WO2017145557A1 - ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 - Google Patents
ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017145557A1 WO2017145557A1 PCT/JP2017/000941 JP2017000941W WO2017145557A1 WO 2017145557 A1 WO2017145557 A1 WO 2017145557A1 JP 2017000941 W JP2017000941 W JP 2017000941W WO 2017145557 A1 WO2017145557 A1 WO 2017145557A1
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- Prior art keywords
- light
- condensing
- curvature
- illumination
- light emitting
- Prior art date
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- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 169
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a head-up display device that is mounted on a moving body and displays a virtual image so that the image can be viewed by an occupant.
- a head-up display device (hereinafter abbreviated as a HUD device) that is mounted on a moving body and displays a virtual image so that an image can be visually recognized by an occupant is known.
- the HUD device disclosed in Patent Literature 1 includes a plurality of light emitting elements, an image forming unit, and a light collecting unit.
- the plurality of light emitting elements are arranged with each other and emit illumination light.
- the image forming unit has an illumination target surface, and the illumination light from each light emitting element illuminates the illumination target surface to form an image.
- the condensing unit collects the illumination light and makes it incident on the illumination target surface.
- the condensing part has a condensing lens provided with a toroidal surface having different curvatures in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.
- the toroidal surface is a kind of anamorphic surface.
- the toroidal surface of Patent Document 1 is a single convex surface having the same size as the illumination target surface in the condenser lens. Therefore, for example, a design restriction occurs such that a large curvature cannot be set. Furthermore, since this toroidal surface collects the illumination light from each light emitting element collectively, it was not possible to efficiently collect light according to the arrangement of each light emitting element. Therefore, there has been a concern that the visibility cannot be sufficiently improved in a virtual image obtained by projecting an image formed by the image forming unit onto a projection member.
- This disclosure aims to provide a HUD device with high visibility of a virtual image.
- the head-up display device is mounted on a moving body and projects the image onto a projection member to display the image in a virtual image so that the occupant can visually recognize the image.
- the head-up display device includes a plurality of light emitting elements that are arranged with each other and emit illumination light.
- the head-up display device further includes an image forming unit that has an illumination target surface and forms the image by illuminating a corresponding region of the illumination target surface with the illumination light from each of the light emitting elements. .
- the head-up display device further includes a condensing unit that condenses the illumination light from each of the light emitting elements and causes the illumination light to enter the illumination target surface.
- the condensing unit is a plurality of lens elements provided to form a pair with each of the light emitting elements, and the condensing lens elements provided with a condensing surface for condensing the illumination light are arranged with each other.
- a condensing lens array is formed.
- the z direction is defined as a direction connecting the surface vertex of the light collecting surface and the paired light emitting elements.
- An x direction and a y direction orthogonal to each other are defined on a virtual plane orthogonal to the z direction.
- the pair of the condensing lens element and the light emitting element is arranged with at least one of the x direction and the y direction as an arrangement direction.
- Each said condensing surface is an anamorphic surface formed in the convex surface shape from which the curvature of the said x direction differs from the curvature of the said y direction.
- the drawing It is a schematic diagram which shows the mounting state to the vehicle of the HUD apparatus in 1st Embodiment, It is a figure showing a light emitting element, a condensing part, and an image formation part in a 1st embodiment, and is a sectional view showing a section containing an arrangement direction and a z direction, It is a figure which shows the light emitting element in 1st Embodiment, a condensing part, and an image formation part, Comprising: It is sectional drawing which shows the cross section containing another direction and z direction, It is a graph which shows the radiation angle distribution of the light emitting element in 1st Embodiment, It is a perspective view which shows the compound lens array in 1st Embodiment, It is a figure for demonstrating the condensing Fresnel surface of the compound lens array in 1st Embodiment,
- FIG. 8 It is a figure corresponding to FIG. 8 in 2nd Embodiment, It is a figure which shows the compound lens array in 2nd Embodiment, Comprising: It is sectional drawing which shows the cross section containing a y direction and a z direction, It is a figure which shows the compound lens array in 2nd Embodiment, Comprising: It is sectional drawing which shows the cross section containing x direction and z direction, It is a figure corresponding to FIG. 2 in the modification 7, It is a figure which shows the light emitting element in one example among the modifications 9, the condensing part, and the image formation part, and FIG. 20 is a diagram corresponding to FIG.
- the HUD device 100 As shown in FIG. 1, the HUD device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure is mounted on a vehicle 1 that is a kind of moving body and is housed in an instrument panel 2.
- the HUD device 100 projects an image onto a windshield 3 as a projection member of the vehicle 1.
- HUD device 100 displays a virtual image so that a crew member of vehicles 1 can recognize visually. That is, the light of the image reflected by the windshield 3 reaches the occupant's eye point EP in the vehicle 1 and the occupant perceives the light.
- the occupant can recognize various information displayed as the virtual image VI. Examples of various information displayed as the virtual image VI include vehicle state values such as vehicle speed and fuel remaining amount, or vehicle information such as road information and visibility assistance information.
- the windshield 3 of the vehicle 1 is formed in a plate shape with translucent glass or synthetic resin.
- the room-side surface forms a projection surface 3a on which an image is projected in a smooth concave shape or a flat shape.
- a combiner separate from the vehicle 1 instead of the windshield 3, may be installed in the vehicle 1, and an image may be projected onto the combiner.
- the HUD device 100 includes a plurality of light emitting elements 12, a light collecting unit 14, an image forming unit 30, a plane mirror 40, and a concave mirror 42, which are housed and held in a housing 50.
- Each light emitting element 12 is a light emitting diode element with little heat generation.
- Each light emitting element 12 is disposed on a light source circuit board and is electrically connected to a power source through a wiring pattern on the board. More specifically, each light emitting element 12 is formed by sealing a chip-like blue light emitting diode element with a yellow phosphor in which a yellow fluorescent agent is mixed with a synthetic resin having translucency. The yellow phosphor is excited by blue light emitted according to the amount of current from the blue light emitting diode element to emit yellow light, and pseudo white illumination light is emitted by combining the blue light and the yellow light.
- each light emitting element 12 emits illumination light with a radiation angle distribution in which the light emission intensity relatively decreases as the light emission intensity deviates from the peak direction PD where the light emission intensity is maximum.
- the condenser 14 has a condenser lens array 15 and a compound lens array 18 as shown in FIGS.
- the condensing unit 14 collimates the illuminating light from each light emitting element 12 by the condensing by these lens arrays 15 and 18 so as to enter the illumination target surface 32 of the image forming unit 30.
- the collimation in the present embodiment means that the illumination light is closer to the parallel light flux than the state where the illumination light is emitted radially from the light emitting element 12, and the illumination light is a completely parallel light flux. There is no need.
- the image forming unit 30 is a liquid crystal panel using thin film transistors (TFTs), for example, an active matrix type liquid crystal panel formed from a plurality of liquid crystal pixels arranged in a two-dimensional direction. is there.
- TFTs thin film transistors
- a pair of polarizing plates and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of polarizing plates are stacked.
- the polarizing plate has the property that the electric field vector transmits light in a predetermined direction and the electric field vector absorbs light in a direction substantially perpendicular to the predetermined direction, and the pair of polarizing plates are arranged so that the predetermined direction is substantially orthogonal to each other.
- the liquid crystal layer can rotate the polarization direction of light incident on the liquid crystal layer in accordance with the applied voltage by applying a voltage for each liquid crystal pixel.
- the image forming unit 30 can form an image by controlling the transmittance of the light for each liquid crystal pixel by the incidence of light on the illumination target surface 32 that is the surface on the light collecting unit 14 side of the panel. It has become.
- Adjacent liquid crystal pixels are provided with color filters of different colors (for example, red, green and blue), and various colors are realized by combining these color filters.
- the image forming unit 30 has a diffusion unit 34 on the surface of the light collecting unit 14 side.
- the diffusion unit 34 is disposed along the illumination target surface 32 and is formed in a film shape, for example. Or the spreading
- Such a diffusion unit 34 diffuses the collimated illumination light immediately before passing through the image forming unit 30. The light of the image formed by the image forming unit 30 enters the plane mirror 40.
- the flat mirror 40 shown in FIG. 1 is formed by evaporating aluminum as the reflective surface 41 on the surface of a base material made of synthetic resin or glass.
- the reflection surface 41 is formed in a smooth flat shape.
- the plane mirror 40 reflects the image light from the image forming unit 30 toward the concave mirror 42.
- the concave mirror 42 is formed by evaporating aluminum as the reflecting surface 43 on the surface of a base material made of synthetic resin or glass.
- the reflecting surface 43 is formed in a smooth curved surface as a concave surface in which the center of the concave mirror 42 is recessed.
- the concave mirror 42 reflects the image light from the plane mirror 40 toward the windshield 3.
- a window portion is provided in the housing 50 between the concave mirror 42 and the windshield 3.
- the window portion is covered with a translucent dustproof cover 52. Therefore, the image light from the concave mirror 42 passes through the dustproof cover 52 and is reflected by the windshield 3. Thus, the occupant can visually recognize the light reflected by the windshield 3 as a virtual image VI.
- the condensing lens array 15 in the condensing unit 14 is formed by arranging a plurality of condensing lens elements 15a made of translucent synthetic resin or glass.
- Each condensing lens element 15a is a lens element provided in the same number as the light emitting elements 12 so as to be paired with each light emitting element 12 individually.
- Each condensing lens element 15a has a condensing surface 17 that condenses the illumination light from each pair of light emitting elements 12.
- each condensing surface 17 is provided as an exit side surface that faces the image forming unit 30 side and emits illumination light.
- the incident-side surface 16 on which the illumination light is incident is a single flat surface having a smooth flat shape common to the respective condensing lens elements 15a.
- the z direction is defined as a direction connecting the surface vertex 17a of the light collecting surface 17 and the light emitting element 12 paired with the light collecting surface 17. Then, an x direction and a z direction orthogonal to each other are defined on a virtual plane orthogonal to the z direction. In this embodiment, since the normal direction of the incident side surface 16 is arranged along the z direction, the virtual plane can be substantially replaced with the incident side surface 16.
- the arrangement interval between the light emitting elements 12 arranged mutually is substantially equal to the interval between the surface vertices 17a of the condensing surface 17 in the condensing lens elements 15a arranged mutually.
- the normal direction of the light collection surface 17 at the surface vertex 17a is along the z direction.
- the distance between each light emitting element 12 and the surface apex 17a of the paired condensing lens element 15a is substantially equal in each pair.
- the pair of the condensing lens element 15a and the light emitting element 12 is arranged with the x direction of the x direction and the y direction as the arrangement direction AD. That is, the pair of the condensing lens element 15a and the light emitting element 12 is arranged in one direction of the x direction.
- the number of pairs of condensing lens elements 15a and light emitting elements 12 in the arrangement direction AD is Na.
- each condensing surface 17 is an anamorphic surface formed in a smooth convex shape in which the curvature in the x direction and the curvature in the y direction are different from each other.
- the curvature in the x direction is larger than the curvature in the y direction at and near the surface vertex 17a.
- the vicinity of the surface vertex 17a in the present embodiment refers to a range in which the distance from the surface vertex 17a is about a half value of the dimension with respect to the dimension in each direction of the light collection surface, for example.
- the curvature of the light collection surface 17 in the arrangement direction AD and the other The curvatures in the direction SD are different from each other.
- the curvature in the arrangement direction AD is larger than the curvature in the other direction SD at the surface vertex 17a and in the vicinity thereof.
- each condensing surface 17 of the present embodiment is as follows: It has become.
- x is a coordinate in the x direction
- y is a coordinate in the y direction
- cx is a curvature in the x direction at the surface vertex 17a
- cy is a curvature in the y direction at the surface vertex 17a
- kx is a conic constant in the x direction
- ky is y. The conic constant of the direction.
- the conic constant in the arrangement direction AD is set smaller than the conic constant in the other direction SD, that is, kx ⁇ ky.
- the conic constant in the arrangement direction AD is preferably set to be smaller than 0, that is, kx ⁇ 0.
- the conic constant in the arrangement direction AD is more preferably set to ⁇ 1 or less, that is, kx ⁇ 1.
- each condensing surface 17 is formed in a parabolic shape (see FIG. 2).
- each condensing surface 17 is formed in an arc shape (particularly, a semicircular shape in the present embodiment) (see FIG. 3). reference).
- each of the condensing lens elements 15a arranged with each other adjacent condensing surfaces 17 are connected to each other while forming a concave recess at the boundary.
- the illumination light incident on the condensing lens array 15 passes through each condensing lens element 15 a while varying the degree of condensing in the arrangement direction AD and the other direction SD, and then enters the compound lens array 18.
- the compound lens array 18 is provided on the optical path between the condensing lens array 15 and the illumination target surface 32, and a plurality of compound lens elements 18a made of translucent synthetic resin or glass are mutually connected. Arranged and formed.
- Each compound lens element 18 a is a lens element provided in the same number as the light-emitting element 12 and the light-collecting lens element 15 a corresponding to the pair of the light-collecting lens element 15 a and the light-emitting element 12. That is, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2 in particular, the compound lens elements 18a are arranged in the arrangement direction AD in the same number as the arrangement number Na. As shown in FIG.
- each compound lens element 18a has a Fresnel structure in which a condensing Fresnel surface 19 is arranged as an incident side surface on which the condensing lens array 15 faces and the illumination light enters.
- the exit-side surface that faces the image forming unit 30 and emits illumination light is a composite surface 20. In FIG. 5, a part of the shape is simplified.
- the condensing Fresnel surface 19 is a divided region obtained by dividing the virtual condensing virtual surface Sip into the other direction SD (in the y direction in this embodiment) with a predetermined dividing width Ws. Is formed.
- the condensing virtual surface Sip has a smooth curved surface as a convex surface convex toward the condensing lens element 15 a side of the condensing lens array 15.
- the division width Ws in the division region of the condensing Fresnel surface 19 is set to a substantially constant value.
- the condensing Fresnel surface 19 further condenses the illumination light from the condensing lens array 15 by refraction, and transmits it to the composite surface 20 side.
- the composite surface 20 forms an alternating arrangement structure in which parallelizing surfaces 21 and deflecting surfaces 22 are alternately connected.
- the parallelized surface 21 is formed as one divided region obtained by dividing the virtual parallelized virtual surface Sic into regions in the arrangement direction AD (x direction in the present embodiment) with a predetermined divided width Wa.
- the parallelized virtual surface Sic has a smooth curved surface as a convex surface convex toward the image forming unit 30 side.
- the curvature of the parallel virtual surface Sic is set substantially equal to the curvature of the condensing virtual surface Sip.
- the deflection surface 22 is formed as one divided region obtained by dividing the virtual deflection virtual surface Sid by a predetermined division width Wa in the arrangement direction AD (x direction in the present embodiment).
- the deflection virtual surface Sid is composed of a plurality of inclined surfaces Sis that change in reverse gradient at locations corresponding to the surface vertices of the parallelized virtual surface Sic.
- each inclined surface Sis has a smooth planar shape.
- the slope of each slope Sis is set to be a slope opposite to the slope of the corresponding portion of the parallelized virtual surface Sic.
- the division width Wa in the division region of the parallelizing surface 21 and the deflection surface 22 is variously set, but by setting the sag amount to be approximately constant between the surfaces 21 and 22, The thickness of the entire complex lens array 18 is made constant.
- the parallel surfaces 21 and the deflection surfaces 22 alternately, a part of the parallel virtual surface Sic and a part of the deflection virtual surface Sid are extracted, and the composite surface 20 is extracted. Reproduced above.
- the collimating surface 21 condenses the illumination light from the condensing Fresnel surface 19 by refraction and collimates it.
- the deflecting surface 22 deflects the illumination light to the side opposite to the refraction by the collimating surface 21.
- the surface vertex 21a of the parallelizing surface 21 including the surface vertex of the parallelizing virtual surface Sic connects the light emitting element 12 and the surface vertex 17a of the condensing surface 17 of the condensing lens element 15a. It arrange
- the above-described division width Wa is set to be the largest on the parallelizing surface 21 including the surface vertex 21a. Then, as the distance from the surface vertex 21a in the arrangement direction AD increases, the division width Wa changes so that the ratio of the area of the deflecting surface 22 to the parallelizing surface 21 increases.
- one light emitting element 12 and one condenser lens element 15a form a pair, and one compound lens element 18a corresponding to this pair is provided, thereby providing one illumination unit IU.
- the illumination unit IU the condensing lens element 15a and the compound lens element 18a, which are constituent elements of the condensing unit 14, are collectively referred to as a lens element group 14a.
- the lighting units IU arranged in the same manner have the same configuration.
- a converging focal point (hereinafter referred to as the lens element group 14a) is obtained by the condensing surface 17 of the condensing lens element 15a, the condensing Fresnel surface 19 and the collimating surface 21 of the compound lens element 18a.
- Composite focus may be defined.
- the focal position FPs of the synthetic focus of the lens element group 14a in the cross section including the z direction (the yz cross section in the present embodiment) is shifted in the z direction.
- the curvature in the arrangement direction AD of the light collection surface 17 is larger than the curvature in the other direction SD, so that the focal position FPa is closer to the light collection unit 14 than the focal position FPs. positioned.
- Each light emitting element 12 is disposed between the focal position FPa and the focal position FPs for the corresponding lens element group 14a. In particular, in this embodiment, it is arranged at an intermediate position MP between the focal position FPa and the focal position FPs.
- the lens element group 14a takes in a partial radiant flux including light in the peak direction PD among the illumination light of the corresponding light emitting element 12.
- the partial radiant flux of the captured illumination light can be collimated by condensing as described above.
- the direction of the light emitting element 12 is set so that the peak direction is along the straight line SL, that is, the z direction.
- Fmax In each illumination unit IU, the F value of the lens element group 14a is preferably set to be not less than Fmin and not more than Fmax in both the xz section and the yz section.
- the lens element group 14a In the illumination light from the corresponding light emitting element 12, a range of ⁇ 60 degrees to +60 degrees is partially captured as a radiant flux.
- Fmax referring to the angle at which the relative light emission intensity of 0.9 in FIG. 4 is about ⁇ 25 degrees, the lens element group 14a has a range of ⁇ 25 degrees to +25 degrees of the illumination light. Part of it will be captured as radiant flux.
- the illumination target surface 32 can be illuminated with a small number Na of arrayed light emitting elements 12, while the luminance unevenness of the virtual image VI becomes relatively large. If the F value is close to Fmax, the luminance unevenness of the virtual image VI becomes relatively small, while the number Na of the light emitting elements 12 necessary for illuminating the illumination target surface 32 increases.
- the illumination light from the light emitting elements 12 arranged in this way is collimated by the lens element group 14a including the condensing lens element 15a as a pair in the condensing unit 14, and is illuminated. A corresponding area of the surface 32 is illuminated.
- the illumination target surface 32 of the image forming unit 30 has a dimension La on the illumination target surface 32 corresponding to the arrangement direction AD, and is on the illumination target surface 32 corresponding to the other direction SD. It is formed in a rectangular shape with the dimension of Ls.
- the dimension La is substantially the dimension in the arrangement direction AD
- the dimension Ls is substantially in the other direction SD. It becomes a dimension.
- the illumination range IR is a rectangular range in which the dimension in the arrangement direction AD is La / Na and the dimension in the other direction SD is Ls.
- the dimension in the arrangement direction AD of the illumination range IR is compared with the dimension in the other direction SD.
- the arrangement direction AD is a short direction in the illumination range IR, and correspondingly, the curvature of the arrangement direction AD is larger than the curvature of the other direction SD on the light collection surface 17. Should be set.
- the arrangement direction AD is the longitudinal direction in the illumination range IR.
- the curvature in the arrangement direction AD is larger than the curvature in the other direction SD. Should be set small. That is, corresponding to the dimension of the illumination range IR, the curvature in the direction corresponding to the longitudinal direction is set smaller than the curvature in the direction corresponding to the short direction.
- the arrangement direction AD is the short direction, and the other direction SD is the long direction.
- the curvature of the light collection surface 17 in the arrangement direction AD is larger than the curvature of the other direction SD.
- a case will be described in which a rectangular illumination target surface 32 having a dimension La of 40 mm and a dimension Ls of 20 mm is illuminated by using the light emitting element 12 having an array number Na of three.
- the condensing surface 17 is a spherical surface
- the combined focal length of the lens element group 14a in each illumination unit IU is 14.5 mm
- the light emitting element 12 is disposed at the position of the combined focal point
- the light emitting element 12 Assume that the lens element group 14a is configured to illuminate the illumination range IR described above.
- the F value of the lens element group 14a is 1.16 in the arrangement direction AD and 0.725 in the other direction SD. That is, in the arrangement direction AD, a partial radiant flux in the distribution range in which the light emission intensity of the light emitting element 12 is about 90% or more with respect to the peak direction PD is captured.
- the other direction SD a partial radiant flux in a distribution range in which the light emission intensity of the light emitting element 12 is about 72% or more with respect to the peak direction PD is captured.
- the illumination light emitted from the corresponding light emitting element 12 by the lens element group 14a is taken in the illumination light having a relatively low emission intensity, so that the luminance is larger than that in the arrangement direction AD. Unevenness can occur in the virtual image VI.
- the condensing surface 17 is not an spherical surface but an anamorphic surface so that the F values in both directions AD and SD are matched, and the curvature in the other direction SD is 0.72 / 0.9 with respect to the curvature in the arrangement direction AD. That is, if the ratio is set to 1 / 1.25, the corresponding area illuminated by each light emitting element 12 can be matched with the rectangular illumination range IR while the luminance unevenness in both directions AD and SD is made the same.
- the anamorphic surface formed in a convex shape in which the curvature in the x direction and the curvature in the y direction are different from each other is formed as the condensing surface 17 of the condensing lens element 15a. Since the condensing lens elements 15 a are arranged with each other in the condensing lens array 15 of the condensing unit 14, it is possible to set a large curvature with respect to the illumination target surface 32, for example. Since the condensing lens element 15a is paired with the light emitting element 12, the curvature in each direction is set on the condensing surface 17, and efficient condensing according to the arrangement of the light emitting elements 12 is performed. Can do. As described above, each light emitting element 12 can efficiently illuminate the corresponding area of the illumination target surface 32. Therefore, the virtual image VI obtained by projecting the image formed by the image forming unit 30 onto the windshield 3 can be viewed. It can be expensive.
- the curvature in the arrangement direction AD when La / Na ⁇ Ls, the curvature in the arrangement direction AD is larger than the curvature in the other direction SD, and when La / Na> Ls, the curvature in the arrangement direction AD is It is smaller than the curvature in the other direction SD. That is, the magnitudes of the curvatures in both directions AD and SD of the light condensing surface 17 are set in accordance with the magnitudes of both directions AD and SD in the dimension per light emitting element 12 of the illumination target surface 32.
- the width of illumination in the direction with a small curvature is It is possible to configure wider than the width of illumination in a direction in which the curvature is large.
- the width of illumination in both directions AD and SD matches the size of each direction AD and SD of the light emitting element 12 on the illumination target surface 32. Therefore, the range of the corresponding region illuminated by the illumination light from each light emitting element 12 is optimized, and the entire illumination target surface 32 is efficiently illuminated. Therefore, the visibility of the virtual image VI can be improved.
- the sag amount z of the light collecting surface 17 is represented by the formula, the anamorphic surface formed in a convex shape in which the curvature in the x direction and the curvature in the y direction are different from each other.
- the light condensing surface 17 can be easily realized.
- the conic constant in the arrangement direction AD is ⁇ 1 or less.
- the conic constant in the arrangement direction AD is smaller than the conic constant ky in the other direction SD.
- the contiguous lens elements 15a are adjacent to each other.
- the gradient of the condensing surface 17 in the vicinity of the location can be made relatively gentle. Therefore, the loss of illumination light that can occur due to the shape of the concentrating surfaces 17 having large gradients can be suppressed, so that the entire illumination target surface 32 is efficiently illuminated. Therefore, the visibility of the virtual image VI can be improved.
- each condensing surface 17 is formed in a parabolic shape in a cross section including the arrangement direction AD and the z direction.
- the normal direction of the condensing surface 17 is perpendicular to the z direction in the vicinity of the adjacent portion of the condensing lens elements 15a.
- the gradient of the condensing surface 17 in the vicinity can be made gentle. Therefore, the loss of illumination light that can occur due to the shape of the concentrating surfaces 17 having large gradients can be reliably suppressed, and the entire illumination target surface 32 is efficiently illuminated. Therefore, the visibility of the virtual image VI can be improved.
- the compound lens array 18 as a compound lens provided with the compound surface 20 is disposed on the optical path between the condenser lens array 15 and the illumination target surface 32.
- the composite surface 20 has an alternating array structure in which parallelizing surfaces 21 that collimate the illumination light by refraction and deflecting surfaces 22 that deflect the illumination light in the direction opposite to the refraction of the parallelizing surface 21 are alternately connected. Forming.
- part of the illumination light collected from the light emitting element 12 to the paired condensing lens element 15a is parallelized by the parallelizing surface 21, while the other part is parallelized by the deflecting surface 22. The light is refracted on the opposite side to the refraction with 21.
- the second embodiment of the present disclosure is a modification of the first embodiment.
- the second embodiment will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment.
- the condensing lens element 215a provided with the condensing surface 217 which is an anamorphic surface is arranged in the condensing unit 214 of the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment.
- the condenser lens array 215 is formed.
- only a part of the condensing lens element 215 a and the light emitting element 212 is given a reference numeral.
- the pair of the condensing lens element 215a and the light emitting element 212 is arranged with both the x direction and the y direction being arranged directions.
- Nx pairs of condenser lens elements 215a and light emitting elements 212 are arranged in the x direction and Ny pieces are arranged in the y direction.
- the case where the number of arrays Nx is 3 and the number of arrays Ny is 2 is illustrated.
- the illumination target surface 232 of the image forming unit 230 has a dimension on the illumination target surface 232 corresponding to the x direction as Lx, and a dimension on the illumination target surface 232 corresponding to the y direction. Is formed in a rectangular shape with Ly. As in the first embodiment, since the illumination target surface 232 extends substantially perpendicular to the straight line, the dimension Lx is substantially the dimension in the x direction, and the dimension Ly is substantially in the y direction. It becomes a dimension.
- the illumination range IR is a rectangular range in which the dimension in the x direction is Lx / Nx and the dimension in the y direction is Ly / Ny.
- the dimension of the illumination range IR in the x direction is compared with the dimension in the y direction.
- the x direction is the short direction in the illumination range IR, and accordingly, the curvature in the x direction is set to be larger than the curvature in the y direction on the condensing surface 217. It should be.
- the x direction is the longitudinal direction in the illumination range IR, and correspondingly, the curvature in the x direction is smaller than the curvature in the y direction on the condensing surface 217. Should be set. That is, corresponding to the illumination range IR, the curvature in the direction corresponding to the longitudinal direction is set smaller than the curvature in the direction corresponding to the short direction.
- the x direction is the longitudinal direction and the y direction is the short direction.
- the curvature in the x direction of the condensing surface 17 is smaller than the curvature in the y direction.
- the compound lens array 218 is provided on the optical path between the condensing lens array 215 and the illumination target surface 232 as in the first embodiment, and a plurality of compound lenses. Elements 218a are formed by being arranged with each other.
- Each compound lens element 218a is a lens element provided in the same number as the light-emitting element 212 and the light-collecting lens element 215a corresponding to the pair of the light-collecting lens element 215a and the light-emitting element 212. That is, in the present embodiment, Nx number of compound lens elements 218a are arranged in the x direction and Ny pieces are arranged in the y direction. As shown in FIG.
- each compound lens element 218a faces the condenser lens array 215 side and has an incident-side compound surface 223 as an incident-side surface on which illumination light is incident.
- each compound lens element 218a has an exit-side composite surface 226 as an exit-side surface that faces the image forming unit 230 and emits illumination light.
- the incident-side composite surface 223 forms an alternating arrangement structure in which parallelizing surfaces 224 and deflection surfaces 225 are alternately connected.
- the collimating surface 224 of the incident side composite surface 223 is formed as one divided region obtained by dividing the virtual parallelizing virtual surface Sic1 into regions in the y direction with a predetermined dividing width Wy.
- the parallel virtual surface Sic1 is formed in a smooth curved surface as a convex surface that is convex toward the condenser lens element 215a side of the condenser lens array 215.
- the deflection surface 225 of the incident-side composite surface 223 is formed as one divided region obtained by dividing the virtual deflection virtual surface Sid1 in the y direction with a predetermined division width Wy.
- the deflection virtual surface Sid1 is composed of a plurality of inclined surfaces Sis1 that change in reverse gradient at locations corresponding to the surface vertices of the parallelized virtual surface Sic1, and in the present embodiment, each inclined surface Sis1 has a smooth planar shape. It has become.
- the slope of each slope Sis1 is a slope opposite to the slope of the corresponding portion of the parallelized virtual surface Sic1.
- the exit-side composite surface 226 forms an alternating arrangement structure in which parallelizing surfaces 227 and deflection surfaces 228 are alternately connected.
- the collimating surface 227 of the exit-side composite surface 226 is formed as one divided region obtained by dividing the virtual parallelized virtual surface Sic2 into regions in the x direction with a predetermined dividing width Wx.
- the parallel virtual surface Sic2 has a smooth curved surface as a convex surface convex toward the image forming unit 230 side.
- the curvature of the parallelizing surface 227 of the exit side composite surface 226 is set substantially equal to the curvature of the parallelizing surface 224 of the entrance side composite surface 223.
- the deflection surface 228 of the exit-side composite surface 226 is formed as one divided region obtained by dividing the virtual deflection virtual surface Sid2 into regions in the x direction with a predetermined division width Wx.
- the deflection virtual surface Sid2 is composed of a plurality of inclined surfaces Sis2 that change in reverse gradient at locations corresponding to the surface vertices of the parallelized virtual surface Sic2, and in the present embodiment, each inclined surface Sis2 has a smooth planar shape. It has become.
- the slope of each slope Sis2 is opposite to the slope of the corresponding portion of the parallelized virtual surface Sic2.
- the parallelizing surfaces 227 and the deflecting surfaces 2208 By alternately arranging the parallelizing surfaces 227 and the deflecting surfaces 228, a part of the parallelizing virtual surface Sic2 and a part of the deflecting virtual surface Sid2 are extracted, and the exit side composite is extracted. Reproduced on the surface 226.
- the composite surface 20 of the first embodiment can be referred to.
- Each of the parallel surfaces 224, 227 collects the illumination light from the condenser lens array 215 by refraction and makes it parallel.
- the deflecting surfaces 225 and 228 deflect the illumination light in the direction opposite to the refraction by the parallelizing surfaces 224 and 227.
- the alternating arrangement structure is formed in a state in which the boundary between the composite lens elements 218a is not known in the entire region on the optical path of the composite lens array 218.
- the function as the compound lens element 218a arranged in the x direction and the y direction is exhibited because the splitting directions are substantially orthogonal to each other on the entrance side composite surface 223 and the exit side composite surface 226 as described above. Is done.
- the condensing surface 217 is an anamorphic surface in which the curvature in the x direction and the curvature in the y direction are different from each other, the effects similar to those of the first embodiment can be achieved. It becomes possible.
- the curvature in the x direction is larger than the curvature in the y direction
- Lx / Nx> Ly / Ny the curvature in the x direction is , Smaller than the curvature in the y direction. That is, the magnitude of the curvature of the light converging surface 217 in both directions is set in accordance with the size of each light emitting element 212 on the illumination target surface 232 in both directions.
- the width of illumination in the direction in which the curvature is small is It is possible to configure wider than the width of illumination in a direction in which the curvature is large.
- the width of illumination in both directions AD and SD matches the size of each dimension of the light emitting element 212 on the illumination target surface 232 in both directions. Therefore, the range of the corresponding area illuminated by the illumination light from each light emitting element 212 is optimized, and the entire illumination target surface 232 is efficiently illuminated. Therefore, the visibility of the virtual image VI can be improved.
- the conic constants kx and ky can be arbitrarily set on the condensing surface 17, respectively.
- the conic constant in the arrangement direction AD may be greater than or equal to the conic constant in the other direction SD, and the conic constant in the arrangement direction AD may be 0 or more.
- the condensing surface 17 may be an anamorphic surface formed in a convex shape in which the curvature in the x direction and the curvature in the y direction are different from each other, and the sag amount z of the condensing surface 17 is It may be expressed by a power series polynomial surface.
- the condensing surface 17 may be formed in a hyperbolic shape, an elliptical arc shape, an arc shape, or the like other than a parabolic shape in a cross section including the arrangement direction AD and the z direction.
- the condensing surface 17 may be formed in a hyperbolic shape, a parabolic shape, an elliptical arc shape, or the like other than the arc shape in a cross section including the other direction SD and the z direction. .
- the condensing surface 17 may be provided as an incident-side surface that faces the light emitting element 12 and allows illumination light to enter.
- the light emitting element 12 may be arranged at the focal position FPa of the synthetic focus of the lens element group 14a. Further, the light emitting element 12 may be disposed at the focal position FPs of the synthetic focus of the lens element group 14a.
- the arrangement interval between the light emitting elements 12 arranged mutually and the interval between the surface vertices 17a of the condensing surface 17 in the condensing lens elements 15a arranged mutually are as follows: May be different. Under this condition, the direction connecting the surface vertex 17 a of the light collecting surface 17 and the pair of light emitting elements 12 may be different between each pair of the light collecting lens elements 15 a and the light emitting elements 12.
- the z direction can be defined as a representative of each pair, for example, the pair at the center. Or the direction which averaged the direction which connects the light emitting element 12 which makes a pair with the surface vertex 17a of the condensing surface 17 between each pair can be defined as az direction.
- the curvature of the condensing virtual surface Sip that forms the condensing Fresnel surface 19 and the curvature of the parallelizing virtual surface Sic that forms the parallelizing surface 21 are , May be different.
- the condensing focal point FPa and the focal position FPs of the lens element group 14a are made to coincide with each other.
- the unit 14 may be configured.
- the direction of division may be interchanged.
- one of the incident-side compound surface 223 and the exit-side compound surface 226 can be replaced with another surface shape.
- Other surface shapes include a condensing Fresnel surface as in the first embodiment, a single convex surface provided in a smooth curved surface common to the compound lens elements 218a, and the like.
- the compound lens array 18 may be replaced with another optical member such as a single condensing lens.
- the optical element changes the direction of illumination light such as the reflecting mirror 918, it corresponds to the direction xd or y direction on the illumination target surface 32 corresponding to the x direction.
- the direction yd on the illumination target surface 32 may be different from the x direction or the y direction in accordance with the change in the direction of the illumination light.
- the condensing unit 14 may be configured only by the condensing lens array 15.
- the condensing unit 14 may be obtained by adding another optical member to the condensing lens array 15 and the compound lens array 18.
- the dimension La and the dimension Ls of the illumination target surface 32 may coincide with each other.
- the illumination target surface 32 may have a triangular shape or a circular shape other than the rectangular shape. Further, the illumination target surface 32 may have a curved surface shape other than the planar shape.
- the image forming unit 30 may not have the diffusing unit 34.
- only the y direction out of the x direction and the y direction may be used as the arrangement direction AD.
- the illumination target surface 32 does not have to extend perpendicularly to the straight line SL.
- the image forming unit 30 that is a transmissive and flat liquid crystal panel may be arranged in a state in which the normal direction of the illumination target surface 32 is inclined with respect to the straight line SL. .
- the normal direction of the illumination target surface 32 forms an angle of about 10 to 25 degrees (denoted as ⁇ in FIG. 15) with respect to the straight line SL.
- the liquid crystal pixels in the image forming unit 30 basically have no element for deflecting light, the light of the image formed by the image forming unit 30 is also emitted along the straight line SL (however, part of the light is diffused). Part 34).
- the image forming unit 30 is inclined with the longitudinal direction of the illumination target surface 32 (that is, the arrangement direction AD) as the rotation axis. Therefore, the image forming unit 30 is arranged in a state where the illumination target surface 32 is inclined with respect to the other direction SD (that is, the y direction). As a result of this arrangement, in the cross section including the other direction SD and the z direction (that is, the yz cross section), the distance between the compound lens array 18 and the image forming unit 30 differs depending on the position.
- a planar reflecting surface 39 is formed on the side facing the flat mirror 40, for example, by a mirror surface configured as a surface of a glass substrate.
- a mirror surface configured as a surface of a glass substrate.
- the external light may enter the image forming unit 30 along the straight line SL. Is expensive.
- the external light is reflected in a direction different from the straight line SL by the reflecting surface 39 substantially parallel to the illumination target surface 32. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress the external light reflected by the reflecting surface 39 from reaching the eye point EP together with the image light.
- the inclination direction or angle of the image forming unit 30 is set so as to satisfy the conditions of the Scheimpflug or be close to the conditions in consideration of the arrangement angles of the plane mirror 40, the concave mirror 42, and the windshield 3. It is preferable. According to such an inclination direction and angle, it is possible to suppress the virtual image VI viewed from the eye point EP from being inclined and viewed.
- the dimension on the illumination target surface 32 corresponding to the other direction SD.
- Ls it is possible to adopt a value obtained by multiplying the actual dimension Ls0 in the cross section including the other direction SD and z direction of the illumination target surface 32 (that is, the yz cross section) by cos ⁇ .
- the dimension La on the illumination target surface corresponding to the arrangement direction AD is used as the illumination target surface. It is possible to adopt a value obtained by multiplying the actual dimension in the cross section including the arrangement direction AD and the z direction (that is, the xz cross section) by cos ⁇ .
- the division width Wa in the area division of the parallelizing surface 21 and the deflecting surface 22 may be set to be substantially the same width in each part.
- the composite surface 20 in the composite lens array 18 may have a configuration in which the shape of the parallelizing surface 21 is replaced with an inclined flat surface.
- the present disclosure may be applied to various moving bodies (transport equipment) such as a ship other than the vehicle 1 or an airplane.
- the above-described head-up display device is mounted on the moving body 1 and projects an image onto the projection member 3 to display a virtual image so that the occupant can visually recognize the image.
- the plurality of light emitting elements 12 and 212 are arranged with each other and emit illumination light.
- the image forming units 30 and 230 have illumination target surfaces 32 and 232, and the illumination light from each light emitting element illuminates a corresponding area in the illumination target surface, thereby forming an image.
- the condensing units 14 and 214 collect the illumination light from each light emitting element and make it incident on the illumination target surface.
- a condensing part is a lens element provided with two or more so that it may make a pair with each light emitting element.
- the condensing unit has condensing lens arrays 15 and 215 formed by arranging condensing lens elements 15a and 215a provided with condensing surfaces 17 and 217 for condensing illumination light.
- the z direction is defined as the direction connecting the surface vertex 17a of the light collecting surface and the paired light emitting elements.
- An x direction and a y direction orthogonal to each other are defined on a virtual plane orthogonal to the z direction.
- the pair of the condenser lens element and the light emitting element is arranged with at least one of the x direction and the y direction as the arrangement direction AD.
- Each condensing surface is an anamorphic surface formed in a convex shape in which the curvature in the x direction and the curvature in the y direction are different from each other.
- an anamorphic surface formed in a convex shape in which the curvature in the x direction and the curvature in the y direction are different from each other is formed as the condensing surface of the condensing lens element. Since the condensing lens elements are arranged with each other in the condensing lens array of the condensing unit, for example, it is possible to set a large curvature with respect to the illumination target surface. Since the condensing lens elements are respectively paired with the light emitting elements, it is possible to perform efficient condensing according to the arrangement of the light emitting elements by setting the curvature in each direction on the condensing surface. As described above, each light-emitting element can efficiently illuminate the corresponding area of the illumination target surface, so that a virtual image obtained by projecting the image formed by the image forming unit onto the projection member has high visibility. Can do it.
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Abstract
Description
図1に示すように、本開示の第1実施形態によるHUD装置100は、移動体の一種である車両1に搭載され、インストルメントパネル2内に収容されている。HUD装置100は、車両1の投影部材としてのウインドシールド3へ画像を投影する。これにより、HUD装置100は、画像を車両1の乗員により視認可能に虚像表示する。すなわち、ウインドシールド3に反射される画像の光が、車両1の室内において乗員のアイポイントEPに到達し、乗員が当該光を知覚する。そして、乗員は、虚像VIとして表示される各種情報を認識することができる。虚像VIとして表示される各種情報としては、例えば、車速、燃料残量等の車両状態値、又は道路情報、視界補助情報等の車両情報が挙げられる。
以上説明した第1実施形態の作用効果を以下に説明する。
図9,10に示すように、本開示の第2実施形態は第1実施形態の変形例である。第2実施形態について、第1実施形態とは異なる点を中心に説明する。
以上、本開示の複数の実施形態について説明したが、本開示は、それらの実施形態に限定して解釈されるものではなく、本開示の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々の実施形態及び組み合わせに適用することができる。
Claims (8)
- 移動体(1)に搭載され、投影部材(3)へ画像を投影することにより、前記画像を乗員により視認可能に虚像表示するヘッドアップディスプレイ装置であって、
互いに配列され、照明光を発する複数の発光素子(12,212)と、
照明対象面(32,232)を有し、各前記発光素子からの前記照明光がそれぞれ前記照明対象面のうち対応領域を照明することにより、前記画像を形成する画像形成部(30,230)と、
各前記発光素子からの前記照明光を集光して前記照明対象面に入射させる集光部(14,214)と、を備え、
前記集光部は、各前記発光素子と対をなすように複数設けられたレンズ素子であって、前記照明光を集光する集光面(17,217)が設けられた集光レンズ素子(15a,215a)が、互いに配列されて形成されている集光レンズアレイ(15,215)を有し、
前記集光面の面頂点(17a)と、対をなす前記発光素子とを結ぶ方向としてz方向を定義し、前記z方向と直交する仮想平面上において互いに直交するx方向及びy方向を定義すると、
前記集光レンズ素子と前記発光素子との対は、前記x方向及び前記y方向のうち少なくとも一方を配列方向(AD)として配列され、
各前記集光面は、前記x方向の曲率と前記y方向の曲率とが互いに異なる凸面状に形成されたアナモルフィック面であるヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 - 前記x方向及び前記y方向のうち一方を前記配列方向とし、他方を他方向(SD)とすると、
前記照明対象面は、前記配列方向に対応した前記照明対象面上の方向の寸法をLaとし、前記他方向に対応した前記照明対象面上の方向の寸法をLsとする矩形状に形成され、
前記配列方向における前記集光レンズ素子と前記発光素子との対の配列個数をNaとすると、
La/Na<Lsである場合、前記配列方向の曲率は、前記他方向の曲率よりも大きく、
La/Na>Lsである場合、前記配列方向の曲率は、前記他方向の曲率よりも小さい請求項1に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 - 前記x方向及び前記y方向の両方を前記配列方向とすると、
前記照明対象面は、前記x方向に対応した前記照明対象面上の方向の寸法をLxとし、前記y方向に対応した前記照明対象面上の方向の寸法をLyとする矩形状に形成され、
前記集光レンズ素子と前記発光素子との対は、前記x方向にNx個配列されると共に、前記y方向にNy個配列され、
Lx/Nx<Ly/Nyである場合、前記x方向の曲率は、前記y方向の曲率よりも大きく、
Lx/Nx>Ly/Nyである場合、前記x方向の曲率は、前記y方向の曲率よりも小さい請求項1に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。 - 前記配列方向のコーニック定数は、-1以下である請求項4に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- 各前記集光面は、前記配列方向及び前記z方向を含む断面において、放物線状に形成されている請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
- 前記集光部は、前記集光レンズアレイと前記照明対象面との間の光路上に、複合面(20,223,226)が設けられた複合レンズ(18,218)をさらに有し、
前記複合面は、前記照明光を屈折により平行化する平行化面(21,224,227)と、前記照明光を前記平行化面の屈折とは逆側に偏向する偏向面(22,225,228)とが、交互に連なる交互配列構造を、形成している請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ装置。
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DE112017000946.4T DE112017000946B4 (de) | 2016-02-23 | 2017-01-13 | Head-up-anzeigevorrichtung |
US16/078,076 US10920958B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 | 2017-01-13 | Head-up display device |
KR1020187026554A KR102039405B1 (ko) | 2016-02-23 | 2017-01-13 | 헤드업 디스플레이 장치 |
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CN117092823A (zh) * | 2023-08-17 | 2023-11-21 | 江苏泽景汽车电子股份有限公司 | 光学成像系统及抬头显示器 |
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