WO2017154725A1 - 特殊トーチを用いた溶接方法 - Google Patents
特殊トーチを用いた溶接方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017154725A1 WO2017154725A1 PCT/JP2017/008280 JP2017008280W WO2017154725A1 WO 2017154725 A1 WO2017154725 A1 WO 2017154725A1 JP 2017008280 W JP2017008280 W JP 2017008280W WO 2017154725 A1 WO2017154725 A1 WO 2017154725A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
- B23K9/325—Devices for supplying or evacuating shielding gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
- B23K35/0266—Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
- B23K35/3602—Carbonates, basic oxides or hydroxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
- B23K35/3603—Halide salts
- B23K35/3605—Fluorides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
- B23K35/3607—Silica or silicates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
- B23K35/3608—Titania or titanates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/362—Selection of compositions of fluxes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/368—Selection of non-metallic compositions of core materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
- B23K9/28—Supporting devices for electrodes
- B23K9/29—Supporting devices adapted for making use of shielding means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
- B23K9/28—Supporting devices for electrodes
- B23K9/29—Supporting devices adapted for making use of shielding means
- B23K9/291—Supporting devices adapted for making use of shielding means the shielding means being a gas
- B23K9/295—Supporting devices adapted for making use of shielding means the shielding means being a gas using consumable electrode-wire
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
- B23K9/28—Supporting devices for electrodes
- B23K9/29—Supporting devices adapted for making use of shielding means
- B23K9/298—Supporting devices adapted for making use of shielding means the shielding means being a powder
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a welding method using a special torch, and more particularly, to a welding method using a special torch having a suction nozzle and a specific flux cored wire.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a process in which diffusible hydrogen is absorbed by the weld metal.
- the welding wire will be described assuming that a flux cored wire that is a flux-cored welding wire is used.
- FIG. 4 is a figure which shows the cross section of a flux cored wire.
- a welding wire 201 which is a flux cored wire, is composed of a steel outer shell 202 and a central portion 203 that constitute the outer periphery.
- the central portion 203 includes a flux obtained by mixing metal powder such as iron powder or alloy, and / or metal oxide powder, metal fluoride powder, and the like.
- the rising temperature may reach 100 ° C. at about 5 mm from the tip of the contact tip 208 and may rise to about 600 ° C. near the tip of the wire 20 mm from the tip of the contact tip 208.
- the hydrogen source 205 on the wire surface is vaporized and released from the welding wire 201.
- the central portion 203 is heated by heat conduction from the heated steel outer sheath 202, the hydrogen source 205 in the flux is also vaporized, and is discharged out of the welding wire 201 through the seam 204 which is a joint.
- a part of the hydrogen source 205 released from the welding wire 201 is caused by the arc plasma air flow and the flow of shield gas supplied from the nozzle 206 to the welded portion in the case of gas shielded arc welding (direction indicated by the arrow 207). It flows in the direction indicated by 213 and is guided to the arc 209.
- the hydrogen source 205 for example, H 2 O, dissociates to become diffusible hydrogen 212, and is absorbed by the droplets and the weld metal 210 in the arc column and enters the weld metal 210. Get in.
- the hydrogen source present on the surface of the wire and the hydrogen source contained in the flux used for the welding wire are vaporized in the wire protrusion heated to a high temperature.
- the vaporized hydrogen source is transported in and near the arc column by the flow of shield plasma supplied in the case of arc plasma flow and gas shield arc welding.
- the transported hydrogen source is dissociated into hydrogen atoms and absorbed into the weld metal.
- preheating and afterheating may be performed to promote the diffusion of diffusible hydrogen from the weld metal to the outside.
- a flux cored wire in the welding by adding a fluoride such as CaF 2, Na 3 AlF 6 in a flux, a method of reducing the diffusible hydrogen is also used.
- a method of mixing a small amount of CF 4 with a shield gas supplied in gas shield arc welding has also been proposed.
- the hydrogen source in the welding wire is contained in oil and moisture adhering to the wire surface, flux cored wire and metal cored wire (flux cored wire in which the flux contained in the wire is composed only of metal powder). Moisture and organic matter adhering to the flux.
- a method may be employed in which the flux is heated at a high temperature to remove the hydrogen source before the welding wire is manufactured.
- it is necessary to prevent moisture absorption during the manufacturing process, but it is very expensive.
- moisture is adsorbed from the air during storage and during work at a high-humidity welding site, so there are various obstacles to reducing the hydrogen source.
- solid wire (FIG. 1A) or seamless flux cored wire (FIG. 1B) is mainly used as a welding material in consideration of the amount of diffusible hydrogen in the weld metal.
- the flux cored wire has beneficial effects such as a beautiful bead obtained by the effect of the flux, a posture welding that is easy and capable of welding under high-efficiency welding conditions, and a large welding amount.
- a seamless flux cored wire is more preferably used.
- the flux cored wire with seam (FIG. 1C) was limited in use for welding high-strength steel and thick plates due to the above-mentioned problems. This is because the seamed flux cored wire absorbs moisture from the atmosphere through the seam, so it contains a hydrogen source more easily than the seamless flux cored wire, and the amount of diffusible hydrogen in the weld metal tends to be high. caused by.
- the seam part of the wire with seam is closed by TIG welding or laser welding, and the pipe is filled with flux, and rolling and wire drawing are repeated to form the wire.
- productivity is limited by the welding speed and efficiency is not increased, and in the latter, the number of rolling / drawing processes increases and productivity decreases. Therefore, the seamless flux cored wire is more expensive than the seamed flux cored wire, and an improvement has been desired.
- Patent Document 1 sucks fume from an opening that surrounds the periphery of the welding wire protruding from the contact tip and faces the tip of the wire.
- Patent Document 1 has no idea about the effect of reducing diffusible hydrogen, and does not describe an optimal combination wire design. Also, a torch configuration for effectively expressing the hydrogen suction performance has not been studied.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a flux cored wire in which a steel sheath is filled with a flux having a specific composition. It has been shown that the flux cored wire contains 0.1 to 5% by weight of an alkali metal to stabilize the arc and prevent the metal from being melted during thin plate welding. Because of its high affinity, when used as a seam-flux cored wire, the wire contains a large amount of moisture. Therefore, when applied to high-strength steel and thick steel plate, there is a risk of cold cracking.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a slag flux cored wire having a specific composition.
- the slag-based flux cored wire is a high-strength steel welding wire that can provide good low-temperature toughness to the weld metal even when the content of Ni in the weld metal is small.
- an object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a welding method for high-strength steel and thick plates using a seamed flux cored wire with good welding workability and welding efficiency and low cost.
- the embodiment of the present invention relates to the following [1] to [10].
- a welding method using a special torch and a flux cored wire The special torch has a suction nozzle between the contact tip and the shield nozzle, The flux cored wire is welded having a seam portion in which a steel core is filled with a flux, and both ends of the metal in the width direction of the steel core are butted or overlapped in the longitudinal direction of the flux cored wire.
- Method [2] In the cross section of the seam portion, the length of the portion where the clearance of both ends of the metal in the width direction of the steel shell is less than 20 ⁇ m is La, and the length of the portion where the clearance is 20 ⁇ m or more and less than 40 ⁇ m is Lb.
- the diameter of the flux cored wire is 1.2 to 2.0 mm, and the ratio of the flux to the total mass of the flux cored wire is 8 to 30% by mass. ] Or the welding method according to [2].
- the flux contains a slag former, and the slag former comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal fluorides and metal carbonates and impurities, and the flux cored
- the slag former comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal fluorides and metal carbonates and impurities, and the flux cored
- the slag forming agent is a ratio to the total mass of the flux cored wire, Metal oxide: 3.5 to 20.5% by mass, Metal fluoride: 0 to 0.5 mass% (including 0), and Metal carbonate: 0 to 0.5 mass% (including 0)
- the metal oxide is a ratio to the total mass of the flux cored wire, TiO 2 : 1.5 to 15.0 mass%, SiO 2 : 0.15 to 4.0% by mass, ZrO 2 : 0 to 3.0% by mass (including 0), Al 2 O 3 : 0 to 2.0% by mass (including 0), and (Na 2 O + K 2 O + Li 2 O): 0.01 to 0.8% by mass
- the slag forming agent is a ratio to the total mass of the flux cored wire, Metal oxide: 0 to 1.5% by mass (including 0), Metal fluoride: 1.5 to 8.5% by mass, and
- the distance D t ⁇ k along the longitudinal direction and the distance D t ⁇ b are D t ⁇ k (mm) ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ D t ⁇ b (mm) and D t ⁇ k (mm) ⁇ D t ⁇ b (mm) -8
- the embodiment of the present invention it is possible to prevent the amount of diffusible hydrogen in the weld metal from being increased, and to use a high-tension flux cored wire that has good welding workability and welding efficiency and is inexpensive and has a seam. Steel and thick plate can be welded.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the form of a solid wire.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a form of a seamless flux cored wire.
- FIG. 1C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a form of a seamed flux cored wire.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional shape of a seamed flux cored wire called a bat shape.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional shape of a seamed flux cored wire called a wrap shape.
- FIG. 2C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional shape of a seamed flux cored wire called an apple shape.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a process in which diffusible hydrogen is absorbed by the weld metal.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a cross section of the flux cored wire.
- a welding method is a welding method using a special torch and a flux cored wire, and the special torch has a suction nozzle between a contact tip and a shield nozzle, and the flux cored
- the wire has a seam portion in which a flux is filled in the steel outer shell (that is, the inner side of the steel outer shell), and both ends of the metal of the steel outer shell are butted or overlapped in the longitudinal direction of the flux cored wire.
- the flux means a substance obtained by mixing metal powder such as iron powder or alloy, metal oxide powder, metal fluoride powder and the like.
- the temperature of the wire fed between the contact tip and the base metal rises due to Joule heat generation because the welding current flows from the tip of the tip to the wire.
- the flux possesses a large amount of moisture, and it is preferable to discharge the moisture out of the system.
- the wire structure is a seamless flux cored wire
- there is no moisture outlet on the side of the wire so moisture is retained up to the melted part by arc, and hydrogen is easily absorbed by the molten metal.
- the seam portion serves as a moisture outlet, and moisture can be discharged out of the wire by thermal energy before reaching the arc region.
- the moisture discharged out of the wire is transferred to the arc by riding on a shield gas stream, and is consequently absorbed by the molten metal.
- contact between the molten metal and moisture (dissociated at a high temperature in the arc and understood as hydrogen atoms) is prevented and rendered harmless. It is possible.
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to a welding method for effectively realizing this effect. Furthermore, in the welding method using a seamed flux cored wire and a special torch, it has been found that better results can be obtained by the structure of the seamed flux cored wire and the design of the flux.
- the flux cored wire is a seam portion in which a steel sheath is filled with flux, and both ends of the metal of the steel sheath are butted or overlapped in the longitudinal direction of the flux cored wire. It has (flux cored wire with seam).
- the steel outer skin means a rolled steel strip.
- the composition (mass ratio) of the flux cored wire is a design value, but a flux cored wire having the same composition as the design value can be obtained.
- composition of the wire can be identified by the composition identification of the flux particles by electron beam microanalyzer or X-ray diffraction method and the chemical analysis of the solution in which the entire wire is dissolved (ICP emission spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, etc.). it can.
- Lseam is defined as a coefficient relating to the alignment allowance in which both ends of the metal of the steel sheath of the flux cored wire are overlapped, and a preferable range is defined from the viewpoint of moisture discharge efficiency.
- the seam part means a part where both ends in the band width direction are butted or overlapped when a flux cored wire is manufactured using a band steel (steel hull) and a flux. It is on the entire longitudinal line of the ard wire.
- the flux cored wire which melt-bonded the seam of the wire is a seamless flux cored wire.
- Lseam is a seam portion (cross section of the seam portion) in which the clearance between both ends of the metal of the steel outer shell is less than 20 ⁇ m (the length of the portion less than 20 ⁇ m) is La, and is 20 ⁇ m or more and less than 40 ⁇ m
- Lb is the length (the length of the part that is 20 ⁇ m or more and less than 40 ⁇ m)
- Lc is the length that is 40 ⁇ m or more and less than 100 ⁇ m (the length of the part that is 40 ⁇ m or more and less than 100 ⁇ m).
- 0.0 ⁇ La + 1.5 ⁇ Lb + Lc The value of Lseam can be obtained by observing the cross section of the wire, and is an average value when any three cross sections of the wire are observed.
- the seamed flux cored wire can be classified into a bat shape, a wrap shape, an apple shape, or the like from its cross-sectional shape depending on the butt end of the steel outer sheath or the difference in superposition, and is not particularly limited.
- a bat shape, a wrap shape, and an apple shape are preferable because moisture is easily discharged from the inside of the wire.
- the bat shape is a butt shape so that the positions of both ends of the steel outer shell coincide with each other as shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 2A.
- the wrap shape is obtained by processing so that the vicinity of both ends of the steel outer shell overlaps vertically.
- the apple shape is formed by bending the vicinity of both ends of the steel outer shell so that the bent portions coincide with each other.
- the clearance width of less than 20 ⁇ m is La
- the length of 20 ⁇ m or more and less than 40 ⁇ m is Lb
- the length of 40 ⁇ m or more and less than 100 ⁇ m is Lc
- the length of 100 ⁇ m or more is the value of Lseam.
- La, Lb, and Lc may each be 0 ⁇ m (not present).
- the value of Lseam is more preferably 0.1 to 1.5 mm, and further preferably 0.15 mm or more. Moreover, 1.2 mm or less is further more preferable, and 1.0 mm or less is further more preferable.
- the wire diameter of the flux cored wire is not particularly limited, but in the welding of high-tensile steel and thick plate intended by the welding method according to the embodiment of the present invention, the wire diameter is 1.0 mm or more from the viewpoint of construction efficiency. Is preferred. Moreover, from a viewpoint of welding workability, 2.0 mm or less is preferable, More preferably, it is 1.2 mm or more, and 1.6 mm or less is more preferable.
- the ratio of the flux to the total mass of the flux cored wire is preferably 8 to 30% by mass, more preferably 10% by mass or more, and more preferably 25% by mass or less from the viewpoint of wire manufacturability.
- the flux types in the flux cored wire can be broadly divided into two types: metal flux and slag flux.
- a metal flux cored wire (metal cored wire) is mainly intended for high welding efficiency, and a slag flux cored wire is mainly intended for good welding workability, a beautiful bead appearance, and the like.
- a slag forming agent is contained in the flux. Since the slag forming agent contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal fluorides, and metal carbonates, it is easy to adsorb moisture on the surface and is welded using a slag flux cored wire. Since the amount of diffusible hydrogen in the metal tends to increase, it is usually necessary to take care in welding with high-strength steel and thick plates.
- the slag forming agent contains impurities in addition to the above compounds.
- the ratio of the slag forming agent to the total mass of the wire is preferably 3 to 21% by mass from the viewpoint of welding workability, more preferably 5% by mass or more, and more preferably 20% by mass or less.
- seizure of the slag is likely to occur on the surface of the weld bead, and when the amount is too large, the bead tends to have a convex shape.
- the slag forming agent contains an oxide as the main slag component
- the metal oxide is in a ratio with respect to the total mass of the flux cored wire, TiO 2 : 1.5 to 15.0 mass%, SiO 2 : 0.15 to 4.0 mass%, ZrO 2 : 0. It is more preferable to contain -3.0% by mass (including 0) and Al 2 O 3 : 0-2.0% by mass (including 0) from the viewpoint of obtaining a better bead appearance, bead shape, and the like.
- the TiO 2 content is more preferably 2.5% by mass or more, and further preferably 12.0% by mass or less.
- SiO 2 is more preferably 0.2% by mass or more, and further preferably 3.0% by mass or less.
- ZrO 2 is more preferably 2.5% by mass or less
- Al 2 O 3 is more preferably 1.5% by mass or less.
- an alkali metal oxide such as Na 2 O, K 2 O, Li 2 O or the like is further added as an arc stabilizer for obtaining better arc stability. It is preferable to do. It is more preferable that the total sum of (Na 2 O + K 2 O + Li 2 O) is 0.01% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.02% by mass or more in terms of the total mass of the wire.
- alkali metals have a high affinity with water and are very easy to adsorb moisture. Therefore, excess alkali metal leads to an increase in the amount of diffusible hydrogen in the weld metal. Moreover, since the arc stabilization effect by the alkali metal oxide is saturated in a small amount, it is more preferable that the total of (Na 2 O + K 2 O + Li 2 O) is 0.8% by mass or less in terms of the total mass of the wire. More preferably, it is 5 mass% or less.
- Flux cored wires whose main slag component is a slag forming agent are special in that the weld metal has particularly excellent toughness and can be welded without using shielding gas (referred to as self-shielding). Some have an effect.
- metal oxide 0 to 1.5 mass% (including 0)
- metal fluoride 1.5 to 8.5 mass%
- metal carbonate 0 in proportion to the total mass of the wire. It is preferable from the viewpoint of welding workability that it contains ⁇ 5.0 mass% (including 0).
- the metal fluoride is in a ratio to the total mass of the flux cored wire, CaF 2 : 0 to 5.0 mass% (including 0), BaF 2 : 0 to 5.0 mass% (including 0) ), SrF 2 : 0 to 5.0% by mass (including 0), and (CaF 2 + BaF 2 + SrF 2 ): 1.5 to 8.0% by mass, better bead appearance, bead shape It is more preferable from the point of obtaining.
- the metal carbonate preferably contains (CaCO 3 + BaCO 3 ): 0 to 5% by mass (including 0) as a percentage of the total mass of the flux cored wire. When the content is 2% by mass or more, weld metal performance (blow hole resistance) when welding without using a shielding gas is improved.
- Metal fluoride powder tends to become fine powder during the pulverization process, and its surface area increases, so it tends to adsorb moisture. Therefore, it leads to an increase in the amount of diffusible hydrogen in the weld metal, and may not be applicable for welding high-strength steel and thick plates.
- a welding method that combines a special torch with a slag-based flux cored wire containing a slag forming agent containing the above metal fluoride as the main slag component, a flux cored wire that provides high toughness and self-shielding properties. Low hydrogenity can be obtained, and it can be easily applied to welding of high-strength steel and thick plates.
- examples of the metal oxide include MgO, CaO, BaO, V 2 O 5 , Cr 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , Y 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3. , Ce 2 O 3 , Pr 2 O 3 , Nd 2 O 3 , BiO and the like.
- examples of the metal fluoride include AlF 3 , CeF 3 , MgF 2 , KF, NaF, LiF, K 2 SiF 6 (potassium silicofluoride), Na 3 AlF 6 (cryolite), and the like.
- examples of the metal carbonate include MgCO 3 , FeCO 3 , MnCO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , Li 2 CO 3 and the like.
- the structure of the special torch and the tip of the contact tip and the base material in the special torch during welding there is a more favorable relationship between the distances D tb along the longitudinal direction of the welding wire. That is, when the distance along the longitudinal direction of the welding wire from the tip of the contact tip to the tip of the suction nozzle is D tk , the distance D tb and the distance D tk are expressed by the following relational expression: It is more preferable to satisfy. D t ⁇ k (mm) ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ D t ⁇ b (mm) and D t ⁇ k (mm) ⁇ D t ⁇ b (mm) ⁇ 8
- the distance D tb has a preferable range (15 to 40 mm).
- the distance D t ⁇ b is more preferably 20 mm or more, and more preferably 35 mm or less.
- the suction nozzle is preferably 8 mm or more away from the base material (D t ⁇ k (mm) ⁇ D t ⁇ b (mm) ⁇ 8), preferably 10 mm or more. More preferred.
- the distance D t ⁇ k is 30% (0.3) or more of the distance D t ⁇ b , suction can be performed from a higher temperature portion of the wire (a range where a large amount of hydrogen source is released). It is preferable from the point of reduction rate, and 35% or more is more preferable. Further, if the values of the distance D t ⁇ k and the distance D t ⁇ b are too close, there is a risk of damage due to radiant heat. Therefore, it is preferable to satisfy the above two relational expressions.
- a welding wire is automatically fed into the cylinder, and arc welding is performed using the welding wire.
- the torch barrel has a mechanism that supports the shield nozzle and the tip body.
- the torch barrel can supply the supplied welding wire to the tip of the tip body (the rear end of the contact tip) via the inner tube in a state where the tip body is mounted.
- the torch barrel applies a welding current to the tip body, and further supplies a shielding gas to a space formed between the inner tube and the tip body.
- the tip body includes a mechanism that supports the orifice, the contact tip, and the suction nozzle.
- the chip body is formed of a material having electrical conductivity such as metal.
- the orifice has a mechanism for rectifying the shield gas. That is, the orifice usually has a cylindrical shape and is mounted by being inserted from the front end side of the outer periphery of the chip body.
- the contact tip supplies a welding current to the welding wire and includes a mechanism for guiding the welding wire to a workpiece to be welded.
- the contact chip is formed of a material having electrical conductivity such as metal.
- the suction nozzle is arranged so as to surround the contact tip and the welding wire supplied from the tip of the contact tip, and the shield nozzle is arranged so as to surround the suction nozzle.
- the shield gas supplied to the tip body is further supplied from the tip body through the orifice to the space between the shield nozzle and the suction nozzle to protect the arc and the weld metal.
- the gas in the space between the suction nozzle and the contact chip is sucked by negative pressure through a suction gas path different from the shield gas supply formed in the chip body.
- the method for generating the negative pressure may be a pump, an ejector, or the like, but is not particularly limited.
- the detailed structure of the welding apparatus and the torch, shield gas, welding conditions, materials to be welded can be generally used conventionally. Can be used.
- the weld metal obtained by the welding method according to the embodiment of the present invention preferably has a hydrogen reduction rate of 30% or more, more preferably 40% or more, as compared to the case where welding is usually performed using a torch.
- the method for measuring the hydrogen reduction rate is as described in [Examples].
- slag seizure “A” means that there was no seizure after slag peeling, and “B” means seizure after slag peeling, but there was no problem in construction, “C” means that there is a lot of seizure after the slag is peeled off, and it is judged that maintenance by a grinder and / or a wire brush is necessary between passes in multi-layer welding construction.
- Examples 1 to 34 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 The composition of the flux cored wire used, the length index (Lseam value) of the seam-coating portion, and the wire diameter are as shown in the table.
- Distance D t-k along the welding wire longitudinally from the distal end of the welding wire longitudinally along a distance D t-b and the contact tip of the tip and the base material of a special torch contact tip used for welding to the tip of the suction nozzle Is as shown in the table.
- “welded metal strength class” indicates that the tensile strength of the weld metal is equal to or higher than that value, and means that the weld metal can be applied to a base material having the strength or less shown here.
- Examples 1 to 20, 27 to 34 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are the results of using flux cored wires containing a metal oxide as a main slag component and further containing an alkali metal and a slag forming agent.
- Examples 21 to 26 are results of using a flux cored wire including a slag forming agent containing metal fluoride as a main slag component.
- Examples 1 to 9 are the results of changing the Lseam value with the same slag design. As Lseam increased, the hydrogen reduction rate decreased.
- Example 1 is an example in which Lseam is a small value. This wire has a low rating of flux spillage.
- Example 16 is an example in which the slag rate and the amount of alkali metal oxide added are low. With this wire, the evaluation of slag seizure and arc stability is low. Since Examples 27 to 34 are examples using the same wire as that of Example 4, evaluation of flux spillage is omitted.
- Examples 4 and 27 to 30 the distance D tb between the tip of the contact tip and the base metal along the longitudinal direction of the welding wire is changed, and the distance along the longitudinal direction of the welding wire from the tip of the contact tip to the tip of the suction nozzle is changed.
- D tk is adjusted appropriately. All have good hydrogen reduction rates.
- Examples 4 and 31 to 34 are examples in which the distance D t ⁇ k is changed with the distance D t ⁇ b being the same. As the distance D t ⁇ k increases, the hydrogen reduction rate tends to increase.
- Examples 10 to 15 and 17 to 20 are examples in which Lseam, wire diameter, flux rate, slag rate, metal oxide amount, metal fluoride amount, metal carbonate amount, and alkali metal oxide amount were appropriately changed. is there. All have good hydrogen reduction rates.
- Examples 21 to 26 are examples using a flux cored wire containing a slag forming agent containing metal fluoride as a main slag component. All have good hydrogen reduction rates. Since all of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 did not have a seam portion, the hydrogen reduction rate was as low as less than 30%.
- a welding method using a special torch and a flux cored wire The special torch has a suction nozzle between the contact tip and the shield nozzle,
- the flux cored wire has a seam portion in which a steel core is filled with a flux, and both ends of the metal in the width direction of the steel shell are butted or overlapped in the longitudinal direction of the flux cored wire.
- the flux contains a slag forming agent, and the slag forming agent comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal fluorides and metal carbonates and impurities,
- the slag forming agent comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal fluorides and metal carbonates and impurities,
- the welding method according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the ratio of the slag forming agent to the mass is 3 to 21% by mass.
- the slag forming agent is a ratio to the total mass of the flux cored wire, Metal oxide: 3.5 to 20.5% by mass, Metal fluoride: 0 to 0.5 mass% (including 0), and Metal carbonate: 0 to 0.5 mass% (including 0)
- the welding method according to aspect 4 comprising: (Aspect 6)
- the metal oxide is a ratio to the total mass of the flux cored wire, TiO 2 : 1.5 to 15.0 mass%, SiO 2 : 0.15 to 4.0% by mass, ZrO 2 : 0 to 3.0% by mass (including 0), Al 2 O 3 : 0 to 2.0% by mass (including 0), and (Na 2 O + K 2 O + Li 2 O): 0.01 to 0.8% by mass
- the slag forming agent is a ratio to the total mass of the flux cored wire, Metal oxide: 0 to 1.5% by mass (including 0), Metal fluoride: 1.5 to 8.
- the welding method according to the embodiment of the present invention shows that the amount of diffusible hydrogen in the weld metal is high even when high-strength steel and thick plates are welded using an inexpensive seam-fluxed cored wire. It can be prevented, and good welding workability and welding efficiency can be realized.
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Abstract
Description
フラックスコアードワイヤはフラックスの効果によって美しいビードが得られるもの、姿勢溶接が容易かつ高能率な溶接条件で溶接が可能となるもの、大溶着量が得られるもの等、有益な効果がある。また、ソリッドワイヤでは、ビード形状、姿勢溶接が難しい等の溶接作業性面で劣る場合があることから、シームレスフラックスコアードワイヤがより好ましく用いられる。
しかし特許文献1には拡散性水素低減効果についての着想は無く、最適な組み合わせワイヤ設計については記載されていない。また、水素吸引性能を効果的に発現させる為のトーチ構成についても当然検討されていない。
また、特許文献3には、特定の組成のスラグ系フラックスコアードワイヤが開示されている。当該スラグ系フラックスコアードワイヤは、溶着金属中のNiの含有量が少ない場合においても、溶着金属に良好な低温靱性が得られる高張力鋼用溶接ワイヤである。しかし、シーム有りフラックスコアードワイヤとしつつ、良好なアーク安定性及び溶接性を得るには、アルカリ金属を適量含有する必要があるが、該アルカリ金属は拡散性水素量増加の要因となる為、積極的に含有させることができない。
[1] 特殊トーチ及びフラックスコアードワイヤを用いる溶接方法であって、
前記特殊トーチは、コンタクトチップとシールドノズルとの間に吸引ノズルを有し、
前記フラックスコアードワイヤは、鋼製外皮の内側にフラックスが充填され、かつ、フラックスコアードワイヤの長手方向に前記鋼製外皮の幅方向の金属の両端が突合せ又は重ね合わされたシーム部を有する溶接方法。
[2] 前記シーム部の横断面において、前記鋼製外皮の幅方向の金属の両端のクリアランスが20μm未満である部分の長さをLaとし、20μm以上40μm未満である部分の長さをLbとし、40μm以上100μm未満である部分の長さをLcとした際に、Lseam=2.0×La+1.5×Lb+Lcで表される値が0.1~1.5mmである、前記[1]に記載の溶接方法。
[3] 前記フラックスコアードワイヤのワイヤ径が直径1.2~2.0mmであり、かつ、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する前記フラックスの割合が8~30質量%である、前記[1]又は[2]に記載の溶接方法。
[4] 前記フラックス中にスラグ形成剤を含有し、前記スラグ形成剤は金属酸化物、金属フッ化物及び金属炭酸塩からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1の化合物と不純物とからなり、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する前記スラグ形成剤の割合が3~21質量%である、前記[1]又は[2]に記載の溶接方法。
[5] 前記スラグ形成剤が、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する割合で、
金属酸化物:3.5~20.5質量%、
金属フッ化物:0~0.5質量%(0を含む)、及び
金属炭酸塩:0~0.5質量%(0を含む)
を含む、前記[4]に記載の溶接方法。
[6] 前記金属酸化物が、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する割合で、
TiO2:1.5~15.0質量%、
SiO2:0.15~4.0質量%、
ZrO2:0~3.0質量%(0を含む)、
Al2O3:0~2.0質量%(0を含む)、及び
(Na2O+K2O+Li2O):0.01~0.8質量%
を含む、前記[5]に記載の溶接方法。
[7] 前記スラグ形成剤が、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する割合で、
金属酸化物:0~1.5質量%(0を含む)、
金属フッ化物:1.5~8.5質量%、及び
金属炭酸塩:0~5.0質量%(0を含む)
を含む、前記[4]に記載の溶接方法。
[8] 前記金属フッ化物が、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する割合で、
CaF2:0~5.0質量%(0を含む)、
BaF2:0~5.0質量%(0を含む)、
SrF2:0~5.0質量%(0を含む)、及び
(CaF2+BaF2+SrF2):1.5~8.0質量%
を含む、前記[7]に記載の溶接方法。
[9] 前記金属炭酸塩が、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する割合で、
(CaCO3+BaCO3):0~5質量%(0を含む)
を含む、前記[4]に記載の溶接方法。
[10] 前記特殊トーチにおける前記コンタクトチップの先端と母材との溶接ワイヤ長手方向に沿う距離Dt-bが15~40mmであり、前記コンタクトチップの先端から前記吸引ノズルの先端までの溶接ワイヤ長手方向に沿う距離Dt-kと前記距離Dt-bとが
Dt-k(mm)≧0.3×Dt-b(mm)、かつ
Dt-k(mm)≦Dt-b(mm)-8
の関係を満たす、前記[1]又は[2]に記載の溶接方法。
ここで、フラックスとは、鉄粉又は合金などの金属粉、及び、金属酸化物粉、金属フッ化物粉等を混合した物質を意味する。
一方、シーム有りフラックスコアードワイヤでは、シーム部が水分の排出口となり、アーク領域に到達する前に熱エネルギーにより水分をワイヤ外に排出できる。ワイヤ外に排出された水分は、一般的なガスシールドアーク溶接では、シールドガスの気流に乗ってアークに移送され、結果的に溶融金属に吸収される。
また、特殊トーチを用いてシールドガスの一部を吸引することにより、該溶融金属と水分(アーク中では高温で解離し、水素原子となると解される)との接触を防止し、無害化することが可能である。
さらに、シーム有りフラックスコアードワイヤと特殊トーチを用いた溶接方法において、適用するシーム有りフラックスコアードワイヤの構造及びフラックスの設計によって、さらに良好な結果が得られることを見出した。
本発明の実施形態におけるフラックスコアードワイヤとは、鋼製外皮中にフラックスが充填され、かつ、フラックスコアードワイヤの長手方向に前記鋼製外皮の金属の両端が突合せ又は重ね合わされたシーム部を有するもの(シーム有りフラックスコアードワイヤ)である。
ここで、鋼製外皮とは、圧延鋼帯のことを意味する。
また、本明細書において、フラックスコアードワイヤの組成(質量割合)はいずれも設計値であるが、該設計値と概ね同組成のフラックスコアードワイヤが得られる。また、ワイヤの組成は、電子線マイクロアナライザ又はX線回折法によるフラックス粒子の組成同定とワイヤ全体を溶解した溶液の化学分析(ICP発光分光分析法、原子吸光光度法等)により同定することができる。
そこで、シーム部において、フラックスコアードワイヤの鋼製外皮の金属の両端を重ね合わせた合わせ代に関する係数としてLseamを定義し、水分排出効率の点から好ましい範囲を規定する。
なお、バット形状とは、図2Aに模式断面図を示すように、鋼製外皮の両端の位置が一致するように突き合わせたものである。ラップ形状とは、図2Bに模式断面図を示すように、鋼製外皮の両端近傍が上下に重なり合うように加工したものである。アップル形状とは、図2Cに模式断面図を示すように、鋼製外皮の両端近傍を折り曲げた後に、折り曲げ部が一致するように突き合せたものである。
また、図2B及び図2Cについても同様に、任意の箇所におけるクリアランスの幅W1とW2が、W1≠W2のように等しくない場合もあるし、W1=W2と等しい場合もある。クリアランスの幅が20μm未満である長さをLa、20μm以上40μm未満である長さをLb、40μm以上100μm未満である長さをLcとし、幅が100μm以上の長さについては、Lseamの値には影響しない。また、La、Lb及びLcはそれぞれ0μmの(存在しない)場合もあり得る。
また、フラックスコアードワイヤ全質量に対するフラックスの割合は、ワイヤの製造性の観点から、8~30質量%が好ましく、10質量%以上がより好ましく、25質量%以下がより好ましい。
上記スラグ形成剤を含むワイヤを用い、特殊トーチを組み合わせて溶接を行うことで、より良好な溶接作業性と低水素による扱いやすさ(低温割れの懸念が少なくなる)を両立することができる。
スラグ形成剤が少ない場合には溶接ビード表面にスラグの焼き付きが発生しやすく、多過ぎる場合にはビードが凸形状となる傾向がある。
TiO2は2.5質量%以上がさらに好ましく、12.0質量%以下がさらに好ましい。SiO2は0.2質量%以上がさらに好ましく、3.0質量%以下がさらに好ましい。ZrO2は2.5質量%以下がさらに好ましく、Al2O3は1.5質量%以下がさらに好ましい。
また、前記金属炭酸塩が、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する割合で、(CaCO3+BaCO3):0~5質量%(0を含む)含むことも好ましく、少量の含有ではアークの集中性が向上し、2質量%以上の含有ではシールドガスを使用せずに溶接する場合の溶接金属性能(耐ブローホール性)が向上する為好ましい。
金属フッ化物としては、AlF3、CeF3、MgF2、KF、NaF、LiF、K2SiF6(珪フッ化カリウム)、Na3AlF6(氷晶石)等が挙げられる。
金属炭酸塩としては、MgCO3、FeCO3、MnCO3、K2CO3、Na2CO3、Li2CO3等が挙げられる。
本発明の実施形態に係る溶接方法には、コンタクトチップとシールドノズルとの間に吸引ノズルを有する特殊トーチを使用する。特殊トーチがかかる構造を有することによって、アーク領域に近いガスを吸引することができる。
すなわち、前記コンタクトチップの先端から前記吸引ノズルの先端までの溶接ワイヤ長手方向に沿う距離をDt-kとした場合に、前記距離Dt-bと前記距離Dt-kとが下記関係式を満たすことがより好ましい。
Dt-k(mm)≧0.3×Dt-b(mm)、かつ
Dt-k(mm)≦Dt-b(mm)-8
一方、溶接作業性の観点から、距離Dt-bには好ましい範囲(15~40mm)がある。距離Dt-bは20mm以上がより好ましく、35mm以下がより好ましい。
さらに、アークの輻射熱による損傷を避ける為には、吸引ノズルは母材から8mm以上離すこと(Dt-k(mm)≦Dt-b(mm)-8)が好ましく、10mm以上離すことがより好ましい。
溶接ワイヤが筒内に自動的に送給され、溶接ワイヤを用いてアーク溶接を行うものである。
チップボディに供給されたシールドガスは、さらにチップボディからオリフィスを介してシールドノズルと吸引ノズル間の空間に供給され、アーク及び溶接金属を保護する。
本発明の実施形態に係る溶接方法により得られた溶接金属は、通常トーチを用いて溶接した場合に比べて、水素低減率が30%以上となることが好ましく、40%以上がより好ましい。
水素低減率の測定方法は[実施例]にて記載したとおりである。
(水素低減率)
本発明の実施形態に係る溶接方法により得られた溶接金属について、通常トーチと特殊トーチの両方を用いて拡散性水素量を測定し、その比から水素低減率を求めた。
具体的には、水素低減率は、通常トーチ又は特殊トーチを用いて「JIS Z 3118(2007)鋼溶接部の水素量測定方法」に基づいて実施した結果を、「JIS Z3118(2007) 7.2項 溶着金属の質量当たりの水素量の算出」に示される式から求めた値を拡散性水素量とし、その比から求めた。
溶接条件は以下のとおりであり、溶接は移動台車を用いた自動溶接とした。また、試行数3回の平均値を結果値として採用した。なお、コンタクトチップ-母材間距離は一部の試験ではJIS準拠としておらず、実施例に記載した。
・溶接電流:270A
・アーク電圧:32V
・溶接速度:350mm/min
・溶接姿勢:下向き
事前に質量を計測した、長さ3.5mトーチ用の溶接用コンジットライナーを直径300mmの円状に3周させ、その中にフラックスコアードワイヤを通過させた。ワイヤを2kg通過させた後に、コンジットライナーの質量を測定し、ワイヤ通過前後の質量の変化をフラックスのこぼれとみなした。
フラックスこぼれの評価結果を表に示すが、表中「A」とは質量変化が0~0.20gであり、長時間の連続溶接が可能で非常に良好であったことを意味する。また、「B」とは質量変化が0.20g超0.50g以下であり、数時間毎のコンジットライナー清掃が望ましいものの、良好であったことを意味する。「C」とは質量変化が0.50g超であり、数時間毎の定期的なコンジットライナーの清掃が必要の普通の評価であったことを意味する。
SM490A 12mmtの母材を組み合わせて水平すみ肉溶接を行った。溶接長は250mmとし、自動台車を使用して行った。溶接中のアークふらつき及びアーク切れを総合的に官能評価した後、ビードの平坦性とスラグ焼き付きを目視試験により評価した。
溶接条件は以下のとおりである。
・溶接電流:270A
・アーク電圧:適正(23~32Vでワイヤによって調整)
・溶接速度:400mm/min
また、「ビード外観」として、「ビードの平坦性」に関し、「A」とは平坦なビードであったことを意味し、「B」はやや凸形状だが施工に問題ないビードであったことを意味し、「C」は凸形状のビードであり、多層溶接施工ではパス間にグラインダによる手入れが必要と判断されたことを意味する。
「スラグ焼き付き」に関し、「A」とはスラグ剥離後に焼き付きが無かったことを意味し、「B」とはスラグ剥離後に焼き付きが見られるが、施工に問題無い程度であったことを意味し、「C」とはスラグ剥離後に焼き付きが多く、多層溶接施工ではパス間にグラインダ及び/又はワイヤブラシによる手入れが必要と判断されたことを意味する。
用いたフラックスコアードワイヤの組成、シームの外皮合わせ部の長さ指数(Lseam値)、ワイヤ径等については表に示したとおりである。
溶接に用いた特殊トーチのコンタクトチップの先端と母材との溶接ワイヤ長手方向に沿う距離Dt-b及びコンタクトチップの先端から吸引ノズルの先端までの溶接ワイヤ長手方向に沿う距離Dt-kは表に示したとおりである。
また、表中、「溶接金属強度クラス」とは溶接金属の引張強さがその数値以上となることを示しており、ここに示した強度以下の母材に適用可能であることを意味する。
実施例1はLseamが小さな値の例である。このワイヤではフラックスのこぼれの評価が低くなる。実施例16はスラグ率とアルカリ金属酸化物の添加量が低い例である。このワイヤではスラグ焼き付きとアーク安定性の評価が低くなる。実施例27~34は実施例4と同一のワイヤを用いた例である為、フラックスこぼれの評価は省略している。
また、実施例4および27~30はコンタクトチップ先端と母材との溶接ワイヤ長手方向に沿う距離Dt-bを変化させ、かつコンタクトチップ先端から吸引ノズル先端までの溶接ワイヤ長手方向に沿う距離Dt-kを適切に調整した例である。どれも良好な水素低減率が得られている。
実施例4および31~34は距離Dt-bを同一として距離Dt-kを変化させた例である。距離Dt-kが長くなる程、水素低減率が高くなる傾向がある。
前述したように、実施例21~26は、金属フッ化物を主スラグ成分としたスラグ形成剤を含むフラックスコアードワイヤを用いた例である。どれも良好な水素低減率が得られている。
比較例1~4は、いずれもシーム部を有さないため、水素低減率が30%未満と低くなった。
(態様1)
特殊トーチ及びフラックスコアードワイヤを用いる溶接方法であって、
前記特殊トーチは、コンタクトチップとシールドノズルとの間に吸引ノズルを有し、
前記フラックスコアードワイヤは、鋼製外皮の内側にフラックスが充填され、かつ、フラックスコアードワイヤの長手方向に前記鋼製外皮の幅方向の金属の両端が突合せ又は重ね合わされたシーム部を有する溶接方法。
(態様2)
前記シーム部の横断面において、前記鋼製外皮の幅方向の金属の両端のクリアランスが20μm未満である部分の長さをLaとし、20μm以上40μm未満である部分の長さをLbとし、40μm以上100μm未満である部分の長さをLcとした際に、Lseam=2.0×La+1.5×Lb+Lcで表される値が0.1~1.5mmである、態様1に記載の溶接方法。
(態様3)
前記フラックスコアードワイヤのワイヤ径が直径1.2~2.0mmであり、かつ、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する前記フラックスの割合が8~30質量%である、態様1又は2に記載の溶接方法。
(態様4)
前記フラックス中にスラグ形成剤を含有し、前記スラグ形成剤は金属酸化物、金属フッ化物及び金属炭酸塩からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1の化合物と不純物とからなり、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する前記スラグ形成剤の割合が3~21質量%である、態様1~3のいずれかに記載の溶接方法。
(態様5)
前記スラグ形成剤が、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する割合で、
金属酸化物:3.5~20.5質量%、
金属フッ化物:0~0.5質量%(0を含む)、及び
金属炭酸塩:0~0.5質量%(0を含む)
を含む、態様4に記載の溶接方法。
(態様6)
前記金属酸化物が、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する割合で、
TiO2:1.5~15.0質量%、
SiO2:0.15~4.0質量%、
ZrO2:0~3.0質量%(0を含む)、
Al2O3:0~2.0質量%(0を含む)、及び
(Na2O+K2O+Li2O):0.01~0.8質量%
を含む、態様4又は5に記載の溶接方法。
(態様7)
前記スラグ形成剤が、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する割合で、
金属酸化物:0~1.5質量%(0を含む)、
金属フッ化物:1.5~8.5質量%、及び
金属炭酸塩:0~5.0質量%(0を含む)
を含む、態様4に記載の溶接方法。
(態様8)
前記金属フッ化物が、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する割合で、
CaF2:0~5.0質量%(0を含む)、
BaF2:0~5.0質量%(0を含む)、
SrF2:0~5.0質量%(0を含む)、及び
(CaF2+BaF2+SrF2):1.5~8.0質量%
を含む、態様4又は7に記載の溶接方法。
(態様9)
前記金属炭酸塩が、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する割合で、
(CaCO3+BaCO3):0~5質量%(0を含む)
を含む、態様4、7及び8のいずれかに記載の溶接方法。
(態様10)
前記特殊トーチにおける前記コンタクトチップの先端と母材との溶接ワイヤ長手方向に沿う距離Dt-bが15~40mmであり、前記コンタクトチップの先端から前記吸引ノズルの先端までの溶接ワイヤ長手方向に沿う距離Dt-kと前記距離Dt-bとが
Dt-k(mm)≧0.3×Dt-b(mm)、かつ
Dt-k(mm)≦Dt-b(mm)-8
の関係を満たす、態様1~9のいずれかに記載の溶接方法。
2 水素源
3 鋼製外皮
4 シーム部
Claims (10)
- 特殊トーチ及びフラックスコアードワイヤを用いる溶接方法であって、
前記特殊トーチは、コンタクトチップとシールドノズルとの間に吸引ノズルを有し、
前記フラックスコアードワイヤは、鋼製外皮の内側にフラックスが充填され、かつ、フラックスコアードワイヤの長手方向に前記鋼製外皮の幅方向の金属の両端が突合せ又は重ね合わされたシーム部を有する溶接方法。 - 前記シーム部の横断面において、前記鋼製外皮の幅方向の金属の両端のクリアランスが20μm未満である部分の長さをLaとし、20μm以上40μm未満である部分の長さをLbとし、40μm以上100μm未満である部分の長さをLcとした際に、Lseam=2.0×La+1.5×Lb+Lcで表される値が0.1~1.5mmである、請求項1に記載の溶接方法。
- 前記フラックスコアードワイヤのワイヤ径が直径1.2~2.0mmであり、かつ、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する前記フラックスの割合が8~30質量%である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の溶接方法。
- 前記フラックス中にスラグ形成剤を含有し、前記スラグ形成剤は金属酸化物、金属フッ化物及び金属炭酸塩からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1の化合物と不純物とからなり、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する前記スラグ形成剤の割合が3~21質量%である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の溶接方法。
- 前記スラグ形成剤が、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する割合で、
金属酸化物:3.5~20.5質量%、
金属フッ化物:0~0.5質量%(0を含む)、及び
金属炭酸塩:0~0.5質量%(0を含む)
を含む、請求項4に記載の溶接方法。 - 前記金属酸化物が、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する割合で、
TiO2:1.5~15.0質量%、
SiO2:0.15~4.0質量%、
ZrO2:0~3.0質量%(0を含む)、
Al2O3:0~2.0質量%(0を含む)、及び
(Na2O+K2O+Li2O):0.01~0.8質量%
を含む、請求項5に記載の溶接方法。 - 前記スラグ形成剤が、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する割合で、
金属酸化物:0~1.5質量%(0を含む)、
金属フッ化物:1.5~8.5質量%、及び
金属炭酸塩:0~5.0質量%(0を含む)
を含む、請求項4に記載の溶接方法。 - 前記金属フッ化物が、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する割合で、
CaF2:0~5.0質量%(0を含む)、
BaF2:0~5.0質量%(0を含む)、
SrF2:0~5.0質量%(0を含む)、及び
(CaF2+BaF2+SrF2):1.5~8.0質量%
を含む、請求項7に記載の溶接方法。 - 前記金属炭酸塩が、前記フラックスコアードワイヤの全質量に対する割合で、
(CaCO3+BaCO3):0~5質量%(0を含む)
を含む、請求項4に記載の溶接方法。 - 前記特殊トーチにおける前記コンタクトチップの先端と母材との溶接ワイヤ長手方向に沿う距離Dt-bが15~40mmであり、前記コンタクトチップの先端から前記吸引ノズルの先端までの溶接ワイヤ長手方向に沿う距離Dt-kと前記距離Dt-bとが
Dt-k(mm)≧0.3×Dt-b(mm)、かつ
Dt-k(mm)≦Dt-b(mm)-8
の関係を満たす、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の溶接方法。
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