal to the Z-axis direction.
- the flat mirror 1046 on the nozzle head 1000 is inclined 45 degrees with respect to the Y axis and the Z axis.
- the plane formed by the X axis guide rail 1040XS and the Y axis guide rail 1040YS is formed by the X coordinate axis and the Y coordinate axis. Parallel to the XY plane. Further, a plane formed by the light beam 1042Y directed from the light source 1001 toward the Y-axis slider 1040YS and the light beam 1042X reflected by the light beam direction conversion mirror 1045 provided on the Y-axis slider 1040YS is also parallel to the XY plane. .
- the light beam (parallel light beam) 1042Y emitted from the light source 1001 is converted into a light beam (parallel light beam) 1042X along the X-axis guide rail 1040XS by a light beam direction conversion mirror 1045 provided on the Y-axis slider 1040.
- a light beam direction conversion mirror 1045 provided on the Y-axis slider 1040.
- the beam direction conversion reflection mirror 1045 and the flat plate mirror 1046 guide the processing beam 1042 to the position of the nozzle head 1000 regardless of the position of the nozzle head 1000 on the XY plane. That is, as described above, in the processing apparatus 1500 of the first embodiment, even if the nozzle head 1000 moves, the processing light beam accurately follows the movement of the nozzle head 1000 and reaches the nozzle head 1000.
- the processing apparatus 1500 has a light beam that reaches the nozzle head (processing head, optical processing head) 1000 regardless of the position, moving speed, and moving direction of the nozzle head (processing head, optical processing head) 1000. Does not fluctuate energy. In other words, the loss of light energy due to propagation in open space is minimal.
- FIG. 3 is an XZ cross-sectional view of the configuration of the light beam direction conversion optical system 1400 provided in the nozzle head 1000.
- the light beam direction converting optical system 1400 converts the propagation direction of the parallel light beam 1042X parallel to the X axis into the Z axis direction (the light beam is assumed to be “1042Z-C” as shown in FIG. 3), Z A condensing lens 1070 that condenses the light beam whose direction is changed in the axial direction.
- the collected condensed light 1042Z-F enters the opening 1022 of the inner pipe line of the nozzle portion 1007 and is irradiated toward the processing point 1060.
- the powder flow passes through the pipe line outside the nozzle portion 1007 and is blown out toward the processing point 1060.
- the condensed light 1042Z-F performs lamination processing or the like on the processing point 1060.
- the nozzle head 1000 can perform a laminating process in a two-dimensional plane region by moving the X-axis slider 1040XS or the Y-axis slider 1040YS.
- FIG. 3 shows only the X-axis guide rail 1040XR on which the X-axis slider 1040XS slides out of the two guide rails, and the illustration of the Y-axis slider 1040YS and the like is omitted for simplification of description. That is, in FIG. 1, the light beam emitted from the light source 1001 is directed to the Y-axis slider 1040YS, but in FIG. 3, the Y-axis slider 1040YS is not illustrated and only the light beam directed to the flat mirror 1046 of the X-axis slider 1040XS is shown. Yes.
- FIG. 2 and FIG. 5 show both the Y-direction light beam 1042Y and the X-direction light beam 1042X without simplification.
- the light emitted from the light source 1001 becomes a parallel light beam by the action of the condenser lens 1003-CL.
- the parallel light beam (parallel light) 1042Y emitted from the light source 1001 enters the light beam direction conversion mirror 1045 of the Y-axis slider 1040 YS, where it is bent by 90 degrees by reflection, and X
- the light enters the flat mirror 1046 of the axis slider 1040XS.
- the full reflection mirror 1046 bends the parallel light beam (parallel light) 1042X by 90 degrees by reflection and makes it enter the condenser lens 1070 below (vertically downward).
- the condensing lens 1070 condenses the condensed light 1042Z-F toward the processing point 1060.
- the parallel light beam (parallel light) 1042X from the light source 1001 reaches the flat mirror 1046 of the X-axis slider 1040XS via the light beam direction conversion mirror 1045 (not shown in FIG. 3).
- the parallel rays (parallel rays) 1042Z-C reflected and bent by the flat mirror 1046 enter the condenser lens 1070 in the same manner.
- the condensing lens 1070 converts the parallel light beam toward the processing point 1060 and converts it into condensed light (condensed light beam) 1042Z-F.
- the parallel light beam from the light source 1001 enters the flat mirror 1046 installed on the X-axis slider 1040 XS provided with the nozzle head 1000 as the parallel light beam.
- the flat mirror 1046 changes the direction of the parallel light and reflects it, and further converts it into condensed light 1042-F by the condensing lens 1070 and uses it for processing the processing point 1060.
- the parallel light beam is maintained no matter how the X-axis slider 1040XS or the Y-axis slider 1040YS moves. Be drunk. Accordingly, the processed light beam (processed light beam, light beam, and light beam) is kept as parallel light between the light source 1001 and the flat mirror 1046 without being condensed or diverged. That is, the energy of the processing light beam (processing light, light beam, light beam) received by the flat mirror 1046 of the nozzle head 1000 is the same amount as the energy of the processing light beam emitted from the light source 1001. In other words, the energy applied to the processing point 1060 is the same regardless of the position at which the nozzle head 1000 moves in the XY plane at any speed. That is, uniform melt processing is realized.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing the nozzle head 1000 and the light source 1001 when the Y-axis slider 1040YS is stopped at the coordinate position Y0 in order to simplify the explanation.
- the time t changes from t1 to t2 to t3
- the coordinate value of the X-axis slider 1040XS changes from x1 to x2 to x3.
- the path of the parallel light beam 1042 changes from 1042 (t1) ⁇ 1042 (t2) ⁇ 1042 (t3), and the parallel light state is maintained even if the path length changes. Therefore, it is shown that the irradiation energy of the processing light beam at the processing point 1060 is not changed and is equal. Therefore, machining at the machining point 1060 is performed according to the specifications of the machining program.
- the nozzle head 1000 and the light source 1001 are separated, and the relative positions can be changed independently of each other.
- the processing light beam is sent from the light source 1001 toward the nozzle head 1000 through the open space. Therefore, since the fiber cable, which has conventionally been an obstacle to the dynamic operation of the head, is eliminated between the nozzle head 1000 and the light source 1001, the mobility of the operation of the nozzle head 1000 can be improved.
- the light source 1001 can be converted into parallel rays using the lens 1003-CL as shown in FIG. That is, the light source spot of the light source 1001 and the focused spot on the processing point 1060 side have a conjugate relationship. Thereby, the magnitude
- a mechanism such as a zoom lens may be used. It is also possible to improve the modeling accuracy by changing the beam profile of the light beam emitted from the light beam 1001. At this time, a mechanism for changing the beam profile may be provided in the light source 1001.
- the zoom lens mechanism for changing the light source spot and the beam profile variable mechanism can be incorporated in the light source 1001.
- the nozzle head 1000 can be made lightweight and mobility can be improved.
- the moving mechanism of the nozzle head 1000 is such that the parallel light from the light source 1001 is parallel to the Y-axis slider YS to the nozzle head 1000 by a relay optical system (1045) and a light direction changing optical system (1046). Can be propagated in parallel to the X-axis slider XS.
- the incident state (incident angle, incident position) of parallel rays incident on the flat mirror 1046 can always be the same regardless of the movement of the nozzle head 1000.
- the light beam reaching the nozzle head 1000 becomes a parallel light beam having the same energy density as the light beam emitted from the light source 1001. Thereby, the uniform processing accuracy of the laminating process in all the process object area
- the light beam direction conversion mirror 1045 and the flat mirror 1046 are fixed to the sliders 1040XS and 1040YS, and the relative position with respect to the sliders 1040XS and 1040YS need not be changed in accordance with the movement of the nozzle head 1000. is there.
- the emitted light 1042Y from the light source 1001 is parallel to the Y axis, and the moving direction of the beam direction conversion mirror 1045 that moves in the Y axis direction together with the X axis guide rail 1040XR parallel to the X axis is also parallel to the Y axis.
- the parallel light 1042X is achieved by being parallel to the X-axis guide rail XR.
- the nozzle head 1000 is absorbed by the movement of the light beam direction conversion mirror 1045 regardless of the displacement in the azimuth direction of the nozzle head 1000 with respect to the light source 1001 that occurs when the nozzle head 1000 moves two-dimensionally on the XY plane. Accordingly, in the first embodiment, it is possible to ensure the followability of the emitted light from the light source 1001 with respect to the flat mirror 1046 of the nozzle head 1000 that freely moves in a two-dimensional plane.
- the guide rail can be scanned in a two-dimensional plane by two of the X-axis guide rail 1040SR and the Y-axis guide rail 1040YR.
- the present invention can be applied to only one of the guide rail 1040SR and the Y-axis guide rail 1040YR, that is, a processing apparatus for one-dimensional operation.
- the first embodiment is an application example having a single nozzle head 1000, a modification using a plurality of processing heads (multiheads) is also possible.
- the machining apparatus 1700 includes five pairs of X-axis direction guide rails (X-GR (n)) parallel to the X axis and a pair of Y axes parallel to the Y axis.
- Five processing heads (HEAD- # 1 to # 5) are freely positioned on a plane formed by the guide rail (Y-GR (n)).
- the individual processing heads (HEAD) of the modification are not different from the nozzle head 1000 of FIG. 2 of the first embodiment. That is, each processing head (HEAD) moves along a full reflection mirror (FM) that refracts parallel light parallel to the X axis vertically downward and a full reflection by moving along the X axis guide rail (X-GR).
- An X-axis slider (X-SLD) that moves the mirror (FM) is included.
- the nth X-axis guide rail (X-GR (n)) is supported by a Y-axis slider (Y-SLD (n)) that freely moves along the Y-axis guide rail (Y-GR).
- Y-SLD (n) a Y-axis slider
- an arbitrary nth Y-axis slider (Y-SLD (n)) moves on the Y-axis guide rail (Y-GR) and is supported by the moving Y-axis slider (Y-SLD (n)).
- the X-axis slider (X-SLD (n)) moves in the X-axis direction on the X-axis guide rail (X-GR (n)), so that any head (HEAD (n)) can be It can be positioned at any coordinate position on the axis.
- the mirror HM provided on the Y-axis slider (Y-SLD (n)) is a half mirror that reflects part of incident light and transmits part of it. is there.
- HEAD (n) five processing heads (HEAD (n)) share one processing light beam from one light source (not shown).
- the energy of the light beam from one light source is distributed to five processing heads (HEAD (n)), and the transmittance (T) and reflectance (R) of the half mirror (HM (n)) are appropriately adjusted.
- T transmittance
- R reflectance
- the energy amount of the light beam poured into the full reflection mirror (FM (n)) of each processing head (HEAD (n)) can be individually controlled.
- HEAD (n) For the rate (R), the settings shown in the following table (Table 1) are used.
- the number of machining heads (HEAD (n)) is five, and it is n. If the energy of one parallel beam from the light source is I (W: Watt), it is equally supplied to each of the five processing heads (HEAD (n)). The energy of I is 5 (I) (W).
- the amount of energy supplied to each processing head is uniform when the emission energy from the light source is I (watts). And I / 5 (W).
- the reflectance of the m-th half mirror (FM (m)) is 1 / (n ⁇ m + 1) * 100.
- the flat mirror 1046 as the light direction reversing optical system employed in the first embodiment is replaced with a rotationally symmetric mirror, thereby making it unnecessary. Furthermore, the use of the mirror is advantageous in that the two functions of the inverting optical system and the condenser lens of the first embodiment can be integrated into the mirror.
- the optical processing apparatus 2500 of the second embodiment also includes a light source 2001, a nozzle head 2000, a scanning movement mechanism (not shown) for moving the nozzle head 2000, and a control device (not shown). , Material supply system (not shown), and the like.
- the light source 2001 emits a light beam 2042 (or light) toward the head 2000.
- the second embodiment optical processing apparatus does not require a light propagation medium such as an optical fiber between the light source 2001 and the nozzle head 2000.
- the difference between the scanning movement mechanism of the second embodiment and the movement mechanism 1040 of the first embodiment is that the former makes the latter flat mirror 1046 and the light beam direction conversion mirror 1045 unnecessary.
- the light beam direction conversion mirror 1045 in the first embodiment sends the parallel light beam 1042 sent from the light source 1001 along the Y axis to the flat mirror 1046 in parallel to the X axis. In the second embodiment in which the light is directly sent to the head, it is not necessary to use the light direction conversion mirror 1045.
- the light source 2001 of the second embodiment is fixed to the optical processing device 2500.
- the light source 2001 may be, for example, a 3D scanner manufactured by RAYASE, and can freely scan a condensing point of light rays from the 3D scanner in a three-dimensional space. At this time, the condensing point can be made to follow the incident aperture provided in the nozzle head 2000.
- the configuration of the light source 2001 is various.
- the light source 2001 may be partially operated.
- the light source 2001 is fixed with respect to the X coordinate direction and the Y coordinate direction.
- the Z direction and the rotation direction around the vertical axis of the light source 2001 may not be fixed.
- the light beam from the light source 2001 can be incident on the incident aperture provided in the nozzle head 2000.
- the light source 2001 of the second embodiment includes the height position (height adjustment) of the light source 2001 in the Z coordinate (see FIG. 12), the azimuth direction of the light source 2001 (angle ⁇ in FIG. 11), and the light source 2001. Adjustment of the tilt angle (angle ⁇ in FIG. 13) is necessary. These will be described later with reference to FIGS. 11 to 13.
- the light source 2001 of the second embodiment may be a solid laser, a fiber laser, a halogen lamp, a xenon lamp, or the like, similar to that of the first embodiment.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and anything that generates electromagnetic waves may be used.
- the light source 2001 is rotated by a turret table 2800 that rotates the light source itself about the Z axis (2020Z) by an angle ⁇ .
- ⁇ Nozzle head> Inside the nozzle 2007 of the nozzle head 2000, the processing light beam condensed toward the processing point 1060 by the light beam direction conversion optical system (rotationally symmetric mirror) 2400 together with the powder supplied from the powder supply unit 1006 is processed point 1060. As a result, at the processing point 1060, the powder is melted by the heat of the processing beam to form a molten pool as described above.
- the light source 2001 emits a light beam 2042 toward the nozzle head 2000.
- the light beam 2042 reaches the entrance opening 2022 of the nozzle head 2000, the optical path is converted to the vertical direction by the rotationally symmetric mirror 2400, and the direction-converted light beam 2042-F enters the nozzle 2007 through the exit opening 2024, Optical processing is performed at a processing point 1060 of the processing substrate 1008 at the tip.
- the nozzle head 2000 includes a light beam direction conversion optical system 2400 that converts the light beam direction of the light beam 2042 from the light source 2001 within the nozzle head 2000.
- this light direction changing optical system 2400 uses a rotationally symmetric mirror 2400.
- Specific examples of the rotationally symmetric mirror 2400 are a spheroid mirror 3400 (first embodiment, see FIGS. 8 and 9) and a rotating paraboloid mirror 4400 (second embodiment, see FIG. 10).
- the spheroid mirror 3400 (first embodiment) and the paraboloidal mirror 4400 are collectively referred to as “rotationally symmetric mirrors”.
- the rotationally symmetric mirror 2400 has a rotationally symmetric axis coincident with the central axis of the nozzle 2007, and a mirror surface is formed inside the nozzle 2007.
- the rotationally symmetric mirror 2400 can form at least one focal point, and the focal point can be set on the processing point side with respect to the nozzle 2007.
- the rotationally symmetric mirror 2400 is formed with a mirror surface so as to be rotationally symmetric about the central axis of the nozzle head 2000, and therefore, a group of focal lines formed by the rotationally symmetric mirror surface is the nozzle head. It can coincide with the central axis of 2000, and thus a mirror surface can be formed.
- the technical advantage of setting the shape of the rotationally symmetric mirror 2400 to be rotationally symmetric about the central axis of the nozzle head 2000 is that the nozzle head 2000 of the second embodiment moves in an arbitrary direction in the XY horizontal plane.
- the fluctuations ⁇ X and ⁇ Y in the position coordinates are increased.
- the amount of deviation of the azimuth is ⁇
- the light source 2001 can continue to irradiate the processed light beam so as to match the incident opening 2022 of the nozzle head 2000.
- the adjustment to match the light emission direction of the light source 2001 with the direction of the incident opening 2022 of the nozzle head 2000 is shown in FIG. Can only be realized by spinning.
- FIG. 11 shows that in the optical processing apparatus 2500 of the second embodiment, the focal point F of the processing light beam 2042 by the nozzle head 2000 is moved from the coordinate position XYZ from (X0, Y0, 0) to (X1, Y1, 0).
- the light source 2001 at the coordinates XYZ ⁇ (0, 0, L0, 0) is rotated by an angle ⁇ .
- the nozzle head 2000 when the nozzle head 2000 attempts to move from (X0, Y0, 0) to (X1, Y1, 0), the light beam 2042 from the light source 2001 is rotated by the azimuth change ⁇ . For example, the incident opening 2022 of the nozzle head 2000 can be captured.
- the scanning movement mechanism of the nozzle head 2000 is a two-dimensional table of the X axis and the Y axis as in the first embodiment, the attitude of the nozzle head 2000 itself with respect to the X axis and the Y axis does not change. That is, when the nozzle head 2000 is at (X0, Y0, 0), the attitude angle of the nozzle head 2000 with respect to the X axis (the angle is zero degrees in FIG. 11) is that the nozzle head 2000 has moved to (X1, Y1, 0). It does not change even at the time. However, the angle of the nozzle head 2000 with respect to the light beam 2042 changes from zero degree with respect to the light beam 2042-0 at (X0, Y0, 0) to ⁇ at (X1, Y1, 0).
- the property of rotational symmetry with respect to the central axis of the rotationally symmetric mirror 2400 of the nozzle head 2000 of the second embodiment has the effect that the same light beam conversion can always be performed even if the attitude displacement ⁇ of the nozzle head 2000 with respect to the light beam 2042 changes. is there.
- the nozzle head 2000 of the second embodiment moves from the coordinate position (X0, Y0, 0) to (X1, Y1, 0), and the distance D from the light source 2001 to the entrance opening 2022 of the nozzle head 2000 is shown.
- a case of change (D0 to D1) is shown.
- the light beam 2042 from the light source 2001 is shifted from the position (X0, Y0, 0) of the nozzle head 2000 to (X1, Y1,0). This also shows that the light beam direction does not have to be changed even when the position changes to).
- the light beam 2042 from the light source 2001 can continue to capture the incident opening 2022 of the nozzle head 2000 even if the nozzle head 2000 moves in the XY horizontal plane. it can.
- the method of FIG. 12 is more effective when the light beam 2042 is a parallel light beam.
- the mirror 2400 of the nozzle head 2000 has a rotating paraboloid (FIG. 10). This is because it is effective when it has a shape.
- rotationally symmetric mirror (light beam direction conversion optical system) 2400 will be described as a first example and a second example of the second embodiment.
- the components of the second embodiment having the same numbers as the last three digits of the reference numbers in FIG. 7 are the rotationally symmetric mirror 2400 ( FIG. 7) is the same component or the same type of component component as that of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 illustrates an internal cross-sectional view of the nozzle head 3000 provided in the optical processing apparatus 3500 as the first embodiment.
- the light conversion optical system is configured by a rotationally symmetric spheroid mirror (hereinafter referred to as “spheroid mirror”) 3400 inside the nozzle head 3000, specifically, a mirror surface having a spheroid surface shape. .
- spheroid mirror rotationally symmetric spheroid mirror
- the nozzle head 3000 includes an entrance opening 3022 and an exit opening 3024.
- a mirror surface is formed on the inner surface of the spheroid mirror 3400 continuously to the incident opening 3022.
- the mirror surface of the spheroid mirror 3400 continues to the exit opening 3024 of the nozzle head 3000.
- the central axis 3023 is an axis having a positive direction from the entrance opening 3022 toward the exit opening 3024.
- FIG. 9 illustrates the geometry of the mirror surface 3400 of the spheroid mirror 3400.
- a spheroid has two focal points F1 and F2.
- the center axis 3023 of the ellipsoid coincides with the Z axis of the scanning movement mechanism of the second embodiment
- the major axis of the ellipse is a
- the minor axis is b
- the ellipsoid center O is the origin of the XYZ coordinate system.
- the (X, Z) coordinate values of the focal points F1 and F2 are
- the angle formed by a line segment passing through one of the focal points (for example, F1) and connecting to the wall surface at an arbitrary position of the ellipsoid is on the same wall surface from the other focal point (for example, F2).
- the line connecting to the point is equal to the angle formed by the wall surface. That is, when a light beam input to one focal point (F1) of the ellipsoid is reflected on the wall surface of the ellipsoid, the reflected light beam passes through the other focal point (F2).
- the condensed light beam from the light source 3001 is condensed on the first focal point (F1 in FIG. 9) of the spheroid mirror 3400, that is, the focal position of the condenser lens 3003 of the light source 3001 is changed to the spheroid mirror.
- the condenser lens 3003 is arranged so as to coincide with the first focal point 3400 and the condensed light ray 3042F is incident on the first focal point F1, that is, the total luminous flux of all the processed light rays 3042F from the condenser lens 3003. Is incident on the first focal point F 1, all the light beams are focused on the second focal point (F 2) of the spheroid mirror 3400. Therefore, when the second focal position (F2) is the processing point 3060, the light energy is concentrated at the processing point 1060, and the melting processing is realized.
- This ellipsoid is rotationally symmetric about the central axis 3023. Therefore, even when the light source 3001 is at a position rotated by an arbitrary angle with respect to the central axis 3023 with respect to the arrangement of FIG. 8, the incident light beam 3042F is incident on a point on the ellipsoidal mirror surface of FIGS. Therefore, the light is reflected and collected at the second focal point F2.
- the turret table 2800 of FIG. 11 is used to rotate the light source 3001 at an azimuth angle ⁇ with respect to the light source 3001 of the optical processing apparatus 3500 of the first example (second embodiment) using the spheroid mirror 3400 of FIG. ,
- the emitted light ray 3042F from the light source 3001 reaches the entrance aperture 3022 of the spheroid mirror 3400. That is, the deviation of the nozzle head 3000 in the azimuth direction can be adjusted by skillfully using the rotational symmetry of the spheroid mirror 3400 of the nozzle head 3000.
- the incident aperture 3022 may be captured even if the light source 3001 is turned by the angle ⁇ by the method shown in FIG.
- the focal point of the reflected light on the processing substrate by the spheroid mirror 3400 may be shifted from the focal point before the movement. Because the spheroid mirror 3400 is rotationally symmetric, the XY coordinate value (X0, Y0) on the scanning mechanism of the processing point 1060 before the movement moves to (X1, Y1), so that the spheroid mirror 3400
- the second focal point F2 is not displaced before and after the movement, and accurate optical processing is guaranteed.
- the height direction (Z axis) of the light source described in FIG. Direction) adjustment ( ⁇ Z adjustment) is also applied.
- the rotationally symmetric mirror 2400 as a specific example of the light direction converting optical system 2400 of the second embodiment described with reference to FIG. 7 has rotational symmetry about the center axis of the ellipsoid. Therefore, the followability by the light source beam with respect to the position change of the nozzle head 2000 due to the movement of the nozzle head 2000 in the XY plane obtained by the nozzle head 2000 of FIG. 7 is maintained.
- ⁇ Modification of light source height adjustment> 8 and 11 show the nozzle head 2000 or the nozzle head 3000 using the symmetry in the azimuth direction, which is one of the properties of mirror surfaces such as the spheroid mirror 3400 and the rotating paraboloid (described later) mirror 4400.
- the movement of the light source 2001 or 3001 causes the light beam emitted from the light source 2001 or 3001 to deviate from the incident aperture (2022 or 3022) of the nozzle head 2000 or nozzle head 3000.
- the light beam irradiation direction of the light source 2001 or 3001 is adjusted by an angle ⁇ .
- the irradiation direction is adjusted to the position of the incident opening 2022 or the incident opening 2022.
- “Symmetry in the azimuth direction” of the spheroid mirror 3400 and the paraboloid mirror 4400 is a point having a rotational symmetry axis of the spheroid or paraboloid (for example, the first focal point F1 of the ellipsoid).
- the reflection angle of the incident light from any azimuth direction by the mirror surface is the same.
- the incident light beam passing through the first focal point F1 has the property of passing through the second focal point regardless of the elevation angle of the incident light beam, in other words, the incident light beam from the light source 3001. Is a condensed light beam, so if the focal position of the light source 3001 coincides with the position of the first focal point of the spheroid mirror 3400, the image appearing at the focal position F1 is an image of the light emitter of the light source 3001. Accordingly, all the images of the illuminant focused on the position of the first focus F1 are imaged on the second focus F2, even if the elevation angle of the incident light beam changes, that is, the second focus.
- the spheroid mirror 3400 shows a focused image of the illuminant, so that the temperature becomes high and the melting process can be performed.
- the elevation angle of the light source 3001 is adjusted by the amount of ⁇ according to the equation (5).
- An image of the illuminant 3001 is focused on the position of the first focal point F1 of the spheroid mirror 3400 by the condenser lens 3003, and the illuminant image is reflected by the wall surface of the spheroid mirror 3400.
- this reflected image is formed at the second focal point F2 of the spheroid mirror 3400.
- the density of the light energy on the processing point 1060 is maximized, and efficient optical processing can be achieved.
- the correction of the tilt angle in FIG. 13 of the second embodiment requires that the focused image of the condensed light beam from the light source 3001 needs to be aligned with the first focus of the spheroid mirror 3400. It is necessary to adjust the focal length of the zoom lens 3003 to coincide with the distance D1 from 3001 to the first focal point of the spheroid mirror 3400. This correction uses a zoom actuator 3030.
- the tilt angle of the light source 3001 can be corrected in accordance with the amount of movement ( ⁇ X, ⁇ Y) regardless of the movement of the nozzle head 3000. If it carries out according to 13, optical processing can be performed. In other words, optimal azimuth angle correction, focal length correction, and tilt angle correction can be achieved simultaneously with the movement of the nozzle head 3000.
- the rotating body curved surface of the second embodiment is not limited to the ellipsoid as in the first embodiment.
- the processing point 1060 can be made to coincide with the only focal point F of the paraboloid.
- the light beam irradiated from the light source 4001 to the paraboloid mirror 4400 in FIG. This is because when the parallel light beam 4042 is incident on the rotating paraboloid mirror 4400, an image of the light source of the original light source 4001 of the parallel light beam 4042 is formed at the focal point of the paraboloid.
- FIG. 10 shows the configuration of the second embodiment of the paraboloid.
- the mirror surface of the rotary paraboloid mirror 440 needs to be provided with an exit opening 4024 on the mirror wall surface near the focal point of the paraboloid.
- the rotating paraboloid is open outward on the opposite side of the focal point.
- incident light is incident on the open incident opening 4022.
- the incident light beam 4042 needs to be a parallel light beam, and if it is a parallel light beam, as described above, all the reflected light beams are concentrated at the focal point of the paraboloid. As a result, parallel rays are condensed at the condensing point 1060.
- the rotating paraboloidal mirror 4400 also requires correction of the azimuth angle ( ⁇ ) of the light source (FIG. 11) and height correction of the light source (FIG. 12), similarly to the spheroid mirror 3400.
- ⁇ azimuth angle
- FIG. 12 height correction of the light source
- the present invention may be applied to a system composed of a plurality of devices, or may be applied to a single device. Furthermore, the present invention can also be applied to a case where an information processing program that implements the functions of the embodiments is supplied directly or remotely to a system or apparatus. Therefore, in order to realize the functions of the present invention on a computer, a program installed on the computer, a medium storing the program, and a WWW (World Wide Web) server that downloads the program are also included in the scope of the present invention. . In particular, at least a non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute the processing steps included in the above-described embodiments is included in the scope of the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
ここで、開放空間とは、大気中、不活性ガス中、あるいは真空中などである。不活性ガスとして、たとえば、ヘリウム、窒素、アルゴンなどがある。
一次元以上の拡がりを有する加工領域に対して、ノズルヘッドを介して光加工用光線を照射しつつ、前記ノズルヘッドを移動して前記加工領域を走査する光加工装置であって、
前記光加工用光線を前記ノズルヘッドに向けて開放空間に射出する光源と、
中空のノズルと、前記光源から射出され、前記開放空間中を伝搬してきた前記光線を受光し、受光光線の伝搬方向を前記加工領域内の前記加工領域方向に変換する光線方向変換光学系とを有するノズルヘッドと、
前記ノズルヘッドを前記加工領域の主走査方向に移動させる主走査方向移動機構と、
を有する。
上記光加工装置を具備して積層造形を行う造形装置であって、
前記ノズルヘッドは、粉体材料を吸入する吸入部を有し、吸入した粉体材料を前記加工点に向けて噴射する。
第1実施形態の加工装置は、図1乃至図6により説明される。第2実施形態の装置は、図7乃至図13により説明される。
ここで、光線エネルギーは、可視光、ミリ波、赤外線、紫外線などあらゆる波長域の電磁波のエネルギーでよい。
図1と図2を用いて、第1実施形態のノズルヘッド移動機構1040の詳細について説明する。図1のノズルヘッド移動機構1040の詳細構成は図2に示される。
第1実施形態の光源1001は、ノズルヘッド1000に光線方向反転光学系として設けられた平板ミラー1046に光線が到達するように、平行光線1042を射出する。因みに、後述の第2実施形態の、光線方向反転光学系として回転楕円体ミラーを用いる第1実施例の光源(3001)は集光光線を射出し、他方、回転放物面体ミラーを用いる第2実施形態では、平行光線を用いる。
ノズルヘッド(または光加工ヘッド)1000は、ノズル部分1007を備えており、ノズル部分1007はたとえば内部に同心円状の2層の中空の管路を備えている。ただし、このような構造に限るものではない。また、図1乃至図4に示されているように、ノズルヘッド1000は、ノズル部分1007と光学系部分とからなる。ノズル部分1007の中心側の管路の中を集光される光線が通り、その外側の管路には粉体流が通る。光線と粉体流とは、ノズルヘッド1000の先端から射出され、加工基板1008上の加工点で合流して溶融プールを形成し、造形が行われる。
次に、図2乃至図5を参照しつつ、ノズルヘッド(加工ヘッド)の移動に対し、加工光線(加工光、光線、光線ビーム)である平行光線(平行光線)の追跡動作について説明する。
以上説明した第1実施形態の光加工装置によれば、以下の効果が得られる。
・ 光源1001からの光線が集光レンズ1070に到達するまで平行光状態が保たれること、
ここで、表1より明らかなように、m番目のハーフミラー(FM(m))の反射率は1/(n-m+1)*100となる。
図7を用いて第2実施形態の光学装置の概念を説明する。
第2実施形態では第1実施形態の移動機構1040がそのまま用いられているために、図7~図13では、図面中に、ヘッドの走査移動機構の図示は省略されている。
第2実施形態の光源2001は、光加工装置2500に固定されている。光源2001は、たとえばRAYLASE社の3Dスキャナーでよく、3Dスキャナーからの光線の集光点を3次元空間内に自由に走査できる。このとき、ノズルヘッド2000に備えられた入射開口に集光点を追随させることができる。ただし、光源2001の構成は様々であり、たとえば一部稼働してもよく、光源2001の固定は、X座標方向とY座標方向に関して固定し、
Z方向と光源2001の鉛直軸周りの回転方向については固定されてなくても良い。このような構成で、光源2001からの光線をノズルヘッド2000に備えられた入射開口に入射させることができる。このとき、第2実施形態の光源2001は、Z座標(図12参照)における光源2001の高さ位置(高さ調整)と、光源2001の方位角方向(図11の角度Δα)と、光源2001のチルト角度については調整(図13の角度Δβ)が必要である。これらについては、図11乃至図13を用いて後述する。
ノズルヘッド2000のノズル2007内部では、光線方向変換光学系(回転対称ミラー)2400により加工点1060に向けて集光された加工光線が、粉体供給部1006から供給された粉体と共に加工点1060に向けて供給され、結果的に、加工点1060において、粉体が加工光線の熱により溶融され、溶融プールを形成するのは前述したとおりである。
ノズルヘッド2000は、光源2001からの光線2042の光線方向を、ノズルヘッド2000内で変換する光線方向変換光学系2400を有する。この光線方向変換光学系2400は、第1実施形態の平板ミラー(1046)と異なり、回転対称ミラー2400を用いる。この回転対称ミラー2400の具体例が、回転楕円体ミラー3400(第1実施例、図8,9参照)と回転放物面体ミラー4400(第2実施例、図10参照)である。
回転対称ミラー2400の形状をノズルヘッド2000の中心軸の周りに回転対称に設定することの技術上の長所は、第2実施形態のノズルヘッド2000がXY水平面内を任意方向に移動していく過程で、位置座標の変動ΔX、ΔYが大きくなる。ここで、方位角のずれ量をΔαとすると、
図7の第2実施形態の回転対称ミラー(光線方向変換光学系)2400の具体的な適用例を図8乃至図10を用いて説明する。
図8および図11は、回転楕円体ミラー3400や回転放物面体(後述)ミラー4400などのミラー面の1つの性質である方位角方向の対称性を利用して、ノズルヘッド2000あるいはノズルヘッド3000の移動により、光源2001あるいは光源3001からの射出光線がノズルヘッド2000あるいはノズルヘッド3000の入射開口(2022あるいは3022)を外れてしまうのを、光源2001あるいは3001の光線照射方向を角度Δαだけ調整することにより、入射開口2022あるいは入射開口2022の位置に照射方向を合わせるものである。回転楕円体ミラー3400や回転放物面体ミラー4400の「方位角方向の対称性」とは、回転楕円体や回転放物面体の回転対称軸のある点(例えば楕円体の第1焦点F1)を通る入射光線について、そのある点から見た入射光線の仰角を一定にした場合、任意の方位方向からの入射光線のミラー面による反射角が同じであることをいう。
以上、実施形態を参照して本願発明を説明したが、本願発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではない。本願発明の構成や詳細には、本願発明のスコープ内で当業者が理解し得る様々な変更をすることができる。また、それぞれの実施形態に含まれる別々の特徴を如何様に組み合わせたシステムまたは装置も、本発明の範疇に含まれる。
Claims (19)
- 一次元以上の拡がりを有する加工領域に対して、ノズルヘッドを介して光加工用光線を照射しつつ、前記ノズルヘッドを移動して前記加工領域を走査する光加工装置であって、
前記光加工用光線を前記ノズルヘッドに向けて開放空間に射出する光源と、
中空のノズルと、前記光源から射出され、前記開放空間中を伝搬してきた前記光線を受光し、受光光線の伝搬方向を前記加工領域内の前記加工領域方向に変換する光線方向変換光学系とを有するノズルヘッドと、
前記ノズルヘッドを前記加工領域の主走査方向に移動させる主走査方向移動機構と、
を有する光加工装置。 - 前記加工領域は二次元領域を包含し、前記ノズルヘッドを前記主走査方向に交差する副走査方向に移動させる副走査方向移動機構をさらに具備し、
前記加工領域を前記主走査方向および前記副走査方向で構成される二次元平面内で加工する請求項1に記載の光加工装置。 - 前記光源は、平行光線を射出する請求項2に記載の光加工装置。
- 前記光源は、焦点距離が可変な光源内集光光学系を内装し、集光光線を射出する請求項2に記載の光加工装置。
- 前記ノズルヘッドの前記光線方向変換光学系は、
法線が前記主走査方向に対して45度の角度で傾いた平板ミラーであって、前記光源からの平行光線を反射して、前記平行光線の伝搬方向を前記加工領域方向に変換する平板ミラーと、
前記平板ミラーにより前記加工領域方向に変換された前記平行光線を前記加工領域上の加工点に集光するノズルヘッド内集光光学系と、
を有する請求項3に記載の光加工装置。 - 前記光源は副走査方向に平行な平行光線を射出するものであり、
さらに、
前記主走査方向移動機構と、副走査方向移動機構と、
前記副走査方向移動機構に設けられた光線方向変換ミラーであって、前記光源から前記副走査方向に沿って射出された前記平行光線を反射して、前記平行光線を前記主走査方向に向かわせる、光線方向変換ミラーと、
を具備し、
前記平板ミラーは、前記主走査方向に沿って伝搬する前記平行光線を受光して、前記加工領域方向に進行方向を変換する請求項5に記載の光加工装置。 - 前記光加工装置は、前記加工領域をn個のノズルヘッドによって並列的に加工可能であって、
前記n個のノズルヘッドの夫々を、互いに平行なn個の主走査方向に走査して移動するn個の主走査方向移動機構と、
前記n個の主走査方向移動機構の夫々に固定されたn個の第1光線方向変換光学系と、
前記副走査方向移動機構と、
を備え、
前記副走査方向移動機構は、
1本の副走査方向ガイドレールと、
このガイドレール上を自在に移動可能であり、夫々が前記n個の主走査方向移動機構を、副走査方向に移動させる、n個のスライダーと、
前記n個のスライダーの各々に設けられたn個の第2の光線方向変換光学系であって、前記光源からの光線を、夫々のノズルヘッドの各々の光線方向変換光学系に導く、n個の第2光線方向変換光学系と、
を具備する請求項6に記載の光加工装置。 - 前記光線方向変換光学系は、回転対称軸を有し、内面が鏡面である回転対称ミラーである請求項1または2に記載の光加工装置。
- 前記ノズルヘッドは、前記回転対称ミラーの前記回転対称軸に沿って加工点から離れる方向に、前記光源からの光線を取り込む入射開口部を有する請求項8に記載の光加工装置。
- 前記光源は、前記光源からの光線が前記入射開口部から入射して、前記回転対称ミラーの前記壁面で反射するように、前記入射開口部よりも加工点に対して離れる方向に配置されている請求項9に記載の光加工装置。
- 前記回転対称ミラーは前記回転対称軸方向に長軸を有する回転楕円体ミラーであり、
前記光源は、
前記ノズルヘッドに向けて射出された集光光線の焦点位置が、前記回転楕円体ミラーの第1の焦点位置に一致し、
前記第1の焦点位置を通過し、前記回転楕円体ミラーのいずれかの壁面に入射して反射した反射光線が、前記回転楕円体ミラーの第2の焦点に集光するように配置されている請求項8に記載の光加工装置。 - 前記光源の前記光源内集光光学系の焦点位置は、前記回転楕円体ミラーの前記第1の焦点位置に一致している請求項11に記載の光加工装置。
- 前記回転対称ミラーは、焦点と頂点とが回転対称軸上に並び、内壁面が鏡面である、回転放物面体ミラーであり、
前記回転対称ミラーの前記焦点は、前記加工点に一致する請求項8に記載の光加工装置。 - 前記ノズルヘッドの移動に応じて、前記光源の光線射出方向が前記光線方向変換光学系に向くように、前記光源の前記光線射出方向を前記回転軸の周りに回動させる回動手段をさらに具備する請求項8に記載の光加工装置。
- 前記ノズルヘッドの移動に応じて、前記光源からの光線が前記ノズルヘッドの前記光線方向変換光学系に到達するように、前記光源の前記射出方向を変更することなく、前記光源の光線射出位置の高さを調整する調整手段をさらに有する請求項8に記載の光加工装置。
- 前記ノズルヘッドの移動に応じて、前記光源からの光線が前記ノズルヘッドの前記回転対称の前記入射開口位置に到達するように、前記光源を所定角度だけチルトさせるチルト手段を具備する請求項8に記載の光加工装置。
- 前記n個の第2の光学系はn個のハーフミラーであって、これらのn個のハーフミラーの透過率は、光源に近いハーフミラーから順に低くなるように設定され、最後のハーフミラーは透過率が0%(反射率が100%)のフル反射ミラーである請求項7に記載のマルチヘッド光加工装置。
- 前記n個のハーフミラーのうち、前記光源に近いハーフミラーおよび前記最後のハーフミラーを除いた中継光学系のn-2個のハーフミラーのうちのm番目のハーフミラーの反射率は、{1/(n-m+1)}×100%に設定されることにより、前記n個のノズルヘッドの夫々に供給される光線の光量は互いに等量である請求項17に記載のマルチヘッド光加工装置。
- 請求項1乃至18に記載の光加工装置を具備して積層造形を行う造形装置であって、
前記ノズルヘッドは、粉体材料を吸入する吸入部を有し、吸入した粉体材料を前記加工点に向けて噴射する造形装置。
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JP6353911B2 (ja) | 2018-07-04 |
US10399182B2 (en) | 2019-09-03 |
JPWO2017158739A1 (ja) | 2018-03-29 |
EP3248726A4 (en) | 2018-05-02 |
EP3248726A1 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
EP3248726B1 (en) | 2021-08-25 |
US20180161932A1 (en) | 2018-06-14 |
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