WO2017146672A1 - Compositions de nutriments sous forme solide - Google Patents

Compositions de nutriments sous forme solide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017146672A1
WO2017146672A1 PCT/US2016/018910 US2016018910W WO2017146672A1 WO 2017146672 A1 WO2017146672 A1 WO 2017146672A1 US 2016018910 W US2016018910 W US 2016018910W WO 2017146672 A1 WO2017146672 A1 WO 2017146672A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solid form
nutrient composition
form nutrient
composition
molasses
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PCT/US2016/018910
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English (en)
Inventor
Bud Harmon
Original Assignee
Railsplitter Feed Technology, Inc.
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Railsplitter Feed Technology, Inc. filed Critical Railsplitter Feed Technology, Inc.
Priority to PCT/US2016/018910 priority Critical patent/WO2017146672A1/fr
Priority to CA3015346A priority patent/CA3015346A1/fr
Priority to PCT/US2017/018746 priority patent/WO2017147084A1/fr
Priority to US16/078,281 priority patent/US20190069576A1/en
Publication of WO2017146672A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017146672A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A23K10/28—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin from waste dairy products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • Nutrient delivery is an important and challenging process for both animals and plants.
  • iron deficiency is a serious health hazard for young animals, and in particular, to infant pigs.
  • the greatest danger of iron deficiency anemia occurs within the first three or four weeks of life of the infant pig.
  • the infant pig lives by natural preference on sow's milk which has a very low iron content and, therefore, is insufficient to provide the necessary iron infant pigs require.
  • Iron deficiency anemia in infant pigs may result from a low iron content in the sow's milk, low amount of available iron in the pig's environment, and a rapid rate of growth - quadratic increase from birth weight in 21 days.
  • solid form nutrient compositions are provided which may be used to successfully deliver iron to infant pigs and which are able to withstand typical feeding conditions, yet soft enough, when in the form of blocks, so that the pigs will ingest the compositions.
  • the solid form compositions of the invention further include granular materials. Such solid form nutrient compositions may also be used to deliver nutrients such as iron to plants in need of such nutrients.
  • Solid forms as feed blocks are known in the art and have been used, for example, to provide feedstuffs to cattle and pigs. Such blocks are intended to be hard, weather resistant, and have been prepared with animal feed to deliver sources of energy and nutrients to animals.
  • U.S. Patent Number 4,171,379 incorporated herein by reference, describes blocks which have been prepared with nutritional supplements for delivery to pigs.
  • such blocks are not commonly used in the industry today because, although the intent is to make hard blocks, such blocks are often too hard for infant pigs to chew and fail to deliver sufficient overall nutrition to pigs.
  • solid-form nutrient compositions comprising a nutrient, a carbohydrate energy source, one or more nutritional fillers, and milk solids is provided.
  • solid-form nutrient compositions comprising a nutrient, a molasses, one or more nutritional fillers, and milk solids is provided.
  • solid form nutrient compositions in the form of blocks comprising a nutrient, a molasses, a nutritional filler, water, a promoting agent, a dispersant, a metal oxide, milk solids, a sweetener, and a synthetic flavoring substance are provided.
  • solid form nutrient compositions comprising a nutrient, a molasses, and one or more nutritional fillers and wherein the composition contains substantially no clay fillers, is provided.
  • Additional aspects of the invention include solid form nutrient compositions comprising, by weight, between about 7% and 13% of a nutrient, between about 49% to about 59% of a molasses, between about 4% and 10% of nutritional fillers, and between about 2% and 12% of milk solids.
  • Further aspects of the invention include solid form nutrient compositions comprising, by weight, between about 8% and 10% of a nutrient, between about 50% and 55% of a molasses, between about 5% and 8% nutritional fillers, and between about 4% and 8%) milk solids.
  • solid form nutrient compositions in the form of blocks comprising water, cane molasses, a nutrient, soybean oil, milk solids, nutritional fillers, magnesium oxide, and tetrasodium pyrophosphate are provided.
  • Additional aspects of the invention include methods for increasing the hemoglobin content of infant pigs comprising feeding said pigs a solid form nutrient composition of the invention. Further aspects of the invention include methods for preventing anemia in infant pigs comprising feeding said pigs a solid form nutrient composition of the invention.
  • a further aspect of the invention includes solid form nutrient compositions comprising one or more kinds of molasses, one or more nutritional fillers, an iron source, and a metal oxide wherein the solid form nutrient compositions are in granular form.
  • Another aspect of the invention includes solid form nutrient compositions comprising, by weight, between about 6% and about 20% whey permeate, between about 27%) and about 36%> dry cane molasses, between about 5% and 27% cane molasses, between about 10%> and about 27% corn flour, between about 7% and about 25% wheat middlings, between about 7% and 13% of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, between about 1% and 2%) magnesium oxide, and between about 1% and 2% of tetrasodium pyrophosphate, and wherein the solid form nutrient compositions are in granular form.
  • solid form nutrient composition means a nutrient composition of the invention in a solid form suitable for use under typical feeding conditions for animals or for nutrient delivery for plants.
  • Solid forms include, but are not limited to, blocks and granular materials. Such solid forms are sufficiently weather and use resistant such as to enable the delivery of nutrients to animals or plants.
  • solid forms may be used to deliver iron to infant pigs.
  • the solid form nutrient compositions may be in the form of blocks wherein the blocks are used by infant pigs, typically without substantial staining of the skin of the infant pigs and sufficiently soft so that the pigs consume the blocks.
  • Such solid form nutrient compositions may also be in the form of granular materials. When delivered in solid forms, such as in blocks or granular materials, pigs are able to ingest requisite iron without the need for expensive, invasive, and potentially unsanitary delivery of iron through injections.
  • a such as when referring to a component of a solid form nutrient composition of the invention, such as "a carbohydrate energy source” denotes while a single carbohydrate energy source is present, the presence of additional carbohydrate energy sources is not precluded in said composition of the invention.
  • a carbohydrate energy source denotes while a single carbohydrate energy source is present, the presence of additional carbohydrate energy sources is not precluded in said composition of the invention.
  • the term “one or more” in the same context, such as in “one or more nutritional fillers” also means that whereas one nutritional filler is present, an additional one may also be present as could multiple additional nutritional fillers.
  • the nutrient in the solid form nutrient compositions may be any nutrient, in many embodiments at least one nutrient is an iron source. Iron is necessary for pig growth and fostering. Any source of iron may be used which is bioavailable to pigs when given orally. Commonly available and inexpensive sources of iron such as ferrous sulfate monohydrate may be used.
  • At least one nutrient is iron
  • the solid forms may be used to deliver nutrients other than or in addition to iron.
  • the term "nutrient” is meant to include any compound or composition which may be helpful for the growth or maintenance of animals or plants and which is capable of being formulated into a solid form of the invention.
  • nutrients include dietary minerals, phytase, vitamins, antibiotics, antimicrobials, anti-viral agents, immunoglobulins, or vaccines.
  • vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin C, and vitamin K.
  • Examples of dietary minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, magnesium cobalt, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, iodine, bromine, and selenium.
  • Examples of antimicrobials include water-insoluble antibiotics unavailable for injection such as carbadox.
  • Other examples of nutrients include acidifiers, which tend to alter pH levels in the gut thereby reducing harmful bacterial growth such as E. Coli may be used.
  • Examples of anti-viral agents include copper sulfate anhydrous, or hydrated copper sulfate such as copper sulfate pentahydrate and/or zinc oxide.
  • the nutrient is an iron source, that source can be any iron in any form that is bioavailable.
  • Such iron sources include iron salts.
  • Example of iron salts include ferrous chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferric ammonium citrate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous lactate, ferrous maleate, ferric acetate, ferric chloride, ferric citrate, ferrous proteinate, and ferric succinate. Hydrated salts of iron may be used such as ferrous sulfate monohydrate.
  • the solid form nutrient composition is prepared with a carbohydrate energy source.
  • the carbohydrate energy source typically provides a substantial part of the solid form nutrient composition and can be chemically hardened to form a block in many embodiments of the invention.
  • a carbohydrate energy source is molasses, such as cane molasses. Any commercially available molasses may be used.
  • other carbohydrate energy sources are blackstrap molasses, converted molasses, dry cane molasses, citrus molasses, and wood sugar molasses.
  • Other carbohydrate energy sources are sugar or carbohydrates with sugars added such as cornmeal and sucrose.
  • nutritional fillers are included.
  • Such fillers may be wheat middlings, corn flour, such as degerminated corn flour, corn cob meals, and the like. In addition to providing nutrition such as calories and protein, such fillers provide bulk and mass for the block. Nutritional fillers do not include clays because clays do not contribute nutritional value. [0022] Clays have often been used in animal feed blocks as fillers in the past.
  • Such clays are often water absorbent.
  • Typical clays that have been used include attapulgite clay, bentonite, kaolin, and mixtures thereof. While clays may be used in some embodiments of the invention, in many embodiments of the invention, the solid form nutrient compositions use only nutritional fillers and are, therefore, free or substantially free of clay fillers. Examples where clay fillers may be used include compositions of less than about 1% by weight.
  • agents for promoting the formation of solid forms may be used.
  • agents for promoting the formation of solid forms include, but are not limited to, animal and vegetable fats and oils. Typical oils include soybean oil, canola oil, and fish oil.
  • solid fats may be used with the solid form nutrient composition. Such solid fats include grease, bleachable fancy tallow, yellow grease, beef fat, lard, and the like.
  • a promoting agent as a liquid fat or oil is a component of the solid form nutrient composition and no solid fat is added as a component.
  • Setting agents may also be used in the solid form nutrient compositions of the invention. Setting agents quicken the setting time of the formation of the solid form during processing.
  • Ferrous sulfate monohydrate which is an iron source, may also act as a setting agent.
  • Other setting agents may be used in addition to ferrous sulfate monohydrate. Iron sources may serve both as a nutrient and as a setting agent.
  • the solid form nutrient compositions of the invention may also further comprise a dispersant.
  • a dispersant may be used to disperse the fillers of the solid form composition. Examples of dispersants include tetrasodium pyrophosphate and monoammonium phosphate.
  • a sweetener may be added to assist in attracting animals, such as infant pigs, to the solid form nutrient composition.
  • An example of such a sweetener is sucrose.
  • Other sweeteners which may be used are non- caloric sweeteners such as aspartame and/or saccharin.
  • flavorings may also be used. Examples of flavorings include any commercially available flavoring such as red berry, dairy, and strawberry flavorings. Synthetic flavoring substances may also be used such as methyl anthranilate.
  • Milk solids are used as components in many embodiments of the invention.
  • Milk solids are solids which are isolated from milk.
  • a commonly used milk solid is whey permeate.
  • whey permeate comprises over 50% lactose.
  • whey permeate comprises over 60% lactose.
  • Other embodiments include lactose contents of over 80%.
  • One example is an embodiment with a lactose content of 84%.
  • Blocks may be made by any number of routes including those set forth in
  • blocks may be prepared by combining a molasses with suitable metal oxides such as magnesium oxide to make mixtures.
  • suitable metal oxides such as magnesium oxide
  • the addition of magnesium oxide in such embodiments typically induces an exothermic chemical reaction and causes the mixture to start to solidify through the reaction, primarily, with the molasses.
  • Magnesium oxide is often selected because the reaction kinetics are usually more robust when compared with other metal oxides.
  • Water may be used as the medium for the exothermic reaction between, for example, cane molasses and magnesium oxide.
  • the resulting mixtures may be poured into a mold and cured and set within the mold.
  • Curing may be done up to 12, 24, 36, or 48 hours. Examples of curing temperatures are between room temperature and 120°F. Setting may be done at elevated temperatures, room temperature, or below. Possible molds include two-ounce cups and 5.5-ounce cups. Blocks typically have a mass of less than about 250 grams, including less than about 200 grams. Other sizes of blocks include between about 100 grams and 200 grams including any value in between. In many embodiments, the block size is about 145 grams or about 160 grams. The size of the block is dependent on the amount of material made and the size of the mold or the cup. Other ingredients of the inventions may be added during the formation of the blocks. A general example of block formation may be found in Example 1.
  • Granular forms of the invention typically do not include added liquid water and thus may be considered substantially anhydrous when prepared. Once exposed to ambient conditions, however, such granular materials may absorb moisture.
  • Granular forms of the solid form nutrient composition may be made without milk solids.
  • different kinds of molasses may be used such as cane molasses, dry cane molasses, or a combination thereof.
  • the overall amount of molasses typically is found between about 12% and about 35% including any value in between.
  • the total amount of molasses may be about 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, or 34%.
  • Nutritional fillers are also used in such embodiments in an amount typically between about 50% and 60%, including any value in between, by weight. Often, both corn flour, such as degerminated corn flour, and wheat middlings are combined for use as nutritional fillers in such embodiments.
  • the total amount of nutritional filler may be about 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, or 59% by weight.
  • Such embodiments further have between about 7% and 13%, and any value in between, of a nutrient such as an iron source.
  • the iron source may be ferrous sulfate monohydrate.
  • the embodiments include 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, or 12% of a nutrient source such as ferrous sulfate monohydrate.
  • Other components include between about 1% and 4% of a metal oxide such as magnesium oxide including any value in between such as about 2% or 3%.
  • a dispersant such as tetrasodium pyrophosphate may be used between about 1% and 3% including any value in between such as about 2%.
  • Flavorings such as berry or dairy flavorings, together with sweeteners, such as saccharin, are together present at levels of totaling less than about 1%.
  • Such embodiments may further include a promoting agent such as soybean oil in levels of less than or equal to about 4% such as 1%, 2% or 3%.
  • solid form nutrient compositions as granular materials with milk solids are provided.
  • the amount of milk solids used is typically between about 6% and 20%, including any value in between such as about 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, or 19%.
  • Whey permeate is a typical milk solid.
  • Other ranges include between about 8% and 12% and between about 16% and 19%.
  • Such embodiments further include a carbohydrate energy source which often comprises two kinds of molasses: dry cane molasses and cane molasses.
  • Such embodiments typically have between about 17% and about 50% combined dry cane and cane molasses.
  • the amount of dry cane molasses is typically between about 17% and 40% , about 27% and 36% ,or between about 32%) and about 36%, and any value in between the broadest range presented such as about 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, or 39%.
  • the amount of cane molasses in such embodiments typically ranges between about 5% and 27%, including between about 7% and 14%) and between about 9% and 11% including any value in between the largest range presented.
  • Such granular nutrient composition embodiments further include nutritional fillers in an amount typically between about 18% and 52%, including any value in between, by weight.
  • both corn flour, such as degerminated corn flour, and wheat middlings are combined for use as nutritional fillers in such embodiments.
  • the amount of corn flour is between about 10% and 27% and any value in between such as about 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, or 26%.
  • Other ranges include between about 18% and 22% and between about 10% to 13%.
  • the amount of wheat middlings in such embodiments typically ranges between about 7% and 25% and any value in between, such as 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, or 24%. Other ranges include between about 20% and 25% and between about 8% and 10%. Such embodiments also have between about 7% and 13%, and any value in between, of a nutrient such as an iron source.
  • the iron source may be ferrous sulfate monohydrate.
  • the embodiments include about 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, or 12% of a nutrient source such as ferrous sulfate monohydrate.
  • Other components include between about 1% and 2% each of a metal oxide such as magnesium oxide and a dispersant such as tetrasodium pyrophosphate.
  • Flavorings such as berry or dairy flavorings, together with sweeteners, such as saccharin, are together present at levels of less than about 1% and are often about 0.4% each.
  • a synthetic flavoring substance such as methyl anthranilate may be used in an amount of less than 0.1%> and typically between about 0.03%> and 0.07% including any value in between such as about 0.04%, 0.05% or 0.06%.
  • a solid form nutrient composition in the form of a block where no milk solids are present wherein the weight percentage of cane molasses is between about 54% to 62% by weight, including any value in between such as 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, or 61%.
  • the weight percent of water may be between about 5% and 13%, including any value in between such as about 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, or 12%.
  • Such embodiments further include between about 7% and 13%, including any value in between, of a nutrient such as an iron source.
  • a common iron source is ferrous sulfate monohydrate.
  • values such as 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, or 12% are included.
  • between about 3% and 6% magnesium oxide by weight, including any value in between such as about 4% and 5% is present.
  • Such embodiments further include between about 7% and 15% nutritional fillers including any value in between such as about 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, or 14%.
  • nutritional fillers include corn flour, such as degerminated corn flour and wheat middlings. Corn flour is often combined with wheat middlings in such combinations. Typical amounts of corn flour are between about 2% and 7% including any value in between such as about 3%, 4%, 5% or 6%.
  • Typical amounts of wheat middlings are between about 4% and 10% including any value in between such as about 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, or 9%. Such embodiments further contain between about 3% and 8% of a promoting agent such as soybean oil, including any value in between such as 4%, 5%, 6%, or 7%. Further included is a dispersant, such as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, in the amount of between about 1% and 4% by weight including any value in between such as about 2%, 3%, or 4%. Sweeteners and flavorings may also be added to such embodiments. Together, the amount of sweetener, such as saccharin, and flavoring, such as a berry flavoring total less than 1% and more typically, less than 0.5% combined.
  • the invention further includes solid form nutrient composition blocks which contain milk solids as components of the blocks.
  • the milk solids comprise between about 4% and 10% milk solids, including any value in between such as about 5%, 6%, 7%, 8% or 9%. Other ranges include between about 4% and about 8%).
  • a common example of a milk solid as used herein is whey permeate. Such embodiments include between about 7% and 13% of a nutrient and further including any value in between such as about 8%, 9%, 10%, 11% or 12%.
  • a common example of a nutrient is an iron source such as ferrous sulfate monohydrate.
  • Other ranges include between about 50% and 55% and further between about 52% and 53%.
  • Such embodiments further include between about 4% and 10%), including any value in between such as 5%, 6%, 7%, 8% or 9% of nutritional fillers such as wheat middlings and corn flour combined.
  • Other ranges include between about 5% and 8%) and further including between about 6% and 7%.
  • the relative amounts of corn flour and wheat middlings may be the same or different. For example, one may use about 1%, 2%, or 3% each of wheat middlings and corn flour. Such embodiments may further include between about 8% and 16% and any value in between such as about 9%, 10%>, 11%>, 12%, 13%), 14%), or 15%) of water. Other ranges include between about 10%> and 14% of water and also between about 1 1%> and 12% water.
  • Other components within such embodiments may include between about 4% and 6% of a promoting agent such as soybean oil, including about 5%; and may further include between about 4% and 6% of a metal oxide such as magnesium oxide, including about 5%. Often, in such embodiments no solid fats are added.
  • a promoting agent such as soybean oil, including about 5%
  • a metal oxide such as magnesium oxide
  • the solid form nutrient compositions may include sweeteners, flavorings, and synthetic flavoring substances.
  • the total amount of such additives is typically less than 1%.
  • the amount of sweetener and flavoring such as sucrose or saccharin for a sweetener or red berry, strawberry, or dairy flavorings is typically between about 0.1% and 0.5% including about 0.2%, 0.3%, or 0.4% each.
  • the amount of synthetic flavoring substance, such as methyl anthranilate is typically between about 0.01% and 0.05% including about 0.02%, 0.03% or 0.04%.
  • the solid form nutrient compositions of the invention may be delivered to animals, such as infant pigs, or plants, such as in the form of a block or granular materials, to provide an oral route for bioavailable nutrients.
  • the invention includes methods of providing blocks comprising the solid form nutrient compositions herein containing iron sources such as ferrous sulfate, including ferrous sulfate monohydrate, to pigs such as infant pigs.
  • Such delivery can be used to boost the blood levels of iron in the infant pigs and thus enable them to thrive and prevent anemia.
  • the invention includes processes for making solid form nutrient compositions such as blocks and granular materials.
  • a general procedure is to combine and mix liquid ingredients, combine and mix dry organic feed ingredients, combine and mix flavor ingredients, and then combine and mix mineral ingredients. Once mixed, the combination may be poured into a container for heating and curing. Thus, a solid block may be formed in the container.
  • liquid ingredients are cane molasses, water, soybean oil, and methyl anthranilate.
  • dry organic feed ingredients are whey permeate, wheat middlings, and degerminated corn flour.
  • flavor ingredients are sweeteners and flavors such as berry flavor.
  • mineral ingredients are ferrous sulfate monohydrate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, and magnesium oxide.
  • a general procedure is to combine and mix dry ingredients, combine and mix in liquid ingredients, mix and air dry. This procedure results in a granular material.
  • dry ingredients include dried cane molasses with beet sugar pulp absorbent, degerminated corn flour, wheat middlings, whey permeate, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, tetra sodium pyrophosphate, magnesium oxide, saccharin, and flavors.
  • liquid ingredients include cane molasses, soybean oil, and methyl anthranilate.
  • the solid form nutrient compositions may be used as blocks to boost iron in animals by providing digestible iron.
  • the blocks or granular materials may be adjusted in size and iron content to deliver a desired amount of iron. For example, a 100 gram block or granular material loaded with 9% ferrous sulfate monohydrate will contain about 2.95 grams of iron. By comparison, a 100 gram block or granular material loaded with 10.8% iron sulfate monohydrate will contain about 3.54 grams of iron.
  • a solid form nutrient composition such as in the form of a block or granular material, that could deliver 25 mg of iron daily to an infant pig for 21 days. Assuming an average litter of 12.5 pigs, this translates into a block or granular material being able to provide about 6.56 grams of iron. At a 9% loading of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, the mass of such a composition would be about 226 grams.
  • a solid form nutrient composition such as in the form of a block or granular material, where the amount of iron delivered would be sufficient to support 16 mg per day for 10 days and 25 mgs per day for the last 11 days of the 21 -day period from birth. This amounts to a total of about 5.4 grams of iron for an average litter size of 12.5 pigs per litter. At a loading of 9% of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, the mass of such a composition would be 186 grams. It is worth noting that commercial suppliers of ferrous sulfate monohydrate often report an iron content that is less than would be expected stoichiometrically, presumably due to purity. Thus, one may wish to add additional ferrous sulfate monohydrate to take such impurities into account.
  • the solid form nutrient compositions as in block form may be placed in farrowing stalls such that the blocks are accessible to the pigs but unreachable for the sow.
  • the blocks which may be highly flavored, are licked, chewed and bitten by the pigs for the flavor but in doing so consume the needed iron to avoid anemia until weaned to dry diets.
  • the block may be mounted on the panel on the stall off the floor for sanitation, but unavailable to the sows.
  • the blocks of the invention may also be used as a slow fertilizer for ornamental horticulture that has a high requirement for iron including hydrangea, azaleas and rhododendrons.
  • a 140 gram block provides slow release of ferrous sulfate monohydrate that can be easily placed in the ground near the base of the bush in ground buried, for example, about 1 inch below ground level.
  • the blocks last at least 3 to 4 months with rain fall and sprinklers.
  • compositions of the Invention in the form of Blocks.
  • Liquid ingredients are first added to Mix Master Mixer or Hobart Type mixer in the following order: cane molasses, water, soybean oil, and methyl anthranilate, and mixed for about 3 minutes.
  • the following dry feed ingredients are then weighed into the mixers while the mixers continue to run in the following order: whey permeate (when used), wheat middlings, and degerminated corn flour ("DCF").
  • dry flavor ingredients sacharin and flavorings such as berry or dairy flavorings
  • Ferrous sulfate monohydrate finely ground
  • TSPP tetrasodium pyrophosphate
  • magnesium oxide magnesium oxide
  • the resulting liquid is poured and dipped into 5.5 ounce sealable plastic cups ( ⁇ 160 grams per cup).
  • the products in the cups are then allowed to cure at room temperature for about 4 hours. Once cured, the products are placed in a drying cabinet for about 36 hours at 120° F for continued curing and solidification. Afterwards, snap-on plastic caps are placed on the cups. Once the blocks are removed from the cups, quarter inch holes are drilled for mounting the blocks on side panel of farrowing stalls so as to protect the blocks from fecal matter.
  • the blocks are placed in a location to be accessible to infant pigs but not accessible to sows.
  • compositions in the form of Granular Materials are Compositions in the form of Granular Materials.
  • dry ingredients listed are first added to a Mix Master Mixer or Hobart Mixer: dried cane molasses with beet sugar pulp absorbent, whey permeate (when used), degerminated corn flour, wheat middlings, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, magnesium oxide (Such as FIR 93X), saccharin, and berry flavor.
  • liquid ingredients are next added to the mixer prior to mixing in the following order: cane molasses, soybean oil, and methyl anthranilate.
  • the total batch is mixed for 8 minutes.
  • the batch is poured onto a metal tray table to air dry. After air drying for 1 hour the product is bagged in 25 lb. polylined bags.
  • a typical batch size is between about 800 to 1000 g.
  • Example 4 [0064] The following weight percent compositions for granular forms as set forth in Tables 9-13 were made according to the general procedures of Example 3.
  • sample numbers 305, 306, and 309 and four block each of sample numbers 310 and 311 were tested with multiple infant pig litters. All pigs who consumed the blocks (including where no injections were given) showed a strong pink color through weaning, at least as strong as those given two injections of iron dextran. Such pigs were also found to behave equally aggressively as pigs given two injections of iron dextran, but not given blocks. These observations indicate that pigs fed only blocks did not suffer from anemia and fared at least as well as pigs given two injections of iron dextran as per typical procedure.
  • Example 6 four litters of pigs were provided granular product (sample numbers 272 and 280). These litters were offered these granular products ad litum from birth to 21 days of birth. Two litters were not offered granular material, but were instead injected with iron dextran on day 3 after birth with 1 cc of 200 mg of iron dextran. Two other litters, also not offered granular material, were injected twice, once on day 3, and once on day 10 after birth. Each injection was a 1 cc injection of 200 mg of iron dextran.
  • the granular iron was offered ad libitum to nursing pigs from birth to 21 days of age and provides significantly more iron in support of normal hemoglobin than injection of iron dextran at the level recommended by the manufacturer.
  • the National Research Council in the Nutrient Requirement of Swine publication recommends that levels of iron dextran providing more than 200 mg per pig in one injection be avoided. Many producers provide a second injection to minimize the deficiency which doubles the cost of preventing anemia in young pigs, and increases the probability of spreading pathogens with needles.
  • Hemoglobin analysis is an excellent way to quantitate the adequacy of iron for the pig but the treatment differences are obvious by just viewing the litters. Pigs with adequate hemoglobin have better color and are much more active and aggressive whether nursing or simply activity in the pen. In the case of Example 6, not only were hemoglobin levels significantly superior for most of the pigs treated with granular products of the invention, but their skin color and behavior was also superior to those of the pigs given standard iron dextran injections.
  • a striking difference between healthy hemoglobin adequate pigs and anemic pigs is the color of the skin. This is most obvious in white pigs, and most pigs in US have some white color in their breed lineage. Pigs with hemoglobin values above 10 gm per 100 ml. have extremely bright, pink skin, while anemic pigs have very pale almost white color of the skin.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions de nutriments sous forme solide destinées à être utilisées pour administrer des nutriments, tels que des sources de fer, à des plantes et à des animaux, notamment des porcelets. Des modes de réalisation comprennent ces compositions de nutriments sous forme solide, des procédés de préparations de ces compositions, des compositions préparées par de tels procédés, et des procédés pour administrer des nutriments à des plantes ou des animaux avec ces compositions.
PCT/US2016/018910 2016-02-22 2016-02-22 Compositions de nutriments sous forme solide WO2017146672A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2016/018910 WO2017146672A1 (fr) 2016-02-22 2016-02-22 Compositions de nutriments sous forme solide
CA3015346A CA3015346A1 (fr) 2016-02-22 2017-02-21 Compositions de nutriments sous forme solide
PCT/US2017/018746 WO2017147084A1 (fr) 2016-02-22 2017-02-21 Compositions de nutriments sous forme solide
US16/078,281 US20190069576A1 (en) 2016-02-22 2017-02-21 Solid Form Nutrient Compositions

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10492493B2 (en) 2013-09-27 2019-12-03 B3 Solutions Llc Bird deterrents

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2056107A (en) * 1935-09-17 1936-09-29 Beacon Milling Company Inc Pelleted feed and method of making same
US4265916A (en) * 1979-01-23 1981-05-05 Ralson Purina Company Animal feed block containing ferrous sulfate and finely ground magnesium oxide
US4362710A (en) * 1980-07-04 1982-12-07 Nissan Gosei Kogyo Co., Ltd. Feeds for baby pigs, process for preparing the same and method of breeding baby pigs
US20030152689A1 (en) * 2001-08-20 2003-08-14 Ethington Reed T. Amorphous solid cast feed product made by solidifying liquid agricultural by products
US20040166203A1 (en) * 2003-02-20 2004-08-26 Slim-Fast Foods Company Nutrition bar and process of making components
US20130084252A1 (en) * 2011-09-15 2013-04-04 Symrise Ag Use of certain neoflavonoids for intensifying and/or producing a sensory impression of sweetness
US20150010767A1 (en) * 2012-10-23 2015-01-08 United States Gypsum Company Method of preparing pregelatinized, partially hydrolyzed starch and related methods and products

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2056107A (en) * 1935-09-17 1936-09-29 Beacon Milling Company Inc Pelleted feed and method of making same
US4265916A (en) * 1979-01-23 1981-05-05 Ralson Purina Company Animal feed block containing ferrous sulfate and finely ground magnesium oxide
US4362710A (en) * 1980-07-04 1982-12-07 Nissan Gosei Kogyo Co., Ltd. Feeds for baby pigs, process for preparing the same and method of breeding baby pigs
US20030152689A1 (en) * 2001-08-20 2003-08-14 Ethington Reed T. Amorphous solid cast feed product made by solidifying liquid agricultural by products
US20040166203A1 (en) * 2003-02-20 2004-08-26 Slim-Fast Foods Company Nutrition bar and process of making components
US20130084252A1 (en) * 2011-09-15 2013-04-04 Symrise Ag Use of certain neoflavonoids for intensifying and/or producing a sensory impression of sweetness
US20150010767A1 (en) * 2012-10-23 2015-01-08 United States Gypsum Company Method of preparing pregelatinized, partially hydrolyzed starch and related methods and products

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10492493B2 (en) 2013-09-27 2019-12-03 B3 Solutions Llc Bird deterrents

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