WO2017147741A1 - 锂离子电池充电方法 - Google Patents

锂离子电池充电方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017147741A1
WO2017147741A1 PCT/CN2016/074806 CN2016074806W WO2017147741A1 WO 2017147741 A1 WO2017147741 A1 WO 2017147741A1 CN 2016074806 W CN2016074806 W CN 2016074806W WO 2017147741 A1 WO2017147741 A1 WO 2017147741A1
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Prior art keywords
charging
ion battery
lithium ion
pulse
current value
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PCT/CN2016/074806
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
骆福平
张莹
王蒙蒙
王升威
方占召
Original Assignee
东莞新能源科技有限公司
宁德新能源科技有限公司
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Application filed by 东莞新能源科技有限公司, 宁德新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 东莞新能源科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2016/074806 priority Critical patent/WO2017147741A1/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2016/098467 priority patent/WO2017128724A1/zh
Publication of WO2017147741A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017147741A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of lithium ion battery charging technology, and in particular, to a lithium ion battery charging method.
  • lithium-ion batteries Under the limited energy density, the charging speed of lithium-ion batteries can be improved, which can effectively meet the user's demand for charging lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, high-energy density lithium-ion batteries that can achieve fast charging will stand out in the future competition.
  • a lithium ion battery is usually charged to a certain voltage by a method of constant current charging, and then constant voltage charging is performed at the voltage.
  • the lithium ion battery is pulse-charged, that is, when the lithium ion battery is charged, after charging with a large current for a certain period of time, the lithium ion battery is discharged once, thereby completing charging of the lithium ion battery.
  • the method of constant current charging causes the cathode potential of the lithium ion battery to continuously increase, and the anode potential is continuously decreased, which tends to cause lithium ions to be reduced to metal lithium on the anode surface and precipitate, resulting in safety of the lithium ion battery. Poor.
  • the pulse charging method uses a constant pulse current to charge the lithium ion battery, although the anode anodication phenomenon is improved, but the charging speed is slow. Therefore, the charging method in the prior art cannot meet the demand for the charging speed of the lithium ion battery while improving the anodic lithium deposition phenomenon.
  • the invention provides a charging method for a lithium ion battery, which can improve the anodic lithium deposition phenomenon and also improve the charging speed of the lithium ion battery.
  • the present invention provides a method for charging a lithium ion battery, which includes N pulse charging phases, a constant current charging phase, and a constant voltage charging phase, N ⁇ 2 and is an integer; the method further includes:
  • each pulse charging phase the lithium ion battery is charged with a positive pulse current value corresponding to each pulse charging phase, and the lithium ion battery is discharged with a negative pulse current value corresponding to each pulse charging phase, and thus repeated until lithium
  • the positive pulse current value corresponding to each pulse charging phase is sequentially Decrease, the cutoff voltage value corresponding to each pulse charging phase is sequentially increased, and the negative pulse current value corresponding to each of the pulse charging phases is smaller than the positive pulse current value corresponding to the corresponding pulse charging phase;
  • the lithium ion battery is allowed to stand;
  • the lithium ion battery is subjected to constant current charging until the voltage value of the lithium ion battery reaches the cutoff voltage value corresponding to the last pulse charging phase;
  • the lithium ion battery In the constant voltage charging phase, the lithium ion battery is subjected to constant voltage charging until the charging current reaches an off current value, and charging is stopped.
  • the positive pulse current value corresponding to each of the pulse charging stages ranges from 0.7 C to 5 C.
  • the lithium ion battery is charged with a positive pulse current value corresponding to each pulse charging phase, including:
  • the lithium ion battery is charged according to the set charging time, and each of the charging time ranges from 0.1 s to 10 s.
  • the cutoff voltage value corresponding to each of the pulse charging stages ranges from 3.6V to 4.5V.
  • the negative pulse current value of each of the pulse charging stages ranges from 0C to 0.2C.
  • the lithium ion battery is discharged by a negative pulse current value corresponding to each pulse charging phase, including:
  • the lithium ion battery is discharged according to the set discharge time, and each of the discharge time ranges from 0.01 s to 1 s.
  • the lithium ion battery is allowed to stand, comprising:
  • the lithium ion battery is allowed to stand according to the set standing time, and the duration of the standing time ranges from 1 s to 10 s.
  • the constant current value used when the lithium ion battery is subjected to constant current charging has a value ranging from 0.5 C to 3 C.
  • the constant voltage value used when the lithium ion battery is subjected to constant voltage charging is the same as or different from the cutoff voltage value corresponding to the last pulse charging phase.
  • the off current value ranges from 0.01 C to 0.1 C.
  • the lithium ion battery charging method provided by the invention charges the lithium ion battery by alternating positive and negative pulse currents in each pulse charging phase until the voltage of the lithium ion battery reaches the cutoff voltage value corresponding to the current pulse charging phase. Charging.
  • the positive pulse current value corresponding to each pulse charging phase is sequentially decreased, and the cutoff voltage value corresponding to each pulse charging phase is sequentially increased, and the negative pulse current value corresponding to each pulse charging phase is smaller than the corresponding positive pulse current value corresponding to the corresponding pulse charging phase.
  • the technical solution provided by the invention can improve the anodic lithium deposition phenomenon and also improve the charging speed of the lithium ion battery.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional lithium ion battery charging
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for charging a lithium ion battery of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of charging of a lithium ion battery according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a specific embodiment of the charging principle of the lithium ion battery of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a current graph of a charging process of a lithium ion battery of the present invention and a charging process of a conventional lithium ion battery;
  • FIG. 6 is a voltage curve diagram of a charging process of a lithium ion battery and a charging process of a conventional lithium ion battery;
  • Fig. 7 is a graph showing the charging process of the lithium ion battery of the present invention and the charging rate of the conventional lithium ion battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional lithium ion battery charging process.
  • a conventional lithium ion battery charging process includes a constant current charging phase and a constant voltage charging phase.
  • the constant current value can be set to 0.7C
  • the cutoff voltage can be set to 4.4V
  • the off current value can be set to 0.05C.
  • the specific charging process is: firstly, constant current charging is performed at 0.7 C. When the voltage reaches the cut-off voltage of the lithium ion battery of 4.4 V, the battery is charged at a constant voltage to an off current of 0.05 C.
  • C represents a unit of magnification relative to the nominal capacity of a lithium ion battery.
  • a lithium ion battery has a nominal capacity of 1000 mAh, and discharges a lithium ion battery at a discharge current of 0.5 C rate.
  • the magnitude of the discharge current is 500 mA.
  • the charging process of the lithium ion battery charging method of the present embodiment includes N pulse charging stages, a constant current charging stage, and a constant.
  • N ⁇ 2 and an integer; the charging method of the lithium ion battery of the embodiment may specifically include the following steps:
  • each pulse charging phase the lithium ion battery is charged with the positive pulse current value corresponding to each pulse charging phase, and the lithium ion battery is discharged with the negative pulse current value discharge duration corresponding to each pulse charging phase, and thus repeated. It stops until the voltage of the lithium ion battery reaches the cutoff voltage value corresponding to the current pulse charging phase.
  • each pulse charging phase includes a corresponding positive pulse current value, a charging duration, a negative pulse current value, a discharge duration, and an off voltage, wherein the positive pulse current value corresponding to each pulse charging phase is sequentially decreased, and each pulse charging phase corresponds to The cutoff voltage value is sequentially increased, and the negative pulse current value is smaller than the positive pulse current value.
  • Lithium-ion battery needs to be charged by the positive pulse current value that the lithium-ion battery can withstand, but this method is a constant positive pulse current value. When the lithium-ion battery is charged, the positive pulse current value is limited. , can not effectively charge the lithium-ion battery quickly.
  • N pulse charging stages are set, and the positive pulse current values corresponding to the respective pulse charging stages are sequentially decreased.
  • the lithium ion battery Since the value of the positive pulse current corresponding to the first pulse charging phase is large, the requirement for rapid charging of the lithium ion battery can be satisfied, and the lithium ion battery is charged with the positive pulse current value in the first pulse charging phase. After the charging time is reached, the lithium ion battery is discharged with the negative pulse current value corresponding to the first pulse charging phase, and the foregoing charging and discharging process is repeated after the discharge time is reached until the first pulse charging phase is reached. When the voltage is cut off, the discharge is stopped, the current pulse charging phase is completed, and the next pulse charging phase is entered. Thus, charging with a decreasing positive pulse current value increases the charging speed and discharges with a smaller negative pulse current value, which effectively improves the anode anodication problem during high current charging.
  • the charging speed is calculated by charging the lithium ion battery for a certain period of time. If the charging step is added during the charging process, the amount of electricity charged in the lithium ion battery is reduced, thereby affecting the charging speed.
  • the negative pulse current value corresponding to each stage is smaller than the positive pulse current value corresponding to the stage, and the discharge time is relatively short, so the lithium ion battery does not discharge lithium when discharged.
  • the voltage value or SOC value of the ion battery causes a large influence, that is, it does not affect the charging speed of the lithium ion battery.
  • the lithium ion battery As the voltage of the lithium ion battery increases or the SOC increases, if the lithium ion battery is continuously charged with a constant positive pulse current value, the charging rate of the lithium ion battery is not significantly improved, and the lithium ion battery is high under a large current. Lithium deposition is highly prone to occur, so the positive pulse current value corresponding to each stage is set to a value that is sequentially decreased.
  • the lithium ion battery is in a low voltage phase or a low SOC phase, a large positive pulse current value is used for charging.
  • charging with a small positive pulse current value stops charging the lithium ion battery until the cutoff voltage of the last pulse charging phase is reached. In this way, the current value required for the initial stage of the lithium ion battery can be satisfied, the lithium ion battery can be quickly charged, and the lithium ion battery anode can be prevented from being liable to be precipitated.
  • first, second, etc. may be used to describe the length of discharge in the embodiments of the present invention, these discharge durations should not be limited to these terms, and these terms are only used to discharge The durations are distinguished from each other.
  • the length of discharge may also be referred to as the length of the standing period without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and the length of the same standing period may also be referred to as the length of discharge.
  • the lithium ion battery is allowed to stand.
  • the lithium ion battery After the voltage of the lithium ion battery reaches the cut-off voltage of the last pulse charging phase, in order to further improve the phenomenon of lithium deposition in the anode of the lithium ion battery, the lithium ion battery needs to be left to stand, that is, the lithium ion battery is self-discharged at a discharge current of 0 C rate. The voltage of the lithium ion battery drops by a certain value, which is advantageous for the charging process in the subsequent constant current charging phase.
  • the lithium ion battery is subjected to constant current charging until the voltage value of the lithium ion battery reaches the cutoff voltage value corresponding to the last pulse charging phase.
  • the lithium ion battery voltage is lowered by a certain value. Thereafter, in order to further increase the charging speed of the lithium ion battery, the charging current should not be too small and will not follow The charging time is reduced and the current is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a constant current charging phase. At this stage, the lithium ion battery is charged with a constant current value until the voltage value of the lithium ion battery reaches the last pulse charging stage again. When the voltage is cut off, the charging is stopped and the next charging phase is entered.
  • the lithium ion battery is subjected to constant voltage charging until the charging current reaches the off current, and the charging is stopped.
  • the lithium-ion battery In order to ensure that the lithium-ion battery reaches 100%, and avoids overcharging of the lithium-ion battery, the lithium-ion battery needs to be charged at a constant voltage, that is, the lithium-ion battery is charged with a constant voltage value. As the SOC and voltage of the lithium-ion battery increase, the charging current will decrease accordingly, until the off current is reached, the lithium-ion battery is full, and charging is stopped.
  • the lithium ion battery is charged in a manner of alternating positive and negative pulse currents in each pulse charging phase until the voltage of the lithium ion battery reaches the cutoff voltage value corresponding to the current pulse charging phase. Stop charging.
  • the positive pulse current value corresponding to each pulse charging phase is sequentially decreased, and the cutoff voltage value corresponding to each pulse charging phase is sequentially increased, and the negative pulse current value corresponding to each pulse charging phase is smaller than the corresponding positive pulse current value corresponding to the corresponding pulse charging phase.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment can improve the anodic lithium deposition phenomenon and also improve the charging speed of the lithium ion battery.
  • N positive pulse current values ⁇ I c1 , I c2 ... I ci ... can be set.
  • the charging durations ⁇ t c1 , t c2 ... t ci ?? t cn ⁇ corresponding to the positive pulse current values are set, and N negative pulse current values ⁇ I d1 , I d2 ... I di whil I dn ⁇ and The discharge duration corresponding to each negative pulse current value ⁇ t d1 , t d2 ... t di whil t dn ⁇ .
  • N N.
  • the positive pulse current value, the charging duration, the negative pulse current value, the discharge duration, and the specific value of the cutoff voltage value can be selected according to the type of the lithium ion battery and the temperature used for the lithium ion battery.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is described in a lithium ion battery using LiCoO 2 as a cathode and graphite as an anode at a normal temperature.
  • the value of the positive pulse current value corresponding to each pulse charging phase is preferably 0.7 C to 5 C, and since I c1 >I c2 >...I ci >...>I cn , there is 5C ⁇ I c1 >I C2 >;I ci >...>I cn ⁇ 0.7C.
  • “discharging the lithium ion battery by the negative pulse current value corresponding to each pulse charging phase” may specifically include: charging the lithium ion battery according to the set charging duration, wherein the range of charging time ranges It is preferably 0.1 s to 10 s.
  • the value of the cutoff voltage corresponding to each pulse charging phase is preferably in the range of 3.6V to 4.5V. Since V 1 ⁇ V 2 ⁇ ...V i ⁇ ... ⁇ V n , there are 3.6V ⁇ V 1 ⁇ V 2 ⁇ ...V i ⁇ ... ⁇ V n ⁇ 4.5V.
  • the value of the negative pulse current value of each pulse charging phase is preferably 0C to 0.2C.
  • “charging the lithium ion battery with the positive pulse current value corresponding to each pulse charging phase” may specifically include: discharging the lithium ion battery according to the set discharge duration, and preferably selecting a range of discharge durations. It is from 0.01s to 1s.
  • the step 101 “stabilizing the lithium ion battery” may specifically include: restoring the duration of the lithium ion battery according to the set standing time t 0 , wherein the value of the standing time t 0 is determined.
  • the range is preferably from 1 s to 10 s.
  • the constant current value I 0 ranges from 0.5 C to 3 C.
  • the constant voltage value V 0 is the same as or different from the cutoff voltage value of the last pulse charging phase.
  • a final stage of a pulse charging cutoff voltage value V n of the lithium ion battery is charged, it may be a lithium ion battery is charged with the rated voltage of the lithium ion battery.
  • the charging current reaches a corresponding off current I 1 , wherein the off current I 1 preferably ranges from 0.01 C to 0.1 C.
  • the above charging and discharging processes are repeated until the battery voltage reaches V i .
  • the battery is charged with the constant current value I 0 .
  • the cutoff voltage V n of the last pulse charging phase is reached again, the constant voltage value V 0 is used for the lithium battery.
  • the ion battery is charged until the charging current reaches the corresponding off current I 1 .
  • the positive pulse current value I ci can be set to ⁇ 1.8C, 1.4C, 1.2C ⁇ , and the cutoff voltage value V i can be set to ⁇ 4.2V, 4.3.
  • the charging time value t ci can be set to ⁇ 5s, 9s, 10s ⁇
  • the negative pulse current value I di can be set to ⁇ 0.05C, 0.01C, 0 ⁇
  • the discharge time length tdi can be set to ⁇ 0.5s , 1s, 1s ⁇
  • the standing time t 0 can be set to 10s
  • the constant current value I 0 can be set to 1C
  • the off current I 1 can be set to 0.05C.
  • the specific charging process of this embodiment is:
  • the lithium ion battery is charged for 5 s with a positive pulse current value of 1.8 C, and the lithium ion battery is discharged for 0.5 s with a negative pulse current value of 0.05 C.
  • step b Repeat the charging and discharging process of step a until the cutoff voltage of 4.2V is reached.
  • the lithium ion battery is charged for 9 s with a positive pulse current value of 1.4 C, and the lithium ion battery is discharged for 1 s with a negative pulse current value of 0.01 C.
  • step d Repeat the charging and discharging process of step c until the cutoff voltage of 4.3V is reached.
  • the lithium ion battery is charged for 10 s with a positive pulse current value of 1.2 C, and the lithium ion battery is discharged for 1 s with a negative pulse current value of 0 C, that is, the lithium ion battery is in a standing state.
  • step f Repeat the charging and discharging process of step e until the cutoff voltage of 4.4V is reached.
  • the positive pulse current value I ci can also be set to ⁇ 5C, 4C, 2C, 0.7C ⁇
  • the cutoff voltage value Vi can be set to ⁇ 4.0V, 4.1V, 4.25V, 4.4V ⁇
  • the charging time value t ci can be set to ⁇ 0.1s, 0.8s, 2s, 10s ⁇
  • the negative pulse current value I di can be set to ⁇ 0.2C, 0.1C, 0.05C, 0 ⁇
  • the discharge time t di can be set to ⁇ 0.01s, 0.1s, 0.4s , 1s ⁇
  • the standing time length t0 can be set to 30s
  • the constant current value I 0 can be set to 0.5C
  • the off current I 1 can be set to 0.05C.
  • the lithium ion battery is charged for 1 s with a positive pulse current value of 5 C, and the lithium ion battery is discharged for 0.01 s with a negative pulse current value of 0.2 C.
  • step b Repeat the charging and discharging process of step a until the cutoff voltage of 4.0V is reached.
  • the lithium ion battery is charged for 0.8 s with a positive pulse current value of 4, and the lithium ion battery is discharged for 0.1 s with a negative pulse current value of 0.1 C.
  • step d Repeat the charging and discharging process of step c until the cutoff voltage of 4.1V is reached.
  • the lithium ion battery is charged for 2 s with a positive pulse current value of 2 C, and the lithium ion battery is discharged for 0.4 s with a negative pulse current value of 0.05 C.
  • step f Repeat the charging and discharging process of step e until the cutoff voltage of 4.25V is reached.
  • the lithium ion battery is charged for 10 s with a positive pulse current value of 0.7 C, and the lithium ion battery is discharged for 1 s with a negative pulse current value of 0 C, that is, the lithium ion battery is in a standing state.
  • step e Repeat the charging and discharging process of step e until the cutoff voltage of 4.4V is reached.
  • the positive pulse current value I ci can also be set to ⁇ 1.2C, 1C, 0.7C ⁇
  • the cutoff voltage value V i can be set to ⁇ 3.6V, 4.0V, 4.4V ⁇
  • the charging time value t ci can be set to ⁇ 6s, 10s, 10s ⁇
  • the negative pulse current value I di can be set to ⁇ 0.05C, 0.02C, 0.01C ⁇
  • the discharge time t di can be set to ⁇ 1s, 2s, 1s ⁇
  • the standing time t 0 can be set to 1s
  • the constant current value I 0 can be set to 3C
  • the off current I 1 can be set to 0.1C.
  • step b Repeat the charging and discharging process of step a until the cutoff voltage of 3.6V is reached.
  • the lithium ion battery is charged for 10 s with a positive pulse current value of 1 C, and the lithium ion battery is discharged for 2 s with a negative pulse current value of 0.02 C.
  • step d Repeat the charging and discharging process of step c until the cutoff voltage of 4.0V is reached.
  • step f Repeat the charging and discharging process of step e until the cutoff voltage of 4.4V is reached.
  • the positive pulse current value I ci can also be set to ⁇ 2C, 1.5C, 1C ⁇
  • the cutoff voltage value V i can be set to ⁇ 4.1V, 4.25V, 4.4V ⁇
  • the charging time value t ci can be set to ⁇ 1s, 3s , 5s ⁇
  • the negative pulse current value I di can be set to ⁇ 0.1C, 0.05C, 0 ⁇
  • the discharge time t di can be set to ⁇ 0.05s, 0.2s, 0.4s ⁇
  • the standing time t 0 can be set to 10s
  • the constant current value I 0 can be set to 1 C
  • the off current I 1 can be set to 0.01 C.
  • the lithium ion battery is charged for 1 s with a positive pulse current value of 2 C, and the lithium ion battery is discharged for 0.05 s with a negative pulse current value of 0.1 C.
  • step b Repeat the charging and discharging process of step a until the cutoff voltage of 4.1V is reached.
  • the lithium ion battery is charged for 3 s with a positive pulse current value of 1.5 C, and the lithium ion battery is discharged for 0.2 s with a negative pulse current value of 0.05 C.
  • step d Repeat the charging and discharging process of step c until the cutoff voltage of 4.25V is reached.
  • the lithium ion battery is charged for 5 s with a positive pulse current value of 1 C, and the lithium ion battery is discharged for 0.4 s with a negative pulse current value of 0 C, that is, the lithium ion battery is in a standing state.
  • step f Repeat the charging and discharging process of step e until the cutoff voltage of 4.4V is reached.
  • the positive pulse current value I ci can also be set to ⁇ 3C, 2C, 1.3C ⁇
  • the cutoff voltage value V i can be set to ⁇ 4.0V, 4.2V, 4.4V ⁇
  • the charging time value t ci can be set to ⁇ 1s, 5s , 10s ⁇
  • the negative pulse current value I di can be set to ⁇ 0.2C, 0.05C, 0.02C ⁇
  • the discharge time t di can be set to ⁇ 0.05s
  • the standing time t 0 can be set to 30s
  • the constant current value I 0 can be set to 1.5 C
  • the off current I 1 can be set to 0.05 C.
  • the lithium ion battery is charged for 1 s with a positive pulse current value of 3 C, and the lithium ion battery is discharged for 0.05 s with a negative pulse current value of 0.2 C.
  • step b Repeat the charging and discharging process of step a until the cutoff voltage of 4.0V is reached.
  • the lithium ion battery is charged for 5 s with a positive pulse current value of 2 C, and the lithium ion battery is discharged for 0.5 s with a negative pulse current value of 0.05 C.
  • step d Repeat the charging and discharging process of step c until the cutoff voltage of 4.2V is reached.
  • the lithium ion battery is charged for 10 s with a positive pulse current value of 1.3 C, and the lithium ion battery is discharged for 1 s with a negative pulse current value of 0.02 C, that is, the lithium ion battery is in a standing state.
  • step f Repeat the charging and discharging process of step e until the cutoff voltage of 4.4V is reached.
  • Lithium-ion battery is charged at a constant current of 1.5 C until a cut-off voltage of 4.4 V is reached.
  • the third embodiment to the embodiment is only a partial embodiment of the charging method of the lithium ion battery of the present invention, the positive pulse current value I ci , the cutoff voltage value Vi, the charging time value t ci , the negative pulse current value I di , and the discharge.
  • the duration t di , the standing time t 0 , the constant current value I 0 , and the off current I 1 may be exemplified herein depending on the type of the lithium ion battery and the use environment, such as temperature.
  • Table 1 is a correspondence table of charging parameters and charging speeds of the third embodiment to the seventh embodiment and the embodiment of Fig. 1.
  • the charging method of the lithium ion battery of the present invention can greatly improve the charging speed of the lithium ion battery.
  • lithium anode batteries do not undergo anodic lithium deposition, which enhances the safety of the lithium ion battery.
  • FIG. 5 is a current curve diagram of a charging process of a lithium ion battery and a charging process of a conventional lithium ion battery; as can be seen from FIG. 5, in a pulse charging phase, alternating positive pulse current and negative pulse current are used in the same time period.
  • the positive pulse current value can be selected to be greater than the current value during constant current charging, which enables the lithium-ion battery to charge faster.
  • the current value of the third embodiment may be smaller than the current value of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and the same cutoff is to be achieved.
  • the current, the third embodiment requires less time than the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a voltage curve diagram of a charging process of a lithium ion battery and a charging process of a conventional lithium ion battery, and it can be seen from FIG. 6 that the voltage reached by the lithium ion battery in the third embodiment is higher than that of FIG. When the voltage of the embodiment is shown and the lithium ion battery reaches the same cutoff voltage, the time required for the third embodiment is less than the time required for the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • Fig. 7 is a graph showing the charging process of the lithium ion battery of the present invention and the charging rate of the conventional lithium ion battery. It can be seen from FIG. 7 that the charging SOC of the third embodiment is greater than the charging SOC of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in the same time, and the time required for the third embodiment is small when the lithium ion battery is fully charged. The time required for the embodiment shown in Figure 1.
  • the aforementioned program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the program when executed, performs the steps including the foregoing method embodiments; and the foregoing storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units illustrated as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, ie may be located in one place. Or it can be distributed to at least two network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement without deliberate labor.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种锂离子电池充电方法,该方法中,在各脉冲充电阶段,以正负脉冲电流交替的方式对锂离子电池进行充电,直到锂离子电池的电压达到当前脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值时停止充电。各脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值依次减小,各脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值依次增大,且各脉冲充电阶段对应的负脉冲电流值小于相应的脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值。本发明提供的技术方案能够改善阳极析锂现象,还提高了对锂离子电池的充电速度。

Description

锂离子电池充电方法 技术领域
本发明涉及锂离子电池充电技术领域,尤其涉及一种锂离子电池充电方法。
背景技术
随着锂离子电池的发展,在有限的能量密度下,提高锂离子电池的充电速度,可以有效满足用户对锂离子电池的充电需求。因此,能实现快速充电的高能量密度的锂离子电池将会在未来的竞争中脱颖而出。
现有技术中,通常采用恒流充电的方法对锂离子电池充电至某一电压后,再在该电压下进行恒压充电。或者,对锂离子电池进行脉冲充电,即在对锂离子电池进行充电时,采用大电流充电一定时间后,就对锂离子电池进行一次放电,从而对锂离子电池完成充电。
但是,现有技术中,恒流充电的方法会使锂离子电池的阴极电位不断升高,阳极电位不断下降,易造成锂离子在阳极表面还原成金属锂而析出,导致锂离子电池的安全性较差。而采用脉冲充电的方法,采用恒定的脉冲电流对锂离子电池进行充电,虽然改善了阳极析锂现象,但充电速度较慢。因此,现有技术中的充电方法无法在改善阳极析锂现象的同时,满足对锂离子电池的充电速度的需求。
发明内容
本发明提供一种锂离子电池充电方法,能够改善阳极析锂现象,同时还提高了对锂离子电池的充电速度。
本发明提供一种锂离子电池充电方法,依次包括N个脉冲充电阶段、恒流充电阶段和恒压充电阶段,N≥2且为整数;所述方法还包括:
在各脉冲充电阶段,以各脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值对锂离子电池进行充电,并以各脉冲充电阶段对应的负脉冲电流值对所述锂离子电池进行放电,如此重复,直到锂离子电池的电压达到当前脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值时停止;其中,各脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值依次 减小,各脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值依次增大,各所述脉冲充电阶段对应的负脉冲电流值小于相应的脉冲充电阶段对应的所述正脉冲电流值;
将所述锂离子电池静置;
在所述恒流充电阶段,对所述锂离子电池进行恒流充电,直到锂离子电池的电压值达到最后一个脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值时停止;
在所述恒压充电阶段,对所述锂离子电池进行恒压充电,直到充电电流达到截止电流值时,停止充电。
进一步地,上述所述的锂离子电池充电方法中,各所述脉冲充电阶段对应的所述正脉冲电流值的取值范围为0.7C~5C。
进一步地,上述所述的锂离子电池充电方法中,以各脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值对锂离子电池进行充电,包括:
根据设定的充电时长对所述锂离子电池进行充电,各所述充电时长的取值范围为0.1s~10s。
进一步地,上述所述的锂离子电池充电方法中,各所述脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值的取值范围为3.6V~4.5V。
进一步地,上述所述的锂离子电池充电方法中,各所述脉冲充电阶段的所述负脉冲电流值的取值范围为0C~0.2C。
进一步地,上述所述的锂离子电池充电方法中,以各脉冲充电阶段对应的负脉冲电流值对所述锂离子电池进行放电,包括:
根据设定的放电时长对所述锂离子电池进行放电,各所述放电时长的取值范围为0.01s~1s。
进一步地,上述所述的锂离子电池充电方法中,将所述锂离子电池静置,包括:
根据设定的静置时长将所述锂离子电池静置,所述静置时长的取值范围为1s~10s。
进一步地,上述所述的锂离子电池充电方法中,对所述锂离子电池进行恒流充电时使用的恒定电流值的取值范围为0.5C~3C。
进一步地,上述所述的锂离子电池充电方法中,对所述锂离子电池进行恒压充电时使用的恒定电压值与所述最后一个脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值相同或者不同。
进一步地,上述所述的锂离子电池充电方法中,所述截止电流值的取值范围为0.01C~0.1C。
本发明提供的锂离子电池充电方法,通过在各脉冲充电阶段,以正负脉冲电流交替的方式对锂离子电池进行充电,直到锂离子电池的电压达到当前脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值时停止充电。各脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值依次减小,各脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值依次增大,且各脉冲充电阶段对应的负脉冲电流值小于相应的脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值。本发明提供的技术方案能够改善阳极析锂现象,还提高了对锂离子电池的充电速度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为传统的锂离子电池充电原理图;
图2为本发明锂离子电池充电方法实施例的流程图;
图3为本发明锂离子电池充电原理图;
图4为图3锂离子电池充电原理图具体实施例的示意图;
图5为本发明锂离子的电池充过程和传统的锂离子电池的充电过程电流曲线图;
图6为本发明锂离子的电池充过程和传统的锂离子电池的充电过程的电压曲线图;
图7为本发明锂离子的电池充过程和传统的锂离子电池的充电速度曲线图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描 述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
图1为传统的锂离子电池充电原理图,如图1所示,传统的锂离子电池充电过程包括恒流充电阶段和恒压充电阶段。例如,恒流电流值可以设置为0.7C,截止电压可以设置为4.4V,截止电流值可以设置为0.05C。具体的充电过程为,先以0.7C进行恒流充电,当电压达到锂离子电池的截止电压4.4V后,以恒定电压充电到截止电流0.05C。
应当理解的是,C表示的是一个相对与锂离子电池标称容量的一个倍率单位,例如,锂离子电池的标称容量为1000mAh,以0.5C倍率的放电电流对锂离子电池进行放电时,放电电流的大小即为500mA。
实施例一
图2为本发明锂离子电池充电方法实施例的流程图,如图2所示,本实施例的锂离子电池充电方法的充电过程依次包括N个脉冲充电阶段、一个恒流充电阶段和一个恒压充电阶段,N≥2且为整数;本实施例的锂离子电池充电方法具体可以包括如下步骤:
100、在各脉冲充电阶段,以各脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值对锂离子电池进行充电,并以各脉冲充电阶段对应的负脉冲电流值放电时长对锂离子电池进行放电,如此重复,直到锂离子电池的电压达到当前脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值时停止。
例如,每个脉冲充电阶段包括对应的正脉冲电流值、充电时长、负脉冲电流值、放电时长以及截止电压,其中各脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值依次减小,各脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值依次增大,且负脉冲电流值小于正脉冲电流值。
若锂离子电池处于低电压阶段或者低剩余电量(State of Charge,SOC)阶段,为了避免阳极电位不断下降,很容易造成锂离子在阳极表面还原后成锂金属而析出,降低锂离子电池的安全性,需要以锂离子电池所能承受的正脉冲电流值对锂离子电池进行充电,但此种方式为恒定的正脉冲电流值,对锂离子电池进行充电时,由于正脉冲电流值的大小有限,无法有效的对锂离子电池进行快速充电。
因此为了能够快速对锂离子电池进行充电,同时避免阴极电位不断升高,而阳极电位不断下降,造成锂离子在阳极表面还原后成锂金属而析出,导致锂离子电池的安全性较低的问题。本实施例的锂离子电池充电方法中设置了N个脉冲充电阶段,各脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值依次减小。
由于第一个脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值较大,此时能够满足对锂离子电池快速充电的需求,并在以第一个脉冲充电阶段内的正脉冲电流值对锂离子电池进行充电达到充电时长后,会以第一个脉冲充电阶段对应的负脉冲电流值对锂离子电池进行放电,当达到放电时长后再重复前述的充电和放电过程,直到达到第一个脉冲充电阶段内的截止电压时停止放电,完成当前脉冲充电阶段,并进入下一个脉冲充电阶段。这样,采用依次减小的正脉冲电流值充电增加了充电速度,并采用较小的负脉冲电流值放电,有效的改善了大电流充电过程中的阳极析锂问题。
具体地,充电速度是以一定时间内锂离子电池充进去的电量来计算的,如果在充电过程中,中间加放电步骤,会使充到锂离子电池中的电量减小,从而影响充电速度。但是,由于本实施例的锂离子电池充电方法中,各阶段对应的负脉冲电流值小于该阶段对应的正脉冲电流值,且放电时间比较短,所以锂离子电池放电时,并不会对锂离子电池的电压值或者SOC值造成较大的影响,也就是说不会影响锂离子电池的充电速度。
随着锂离子电池的电压升高或者SOC升高,若继续采用恒定的正脉冲电流值对锂离子电池充电,对锂离子电池充电速率并没有明显的改善,且大电流下,锂离子电池阳极易出现析锂现象,所以将各阶段对应的的正脉冲电流值设置为依次减小的数值,在锂离子电池处于低电压阶段或者低SOC阶段时,采用较大的正脉冲电流值充电,在锂离子电池处于高电压阶段或者高SOC阶段时,采用较小的正脉冲电流值充电,直到达到最后一个脉冲充电阶段的截止电压后,停止对锂离子电池充电。这样,既能满足锂离子电池初期需要的电流值,使锂离子电池能够快速充电,又能防止锂离子电池阳极易出现析锂现象。
应当理解的是,尽管在本发明实施例中可能采用术语第一、第二等描述放电时长,但这些放电时长不应限于这些术语,这些术语仅用来将放电 时长彼此区分开。例如在不脱离本发明实施例范围的情况下,放电时长也可以被称为静置时长,同理静置时长也可以被称为放电时长。
101、将锂离子电池静置。
锂离子电池的电压达到最后一个脉冲充电阶段的截止电压后,为了进一步改善锂离子电池阳极析锂的现象,需要将锂离子电池静置,即以0C倍率的放电电流使锂离子电池自放电。锂离子电池的电压下降一定数值,这样有利于后续恒流充电阶段的充电过程。
102、在恒流充电阶段,对锂离子电池进行恒流充电,直到锂离子电池的电压值达到最后一个脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值时停止。
由于在脉冲充电阶段极化累计需要对锂离子电池进行放电,使锂离子电池电压降低一定数值,之后,为了进一步提高对锂离子电池的充电速度,充电电流不应过小,且不会随着充电时长的增长而减小,所以需要采取一个恒流充电阶段,在此阶段,会以恒定电流值对锂离子电池进行恒流充电,直到锂离子电池的电压值再次达到最后一个脉冲充电阶段的截止电压值时停止充电,并进入下一充电阶段。
103、在恒压充电阶段,对锂离子电池进行恒压充电,直到充电电流达到截止电流时,停止充电。
为了保证锂离子电池的电量达到100%,避免充电电压过高对锂离子电池过充,需要对锂离子电池进行恒压充电,即采用恒定电压值对锂离子电池进行充电。随着锂离子电池SOC以及电压的增长,充电电流会相应的下降,直到达到截止电流时,锂离子电池充满,停止充电。
本实施例提供的锂离子电池充电方法,通过在各脉冲充电阶段,以正负脉冲电流交替的方式对锂离子电池进行充电,直到锂离子电池的电压达到当前脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值时停止充电。各脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值依次减小,各脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值依次增大,且各脉冲充电阶段对应的负脉冲电流值小于相应的脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值。本实施例提供的技术方案能够改善阳极析锂现象,还提高了对锂离子电池的充电速度。
实施例二
图3为本发明锂离子电池充电原理图,如图3所示,在一个具体实现 过程中,本实施例中,可以设定N个正脉冲电流值{Ic1、Ic2……Ici……Icn}、N个截止电压值{V1、V2……Vi……Vn},各脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值依次减小,即Ic1>Ic2>……Ici>……>Icn,各脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值依次增大,即V1<V2<……Vi<……<Vn。同时设定各正脉冲电流值对应的充电时长{tc1、tc2……tci……tcn},N个负脉冲电流值{Id1、Id2……Idi……Idn}以及各负脉冲电流值对应的放电时长{td1、td2……tdi……tdn}。其中1≤i≤n,且i为整数,n=N。
例如,可以根据锂离子电池种类以及锂离子电池使用的温度选取正脉冲电流值、充电时长、负脉冲电流值、放电时长以及截至电压值的具体数值。本实施例以常温状态下,由LiCoO2作为阴极,石墨作为阳极的锂离子电池对本发明的技术方案进行描述。
具体地,各脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值的取值范围优选为0.7C~5C,由于Ic1>Ic2>……Ici>……>Icn,所以有5C≥Ic1>Ic2>……Ici>……>Icn≥0.7C。对应地,步骤100中“以各脉冲充电阶段对应的负脉冲电流值对锂离子电池进行放电”具体可以包括:根据设定的充电时长对锂离子电池进行充电,其中各充电时长的取值范围优选为0.1s~10s。
各脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值的取值范围优选为3.6V~4.5V。由于V1<V2<……Vi<……<Vn,所以有3.6V≤V1<V2<……Vi<……<Vn≤4.5V。
进一步地,本实施例中,各脉冲充电阶段的负脉冲电流值的取值范围优选为0C~0.2C。对应地,步骤100中“以各脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值对锂离子电池进行充电”具体可以包括:根据设定的放电时长对锂离子电池进行放电,各放电时长的取值范围优选为0.01s~1s。
进一步地,本实施例中,步骤101“将锂离子电池静置”具体可以包括:根据设定的静置时长t0将锂离子电池静置静置时长,其中静置时长t0的取值范围优选为1s~10s。
进一步地,本实施例中,恒定电流值I0的取值范围为0.5C-3C。恒定电压值V0与最后一个脉冲充电阶段的截止电压值相同或者不同。例如,可以采用最后一个脉冲充电阶段的截止电压值Vn对锂离子电池进行充电,也可以根据锂离子电池的额定电压对锂离子电池进行充电。当锂离子电池 被充满时,充电电流会达到对应的截止电流I1,其中截止电流I1的取值范围优选为0.01C~0.1C。
如图3所示,本实施例中,对锂离子电池进行充电的原理为:从i=1开始,以正脉冲电流值Ici对锂离子电池进行充电,充电时长为tci,然后使锂离子电池以负脉冲电流值Idi放电,放电时长为tdi。重复上述充电和放电过程,直到充电到电池电压达到Vi。当i=n时,说明锂离子电池电压达到最后一个脉冲充电阶段的截止电压Vn。此时根据设定的静置时长t0对锂离子电池进行放电后,以恒定电流值I0充电,当再次达到最后一个脉冲充电阶段的截止电压Vn后,采用恒定的电压值V0对锂离子电池进行充电,直到充电电流达到对应的截止电流I1
为了验证本实施例的锂离子电池充电方法与传统的锂离子电池充电方法相比具有快速充电的效果,下面将以具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行说明。
实施例三
图4为图3锂离子电池充电原理图具体实施例的示意图,正脉冲电流值Ici可以设置为{1.8C、1.4C、1.2C},截止电压值Vi可以设置为{4.2V、4.3V、4.4V},充电时长值tci可以设置为{5s、9s、10s},负脉冲电流值Idi可以设置为{0.05C、0.01C、0},放电时长tdi可以设置为{0.5s、1s、1s},静置时长t0可以设置为10s、恒定电流值I0可以设置为1C,截止电流I1可以设置为0.05C。本实施例的具体充电过程为:
a、以正脉冲电流值1.8C对锂离子电池充电5s,并以负脉冲电流值0.05C对锂离子电池放电0.5s。
b、重复步骤a的充电和放电过程,直到达到截止电压4.2V。
c、以正脉冲电流值1.4C对锂离子电池充电9s,并以负脉冲电流值0.01C对锂离子电池放电1s。
d、重复步骤c的充电和放电过程,直到达到截止电压4.3V。
e、以正脉冲电流值1.2C对锂离子电池充电10s,并以负脉冲电流值0C对锂离子电池放电1s,即锂离子电池处于静置状态。
f、重复步骤e的充电和放电过程,直到达到截止电压4.4V。
g、将锂离子电池静置10s。
h、以恒定电流1C对锂离子电池充电,直到达到截止电压4.4V。
i、以恒定的电压值对锂离子电池充电,直到达到截止电流0.05C。
实施例四
正脉冲电流值Ici还可以设置为{5C、4C、2C、0.7C},截止电压值Vi可以设置为{4.0V、4.1V、4.25V、4.4V},充电时长值tci可以设置为{0.1s、0.8s、2s、10s},负脉冲电流值Idi可以设置为{0.2C、0.1C、0.05C、0},放电时长tdi可以设置为{0.01s、0.1s、0.4s、1s},静置时长t0可以设置为30s,恒定电流值I0可以设置为0.5C,截止电流I1可以设置为0.05C。
a、以正脉冲电流值5C对锂离子电池充电1s,并以负脉冲电流值0.2C对锂离子电池放电0.01s。
b、重复步骤a的充电和放电过程,直到达到截止电压4.0V。
c、以正脉冲电流值4对锂离子电池充电0.8s,并以负脉冲电流值0.1C对锂离子电池放电0.1s。
d、重复步骤c的充电和放电过程,直到达到截止电压4.1V。
e、以正脉冲电流值2C对锂离子电池充电2s,并以负脉冲电流值0.05C对锂离子电池放电0.4s。
f、重复步骤e的充电和放电过程,直到达到截止电压4.25V。
g、以正脉冲电流值0.7C对锂离子电池充电10s,并以负脉冲电流值0C对锂离子电池放电1s,即锂离子电池处于静置状态。
h、重复步骤e的充电和放电过程,直到达到截止电压4.4V。
i、将锂离子电池静置30s。
j、以恒定电流0.5C对锂离子电池充电,直到达到截止电压4.4V。
k、以恒定的电压值对锂离子电池充电,直到达到截止电流0.05C。
实施例五
正脉冲电流值Ici还可以设置为{1.2C、1C、0.7C},截止电压值Vi可以设置为{3.6V、4.0V、4.4V},充电时长值tci可以设置为{6s、10s、10s},负脉冲电流值Idi可以设置为{0.05C、0.02C、0.01C},放电时长tdi可以设置为{1s、2s、1s},静置时长t0可以设置为1s,恒定电流值I0可以设置为3C,截止电流I1可以设置为0.1C。
a、以正脉冲电流值1.2C对锂离子电池充电6s,并以负脉冲电流值 0.05C对锂离子电池放电1s。
b、重复步骤a的充电和放电过程,直到达到截止电压3.6V。
c、以正脉冲电流值1C对锂离子电池充电10s,并以负脉冲电流值0.02C对锂离子电池放电2s。
d、重复步骤c的充电和放电过程,直到达到截止电压4.0V。
e、以正脉冲电流值0.7C对锂离子电池充电10s,并以负脉冲电流值0.01C对锂离子电池放电1s。
f、重复步骤e的充电和放电过程,直到达到截止电压4.4V。
g、将锂离子电池静置1s。
h、以恒定电流3C对锂离子电池充电,直到达到截止电压4.4V。
i、以恒定的电压值对锂离子电池充电,直到达到截止电流0.1C。
实施例六
正脉冲电流值Ici还可以设置为{2C、1.5C、1C},截止电压值Vi可以设置为{4.1V、4.25V、4.4V},充电时长值tci可以设置为{1s、3s、5s},负脉冲电流值Idi可以设置为{0.1C、0.05C、0},放电时长tdi可以设置为{0.05s、0.2s、0.4s},静置时长t0可以设置为10s,恒定电流值I0可以设置为1C,截止电流I1可以设置为0.01C。
a、以正脉冲电流值2C对锂离子电池充电1s,并以负脉冲电流值0.1C对锂离子电池放电0.05s。
b、重复步骤a的充电和放电过程,直到达到截止电压4.1V。
c、以正脉冲电流值1.5C对锂离子电池充电3s,并以负脉冲电流值0.05C对锂离子电池放电0.2s。
d、重复步骤c的充电和放电过程,直到达到截止电压4.25V。
e、以正脉冲电流值1C对锂离子电池充电5s,并以负脉冲电流值0C对锂离子电池放电0.4s,即锂离子电池处于静置状态。
f、重复步骤e的充电和放电过程,直到达到截止电压4.4V。
g、将锂离子电池静置10s。
h、以恒定电流1C对锂离子电池充电,直到达到截止电压4.4V。
i、以恒定的电压值对锂离子电池充电,直到达到截止电流0.01C。
实施例七
正脉冲电流值Ici还可以设置为{3C、2C、1.3C},截止电压值Vi可以设置为{4.0V、4.2V、4.4V},充电时长值tci可以设置为{1s、5s、10s},负脉冲电流值Idi可以设置为{0.2C、0.05C、0.02C},放电时长tdi可以设置为{0.05s、0.5s、1s},静置时长t0可以设置为30s,恒定电流值I0可以设置为1.5C,截止电流I1可以设置为0.05C。
a、以正脉冲电流值3C对锂离子电池充电1s,并以负脉冲电流值0.2C对锂离子电池放电0.05s。
b、重复步骤a的充电和放电过程,直到达到截止电压4.0V。
c、以正脉冲电流值2C对锂离子电池充电5s,并以负脉冲电流值0.05C对锂离子电池放电0.5s。
d、重复步骤c的充电和放电过程,直到达到截止电压4.2V。
e、以正脉冲电流值1.3C对锂离子电池充电10s,并以负脉冲电流值0.02C对锂离子电池放电1s,即锂离子电池处于静置状态。
f、重复步骤e的充电和放电过程,直到达到截止电压4.4V。
g、将锂离子电池静置10s。
h、以恒定电流1.5C对锂离子电池充电,直到达到截止电压4.4V。
i、以恒定的电压值对锂离子电池充电,直到达到截止电流0.05C。
需要说明的是,实施例三-实施例只是本发明锂离子电池充电方法的部分实施例,正脉冲电流值Ici、截止电压值Vi、充电时长值tci、负脉冲电流值Idi、放电时长tdi、静置时长t0、恒定电流值I0以及截止电流I1可以根据锂离子电池的种类以及使用环境,如温度等情况,在此不再一一举例。
表一为实施例三至实施例七与图1实施例的充电参数与充电速度对应表。
表一
Figure PCTCN2016074806-appb-000001
从表一可以看出,采用本发明锂离子电池充电方法,可以极大的提高对锂离子电池的充电速度。
需要说明的是,采用本发明的锂离子电池充电方法,锂离子电池均没有发生阳极析锂的情况,增强了锂离子电池的安全性。
图5为本发明锂离子的电池充过程和传统的锂离子电池的充电过程电流曲线图;由图5可以看出,在脉冲充电阶段,相同时间内,采用正脉冲电流和负脉冲电流交替的对锂离子电池充电,正脉冲电流值可以选取大于恒流充电时的电流值,这样能够使锂离子电池充电更快。在进入恒流充电阶段以及恒压充电阶段时后,锂离子电池的电压以及SOC会相应增加,实施例三的电流值可以小于图1所示实施例的电流值,且若要达到相同的截止电流,实施例三需要的时间小于图1所示实施例所需要的时间。
图6为本发明锂离子的电池充过程和传统的锂离子电池的充电过程的电压曲线图,由图6可以看出,相同时间内实施例三中锂离子电池达到的电压高于图1所示实施例的电压,且锂离子电池达到相同的截止电压时,实施例三所需要的时间小于图1所示实施例所需要的时间。
图7为本发明锂离子的电池充过程和传统的锂离子电池的充电速度曲线图。由图7可以看出,相同时间内,实施例三的充电SOC大于图1所示实施例的充电SOC,且锂离子电池被充满时,实施例三所需要的时间小 于图1所示实施例所需要的时间。
需要说明的是,实施例四-实施例七与图1所示实施例达到效果与实施例三的效果相同,在此不再一一举例。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解:实现上述各方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成。前述的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中。该程序在执行时,执行包括上述各方法实施例的步骤;而前述的存储介质包括:ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的,其中作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到至少两个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性的劳动的情况下,即可以理解并实施。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种锂离子电池充电方法,依次包括N个脉冲充电阶段、恒流充电阶段和恒压充电阶段,N≥2且为整数;其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    在各脉冲充电阶段,以各脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值对锂离子电池进行充电,并以各脉冲充电阶段对应的负脉冲电流值对所述锂离子电池进行放电,如此重复,直到锂离子电池的电压达到当前脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值时停止;其中,各脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值依次减小,各脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值依次增大,各所述脉冲充电阶段对应的负脉冲电流值小于相应的脉冲充电阶段对应的所述正脉冲电流值;
    将所述锂离子电池静置;
    在所述恒流充电阶段,对所述锂离子电池进行恒流充电,直到锂离子电池的电压值达到最后一个脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值时停止;
    在所述恒压充电阶段,对所述锂离子电池进行恒压充电,直到充电电流达到截止电流值时,停止充电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池充电方法,其特征在于,各所述脉冲充电阶段对应的所述正脉冲电流值的取值范围为0.7C~5C。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池充电方法,其特征在于,以各脉冲充电阶段对应的正脉冲电流值对锂离子电池进行充电,包括:
    根据设定的充电时长对所述锂离子电池进行充电,各所述充电时长的取值范围为0.1s~10s。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池充电方法,其特征在于,各所述脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值的取值范围为3.6V~4.5V。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池充电方法,其特征在于,各所述脉冲充电阶段的所述负脉冲电流值的取值范围为0C~0.2C。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池充电方法,其特征在于,以各脉 冲充电阶段对应的负脉冲电流值对所述锂离子电池进行放电,包括:
    根据设定的放电时长对所述锂离子电池进行放电,各所述放电时长的取值范围为0.01s~1s。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的锂离子电池充电方法,其特征在于,将所述锂离子电池静置,包括:
    根据设定的静置时长将所述锂离子电池静置,所述静置时长的取值范围为1s~10s。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的锂离子电池充电方法,其特征在于,对所述锂离子电池进行恒流充电时使用的恒定电流值的取值范围为0.5C~3C。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池充电方法,其特征在于,对所述锂离子电池进行恒压充电时使用的恒定电压值与所述最后一个脉冲充电阶段对应的截止电压值相同或者不同。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池充电方法,其特征在于,所述截止电流值的取值范围为0.01C~0.1C。
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CN111082149A (zh) * 2019-12-18 2020-04-28 江苏智泰新能源科技有限公司 一种锂离子电池的化成方法
CN111934037A (zh) * 2020-07-14 2020-11-13 浙江零跑科技有限公司 一种电池充电方法和计算机可读存储介质
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